The Chicago Sting (1974–1988) was an American professional soccer team representing Chicago. The Sting played in the North American Soccer League from 1975 to 1984 and in the Major Indoor Soccer League in the 1982–83 season and again from 1984 to 1988. They were North American Soccer League champions in 1981 and 1984, one of only two NASL teams (the New York Cosmos) to win the championship twice.[2]
| Full name | Chicago Sting | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nickname(s) | The Sting Der Sting | ||
| Founded | 1974 | ||
| Dissolved | 1988 | ||
| Stadium | Outdoor: Soldier Field Comiskey Park Wrigley Field Indoor: International Amphitheatre[1] Chicago Stadium Rosemont Horizon | ||
| Coach | Bill Foulkes Malcolm Musgrove Willy Roy Erich Geyer Gary Hindley | ||
| League | NASL (1975–84) | ||
| Website | www.stingchicago.com | ||
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The Sting were founded in 1974[3] by Lee Stern of Chicago and competed in the NASL for the first time in the 1975 season. A few years after founding the Sting, Stern brought Willy Roy on as head coach. Roy coached the Sting for the remainder of their outdoor existence.
The team was named in reference to the popular 1973 film, The Sting, whose action was set in Chicago of the 1930s.
The club played at various venues. The outdoor team spread their home games at Soldier Field, Wrigley Field, and Comiskey Park. In 1976 the indoor squad called the International Amphitheatre[1] home, before subsequently using Chicago Stadium and the Rosemont Horizon (now the Allstate Arena).
Stern, Foulkes, Hill and May
edit1974–75: The Chicago Sting were the dream child of Lee Stern,[4] a leading Chicago commodities broker, who in 1974 took an expensive gamble that his hometown would accept soccer as a major league sport. Stern turned to England for a coach in the shape of 'Busby Babe' Bill Foulkes, the former Manchester United defender.
Foulkes built a team of predominantly British players (there were 10 in the 1975 squad and 11 in 1976 and 1977[5]) including Gordon Hill and Eddie May. Hill would later win 6 England caps and play over a hundred games for Manchester United including the 1976 FA Cup Final. In Chicago he hit six goals in the Sting's inaugural season and firmly established himself as a fan's favorite as did May who despite playing all of his career in the UK as a central defender, was used by Foulkes as a target man scoring 7 times in 18 games which included the winner on his debut in Sting's 1–0 victory over Los Angeles Aztecs, just 24 hours after arriving into Chicago from Welsh club Wrexham.
In the summer of 1975 a sparse crowd of 4,500 watched the Sting's very first home game and as it began so it continued with an average that year of around the 4,000 mark – although close to 14,000[6] did turn out to see the Sting take on the 1974 Polish World Cup team in a friendly.
The Sting missed out on the playoffs by a single point losing the final game of the season in a penalty shoot-out (Hill missing his attempt).[7]
Cosmos doubled, Willie Morgan, Foulkes quits
edit1976: The Sting's second season saw the arrival of more players from the British Isles and the return to Chicago of Polish striker Janusz Kowalik. Kowalik had hit the heights with the Chicago Mustangs eight years earlier scoring 30 goals in 28 appearances in the Mustangs one and only season in the NASL.
Although the British incomers were less well known – John James (from Tranmere Rovers), John Lowey (from Manchester United's youth team), Lammie Robertson (Exeter City) and Alan Waldron (Bolton Wanderers & Blackpool) – the side were good enough to win the club its first honor in the form of the Northern Division title.
Although the team were unable to make it past the first round of the playoffs, bowing out to the Toronto Blizzard,[8] they had doubled the star studded New York Cosmos in regular season play, winning two-nil in New York, and in front of 28,000 home fans had beaten Pelé, Giorgio Chinaglia and company in a 4–1 romp.[9]
1977: Head coach Bill Foulkes headed for Britain yet again before the 1977 season to sign a player who would prove to be one of the most successful and popular players in the NASL's history – Willie Morgan, the Scottish international midfielder. Morgan, who arrived on loan from Bolton Wanderers had played over 500 games in the Football League for Bolton Wanderers, Burnley and Manchester United.
