Wikipedia

Belgian Air Component

The Belgian Air and Space Component (Dutch: Luchtcomponent, French: Composante air) is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces,[2][3] and until January 2002 it was officially known as the Belgian Air Force (Dutch: Belgische Luchtmacht; French: Force aérienne belge). It was founded in 1909 and is one of the world's oldest air services.

Belgian Air and Space Component
  • Luchtcomponent (Dutch)
  • Composante air (French)
Belgian Air Component wings
Founded1909
Country Belgium
TypeAir force
RoleAerial warfare
Size6,500 (2019)[1]
119 aircraft and UAV's
Part ofBelgian Armed Forces
Websitewww.mil.be
Commanders
Current
commander		Major General Thierry Dupont
Insignia
Roundel
Fin flash
Ensign
Aircraft flown
FighterF-16A
HelicopterNH90, AW109BA
TrainerF-16B, SF.260
TransportA400M Atlas, Dassault Falcon 7X
TankerA330 MRTT (NATO MRTT unit)

The commander is Major General Thierry Dupont, appointed on 17 September 2020.[4]

History

edit

Foundation and early years

edit

Luchtcomponent was founded in 1909 as a branch of the Belgian Army, carrying the name Compagnie des Ouvriers et Aérostiers.[5] King Albert's interest in the military use of aircraft was the main impetus for its formation. Coincidentally, in the civil aviation sector, Baron Pierre de Caters earned the first civil pilot's brevet that same year. De Caters would promptly establish an aviation school. At approximately the same time, the War Ministry followed the French military's example and had pilots earn a civil pilot's brevet before their military one.[6]

In 1910, three Belgian lieutenants earned their pilot's brevets at the school, paying their own fees. Two of the artillery lieutenants were Baudouin Montens d'Oosterwyck, who earned Brevet No. 19 on 30 September, and Alfred Sarteel, granted No. 23 on 10 November. The third lieutenant, Georges Nelis, was the new force's first aviation candidate, gaining Brevet No. 28 on 21 December. An aircraft was personally purchased for him.[6]

In spring of 1911, the new air force established its military aviation school with five pilots, two mechanics, and a woodworker. It received its first aircraft via Baron Caters, who gave the aircraft to King Albert, who in turn presented it to the school.[6]

On 12 September 1912, pilot Lieutenant Nelis and observer Sous Lieutenant Stellingwerff were the first Europeans to fire a machine gun from an aircraft; while Nelis brought the aircraft low, Stellingwerff put some bullets through a sheet staked out on the ground. They were disciplined for their efforts. Nelis then accompanied Capitaine Commandant Émile Mathieu to England during November 1913 to demonstrate aerial use of the Lewis machine gun at Hendon and Aldershot; as a result, the British adopted the Lewis, although the Belgians did not. Belgium entered World War I with aircraft tasked solely for reconnaissance missions.[7]

World War I

edit
 
Belgique, the first Belgian airship

By the time of Belgium's entry into the First World War on 4 August 1914, the military aviation branch, now called the Aviation Militaire Belge (Belgische militaire luchtvaart), consisted of four squadrons, each consisting of four 80-horsepower Farman aircraft, although Escadrilles III and IV were still forming. A truck was assigned to each squadron, along with a fifth truck serving as a mobile workshop. Each squadron had a commander, five pilots, and six observers, with all officers seconded from parent units. As a result, most of the new aviators were from the Engineers and Artillery components of the Belgian armed forces. As the war began, a fifth squadron was created, staffed with civilian pilots called to the colors and equipped with Bleriots.[8]

Sous Lieutenant Henri Crombez flew one of the first war patrols, in a Deperdussin racer on 4 August 1914 above Liège.[9] Adjutant Behaeghe was the first to engage an enemy, a few days later. On 26 September, the Belgian air crew of Sous Lieutenant de Petrowski and Sergeant Benselin mortally wounded a German pilot with a rifle bullet and forced his Taube to land at Sint-Agatha-Berchem; if they had submitted a claim for this victory, its approval would have marked history's first air-to-air combat victory.[10]

On 3 January 1915, two machine guns supplied by British were fitted to two Belgian aircraft, making a dual effort against the foe possible; these were Belgium's first dedicated fighter planes. In February, thirteen of the Belgian airmen flew 28 offensive patrols; their first dogfight was fought on the 26th, with ten Albatroses against three Belgian Farmans. On 26 March, Sous Lieutenant Boschmans sent a German two-seater into a steep dive when he seemed to hit the pilot; the German was not seen to either crash or land. This was the Belgian aviators' first victory claim.[11]

In April, Lieutenant Fernand Jacquet mounted a machine gun on his pusher aircraft and sought out the enemy. On the 17th, he and his observer (Lieutenant Henri Vindevoghel) scored Belgium's first confirmed aerial victory, sending an Albatros reconnaissance aircraft down in flames over Roeselare. Apparently at about the same time, Adjutant José Orta and Sous Lieutenant Louis de Burlet were the first to attack an enemy observation balloon when they dropped three small bombs on a gasbag over Houthulst, however they either did not hit, or failed to explode.[11]

