Wikipedia

List of Chicago blues musicians

Chicago blues is a form of blues music developed in Chicago, Illinois, in the 1950s, in which the basic instrumentation of Delta blues—acoustic guitar and harmonica—is augmented with electric guitar, amplified bass guitar, drums, piano, harmonica played with a microphone and an amplifier, and sometimes saxophone. The best-known Chicago blues musicians include singer-songwriters and bandleaders Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, and Willie Dixon; guitar players such as Elmore James, Luther Allison, and Buddy Guy; and harp (blues slang for harmonica) players such as Little Walter, Paul Butterfield, and Charlie Musselwhite. Since the 1960s, the Chicago blues style and sound has spread around the US, the UK and beyond.

Guitarist Buddy Guy performing at the Bonnaroo Music Festival in 2006


A

edit

B

edit

C

edit

D

edit
  • Lester Davenport (January 16, 1932, Tchula, Mississippi – March 17, 2009). Moved to Chicago in 1945. Electric Chicago blues harmonica player and vocalist, sometimes called Mad Dog Davenport. He recorded his first album in 1991 for Earwig Music. He recorded I Smell a Rat for Delmark Records in 2002.[43]
  • Blind John Davis (December 7, 1913, Hattiesburg, Mississippi – October 12, 1985). Accomplished blues, jazz, and boogie-woogie pianist who recorded with Sonny Boy Williamson, Tampa Red, Big Bill Broonzy, Merline Johnson and others.[44]
  • Jimmy Dawkins (October 24, 1936, Tchula, Mississippi – April 10, 2013). Moved to Chicago in 1955. Guitarist and vocalist and a fixture of the modern electric Chicago blues scene. His first album, Fast Fingers, was recorded in 1969 for Delmark Records, for which he recorded several others. He also recorded for the Earwig Music and other labels.[45]
  • Detroit Junior (October 26, 1931 – August 9, 2005). Born Emery Williams Jr in Haynes, Arkansas, he was a pianist, vocalist and songwriter. He is known for songs such as "So Unhappy", "Call My Job", "If I Hadn't Been High", "Ella" and "Money Tree". His songs have been recorded by Koko Taylor and Albert King among others.[46]
  • Bo Diddley (December 30, 1928, McComb, Mississippi – June 2, 2008). Guitarist and vocalist who performed electric Chicago blues, rock and roll and rhythm and blues. He had a long career, beginning in the 1950s. He recorded well over twenty albums for Checker Records, Chess Records, Atlantic Records and other labels.[47]
  • Willie Dixon (July 1, 1915, Vicksburg, Mississippi – January 29, 1992). Double bassist, singer, songwriter, record producer and guitarist, a key figure in the acoustic and electric Chicago blues scene. He was involved in helping start the careers of Bo Diddley and Muddy Waters, to name only two. He recorded for numerous labels. He also performed jump blues and would sometimes sing jive.[48]
  • Lefty Dizz (April 29, 1937, Osceola, Arkansas – September 7, 1993) Born Walter Williams in Osceola, Arkansas, and before his four-year tour of duty in the U.S. Air Force ended in 1956, Lefty began to play the guitar. When he returned to Chicago later that year, he came under the tutelage of Lacy Gibson and Earl Hooker. In 1958, Lefty joined Sonny Thompson's road band, playing rhythm 'n' blues throughout the country. During a gig in Seattle, a left-handed teenage guitarist named Jimi Hendrix, hung out with, and was influenced by, Lefty Dizz. In 1960, Lefty moved to Detroit, where he remained for four years, working with Junior Cannady and John Lee Hooker. From 1964 to 1971, Lefty worked with Junior Wells, during which time they toured the U.S., Canada, Africa, Europe, Southeast Asia, the Fiji Islands and Indonesia. Lefty then joined Hound Dog Taylor and the Houserockers, performing extensively until Hound Dog's passing in late 1975. He then formed his own band, Lefty Dizz and Shock Treatment. His most well-known compositions include "Bad Avenue", "I Found Out", If I Could Just Get My Hands on What I Got My Eyes On", Funny Acting Woman", "Somebody Stole My Christmas" and "Ain't It Nice to be Loved". Lefty Dizz died from esophageal cancer on September 7, 1993, at age 56, in Chicago.[49]
 