Also arriving from the UK was Ronnie Moore a prolific striker from Tranmere Rovers, but despite these additions the Sting had a very poor year and Foulkes resigned halfway through the season leaving Willy Roy, his assistant, as interim coach.[10]
Roy, a German by birth who had arrived with his family in Chicago at the age of six, was a veteran of the early years of the NASL and its forerunner the NPSL. The Sting finished the season with a 10 win 16 loss record. Unsurprisingly attendances were not improving, and a dramatic drop seemed likely when the Sting started the 1978 season by losing its first ten games.
Musgrove disaster, Karl-Heinz Granitza signs
edit1978: At the beginning of the 1978 NASL season the Sting set a much unwanted record when the team lost its first ten matches. This was not the start that owner Lee Stern had anticipated when he brought in Clive Toye as new club president[11] who in turn had hired Malcolm Musgrove as the team's new head coach.[12] Toye had been one of the men behind the success of the NASL's leading light the New York Cosmos, while Musgrove, a former left-winger with West Ham United was a coach with a growing reputation.
Musgrove had made expensive forays into the transfer market bringing in four new players in the shape of Karl-Heinz Granitza (from Hertha Berlin), Arno Steffenhagen (from FC St. Pauli), Horst Blankenburg (who had played in the great Ajax side of the early 1970s alongside Johan Cruyff, and company) and Jørgen Kristensen (another former Hertha Berlin man).
Swift action was needed and out went Musgrove as Willy Roy was recalled as coach.[13] The effect was immediate – ten wins were recorded in the last fourteen regular season games – and the Sting moved up from last place to second place in the Central Division to win a playoff berth.
Although eliminated from the playoffs by the Tampa Bay Rowdies the Sting (or Der Sting as they would later become known with the shift from British staff to German[14]) won plaudits around the league for their attacking style of play scoring thirty-eight goals in those final fourteen games.
Willy Roy appointed coach, On the brink
edit1979: At the end of the 1978 NASL season Willy Roy was appointed head coach. The Sting were on their way to becoming one of the best sides in the league and to ensure continued success Roy brought in four new players who would all play their part in the franchises best season yet: Wim van Hanegem arrived from Dutch side AZ, Luigi Martini from SS Lazio, Thomas Sjoberg from Malmö FF along with former Feyenoord man Peter Ressel.
All number of club records were broken as the Sting scored 70 goals – Karl-Heinz Granitza weighing in with 20 – and the average home attendance increased to a respectable 8,000, 21,000 plus turning out at Wrigley Field to see the New York Cosmos defeated 3–1. The Fort Lauderdale Strikers were beaten in the first round of the playoffs (the Sting winning the best of three series by two wins to none) but the San Diego Sockers proved to be too strong for Chicago and booked a place in the American Conference Finals with a 2–0 win in California followed by a 1–0 victory at Wrigley Field.
1980: Phil Parkes, the former Wolverhampton Wanderers 'keeper, became the Sting's number 1, moving to Chicago from the Vancouver Whitecaps where he had played for the past three seasons and established himself as the NASL's top glovesman. Also joining the Sting line-up were Ingo Peter (once of Borussia Dortmund) and Frantz Mathieu, a Haitian defender, who joined from FC St. Pauli.
The Sting took the Central Division title with a 21–11 record, 16 of those wins coming in their first 19 games. Karl-Heinz Granitza was again leading marksman with 19 goals and 26 assists, while Arno Steffenhagen took second place with 15 strikes and 15 assists from midfield.
The 1980 campaign, and the 1980–81 Indoor Season that followed (the Sting's first foray into the world of the indoor game), were major turning points as far as the Chicago public were concerned and the club started to attract large crowds on a regular basis. 26,468 saw the Sting take on the Tampa Bay Rowdies at Wrigley Field, 18,112 watched the Washington Diplomats home fixture, and two other matches drew crowds in excess of 16,000, while indoors 16,257 packed the Chicago Stadium for one game as the Sting's reached – but lost – the NASL Championship finals.
1981 Championship Season
edit1981: The addition of Pato Margetic to the Sting front line – Margetic had joined from the Detroit Express – showed coach Will Roy's attacking intent for the coming campaign, indeed the club would finish as the NASL leading scorers with 81 goals.