 
Sopwith Camel in the colours of the Belgian 1st Squadron

On 18 January 1916, the decision was made to form a dedicated fighter squadron. On 22 February 1916, Escadrille I became the 1ère Escadrille de Chasse. It consisted of newly supplied Nieuport 10s and one obsolete Farman two-seater. In August, the new squadron would upgrade to Nieuport 11s, and Escadrille V was turned into the 5ème Escadrille de Chasse. The new unit was the first to mount an offensive formation for the new air force; on 15 February 1917, they flew an offensive patrol of seven. By this time, the AMB had grown to 44 aircraft, including 21 fighters. At this point, individual aircraft bore personal markings affixed by their pilots, but no unit designations.[12]

In the summer of 1917, the AMB was allotted an active role in Allied aviation operations at the beginning of the Third Battle of Ypres. In March 1918, the AMB matured into a Groupe de Chasse. At this time, the role of the Escadrilles de Chasse was finally focused on their operation strictly as fighter units. There was a sorting out of pilots into fighter or reconnaissance roles. Not all fighter pilots went into the new fighter units; as of 1 May, 22 remained with reconnaissance units to fly escort missions. The King insisted that Jacquet be given the command of the Group. The newly organized fighter wing contained the two fighter escadrilles; however, 1ère Escadrille de Chasse became 9ème Escadrille de Chasse, and 5ème Escadrille de Chasse became 10ème Escadrille de Chasse. The 11ème Escadrille de Chasse was founded on 28 May to join them. By the start of the Allies final offensive in September 1918, the AMB was incorporated in the Allied aviation effort, and could send 40-plus aircraft into the air at one time. In its short span of service, the Groupe fought over 700 aerial combats and was credited with 71 confirmed and 50 probable victories.[13]

Aircraft procurement difficulties

edit

In June 1916 the nascent air force had received newer aircraft from the French in both single and double-seat versions of the Nieuport 10. The Belgians would continue to upgrade their aircraft throughout the war, though through their dependence on French manufacturers they became the stepchildren of the Allied effort from 1916 onwards.[14] The introduction dates of various types, compared to the date of their acquisition by the Belgians, tells the tale. The Belgians got Nieuport 16s at the end of 1916. The Nieuport 17 came into service with the French as early as June 1916, but the Belgians received so few that in June 1917 they were still operating all their earlier Nieuports. They then contracted for newer Nieuport 23s, which were basically up-engined Nieuport 17s. Spad VIIs had entered French service on 2 September 1916; the Belgians first received them almost an entire year later, with the first one on board on 22 August 1917. In September 1917, Belgium had the Hanriot HD.1 supplied to it the year after it was introduced. Spad XIIIs also came on line that month, but would not show up in Belgian inventory until the next year. Sopwith Camels first went into service in May 1917 and the AMB received its first one on 29 November 1917.[15]

The AMB did make one attempt to design and build its own aircraft. However the Ponnier M1 was not good enough for production, and the ten or so manufactured ended up with clipped wings as powered "Penguin" rollers for training rookie pilots.[16]

Operational summary

edit

One of its flying ace pilots, Willy Coppens, became the top ranking balloon buster of World War I, as well as one of the war's top aces. Four other pilots from the tiny force also became aces with it: Andre de Meulemeester,[17] Edmond Thieffry,[18] Jan Olieslagers,[19] and Fernand Jacquet.[20]

The fledgling air force was entrusted with flying both King Albert and Queen Elisabeth over the battle front at times.[21]

Between the world wars

edit
 
Belgian Fairey Firefly II, 1931

During the interwar period, the Belgian Army Air Force flew the Breguet 19. Some efforts were made to acquire aircraft from local production, such as those by Stampe et Vertongen and Renard. They also evaluated native designs like the ACAZ C.2 and LACAB GR.8, none of which entered mass production however.[citation needed]

World War II

edit

At the start of World War II, the Army Air Force had three active Air Force Regiments. Aircraft which were used by those regiments were the Renard R-31 and R-32, the Fiat CR.42 Falco, the Hawker Hurricane, the Gloster Gladiator, the Fairey Fox, and the Fairey Battle. These were massacred by the much superior German Luftwaffe in the German invasion of May 1940. Before the outbreak of the war Belgium also sought to equip the Aviation Militaire with foreign designs, ordering production licences in Poland and France and aircraft in the USA. However, the acquired licences could not be used until May 1940 and the aircraft produced in the USA were eventually delivered to France and to the United Kingdom.[citation needed]

After the surrender of Belgium on 28 May 1940, a very small Belgian Air Force in exile was created in Great Britain as the Belgian section of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve. This small force was active within the British Royal Air Force, and its squadrons were equipped with the Supermarine Spitfire and Hawker Typhoon. [citation needed]

The Cold War

edit
See also: Second Allied Tactical Air Force

On 15 October 1946, the Belgian military aviation was turned into an autonomous force, independent of the Belgian Army. From September 1953 to 1960, the Advanced Pilots' School (Ecole de Pilotage Avancé) operated Harvards from the Kamina military base in the Belgian Congo.[22] Seemingly about 60 Harvards were at the base.