Champion Jack Dupree

E

edit

F

edit
  • Paul Filipowicz (born March 24, 1950). Singer, guitarist, harmonica player and songwriter.[54] A 2015 inductee to the Chicago Blues Hall of Fame.[55]
  • Billy Flynn (born August 11, 1956). Electric guitarist, singer and songwriter.[56]
  • "Baby Face" Leroy Foster (February 1, 1923 – May 26, 1958). Singer, guitarist, and drummer.[57]
  • Little Willy Foster (April 5 or April 20, 1922 – November 25, 1987). Harmonica player, singer, and songwriter.[58]
  • Steve Freund (born July 20, 1952). Guitarist, singer, bandleader and record producer.[59]

G

edit

H

edit
  • Harmonica Hinds (born January 4, 1945, Trinidad). Considered one of the most talented Chicago blues musicians, having played with many blues artists for more than five decades. He is still active on the Chicago blues scene.[69]
  • Shakey Jake Harris (April 12, 1921, Earle, Arkansas – March 2, 1990). Singer, harmonica player and songwriter, long associated with his nephew, Magic Sam.[70]
  • Homesick James (April 30, 1910 [uncertain] – December 13, 2006). Slide guitarist. Elmore James was his cousin.[71]
  • Earl Hooker (January 15, 1930, Clarksdale, Mississippi – April 21, 1970). Moved to Chicago with his family in the early 1940s. Slide guitarist who left an indelible mark on the Chicago blues. Having learning the rudiments of slide guitar from Robert Nighthawk, he joined Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm in 1949 and toured the South. He returned to Chicago in the mid-1950s and became much in demand as a session player, recording with artists like Pinetop Perkins, Muddy Waters and his cousin, John Lee Hooker.[72]
  • Big Walter Horton (April 6, 1921, Horn Lake, Mississippi – December 8, 1981). Also known as Shakey Walter Horton, he was one of the better-known harmonica players of his day. He played the gamut, including Memphis blues, Chicago blues, juke joint blues and harmonica blues. He played both acoustic and amplified harmonica and was also a singer.[73]
  • Howlin' Wolf[74] (June 10, 1910 – January 10, 1976). Singer, guitarist and harmonica player.[75]
  • J. B. Hutto (April 26, 1926 – June 12, 1983). Guitarist and singer.[76]

I

edit
  • Daniel Ivankovich (Chicago Slim) (born November 23, 1963). Founding member of the Chicago Blues All-Stars. He has performed and recorded with many Chicago blues musicians, including Otis Rush, Magic Slim and Junior Wells.[77] He is also an orthopedic surgeon and a co-founder and medical director of OnePatient-Global Health Initiative, an organization that provides medical care to the poor in Chicago and abroad.[78]

J

edit

K

edit

L

edit

M

edit
  • Willie Mabon (October 24, 1925 – April 19, 1985). Pianist, singer-songwriter.[111]
  • Magic Sam (February 14, 1937 – December 1, 1969). Guitarist and singer.[112]
  • Liz Mandeville. Singer-songwriter, guitarist, rubboard player, music producer, owner of the record label Blue Kitty Music.[113]
  • Earring George Mayweather (September 27, 1928 – February 12, 1995). Born in Montgomery, Alabama, United States. Although he only recorded a single solo album, Mayweather's harmonica work appeared on recordings by J. B. Hutto and Eddie Taylor.[114]
  • Holle Thee Maxwell (born October 17, 1945, Chicago). Singer-songwriter with a six-decade career.[115] She is known for her command of a wide range of genres. She replaced Tina Turner as vocalist with Ike Turner's band. Bobby Bland used one of the songs she wrote for his critically acclaimed album Come Fly with Me.
  • L. C. McKinley (October 22, 1918 – January 19, 1970). Guitarist.[116]
  • Andrew "Blueblood" McMahon (April 12, 1926 – February 17, 1984). Bass guitarist, singer-songwriter.[117] McMahon played bass guitar in Howlin' Wolf's backing ensemble for over a decade. He also backed a number of other Chicago-based blues musicians on record.[117]
 
Matt Murphy in 2011

N

edit

O

edit

P

edit

R

edit

S

edit
 
Hubert Sumlin

T

edit

W

edit

Y

edit

See also

edit

Further reading

edit
  • Allmusic
  • Keil, Charles (1991) [1966]. Urban Blues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-42960-1.