The turning point in the season came at the end of the June when a new club record crowd of 30,501 turned out at Wrigley Field to see the Sting beat the New York Cosmos 6–5 after a shootout. This signalled the start of an eight-game winning streak.
The Central Division title was confirmed as the Sting completed the regular season with three straight home wins. The Dallas Tornado were beaten 3–1, the Ft. Lauderdale Strikers by a 7–2 margin and the Tulsa Roughnecks 5–4 to end the campaign with a 23 wins and 9 defeats.
In the first round of the playoffs the Seattle Sounders were beaten by two games to one and the Sting advanced to round two and a date with the Montreal Manic. A record soccer crowd of 58,542 in Montreal's Olympic Stadium saw the Manic take the first game 3–2, but the Sting bounced back to win games two and three both by a 4–2 margin, game three being won despite being 2–1 down with nine minutes left to play.
The San Diego Sockers now stood between the Sting and a first Soccer Bowl appearance. Two late goals by the Californian side gave them first blood and a 2–1 win, but the Sting won game two by the same scoreline in front of 21,760 at Comiskey Park. Five days later 39,623 Chicagoans saw the Sting take the series with a 1–0 overtime victory at the same venue. The Sting were heading for a Soccer Bowl showdown with the New York Cosmos.
Eighteen years without a major sporting honor ended for the city of Chicago as the Sting won the NASL Championship to give the Windy City its first professional sports title since the Chicago Bears had won the NFL Championship Game in 1963. On that occasion the Bears had beaten the New York Giants and the Sting's triumph would be earned against another New York team, the Cosmos.
A crowd of 36,971 – including some 6,000 from Chicago – were on hand at Toronto's Exhibition Stadium and they could have been forgiven for expecting a high scoring game as the two previous meetings between the Sting and the Cosmos that year had produced fifteen goals. So it was very much against the odds – after the normal 90 minutes and a further 15 minutes of sudden death overtime – that this game would end goalless.
Each side had plenty of scoring opportunities though, the closest of which came from the Sting's Pato Margetic whose strike was saved by a fully extended Hubert Birkenmeier in the Cosmos goal, teammate Ingo Peter's saw his header strike the crossbar and then the upright, and an overhead kick by Giorgio Chinaglia went just wide of the Sting goal.
Despite that effort, Chinaglia, the NASL's all-time leading scorer, was marshaled well by the defensive partnership of Frantz Mathieu and Paul Hahn, supply from the flanks by the Cosmos wingers was kept to a minimum by Dave Huson and Derek Spalding, the Sting's two fullbacks, while in goal Dieter Ferner put in another exemplary shift. At the other end the Cosmos backline, aided by Birkenmeier, was just as effective.
Twice in regular season play the Sting had needed extra time to beat the Cosmos and the same would be the case in Toronto. New York took the lead after three rounds through Vladislav Bogicevic, Karl-Heinz Granitza then leveled things up before Ferner made a great save to keep out Ivan Buljan's chipped shot. Rudy Glenn then stepped up to beat Birkenmeier to become the first native North American to score a winning goal in a Soccer Bowl.
Joint captains Ingo Peter and Spalding proudly accepted the Championship Trophy from NASL Commissioner Phil Woosnam to confirm the Sting as the North American Soccer League champions for 1981.
Sting set US indoor attendance record
edit1981–82 (Indoor): A dramatic and high scoring season saw the club top the Central Division pipping the Tampa Bay Rowdies to the title in the final game of the regular season. A then record attendance for an indoor soccer game in North America of 19,398 saw the Sting come from 8–4 down to beat the Rowdies 10–9 in sudden death overtime.[15]
Chicago had topped the division for most of the season and remained undefeated in regular season play at the Chicago Stadium. Highlights en route to the title included the 10–3 defeat of the Montreal Manic, a 10–4 victory over the Tulsa Roughnecks and a 6–3 win against the New York Cosmos at home while on the road impressive 6–3 and 6–5 wins were recorded against, respectively, the Toronto Blizzard and Jacksonville Teamen.