Post-Cold War reforms

edit
 
An Agusta A109BA of the Air Component

At the beginning of the 1990s, the end of the Cold War caused the Belgian government to restructure the Belgian Armed Forces in order to cope with the changed threats. The Belgian Air Force was hit hard and saw its strength more than halved with the disbanding of the 3rd Tactical Wing in Bierset (1994); the disbanding of the 1st Fighter Wing in Beauvechain; the 9th Training Wing in Sint-Truiden Air Base; and the Elementary Flying School in Goetsenhoven (1996).

In 2002, the Belgian government decided to emulate Canada and impose a "single structure" on its armed forces in which the independent Belgian Air Force ceased to exist. The Belgian Air Component (COMOPSAIR being the HQ) consists of the 2nd Tactical Wing in Florennes Air Base and the 10th Tactical Wing in Kleine Brogel Air Base, both flying F-16s in four squadrons. Out of the 160 F-16s originally bought by Belgium, only 105 were upgraded; with further reductions to 72 aircraft in 2005; and planned to 60 by 2012. The 1st Wing at Beauvechain Air Base is assigned for the training of pilots, using the piston-powered Aermacchi SF.260 for elementary training, and the Alpha Jet for advanced training. Advanced combat training is done on F-16's at Kleine Brogel.[23] COMOPSAIR still operates the Lockheed C-130 Hercules in the 15th Air Transport Wing based at Melsbroek Air Base, planning to replace them by seven Airbus A400M transport aircraft. VIPs are transported with Embraer 135/145 jets,[24] Dassault 20/900, and the Airbus A321. The Sea King SAR helicopters were phased out in March 2019 after more than 40 years of service and replaced by NH90s (4 NFH + 4 TTH). The Alouette III helicopters flown for the Belgian Navy in a utility-role were phased out in 2021.[25]

In 2004, as part of the unified structure, the Army Aviation units of the Wing Heli were transferred to the COMOPSAIR. These contain the Agusta A109 attack helicopter, and the Alouette II training and recce helicopter. In 2005, the Belgian Alpha Jets moved to Cazaux in France to continue the Initial Operational Training, while the Advanced Jet Training was done on French Alpha Jets at Tours. As from 2013 both Advanced Jet Training as well as Initial Operational Training are completed in Cazaux in France. Within the framework of its commitments within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, Belgium has assigned its 72 F-16s to NATO purposes. Two squadrons with a total of 16 aircraft have been designated for use by the Rapid Reaction Forces. In February 2008, Defense Minister Pieter De Crem announced that due to increasing problems and poor serviceability, the two A310s were to be replaced as soon as possible by two aircraft in the same class. An Airbus A330 was dry-leased to take their place till March 2014 where it was replaced by an Airbus A321. On 1 September 2010, the Wing Heli in Bierset was disbanded and the Agusta A109 helicopters moved to Beauvechain Air Base to become 1st Wing. The SF260 squadrons became part of the Basic Flying Training School. On 24 May 2011, it was reported that the two retired Airbus A310 aircraft have been sold to the Brussels-based company MAD Africa for the amount of 700,000 euros. The company then sold them on to the Dutch Van Vliet transport company, who in their turn will transfer the aircraft to an as yet unspecified Abu Dhabi-based operator.[citation needed]

1990s

edit

In January 1991, 18 Mirage 5 aircraft of the 3rd Tactical Wing were deployed to Turkey's Diyarbakır air base. During this operation, Belgian aircraft carried out several flights along the Iraqi border. After this operation the obsolete Mirage 5s were phased out.

On 15 July 1996, a C-130 with serial CH-06 carrying 37 members of the Dutch Army Fanfare Band and four Belgian crew members crashed at Eindhoven after a bird strike while executing a go-around, resulting in the loss of power to two engines. 34 passengers were killed, and only 7 survived. The accident is known in the Netherlands as the Herculesramp.

From October 1996, the Belgian Air Force cooperated with the Dutch Royal Air Force in the "Deployable Air Task Force" in patrolling former Yugoslavian airspace. F-16s of the 2nd and 10th Tactical Wings, operating from the Italian bases of Villafranca and Amendola, were assigned to missions insuring the control of a No-Fly Zone over Yugoslavia, and providing the air support necessary for UN and NATO troops. Between 24 March and 10 June 1999, twelve Belgian F-16s carried out 679 combat sorties – the first time since the second World War that Belgian aircraft took part in active war operations in enemy territory – against Serbia during the Kosovo crisis. The last Belgian F-16 detachment left Italy in August 2001.

