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Sixty Dome Mosque

Coordinates: 22°40′28″N 89°44′31″E / 22.67444°N 89.74194°E / 22.67444; 89.74194
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Sixty Dome Mosque
ষাট গম্বুজ মসজিদ
The mosque in 2017
Religion
AffiliationIslam
Ecclesiastical or organizational statusMosque
StatusActive
Location
LocationBagerhat, Khulna Division
CountryBangladesh
Sixty Dome Mosque is located in Bangladesh
Sixty Dome Mosque
Location of the mosques in Bangladesh
Geographic coordinates22°40′28″N 89°44′31″E / 22.67444°N 89.74194°E / 22.67444; 89.74194
Architecture
Architect(s)Khan Jahan Ali
TypeMosque architecture
Style
FounderKhan Jahan Ali
Groundbreaking1442 CE
Completed1459 CE
Specifications
Length45.26 m (148 ft 6 in)
Width30.89 m (101 ft 4 in)
Interior area1,605 m2 (17,280 sq ft)
Dome(s)81
Minaret(s)Four
Official nameMosque City of Bagerhat
TypeCultural
Criteriaiv
Designated1985 (9th session)
Reference no.321
RegionAsia-Pacific

The Sixty Dome Mosque, also known as the Shait-Gumbuz Masjid, is a mosque, located in Bagerhat, in the Khulna Division of Bangladesh. It is a part of the Mosque City of Bagerhat, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is the largest mosque in Bangladesh from the Bengal Sultanate period (1352–1576). It was built by Khan Jahan Ali, the governor of the Sundarbans. It has been described as "one of the most impressive Muslim monuments in the whole of South Asia."[1] It situated is approximately 4.8 kilometres (3 mi) from the main town of Bagerhat;[2] and nearly 320 km (200 mi) from Dhaka.[3]

Despite its nomenclature, the mosque has 81 domes that are supported by sixty columns.

History

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In the middle of the 15th century, a Muslim colony was founded in the mangrove forest of the Sundarbans, near the coast in the Bagerhat District by a saint-General, named Khan Jahan Ali. He preached in an affluent city during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah, then known as 'Khalifatabad'.[4] Khan Jahan adorned this city with more than a dozen mosques, the ruins of which are focused around the most imposing and largest multi-domed mosques in Bangladesh, known as the Shait-Gumbuz Masjid (49 by 33 metres (160 by 108 ft)).[4] The construction of the mosque began in 1442[4] and was completed in 1459. The mosque was used for prayers as well as a madrasha and assembly hall.

Architecture

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The Sixty Dome Mosque features unusually thick, tapered brick walls in the Tughlaq style and a hut-shaped roofline that anticipates later styles. Its oblong plan measures 45.26 metres (148 ft 6 in) by 30.89 metres (101 ft 4 in) externally, and 37.57 metres (123 ft 3 in) by 23.22 metres (76 ft 2 in) internally.[5] There are 77 low domes arranged in seven rows of eleven, with an additional dome on each corner, bringing the total to 81 domes. There are four towers, two of four towers were used for the call to prayer (azaan). The interior is divided into many aisles and bays by slender columns, which culminate in numerous arches that support the roof.

The mosque has 77 squat domes with seven four-sided pitched Bengali domes in the middle row. The vast prayer hall, although provided with 11 arched doorways on east and seven each on north and south for ventilation and light, presents a dark and somber appearance inside. It is divided into seven longitudinal aisles and 11 deep bays by a forest of 60 slender stone columns, from which springs rows of endless arches, supporting the domes, each 1.8 metres (6 ft) thick, slightly tapering walls and hollow and round, almost detached corner towers, resembling the bastions of fortress, each capped by small rounded cupolas, recall the Tughlaq architecture of Delhi. The western wall features eleven mihrabs on the interior where ten are blind and the central one is projected on the exterior.[5] The mosque represents wonderful archeological beauty which was the signature in the 15th century.

Sixty domes or sixty columns

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The mosque is locally known in Bengali as the 'Shat Gombuj Masjid', which means "Sixty Domed Mosque". However, there are 77 domes over the main hall and exactly 60 stone pillars.[2] It is possible that the mosque was originally referred to as the "Sixty Pillared Mosque"" where, in Arabic: شصت عمؤد, romanized: Amud, lit. 'column', later got corrupted in Bengali: গম্বুজ, romanized: Gombuj, lit. 'dome'.

[edit]
  • Side view
    Side view
  • Arch of the mosque
    Arch of the mosque
  • Exterior of the mosque
    Exterior of the mosque
  • Inside of mosque
    Inside of mosque
  • Southeastern view
    Southeastern view
  • Panoramic view
    Panoramic view
  • Ceiling of the mosque
    Ceiling of the mosque
  • Inside of the mosque
    Inside of the mosque
  • Mosque arches
    Mosque arches
  • Mosque arches
    Mosque arches
  • Mosque arches, exterior
    Mosque arches, exterior
  • Inside pillars
    Inside pillars

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Bari, M. A. (2012). "Shatgumbad Mosque". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  2. ^ a b "Shat Gambuj Mosque: world Heritage site as a historical beautiful mosque". Travel-bangladesh.net. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  3. ^ "The Shat Gambuj Masjid (The Sixty Domes Mosque)". Bangladesh Continual. Rafiul alam. August 2011. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c "Shat Gombuj Mosque – Bangladesh". Banglaview24.com. April 24, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2013.
  5. ^ a b Reza, Mohammad Habib; Hossain, MD Shajjad (2017). Documentation of Islamic Heritage of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Brac University.
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