Even more impressive were the growing attendances at the Chicago Stadium where the Sting were outdrawing the Chicago Bulls (NBA) and fast catching up with the crowds pulled in by the Chicago Blackhawks (NHL). Besides the record crowd of 19,398 for the Tampa Bay Rowdies game, 18,374 saw the New York Cosmos game, 13,000 turned out for the regular season game against the Tulsa Roughnecks while 16,000 attended the playoff game against the Oklahoma side.
It was against the Roughnecks that the Sting made an unexpected and early exit from the playoffs having been widely tipped to add the indoor crown to the Soccer Bowl trophy won the previous summer. The Sting lost the best of three game opener in Tulsa 5–4 but in a dramatic return at the Chicago Stadium the Sting turned a 6–1 deficit into a 7–6 victory, Karl-Heinz Granitza scoring the winner five minutes into sudden death overtime.
With the series tied at one game each a 15-minute mini-game followed. The Roughnecks took a three-goal lead, the Sting pulled a goal back but there was to be no dramatic comeback in this game as the Roughnecks advanced into round two of the playoffs with a 3–1 win to take the series by two games to one.[16]
Karl-Heinz Granitza finished the season as the league's second highest scorer (behind Julie Veee of the San Diego Sockers) with 35 goals and 36 assists. In the home game against the New York Cosmos on January 30 he scored a hat-trick, as the Sting won 5–3, extending his indoor scoring streak to 35 consecutive games. Three games earlier he had beaten the league's existing record of 32 in the 6–5 overtime win against the Jacksonville Teamen.
Defending champions fail to make playoffs
edit1982 (Outdoor): The possibility that the Sting would become the first defending champions to fail to make the playoffs since the Soccer Bowl's inauguration in 1975 was certainly far from anyone's minds when Chicago resumed NASL outdoor action in April. However, four straight losses in the opening month set the trend for what would become a topsy-turvy campaign.
The players had had little time to rest after a tough indoor season and the team and its management also had to adjust to a number of rule changes. First, the league had agreed to FIFA's demands that offside rule should apply from the half-way line and not the NASL's 35-yard line as had been the case since the league's inception. Second, the league insisted that clubs have at least four North Americans on the field at any one time. The Sting had sufficient players to do so but was left with a surfeit of foreign stars and David Huson and John Tyma – who had both played their part in the 1981 success – were traded to other teams.
The first win of the season came against the Tulsa Roughnecks at Wrigley Field on May 1 but that was just a brief respite as the Sting slumped to a further four defeats to end the month with a 1–7 record. Then remarkably Frantz Mathieu – a firm fan favourite – was traded to the Montreal Manic, with Gordon Hill coming the other way, making his return to Chicago after a seven-year absence.
A break from league action saw the Sting take part in the Trans-Atlantic Challenge Cup. After holding Nacional of Uruguay to a 0–0 tie and defeating Italian Seria A side Napoli 3–1 they lifted the trophy with a 4–3 victory against the New York Cosmos in front of 36,904 at Giants Stadium, New Jersey. But after winning the prestigious trophy it was back to NASL action and another defeat in a 3–0 reverse at the Seattle Sounders.
Defensive mistakes, poor officiating and continuing injury problems dogged the remainder of the season although the Chicagoans did manage a run of three straight wins to briefly keep alive hopes of making the playoffs. The Edmonton Drillers were beaten 3–2 at the start of July, followed by the Fort Launderdale Strikers 3–0 and a 2–1 shootout victory against the Tampa Bay Rowdies.
Those slim hopes finally came to end with a 3–1 loss at the New York Cosmos, followed, ironically, by two excellent performances that saw the Sting defeat the Toronto Blizzard 3–1 and the Montreal Manic 2–1, both at Comiskey Park, to close out the season, leaving the Sting with the worst win–loss record (13–19) in its history.
Sting debut in MISL
edit1982–83 (Indoor): In the fall of 1982 agreement was reached between the NASL and the MISL to allow three franchises – the San Diego Sockers, the San Jose Earthquakes and the Chicago Sting – to join the MISL for the upcoming 1982–83 indoor season. With a regular season stretching from November to mid-April and comprising 48 games per team (compared to just 18 games in the NASL Indoor League the previous season) the Chicagoans had effectively signed up to play two full seasons a year, of two very different types of soccer.