References

edit
  1. ^ Skelly, Richard J. "Alberta Adams Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
  2. ^ "Linsey Alexander: Been There Done That". ChicagoBluesGuide.com. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  3. ^ Harris, Sheldon (1991). Blues who's who : a biographical dictionary of blues singers. New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press. pp. 30–33. ISBN 0306801558.
  4. ^ Paul Oliver (1984). Blues off the record: thirty years of blues commentary. Baton Press. pp. 103–106. ISBN 978-0-88254-751-0.
  5. ^ Linda Cain. "Chicago blues guitarist Vernon "Chico" Banks dies at age 47". Chicagobluesguide.com. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
  6. ^ Hanson, Karen (2007). Today's Chicago Blues (1st ed.). Chicago: Lake Claremont Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-1-893121-19-5.
  7. ^ Yanow, Scott (2013). The Great Jazz Guitarists. San Francisco: Backbeat. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-61713-023-6.
  8. ^ "Barrelhouse Chuck, dead at 58, celebrated Chicago blues, and enriched it, too". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 14, 2016.
  9. ^ Jensen, Trevor (April 19, 2007). "William H. 'Lefty' Bates: 1920–2007". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
  10. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 90. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  11. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  12. ^ Dahl, Bill. "Buster Benton: Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
  13. ^ David Dicaire (November 5, 2015). More Blues Singers. McFarland & Company. p. 57. ISBN 9780786462421.
  14. ^ Grossman, Stefan (2007). Stefan Grossman's Early Masters of American Blues Guitar: Country Blues. Alfred Music Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7390-4281-6.
  15. ^ Ward, Ed, 1948-. Michael Bloomfield : the rise and fall of an American guitar hero. Chicago, Illinois. ISBN 978-1-61373-329-5. OCLC 948671118.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Komara, Edward (2005). Encyclopedia of the Blues. Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 978-0203950722.
  17. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 94–95. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  18. ^ Herzhaft, Gérard (1997). Encyclopedia of the Blues. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. p. 38. ISBN 1-55728-452-0.
  19. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 95. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  20. ^ Jevens, Darel (April 2, 2017). "Chicago Bluesman Lonnie Brooks Dies at 83". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
  21. ^ "Ronnie Baker Brooks Biography". Thehistorymakers.com. August 17, 2005. Retrieved March 20, 2012.
  22. ^ Westergaard, Sean (April 30, 1970). "Wayne Baker Brooks – Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
  23. ^ Riesman, Robert (2011). I Feel So Good: The Life and Times of Big Bill Broonzy. University of Chicago Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-226-71745-6. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
  24. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  25. ^ Skelly, Richard. "George "Mojo" Buford: Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  26. ^ "Mojo Buford, Former Muddy Waters Harmonica Player, Has Passed". Ameriblues.com. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  27. ^ Hanson, Karen (2007). Today's Chicago Blues. Chicago: Lake Claremont Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-893121-19-5.
  28. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 97–98. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  29. ^ Erlewine, Michael (1996). "Paul Butterfield Blues Band". In Erlewine, Michael (ed.). All Music Guide to the Blues: The Experts' Guide to the Best Blues Recordings. All Music Guide to the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. p. 41/2. ISBN 0-87930-424-3.
  30. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 98. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  31. ^ Eagle, Bob; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). Blues - A Regional Experience. Santa Barbara: Praeger Publishers. p. 75. ISBN 978-0313344237.
  32. ^ Lipkin, Marc. "Chicago Bluesman Toronzo Cannon Signs With Alligator Records" Alligator Records. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016
  33. ^ "Leonard Caston | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  34. ^ Eileen Quaranto (August 1, 2013). "Chicago Blues All-Stars: Red, Hot & Blue Review". Blues Rock Review. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
  35. ^ Ellis, Tom; Aldrin, Katherine. "William Clarke (1951–1996) – In Memory". Blues Access. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  36. ^ Price, Emmett George (2011). Encyclopedia of African American Music, Volume 3 (1st ed.). Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-313-34199-1.
  37. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 102. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  38. ^ Garth Cartwright (August 7, 2008). "Colin Cooper Founding member of the Climax Blues Band". The Guardian. London. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