2000s

edit

On 29 March 2004, four F-16s from Kleine Brogel were transferred under NATO's Baltic Air Policing mission to the Šiauliai Air Base in Lithuania for three months, where they were employed in monitoring the Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian skies.

In 2005, the Helicopter Wing (WHeli – HeliW) deployed four A-109 (including one Medevac) in Tuzla, Bosnia. In July, four F-16s deployed to Afghanistan to support the NATO International Security Assistance Force.[26] From June to October 2005, the 80th UAV Squadron deployed its B-Hunter in Tuzla.[27][28]

In 2006, Belgian Hunter unmanned air vehicles deployed to the Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of the EU EUFOR peacekeeping mission. At the same time, the Helicopter Wing (WHeli – HeliW) deployed three A-109 (including 1 Medevac) in Mostar, Bosnia, in Operation Blue Bee.[29]

On 1 December 2006 the Belgian Air Component deployed again under Baltic Air Policing mission four F-16 MLU aircraft to Šiauliai Air Base in Lithuania, to defend the airspace of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.[30]

From August 2008, four F-16s were deployed to Kandahar in Afghanistan in support of the Dutch land forces.[31]

In March 2011, Belgium deployed six F-16 fighters to Araxos in Greece, in support of Operation Odyssey Dawn, to support the NATO operations over Libya.[32] The aircraft were already at the base as part of a joint exercise and were transferred to NATO command. Up to June 2011, the aircraft had flown over 1,000 hours over Libya and attacked various military installations and targets.

 
The display F-16AM arriving at the 2017 RIAT, England

2010/2020s

edit

On 12 September 2011 a Wikileaks document showed a diplomatic cable from the American ambassador and the Minister of Defence Pieter De Crem that Belgium is interested in buying off-the-shelf Lockheed F-35 Lightnings by 2020.[33][34][35]

In 2013 the Belgian Air Force supported French operations in Mali providing Medevac helicopter support with two A-109 helicopters and two C-130 Hercules in a tactical air transport role.

On 2 September 2013, four F-16 Fighting Falcon fighter-jets of the Royal Belgian Air Force landed at the Šiauliai Air Base to take charge of NATO's Air Policing mission over the Baltic states.[36][37]

Between October 2014 and July 2015 six Lockheed Martin F-16AM Fighting Falcons were deployed under Operation Desert Falcon to Muwaffaq Salti Air Base as part of military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.[38]

On 11 October 2018, one Belgian F-16 was completely destroyed and a second damaged, in a fire at Florennes Air Base, reportedly caused by the accidental firing of a cannon.[39][40]

On 25 October 2018, Belgium officially selected the offer for 34 F-35As to replace the current fleet of around 54 F-16s. In the accompanying news conference, government officials stated that the decision to select the F-35 over the Eurofighter Typhoon came down to the price, and later stated that "The offer from the Americans was the best in all our seven valuation criteria". The total purchasing price for the aircraft and its support until 2030 totaled €4 billion, €600 million cheaper than the initially budgeted €4.6 billion. First deliveries are scheduled to take place in 2023.[41][42]

On 19 September 2019, a Belgian Air Force F-16 crashed in France.[43]

In 2022 the STAR program (Strategic Defense Review) was announced by the Belgian Ministry of Defense which plans for the upgrade of the existing 4 NFH90 helicopters used by the Belgian Navy with currently lacking ASW Sensors & Weapons, the replacement of the remaining 10 Augusta A109Bi helicopters by new 15 Light Utility Helicopter (Airbus EC-145) and the acquisition of 4 heavy transport helicopters (CH47F) to replace the 4 TTH90's whereby closer cooperation with the Netherlands Air Force is considered.[44]

Joint air policing

edit

On 4 March 2015, the Belgian and Dutch ministers of defence, along with the ambassador of Luxembourg to the Netherlands, signed an agreement on joint air policing. Starting mid-2017, the Belgian Air Component and the Royal Netherlands Air Force will take turns keeping two F-16s on quick reaction alert (QRA) defending the airspace of all three Benelux countries. The agreement could allow the Belgian minister of defence to order a Dutch aircraft to use lethal force over Belgian airspace, and vice versa. Luxembourg, while currently covered by Belgian QRA, does not allow the use of lethal force over its territory.[45]

Organization

edit

The organization of the aircomponent as of 2018.The airforce has about 6,500 total active personnel divided in 10 operational units and an headquarters. In the near future, an air-artillery unit with long range surface to air missiles is to be established.