Even so, the Sting, who were assigned to the Eastern Division, acquitted themselves well taking place in a three-way race for the division title, with the veteran Cleveland Force and the Baltimore Blast, eventually finishing third, two games behind the Blast in first place, and one behind the Force in second place, with a 28–20 record.
In the first round of the playoffs experience was a telling factor at Cleveland eased into the next round winning the best-of-three series 5–9, 5–4 and 7–5.
Financial problems mount for NASL
edit1983 (Outdoor): An ongoing salary war between the NASL and the Major Indoor Soccer League was continuing to cause financial problems across the two leagues, and losses continued to pile up as the 1983 outdoor season got underway with just twelve teams (three down on 1982).[17]
An improved Sting side completed the season with a 15 win 15 loss record to take second place in the Eastern Conference – behind the New York Cosmos – and a place in the playoffs for the first time in two seasons. It would be a short lived playoff campaign, however, as the Sting went out at the first round stage losing the best-of-three series with the Golden Bay Earthquakes (formerly the San Jose Earthquakes) 6–1, 0–1 and 5–2.
Karl-Heinz Granitza was once again top scorer for the Sting – and the league's second highest scorer behind Roberto Cabanas of the New York Cosmos – with 15 goals and 18 assists (48 points), Ricardo Alonso was second with 16 goals and 15 assists (47 points) and Pato Margetic third with 12 goals and 8 assists (32 points).
Home attendances averaged 10,937, an improvement of 1,600 fans per game over the previous season, although still below the NASL average of just over 13,000 per fixture.
1984 NASL championship and departure
editEarlier in the year Sting ownership had requested a one-year leave of absence from the NASL, and were denied. With only a few games remaining in the season and still trying to qualify for the playoffs, Lee Stern announced that 1984 would be the Chicago Sting's NASL swan song. They, along with three other teams had been granted full admittance to the MISL.[18] Not only were they able to make the playoffs, but they defeated Vancouver in a three-game semifinal, to face Toronto for the title.
The Blizzard, who were now being run by former Sting President Clive Toye, were one of the franchises fighting to keep the NASL afloat. Though it was a battle, Chicago took game one of the series at Comiskey Park, 2–1 on a late goal by Manny Rojas. This gave the Roy's Sting the unique opportunity to earn a second league title in the same city as their first. This time they would be playing at the more intimate Varsity Stadium instead of Exhibition Stadium, the site of the Soccer Bowl '81 triumph. After 68 minutes Chicago had built a 2–0 lead on goals by Mark Simanton and Pato Margetic. Toronto stormed back by scoring two goals in a 1:30 span to level the match in the 73rd minute. With 8:27 remaining in regulation Margetic notched his 6th goal of the playoffs off a pass from Rojas. Chicago goalkeeper Victor Nogueira was impressive in both matches, especially in the final minutes and the Sting held on to win their second title in four years. Margetic, with three of Chicago's five goals, was named the MVP of the finals.[19]
In the immediate aftermath of the victory, Blizzard chairman Toye's actions were those of a sore loser. He refused to honor the long-standing tradition of entering the winning locker room to congratulate the victors. Toye followed that up by taking verbal jabs at Roy and Granitza in the press, referring to them as "cheats" and the Sting as "unworthy champions"[20] among other things. He also said that Toronto did not deserve to lose. Not surprisingly Granitza responded in-kind. In the end the lack of sportsmanship mattered little, as Chicago walked off into the sunset with the trophy and the NASL ceased operations the following year with Toye as its interim president.[21][22][23][24]
Off-field antics overshadow Sting's worst ever indoor season
edit1985–86 (Indoor): The season kicked off with the Chicago Sting able to boast that they were the oldest existing professional soccer franchise in the United States. When it concluded it did so with a 23–29 win–loss record for the Sting, the worst in the club's indoor history.
After six indoor seasons at the Chicago Stadium the club had moved to the Rosemont Horizon, a stadium in the northern Chicago suburbs, in a bid to attract more fans. It however had the opposite effect with average attendance falling by almost 1,500 to an all-time low 5,879.