  39. ^ Jason Birchmeier (June 24, 1956). "Michael Coleman | Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  40. ^ Obrecht, Jas, ed. (1993). Blues Guitar: The Men Who Made the Music. 2nd ed. Miller Freeman Books. pp. 246–259. ISBN 0-87930-292-5.
  41. ^ Palmer, Robert (1992). "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, Present Tense. Duke University Press. pp. 24–27. ISBN 0-8223-1265-4.
  42. ^ Szatmary, David (2013). Rockin' in Time. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson. 8th edition, ISBN 978-0205936243
  43. ^ Bill Dahl. "Lester Davenport | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved January 26, 2016.
  44. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books Limited. pp. 105–06. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  45. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 106. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  46. ^ "Detroit Junior Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More". AllMusic. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
  47. ^ Edmondson, Jacqueline (2013). Music in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories That Shaped Our Culture. ABC/Clio. p. 346.
  48. ^ Dicaire, David (1999). Blues Singers: Biographies of 50 Legendary Artists of the Early 20th Century. McFarland. p. 87. ISBN 0-7864-0606-2.
  49. ^ Milano, Dean (n.d.). The Chicago Music Scene: 1960s and 1970s. ISBN 9780738577296. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  50. ^ Hanson, Karen (2007). Today's Chicago Blues (1st ed.). Chicago: Lake Claremont Press. pp. 145–6. ISBN 978-1-893121-19-5.
  51. ^ Hanson, Karen (2007). Today's Chicago Blues. Chicago: Lake Claremont Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-893121-19-5.
  52. ^ "Champion Jack Dupree, Jazz Pianist, 82". The New York Times. January 22, 1992. Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  53. ^ Edward Komara; Peter Lee (July 2004). The Blues Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-135-95832-9.
  54. ^ "Bluesletter : Washington Blues Society" (PDF). Wablues.org. October 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  55. ^ "Big City Blues". Bigcitybluesmag.com. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  56. ^ Hanson, Karen (2007). Today's Chicago Blues (1st ed.). Chicago: Lake Claremont Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-893121-19-5.
  57. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  58. ^ Komara, Edward M. (2006). Blues Encyclopedia. p. 342. ISBN 0-415-92699-8. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  59. ^ Greg Prato (July 20, 1952). "Steve Freund | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
  60. ^ Herzhaft, Gérard; et al. (1997). Encyclopedia of the Blues. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. p. 75. ISBN 1-55728-452-0.
  61. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 113. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  62. ^ O'Neal, Jim. "Low Blows: Chicago Harmonica Blues". AllMusic. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
  63. ^ Ryan Olsen (2006). "Jimmie Gordon". In Komara, Edward (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Blues. New York: Routledge. p. 640. ISBN 978-0-415-92699-7. OL 7496252M.
  64. ^ "Jimmie Gordon | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
  65. ^ Larkin, Colin (1998). The Virgin Encyclopedia of the Blues. Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0753502266.
  66. ^ Tomko, Gene (2020). Encyclopedia of Louisiana Musicians: Jazz, Blues, Cajun, Creole, Zydeco, Swamp Pop, and Gospel. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. p. 120. ISBN 9780807169322.
  67. ^ Dahl, Bill. "Phil Guy: Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  68. ^ "Steve Guyger: Blue Collar Blues, Part I: Building A Foundation". Bluesart.at. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
  69. ^ DeKoster, Jim (December 2008). "Harmonica Hinds Finally". Living Blues. 39.6 (198). Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  70. ^ Dahl, Bill. "Shakey Jake Harris: Biography". AllMusic.com. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  71. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. pp. 617/8. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
  72. ^ Eagle, Bob; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). Blues: A Regional Experience. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. p. 198. ISBN 978-0313344237.
  73. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 238-9. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  74. ^ a b Gilliland, John (1969). "The Tribal Drum: The Rise of Rhythm and Blues" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries. Show 4.
  75. ^ Obrecht, Jas (2000). Rollin' and Tumblin': The Postwar Blues Guitarists. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-87930-613-7.
  76. ^ Russell, T.; Smith, S. (2006). The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings. London: Penguin Books. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-14-051384-4.
