Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (Ancient Greek: Διόδωρος, romanized: Diódōros; fl. 1st century BC) was an ancient Greek historian from Sicily. He is known for writing the monumental universal history Bibliotheca historica, in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact,[1] between 60 and 30 BC. The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. Bibliotheca, meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors.
Diodorus Siculus | |
|---|---|
Diodorus Siculus as depicted in a 19th-century fresco | |
| Native name | Διόδωρος |
| Born | fl. 1st century BC Agira, Sicily |
| Language | Ancient Greek |
| Genre | History |
| Notable works | Bibliotheca historica |
Life
editAccording to his own work, he was born in Agyrium in Sicily (now called Agira).[2] With one exception, antiquity affords no further information about his life and doings beyond his written works. Only Jerome, in his Chronicon under the "year of Abraham 1968" (49 BC), writes, "Diodorus of Sicily, a writer of Greek history, became illustrious". However, his English translator, Charles Henry Oldfather, remarks on the "striking coincidence"[3] that one of only two known Greek inscriptions from Agyrium (Inscriptiones Graecae XIV, 588) is the tombstone of one "Diodorus, the son of Apollonius" (“Διόδωρος ∙ Ἀπολλωνίου”) .[4][5] The final work attributed to him is from 21 BC.[6]
Work
editDiodorus' universal history, which he named Bibliotheca historica (Ancient Greek: Βιβλιοθήκη Ἱστορική, "Historical Library"), was immense and consisted of 40 books, of which 1–5 and 11–20 survive:[7] fragments of the lost books are preserved in Photius and the Excerpts of Constantine Porphyrogenitus.
It was divided into three sections. The first six books treated the mythic history of the non-Hellenic and Hellenic tribes to the destruction of Troy and are geographical in theme, and describe the history and culture of Ancient Egypt (book I), of Mesopotamia, India, Scythia, and Arabia (II), of North Africa (III), and of Greece and Europe (IV–VI).
In the next section (books VII–XVII), he recounts the history of the world from the Trojan War down to the death of Alexander the Great. The last section (books XVII to the end) concerns the historical events from the successors of Alexander down to either 60 BC or the beginning of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. (The end has been lost, so it is unclear whether Diodorus reached the beginning of the Gallic War as he promised at the beginning of his work or, as evidence suggests, old and tired from his labours, he stopped short at 60 BC.) He selected the name "Bibliotheca" in acknowledgment that he was assembling a composite work from many sources. Identified authors on whose works he drew include Hecataeus of Abdera, Ctesias of Cnidus, Ephorus, Theopompus, Hieronymus of Cardia, Duris of Samos, Diyllus, Philistus, Timaeus, Polybius, and Posidonius.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Usher 1969, p. 235.
- ^ Diod. History 1.4.4.
- ^ Oldfather, Charles Henry (1977). "Introduction". Diodorus of Sicily In Twelve Volumes.
- ^ Stronk, Jan P. (2010). Ctesias' Persian History: Introduction, text, and translation by Ctesias. p. 60.
- ^ "IG XIV 588 - PHI Greek Inscriptions". epigraphy.packhum.org. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Diodorus Siculus - Greek historian". Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ "Diodorus Siculus". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 April 2018.
Bibliography
edit- Ambaglio, Dino; Landucci Gattinoni, Franca; Bravi, Luigi (2008). Diodoro Siculo: Biblioteca storica: commento storico: introduzione generale. Storia. Ricerche (in Italian). Milano: V&P. pp. x, 145. ISBN 9788834315842.
- Buckley, Terry (1996). Aspects of Greek History 750-323 BC: A Source-based Approach. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-09958-7.
- Diodorus Siculus (1935). Library of History: Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Oldfather, C. H. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.
- Diodorus Siculus; H. Valesius; I. Rhodomannus; F. Ursinus (1814). The Historical Library of Diodorus the Sicilian in Fifteen Books to which are added the Fragments of Diodorus. Translated by G. Booth. London: J. Davis – via Google Books.