Personnel issues also played their part in a poor season. Head Coach Willy Roy, who had led the Sting to two NASL titles, was replaced by his assistant Eric Geyer in late December, and Karl-Heinz Granitza, the club's all-time leading goalscorer, who at the beginning of the season had seen his annual salary cut by $100,000 to $65,000, was suspended indefinitely on March 21 after an argument with owner Lee Stern.
While results picked up after Geyer's appointment – despite the decision on January 12 to trade leading scorer for the season so far, Drago Dumbovic, to the Baltimore Blast – it was not enough to overcome a very poor start and the Sting failed to make the playoffs for the second season running.
Meanwhile, owner Lee Stern entered discussions with representatives of Halo Advertising Specialties that would see them initially become a minor shareholder but have a controlling interest in the franchise within two years, although this ultimately came to nothing.[25]
The Nickel Man (Joseph Vitell)
editIn 1988, Lee Stern stated after a leading 7-2 and finishing out on the bottom of the score card with a 8–7 loss against Kansas City that he would sell the team for a nickel. Joseph Vitell at the time 48 years old and an attorney took him up on the offer. Vitell gave Stern a nickel during the half time of the next game and sent a 5-cent check to the Stings office. Joseph Vitell has the record for cheapest professional sports team purchase.[26][27][28]
Sting withdraw from MISL
editThe Sting were experiencing financial challenges through the 1987–88 MISL season. In the spring of 1988, the owners explored the possibility of moving to Denver.[29]
A few weeks after the end of the 1987–88 season, in July 1988, owner Lee Stern announced that the Sting had withdrawn from the MISL, citing falling attendances, failure to find new investors and concerns that the league was on the verge of collapse.[30] Occurring the same week that the USA were awarded the 1994 World Cup Finals, Stern stated "Soccer will be back. With the World Cup coming to this country in 1994, interest will be high. The Sting will be involved somehow, some way".[31]
Potential Relaunch Of The Chicago Sting
editChicago Sting trademarks have been filed by soccer agent Scott Michaels for utilization in his newly established professional league, the National Soccer League.[32] Concurrently, a fundraising endeavor is set to commence on Wefunder,[33] a crowdfunding platform.
Year-by-year results
editOutdoor
edit| Year | Record | Regular-season finish | Playoffs | Avg. attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 12–10 | 2nd, Central Division | Did not qualify | 4,330 |
| 1976 | 15–9 | 1st, Northern Division, Atlantic Conference | Division Championships | 5,801 |
| 1977 | 10–16 | 4th, Northern Division, Atlantic Conference | Did not qualify | 5,199 |
| 1978 | 12–18 | 2nd, Central Division, American Conference | First round | 4,188 |
| 1979 | 16–14 | 2nd, Central Division, American Conference | American Conference Semifinals | 8,036 |
| 1980 | 21–11 | 1st, Central Division, American Conference | First round | 11,672 |
| 1981 | 23–9 | 1st, Central Division | NASL Champions | 12,889 |
| 1982 | 13–19 | 4th, Eastern Division | Did not qualify | 9,377 |
| 1983 | 15–15 | 2nd, Eastern Division | Quarterfinals | 10,937 |
| 1984 | 13–11 | 1st, Eastern Division | NASL Champions | 8,376 |
Indoor
edit| Season | League | Record | Regular-season finish | Playoffs | Avg. attendance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | NASL | 1–1 | (two-tiered, 12 team tournament) | did not advance | 1,700 |
| 1980–81 | NASL | 13–5 | 1st, Central Division | Runners-up | 6,164 |
| 1981–82 | NASL | 12–6 | 1st, Central Division | First round | 13,322 |
| 1982–83 | MISL | 28–20 | 3rd, Eastern Division | First round | 9,201 |
| 1983–84 | NASL | 20–12 | 2nd | First round | 11,974 |
| 1984–85 | MISL | 28–20 | 2nd, Eastern Division | First round | 10,628 |
| 1985–86 | MISL | 23–25 | 6th, Eastern Division | Did not qualify | 7,345 |
| 1986–87 | MISL | 23–29 | 5th, Eastern Division | Did not qualify | 5,879 |
| 1987–88 | MISL | 24–32 | 5th, Eastern Division | Did not qualify | 5,977 |
Honors
editHead coaches
editBill Foulkes (1975–1977)
Willy Roy (1977–1986)
Erich Geyer (1986–1988)
Bibliography
edit- Basil G. Kane. The Official Chicago Sting Book. Contemporary Books, Inc. ISBN 0-8092-5634-7.