  • HQ COMOPSAIR (headquarters of the airforce) in Evere
    • 1st wing (Helicopters and training aircraft) in Bevekom and Koksijde
    • Meteo Wing (weather forecasting for the airforce)
    • Air traffic control centre in Steenokkerzeel
    • Control and Reporting Centre in Bevekom
    • Aviation Safety Directorate (in charge of aviation safety)
    • Airforce Competence Centre (in charge of training flying and non-flying personnel) in Bevekom
    • 10th tactical wing
      • 31st fighter squadron with F-16
      • 349th fighter squadron with F-16
      • operations conversion unit
      • operations squadron
      • maintenance group
      • defence and support group
    • 2nd tactical wing
      • 1st fighter squadron with F-16
      • 350th fighter squadron with F-16
      • operations conversion unit
      • operations squadron
      • maintenance group
      • defence and support group
      • 2nd squadron, to be equipped with 4 MQ-9 drones
    • 15th wing airtransport in Melsbroek with 8 A400M transport aircraft (7 Belgium & 1 Luxembourg) and 2 Dassault Falcon 7X jets

Aircraft

edit

Current aircraft

edit
 
A Belgian F-16AM flies near Kandahar Airfield
 
NH90 NFH on display at Florennes Air Base
Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Combat aircraft
F-16 Fighting Falcon United States Multirole fighter F-16A 45[46]
F-35 Lightning II United States Multirole fighter F-35A 1 33 on order[46]
Transport
Airbus A400M Atlas Europe Transport 7[46] [46]
Helicopters
AgustaWestland AW109 Italy Medevac / Scout A109BA 12[46] Will be replaced by EC145
Eurocopter EC145 Germany Utility 15 on order[47]
NHIndustries NH90 France / Italy SAR / Utility NFH90 / TTH90 4/4[46] 4 NFH90 flown for Belgian Navy
Trainer
SIAI-Marchetti SF.260 Italy Trainer 29[46]
F-16 Fighting Falcon United States Conversion trainer F-16B 8[46]
UCAV
MQ-9 Reaper United States Strike / Surveillance SkyGuardian 4 on order[48]

NOTE: Belgium is participating in the NATO MRTT unit with the use of an Airbus A330 MRTT[49]

Belgium is committed to transfer 30 F-16 to Ukraine from 2024 to 2028 in the context of the planned transition to the F-35A.[50]

Retired aircraft

edit

Below is a list of some notable retired aircraft

 
T6 Harvard war bird in flight
 
A Belgian S-58 on lift off
 
A Belgian Fouga Magister
 
The Westland Sea King helicopter
Aircraft Origin Type Variant In service Notes
Combat aircraft
Fairey Battle United Kingdom Bomber 14[51]
Fairey Fox United Kingdom Light bomber II, III, VI, VIII 115[51]
Fiat CR.42 Italy Fighter 23[51]
Gloster Gladiator United Kingdom Fighter 15[51]
Supermarine Spitfire United Kingdom Fighter FR Mk XIV 53[52]
Gloster Meteor United Kingdom Fighter F.4/F.8/NF.11[53] 347 The NF.11 served as a night fighter
Hawker Hurricane United Kingdom Fighter Mk I 11[51] License built by SABCA[54]
Avro CF-100 Canuck Canada Interceptor CF-100 Mk 5 53[55] In service 1957 - 1964
Republic F-84 Thunderjet United States Fighter-bomber F-84E/H 213[54] In service 1951 - 1956
Republic F-84F Thunderstreak United States Fighter-bomber F-84F 231[54] In service 1955 - 1972
Lockheed F-104 Starfighter United States Interceptor F-104G 100[56] In service 1963 - 1983
Dassault Mirage 5 France Bomber BA 63[56] In service 1970 - 1994
Reconnaissance
Dassault Mirage 5 France Reconnaissance BR 27[56] In service 1971 - 1994
Republic RF-84F Thunderflash United States Reconnaissance RF-84F 34[54] In service 1955 - 1972
Renard R.31 Belgium Observation 19[51]
Auster AOP.6 United Kingdom Observation 22[56] In service 1947 - 1955
Transport
Douglas C-54 United States Transport 2[54] In service 1950 - 1971
C-130 Hercules United States Tactical airlift C-130H 12[57] In service 1971 - 2021
Boeing 727-100 United States Transport B727-029 2 Ex-Sabena, in service...
Airbus A310-200 Europe Transport A310-200 2 In service...
Airbus A330-300 Europe Transport A330-300 1 In service 2009 - 2014 (Leased from HiFly)
Airbus A321 Europe Transport A321-200 1[58] In service 2014 - 2020 (Leased from HiFly)
Dassault Falcon 20 France VIP transport Falcon 20E 2 [59] In service 1973 - 2016
Dassault Falcon 900 France VIP transport Falcon 900B 1 (CD-01) [60] In service 1995 - 2019
Embraer ERJ145 Brazil VIP transport 2[58] In service 2001 - 2020
Helicopters
Sikorsky S-58 United States SAR S-58C 11[56] In service 1961 - 1986
Westland Sea King United Kingdom SAR Sea King Mk. 48 5[61] In service 1976 - 2019
Aérospatiale Alouette III France Liaison 3[25] In service 1971 - 2021 - Flown for the Belgian Navy
Trainer aircraft
Gloster Meteor United Kingdom Jet trainer T.7[53] 43
Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star United States Jet trainer T-33A 12[56]
Fouga CM.170 Magister France Jet trainer 45[62]
North American T-6 Texan United States Trainer 148[63] In service 1947 - 1962
Lockheed F-104 Starfighter United States Conversion trainer TF-104G 12[56] In service 1965 - 1987
Alpha Jet France / Germany Trainer / Light attack Alpha Jet B 33[64] In service 1978 - 2020
Unmanned aerial vehicle
IAI B-Hunter United States / Israel Reconnaissance 11[65] In service 2004 - 2020