- Diodori Siculi (1798). Peter Wesseling; L. Rhodoman; G. Heyn; N. Eyring (eds.). Bibliothecae Historicae Libri Qui Supersunt: Nova Editio (in Ancient Greek and Latin). Argentorati: Societas Bipontina – via Internet Archive.
- Usher, Stephen (1969). The Historians of Greece and Rome. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0-2410-1527-8.
Further reading
edit- Ambaglio, Delfino. 1995. La Biblioteca storica di Diodoro Siculo. Problemi e metodo. Como: Edizioni New Press.
- Braithwaite-Westoby, Kara. "Diodorus and the Alleged Revolts of 374–373 BCE," Classical Philology 115, no. 2 (April 2020): 265–270.
- Clarke, Katherine. 1999. "Universal perspectives in Historiography." In The Limits of Historiography: Genre and Narrative in Ancient Historical Texts. Edited by Christina Shuttleworth Kraus, 249–279. Mnemosyne. Supplementum 191. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
- Hammond, Nicholas G. L. 1998. "Portents, Prophecies, and Dreams in Diodorus' Books 14–17." Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 39.4: 407–428.
- Hau, Lisa Irene, Alexander Meeus, and Brian Sheridan (eds.). 2018. Diodoros of Sicily: Historiographical Theory and Practice in the Bibliotheke. Peeters: Leuven.
- Laqueur, Richard. 1992. Diodors Geschichtswerk – Die Überlieferung von Buch I-V. Frankfurt am Main.
- McQueen, Earl I. 1995. Diodorus Siculus. The Reign of Philip II: The Greek and Macedonian Narrative from Book XVI. A Companion. London: Bristol Classical Press.
- Muntz, Charles E. 2017. Diodorus Siculus and the World of the Late Roman Republic. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
- Rathmann, Michael. 2016. Diodor und seine „Bibliotheke“. Weltgeschichte aus der Provinz. Berlin: de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-048144-0.
- Rubincam, Catherine. 1987. "The Organization and Composition of Diodorus' Bibliotheke." Échos du monde classique (= Classical views) 31:313–328.
- Sacks, Kenneth S. 1990. Diodorus Siculus and the First Century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
- Sinclair, Robert K. 1963. "Diodorus Siculus and the Writing of History." Proceedings of the African Classical Association 6:36–45.
- Stronk, Jan P. 2017. Semiramis' Legacy. The History of Persia According to Diodorus of Sicily. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
- Sulimani, Iris. 2008. "Diodorus' Source-Citations: A Turn in the Attitude of Ancient Authors Towards their Predecessors?" Athenaeum 96.2: 535–567.
- Wirth, Gerhard. 2007. Katastrophe und Zukunftshoffnung. Mutmaßungen zur zweiten Hälfte von Diodors Bibliothek und ihren verlorenen Büchern. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, ISBN 978-3-7001-3723-8.
External links
edit- Greek original works
Greek Wikisource has original text related to this article: Ιστορική Βιβλιοθήκη
- Diodorus Siculus. "Library" (in Ancient Greek). Perseus Digital Library. Books 1–5 only. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- "The Library of History" (in Ancient Greek). LacusCurtius. Books 6–10 only. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- Diodorus Siculus. "Library" (in Ancient Greek). Perseus Digital Library. Books 9–17 only. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- English translations
- Works by Diodorus Siculus at Project Gutenberg
- Diodorus Siculus. "The Library of History". Translated by C. H. Oldfather; C. L. Sherman; C. Bradford Welles; Russel M. Geer; F. R. Walton. LacusCurtius. Books 1–32 only. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- Diodorus Siculus. "Library". Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Theoi E-Texts Library. Books 4–6 only. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
- Diodorus Siculus. "Library". Translated by C. H. Oldfather. Perseus Digital Library. Books 9–17 only. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
- Diodorus Siculus. "Historical Library". Translated by Andrew Smith. Attalus.org. Books 33–40 only. Retrieved 7 February 2014.