References
edit- ^ a b "Opener for the Sting tonight (March 13, 1976)".
- ^ "NASL/North American Soccer League Championship". SoccerTimes.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
- ^ "Slow but steady". Sports Illustrated. Vol. 41, no. 22. 1974. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ "Lee Stern – A Most Happy Owner". Kick Magazine. 6 (19). NASL. 1981. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ "The Sting – A Brief History". Kick Magazine. 6 (19). NASL. 1981. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ Conklin, Mike (July 3, 1975). "Poles nip Sting 1–0 before 13,942 fans". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ "Sting beaten in OT, misses playoff berth". Chicago Tribune. August 11, 1975. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ Conklin, Mike (August 21, 1976). "Sting's sweet year comes to bitter end". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ Conklin, Mike (June 24, 1976). "28,000 see Pele; Sting wins". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011.
- ^ Milbert, Neil (June 21, 1977). "Foulkes resigns; Roy to lead Sting". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on July 15, 2012.
- ^ Milbert, Neil (August 26, 1977). "Toye to try to put kick back in Sting". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ Milbert, Neil (October 5, 1977). "Sting hires 'I go for goals' coach". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ Conklin, Mike (June 17, 1978). "Musgrove out as Sting coach". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
- ^ "Gemuetlichkeit In Chi". Sports Illustrated. Vol. 52, no. 26. 1981. Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ Conklin, Mike (February 15, 1982). "Record 19,398 watch Sting's latest miracle". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ Conklin, Mike (February 19, 1982). "Tulsa ousts Sting from playoffs with mini-game win". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "The Year in American Soccer: 1983". The American Soccer History Archives. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
- ^ "The Albany Herald – Google News Archive Search".
- ^ canadianblaster09 (July 26, 2012). "NASL Soccer Bowl 84 – Game 2 (Sting at Blizzard) – Postgame". Archived from the original on December 12, 2021 – via YouTube.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Ottawa Citizen – Google News Archive Search".
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- ^ Leptich, John (May 4, 1986). "Sting's season: Sour but not uneventful". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ Leptich, John (April 3, 1988). "LAWYER 'SERIOUS' IN STING BID". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
- ^ Tribune, Chicago Tribune | Chicago (April 2, 1988). "BY LIGHT OF DAY, 5-CENT PRICE IS STILL RIGHT FOR SINKING STING". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
- ^ Tribune, Chicago Tribune | Chicago (June 8, 1988). "OWNER STERN CLAIMS STING IS NEAR DEATH". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
- ^ Leptich, John (March 20, 1988). "If Sting Heads West, Halos Could Be Born". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 31, 2012.
- ^ Leptich, John (July 9, 1988). "Sting Quits Misl, But. . ". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ Leptich, John (July 10, 1988). "Stern Just Keeps Sting Step Ahead". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ ""Der Sting: Relaunching an Iconic Soccer Team in American History" – NATIONAL SOCCER LEAGUE". April 25, 2023.
- ^ https://wefunder.com/chicago.sting [bare URL]
- ^ "1982 TACC – Sting Captures Cup". Kick Magazine. 7 (14). NASL. 1982. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
- ^ "Hey Now, You're An All-Star". Kenn Tomasch. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
- ^ "Steve Dimitry's NASL Web Page".
- ^ "Hall of Famers". indoorsoccerhall.com. September 1, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2021.
- ^ Henderson, Jim (April 21, 1981). "For Keith Bailey, The Long Wait Is Finally Over". The Tampa Tribune. p. 5-C. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
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- ^ "NASL all-stars". Chicago Tribune. April 10, 1984. p. 4; sec 4. Retrieved January 12, 2017.