Andrija Zmajević (Cyrillic: Андрија Змајевић; 6 June 1628 - 7 September 1694) was a Baroque poet, Archbishop of Antivari, and Catholic theologian.
Andrija Zmajević Андрија Змајевић | |
|---|---|
Bust of Zmajević in Montenegro | |
| Born | 6 June 1628 |
| Died | 7 September 1694 (aged 66) |
| Nationality | Venetian |
| Occupation(s) | archbishop, theologian, poet |
| Notable work | Ljetopis crkovni, Slovinskoj Dubravi, Boj Peraški |
Biography
editThe Zmajević family hailed from Vrba, a village from the region of the Njeguši tribe; when the last members of the Crnojević family left the Principality of Zeta, Nikola Zmajević and his cousins Ivaniš and Vučeta moved to Kotor, at the beginning of the 16th century. There, they quickly converted from Eastern Orthodoxy in favor of Roman Catholicism, by marrying "Latin" women.[1][2] Becoming appealed and somewhat wealthy, the family acquired property and gained a reputation and a name in Kotor.[1]
Andrija Zmajević was born in Perast, in the Bay of Kotor, at the time part of the Republic of Venice, in late July 1628. His grandmother Anđuša had moved from Kotor to Perast in the early 17th century, after the death of her husband.[1] After finishing the Franciscan primary school in his native town, Andrija Zmajević continued his education in Kotor, before moving to the College for the Propagation of the Faith, in Rome, where he earned a doctorate of philosophy and theology.[3][4] In 1656, back in Perast, he became the town's pastor and the abbot of the monastery of St. George, on the Sveti Đorđe Island.[4] In 1664, he became the vicar of the bishopric of Budva, where he remained after being appointed as titular archbishop of Bar in 1671, as the latter city was under Ottoman rule.[4]
Work
editHe collected epic and lyric folk songs and transcribed the works of Dubrovnik poets, notably Ivan Gundulić. His most important theological and historical work is Ljetopis Crkovni (“Church Chronicles”), completed in 1675[5] and illustrated by himself and his countryman Tripo Kokolja. Written in proto-Serbo-Croatian, the book focuses on the South Slavs and records some of their secular history. Zmajević saw them as a single people and hoped that they would eventually unite under the Roman faith, including the Serbs. In particular, the writer greatly admired Saint Sava, whom he incorrectly considered as faihtful to the Holy See.[6]
With the exception of the poem Od pakla, published in Venice in 1727, all his works remained in manuscript during his lifetime, some of which have been lost.[5] Among the most notable are:[7][page needed][5]
- Ljetopis crkovni (“Church chronicles”)
- Svadja Lazarevih kćeri, Brankovice i Miloševice (“The Quarrel of Lazar's daughters, wife of Branko and wife of Miloš”)
- Boj Peraški (“The Battle of Perast”); lost
- Slovinskoj Dubravi (“Of Slavic Dubrovnik”)
- Tripu Škuri (“Of Tripo Škura”)
- Od pakla (“From Hell”); lost
Zmajević wrote both in Latin and in the vernacular language, which he called "Slavic" (slovinski)[6] and which he wrote using both Latin and Cyrillic scripts.[8] He justified his decision to write in Cyrillic script since it was used by the "Illyrian" and overall Slavic world.[9]
Legacy
editThe Croatian Encyclopedia describes him as a 'Croatian archbishop and writer' and notes that his few remaining works are archived by HAZU.[10]
References
edit- ^ a b c Zmajević 1996a, p. 8.
- ^ Živković 2016, p. 214.
- ^ Babić 2016, p. 289.
- ^ a b c Djukanović 2023, p. 408.
- ^ a b c Babić 2016, p. 292.
- ^ a b John V. A. Fine, Jr. (5 February 2010). When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods. p. 300. ISBN 978-0472025602. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
- ^ Poezija Dubrovnika i Boke Kotorske u doba renesanse, baroka i prosvećenosti, Zlata Bojović
- ^ Papović, Dragutin (2009). Primjeri filantropije u Crnoj Gori do kraja XX vijeka (in Serbo-Croatian). Podgorica: Fond za aktivno građanstvo. p. 33. ISBN 978-9940-9210-0-2 – via YUMPU.
- ^ Pantić, Miroslav (1990). Knjizevnost na tlu Crne Gore i Boke Kotorske od XVI do XVIII veka. Srpska književna zadruga. Retrieved 4 July 2019 – via Project Rastko.
illyrica elementa B. Cyrili, quibus universa nostra natio utitur, "sveti Ćirilo takođe istomu jeziku učini slova, kojimi ne samo Dalmacija i Srbija, dali Polonija, Moskovija, Rusija, Moldavija, Bulgarija i ostale države na susjedstvu služe se"
- ^ "Zmajević, Andrija". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
Sources
edit- Prednjegoševsko doba, Titograd 1963.[author missing][ISBN missing]
- Babić, Vanda (2016). "Zmajevići - prilog kulturnoj povijesti Mediterana". Istorijski zapisi (in Croatian). LXXXIX (3–4): 287–303.
- Djukanović, Bojka (2023). Historical Dictionary of Montenegro. London: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781538139141.
- Živković, Zoran D. (2016). Mediteranski svet u srpskoj književnosti [Mediterranean World in Serbian Literature] (PDF) (PhD) (in Serbian). University in Belgrade.
- Zmajević, Andrija (1996a). Pižurica, Mato (ed.). Ljetopis crkovni [Church chronicles]. Književnost Crne Gore od XII do XIX vijeka (in Serbian). Vol. I. Cetinje: Obod. OCLC 39054095.
- Zmajević, Andrija (1996b). Pižurica, Mato (ed.). Ljetopis crkovni [Church chronicles]. Književnost Crne Gore od XII do XIX vijeka (in Serbian). Vol. II. Cetinje: Obod. OCLC 39054095.