  77. ^ Barry Kerzner, "Killer Ray Allison and Chicago Blues All Stars Among 2015 Chicago Blues Hall of Fame Inductees," Archived 2016-08-16 at the Wayback Machine chicagoblues.com, October 3, 2015.
  78. ^ "CNN Heroes: Meet Top 10 CNN Hero Dr. Daniel Ivankovich," CNN, December 5, 2015.
  79. ^ "Illustrated Lee Jackson discography". Wirz.de. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  80. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  81. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 125. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  82. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 126. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  83. ^ Cub Koda. "Luther "Snake Boy" Johnson | Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  84. ^ Wynn, Ron. "L.V. Johnson". AllMusic. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  85. ^ Pruter, Robert (March 28, 1992). Chicago Soul. University of Illinois Press. p. 255. ISBN 9780252062599 – via Google Books.
  86. ^ Rowe, M. (1981). Chicago Blues: The City and the Music. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0306801457
  87. ^ "Johnny "Yard Dog" Jones" (PDF). Earwigmusic.com. October 4, 2010. Retrieved September 15, 2015.
  88. ^ Eagle, Bob; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). Blues - A Regional Experience. Santa Barbara: Praeger Publishers. p. 226. ISBN 978-0313344237.
  89. ^ Komara, Edward M. (October 24, 2006). Encyclopedia of the Blues. Psychology Press. p. 547. ISBN 9780415926997. Retrieved October 24, 2020 – via Google Books.
  90. ^ Downing, Andy (November 10, 2006). "Tail Dragger Has Paid Dues to Sing Blues". Articles.chicagotribune.com. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  91. ^ Skelly, Richard. "E.G. Kight - Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
  92. ^ Eagle, Bob L.; LeBlanc, Eric S. (May 1, 2013). Blues: A Regional Experience. ABC-CLIO. p. 165. ISBN 9780313344244.
  93. ^ "The Dead Rock Stars Club – The 1980s". Thedeadrockstarsclub.com. Retrieved December 10, 2019.
  94. ^ Herzhaft, Gérard (1997). Encyclopedia of the Blues (2nd ed.). Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. p. 126. ISBN 1-55728-452-0.
  95. ^ O'Neal, Jim. "Big Daddy Kinsey – Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  96. ^ "Donald Kinsey | Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
  97. ^ "Chicago Blues Hall of Fame : Artists inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame on October 15th. 2017". Blueshalloffame.com. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
  98. ^ Chadbourne, Eugene. "Sammy Lawhorn". Allmusic. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
  99. ^ "Living Blues Living Blues #281: Obituaries". Digital.livingblues.com. Retrieved July 12, 2024.
  100. ^ Komara, Edward (2006). Encyclopedia of the Blues. New York: Routledge. p. 585. ISBN 0-415-92699-8.
  101. ^ Erlewine, Michael. Sam Lay biography at AllMusic
  102. ^ Jensen, Trevor. "Bonnie Lee: 1931–2006". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  103. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 133–134. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  104. ^ Herzhaft, Gérard (1997). Encyclopedia of the Blues (2nd ed.). Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. p. 126. ISBN 1-55728-452-0.
  105. ^ Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music. Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 181. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  106. ^ Glover, Tony; Dirks, Scott; and Gaines, Ward (2002). Blues with a Feeling: The Little Walter Story. Routledge Press.
  107. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  108. ^ Ryan Olsen (2006). Komara, Edward (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Blues. New York: Routledge. p. 640. ISBN 978-0-415-92699-7. OL 7496252M.
  109. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Fourth ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1541. ISBN 9780195313734.
  110. ^ a b "Willie James Lyons | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  111. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 139. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  112. ^ Palmer, Robert (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  113. ^ Hanson, Karen (2007). Today's Chicago Blues. Chicago, IL: Lake Claremont Press. pp. 41, 99, 157. ISBN 9781893121195.
  114. ^ Edward Komara; Peter Lee (July 2004). The Blues Encyclopedia. p. 664. ISBN 9781135958329. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
  115. ^ Milionis, Kelly (October 9, 2015). "Fifth Annual Chicago Blues Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony at Buddy Guy's Legends". Chicago Music Magazine. Chicago Music Magazine, LLC. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  116. ^ Leggett, Steve. "L.C. McKinley – Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2013.
  117. ^ a b Komara, Edward M. (December 9, 2006). Encyclopedia of the Blues. Psychology Press. p. 672. ISBN 9780415926997.
  118. ^ Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music. Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 181. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  119. ^ Giles Oakley (1997). The Devil's Music. Da Capo Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-306-80743-5.