Personnel

edit

Officer ranks

edit
NATO code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6 OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1
  Belgian Air Component[66]
                      
Generaal Luitenant-generaal Generaal-majoor Brigadegeneraal Kolonel Luitenant-kolonel Majoor Kapitein-commandant Kapitein Luitenant Onderluitenant
Général Lieutenant général Général-major Général de Brigade Colonel Lieutenant-colonel Major Capitaine-commandant Capitaine Lieutenant Sous-lieutenant
General Generalleutnant Generalmajor Brigadegeneral Oberst Oberstleutnant Major Stabshauptmann Hauptmann Leutnant Unterleutnant

Other ranks

edit
NATO code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
  Belgian Air Component[66]
                       No insignia
Adjudant-Majoor Adjudant-chef Adjudant 1ste sergeant-majoor 1ste sergeant-chef 1ste sergeant Sergeant 1ste korporaal-chef Korporaal-chef Korporaal 1ste soldaat Soldaat
Adjudant-Major Adjudant-chef Adjudant 1er sergeant-major 1er sergeant-chef 1er sergeant Sergeant 1er caporal-chef Caporal-chef Caporal 1er soldat Soldat
Majoradjutant Chefadjudant Adjudant 1er Sergeant Major 1er Sergeant Chef 1er Sergeant Sergeant 1er Korporal Chef Korporal Chef Korporal 1er soldat Soldat

Future

edit

In the strategic defence vision report of the Belgian government it was stated that the Belgian air component will invest in 34 new fighter aircraft being introduced into service 2025–2030 and contribute for one aerial refuelling aircraft (A330 MRTT) as part of the Multi National Tanker Transport squadron based at Eindhoven Airport, to be able to deploy the new fighter aircraft in a more independent fashion.[67]

The Sea King helicopters were retired in March 2019 after 43 years of service. The Alpha Jet was also retired in December 2019 and sold to Top Aces in July 2020.[64] Future pilot training is to be conducted in the US at the Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training (ENJJPT) program based at Sheppard Air Force Base in Texas.[68] In addition, the three Alouette III helicopters flown for the Belgian Navy were phased out in 2021 after 50 years of operational service.[25]

On 25 October 2018, Belgium officially selected the offer for 34 F-35As to replace the current fleet of around 53 F-16s. In the accompanied news conference, government officials stated that the decision to select the F-35 over the Eurofighter Typhoon came down to the price, and later stated that "The offer from the Americans was the best in all our seven valuation criteria". The total purchasing price for the aircraft and its support until 2030 totaled €4 billion, €600 million cheaper than the initially budgeted €4.6 billion. First deliveries are scheduled to take place in 2023.[41][42]

In 2018 the Belgian Government approved the negotiations to acquire two General Atomics MQ-9B SkyGuardian MALE drones which are planned to be operational from 2023, replacing the IAI Hunter drones phased out since early 2021.[69]

In 2018 two Hercules aircraft were retired. In 2019 and 2020 additional aircraft were retired prior to the transition to the Airbus A400M starting in 2020. The remaining three Hercules were phased out in 2021, the last aircraft was withdrawn from Operational Service on 17 December 2021[57] after 50 years for service to the Belgian Air Force.[70]

Belgium contributes one Airbus A330 MRTT tanker aircraft as part of the NATO MRTT Squadron based at Eindhoven Air Base, replacing the leased Airbus 321 which was phased out in 2020 and returned to the lessor.[58]

In June 2020, it was deemed that the NH90 was too expensive and too few in numbers to be operated effectively, plans are now to withdraw the 4 TTH-versions by 2024 and focus solely on the NFH's SAR and naval operations and acquire sensor & armament upgrades for the NFH-90. A possible replacement could be the Airbus H145M, up to 15 could be ordered to replace both the NH90-TTH and the remaining Agusta A109BAi's.[71][72]

In January 2022, the Minister of Defence announced that the helicopter fleet will be completely renewed. There are plans to buy 15 new light utility helicopters (LUH) and 8 to 10 new heavy lift helicopters. The 4 NH90-TTH will be withdrawn and phased out.[73]

In August 2022 the Belgian Parliament approved the new law on military programming, the STAR-plus plan; the Air Component will have a new helicopter fleet. The remaining ten Agusta A109Bai will be retired and the four green NH90 TTH helicopters will be withdrawn from service. (There were 8 in total, only 4 of the NFH version will remain in service) In the plan, the new fleet will look like this:

  • 15 light helicopters (budget: €250 million)
  • 10 heavy transport helicopters (budget: €612 million)
  • 4 SAR helicopters (budget: €181 million)
  • 4 existing NH90 NFH helicopters for all naval tasks

This would replace the current fleet of 18 helicopters (10 Agusta A109 and 8 NH90) with a fleet of 33 helicopters.[74]

List of obsolete weapons and equipment

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "De Belgische Kamer van volksvertegenwoordigers". www.lachambre.be (in Dutch). 14 April 2016. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  2. ^ "La Défense" (in French). Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  3. ^ "Defensie" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 20 March 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  4. ^ "Vliegbasis van Kleine Brogel zwaait generaal-majoor Frederik Vansina uit". VRT NWS (in Dutch). 17 September 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  5. ^ Van Humbeek, Frans & Van Caesbroeck, Paul (2015). "Licht Vliegwezenlaan (Brasschaat)". Hangar Flying: Online Database of the Belgian Aviation Heritage (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  6. ^ a b c Pieters 1998, p. 9.
  7. ^ Pieters 1998, p. 11.
  8. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 10–11.
  9. ^ Deneckere, Bernard (2010). Luchtoorlog boven België 1914 [Air War over Belgium in 1914] (in Dutch). Roeselare: Roularta. ISBN 9789086793013.
  10. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 11–13, 21.
  11. ^ a b Pieters 1998, p. 12.
  12. ^ Pieters 1998, p. 14.
  13. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 17–18.
  14. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 12, 17.
  15. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 15–16.
  16. ^ Pieters 1998, p. 16.
  17. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 46–47.
  18. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 78–79.
  19. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 72–73.
  20. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 62–63.
  21. ^ Pieters 1998, pp. 21–22.
  22. ^ Pécriaux, V. (2015). "EPA à Kamina". Les Ailes Militaires Belges (in French). Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  23. ^ "Belgium Air Component Order of Battle". Scramble.nl. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  24. ^ "Photos: Embraer ERJ-135LR (EMB-135LR) Aircraft Pictures". Airliners.net. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  25. ^ a b c "Last flight for the Belgian Alouette's". Horizon.mt. 8 July 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  26. ^ "NATO Update: Alliance augments air power in Afghanistan". NATO. 12 July 2005. Archived from the original on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  27. ^ "80 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron". Belgium Defence (in French). 2015. Archived from the original on 26 July 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  28. ^ "Eagle B-Hunter UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)". Belgian Military Aircraft Database. 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  29. ^ "BAHA News 2006: Belgian Defence Agusta helicopters deployed to Mostar in Bosnia-Herzegovina". Belgian Wings. June 2006. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  30. ^ "Belgium F-16s to police Baltic airspace". f-16.net. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  31. ^ "Belgium to deploy 4 F-16s to Afghanistan". f-16.net. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  32. ^ "Belgium sends four F-16s to Libya". Belgian Federal Government. 22 March 2011. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  33. ^ Shalal-Esa, Andrea (17 September 2013). "Belgium considers Lockheed F-35 to replace F-16s". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  34. ^ Hoyle, Craig (16 November 2013). "Belgium to launch F-16 replacement process". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  35. ^ Deutsch, Anthony; Shalal-Esa, Andrea (17 September 2013). "Dutch government says to purchase 37 F-35 fighter planes". Reuters. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  36. ^ "Belgian fighter-jets landed in Šiauliai to take over of the Baltic Air Policing mission". The Lithuania Tribune. 4 September 2013. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  37. ^ Cenciotti, David (22 September 2014). "The most interesting aircraft displayed at the Belgian Air Force Days". The Aviationist. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  38. ^ AirForces Monthly. Stamford, Lincolnshire, England: Key Publishing Ltd. September 2015. p. 74.
  39. ^ "Belgian Air Force F-16 destroyed by fire during maintenance - Collateral damage on second F-16 - Aviation24.be". 12 October 2018. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  40. ^ Werth, Elizabeth (13 October 2018). "Technician Accidentally Sets off an F-16 Cannon, Blows Up Another F-16". Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  41. ^ a b Emmott, Robin (25 October 2018). "Belgium picks Lockheed's F-35 over Eurofighter on price". Reuters. Brussels. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  42. ^ a b Insinna, Valerie (25 October 2018). "F-35 officially wins Belgian fighter contest". Defense News. Washington. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  43. ^ Noëth, Bart (19 September 2019). "Belgian Air Force F-16 crashes near Pluvigner, France". Aviation24. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
  44. ^ STAR-plan
  45. ^ Fiorenza, Nicholas (11 March 2015). "Benelux countries agree to joint air policing". Jane's Defence Weekly. 52 (10): 13. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h Hoyle, Craig (2023). "World Air Forces 2024". FlightGlobal. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  47. ^ "Belgium chooses Airbus H145M for Armed Forces and Federal Police | Airbus". 17 June 2024.
  48. ^ "Belgian Defense Ministry Announces Completion of Initial Training for First MQ-9B crews". upi.com. 20 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
  49. ^ "Sieben Tankflugzeuge Airbus A330 MRTT für die NATO". Bundeswehr Journal. 25 September 2017. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
  50. ^ AFP, Staff Writer With (28 May 2024). "Belgium Commits to Deliver 30 F-16 Jets to Kyiv by 2028". The Defense Post. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  51. ^ a b c d e f "Aéronautique Militaire Belge: Order of Battle". belgique/amb. 1995. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  52. ^ "Supermarine Spitfire". belgian-wings.be. Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  53. ^ a b "Gloster Meteor". BAE Systems. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
  54. ^ a b c d e "World Air Forces 1955 pg. 618". Flightglobal Insight. 1955. Retrieved 21 April 2017.
  55. ^ "Avro Canada CF100 Canuck Mk.5". belgian-wings.be. Archived from the original on 7 June 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g "World Air Forces 1976 pg. 1720". Flightglobal Insight. 1976. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  57. ^ a b "Belgium retires its C-130s after 50 years of service". Brussels Times. 19 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  58. ^ a b c "Final flight for Belgian Air Force Airbus A321". scramble.nl. 28 December 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  59. ^ Noëth, Bart (22 December 2016). "Belgian Air Component retires CM-02 after 43 years of VIP flights". Aviation24. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  60. ^ "Dassault Falcon 900B". belgian-wings.be. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  61. ^ "Belgium retires Sea kings". janes.com. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  62. ^ "Potez-Air Fouga CM.170-1 Magister". belgian-wings. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  63. ^ "North American T-6 Texan". belgian-wings. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  64. ^ a b Heyligen, Laurent (9 July 2020). "Top Aces acquires 25 Belgian Air Force Alpha Jets". ISkies. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  65. ^ "Belgian Air Component withdraws last B-Hunter UAV from service". airrecognition.com. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  66. ^ a b "IPR Luchtcomponent". mil.be (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 20 February 2005. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  67. ^ "Steven Vandeput – Minister of Defence, in charge of the Civil Service" (PDF). www.vandeput.fgov.be. [permanent dead link‍]
  68. ^ "80TH FLYING TRAINING WING". www.sheppard.af.mil. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  69. ^ "Transitie van defensie: maatregelen voor de NH-90 TTH-variant en de B-Hunter". mil.be (in Dutch). 24 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  70. ^ "AIRBUS A400M ATLAS". mil.be (in Dutch). Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  71. ^ "Moet de "nieuwe" NH-90 helikopter van de luchtmacht alweer plaats maken voor een nieuw toestel?". Belgian Defence News (in Dutch). Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  72. ^ "Belgium chooses Airbus H145M for Armed Forces and Federal Police | Airbus". 17 June 2024.
  73. ^ "Leger krijgt extra budget voor heli's, personeel en digitale bescherming". De Standaard (in Flemish). 21 January 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  74. ^ "Helispot.be | Helikopters BE". www.helispot.be. Retrieved 7 August 2023.

Bibliography

edit
  • De Vink, Hervé (August 1976). "Adieu au "Dakota" de la Force aérienne belge" [Farewell to the Dakotas of the Belgian Air Force]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (81): 17–19. ISSN 0757-4169.
  • Duwelz, Yves (February 2002). "Les Blériot XI de l'aviation militaire belge" [The Bleriot XIs of the Belgian Air Component]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (107): 56–60. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Pacco, John (2003). Belgisch Leger/Armee Belge: Het Militair Vliegwezen/l'Aeronautique Militaire 1930–1940. Belgium: Aartselaar. ISBN 90-801136-6-2.
  • Pieters, Walter M. (1998). Above Flanders' Fields: A Complete Record of the Belgian Fighter Pilots and Their Units During the Great War, 1914–1918. Grub Street. ISBN 978-1-898697-83-1.
  • Silvester, John. "Call to Arms: The Percival Sea Prince and Pembroke". Air Enthusiast, No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 56–61. ISSN 0143-5450
  • Wauthy, Jean-Luc & de Neve, Florian (June 1995). "Les aéronefs de la Force Aérienne Belge, deuxième partie 1919–1935" [Aircraft of the Belgian Air Force]. Le Fana de l'Aviation (in French) (305): 28–33. ISSN 0757-4169.
edit
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Air force of Belgium.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belgian_Air_Component&oldid=1260308726"