  120. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 148. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  121. ^ Torreano, Bradley. "Nick Moss – Music Biography, Credits and Discography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  122. ^ Kreps, Daniel (June 16, 2018). "Blues Brothers Guitarist Matt 'Guitar' Murphy Dead at 88". Rolling Stone. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
  123. ^ Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 181. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  124. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  125. ^ Eagle, Bob L.; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). Blues: A Regional Experience. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-313-34424-4. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
  126. ^ Erlewine, Michael. "Odie Payne". AllMusic. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
  127. ^ Hugh Hart (February 13, 1992). "Big time Dion Payton's 'rockin' blues' style garners him a major-label record deal". Chicago Tribune. p. 8. Retrieved June 22, 2010.[dead link‍]
  128. ^ "Morris Pejoe Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More". AllMusic. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  129. ^ "Blues Pianist Pinetop Perkins Dies Aged 97". BBC News. March 22, 2011.
  130. ^ "Brewer Phillips". AllMusic. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
  131. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (1997). The Virgin Encyclopedia of Popular Music (Concise ed.). Virgin Books. p. 981. ISBN 1-85227-745-9.
  132. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 158. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  133. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 76–77. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  134. ^ Field, Kim (2000). Harmonicas, Harps and Heavy Breathers: The Evolution of the People's Instrument. Cooper Square Press. pp. 313–317. ISBN 9781461661023.
  135. ^ a b c d e f Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music. Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 181. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
  136. ^ Steve Krakow (February 26, 2019). "Freddie Roulette is one of the few lap steel guitarists in the blues". Chicagoreader.com. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  137. ^ Harris, Sheldon (1994). Blues who's who : a biographical dictionary of blues singers. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80155-8. OCLC 469533427.
  138. ^ "World Championship Old-Time Piano Playing Contest". Archived from the original on July 18, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
  139. ^ John Bush. "Ken Saydak | Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  140. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  141. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 165–166. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  142. ^ "Billboard". Nielsen Business Media, Inc. February 12, 2000. p. 38. Retrieved March 24, 2022 – via Google Books. Corky Siegel, the Chicago blues harmonica and piano player who fronted the legendary Siegel-Schwall Band in the '60s and '70s...
  143. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. pp. 166–167. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  144. ^ Krampert, Peter (March 23, 2016). The Encyclopedia of the Harmonica. Mel Bay Publications. p. 161. ISBN 978-0786658954.
  145. ^ "Matthew Skoller". Matthewskoller.com. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  146. ^ Dahl, Bill. "Barkin' Bill: Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
  147. ^ Komara, Edward M. (2006). Encyclopedia of the Blues. Psychology Press. p. 896. ISBN 0415926998.
  148. ^ Shurman, Dick; Iglauer, Bruce (2010). Obituary. Juke Blues no. 70. p. 60.
  149. ^ Browning, Janet. "Otis 'Big Smokey' Smothers". Mississippi Writers & Musicians. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
  150. ^ Bill Dahl (May 21, 1963). "Dave Specter | Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  151. ^ Rowe, M. (1981). Chicago Blues: The City and the Music. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0306801457.
  152. ^ Cushing, Steve (2019). Blues Before Sunrise 2: Interviews from the Chicago Scene. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0252084652.
  153. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues - From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books Limited. pp. 169–70. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  154. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 170. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  155. ^ Oliver, Paul (1984). Blues Off the Record: Thirty Years of Blues Commentary. New York: Da Capo. pp. 201–203. ISBN 0-306-80321-6.
  156. ^ Giles Oakley (1997). The Devil's Music. Da Capo Press. p. 175/6. ISBN 978-0-306-80743-5.
  157. ^ a b Eagle, Bob L.; LeBlanc, Eric S. (May 1, 2013). Blues: A Regional Experience. ABC-CLIO. p. 76. ISBN 9780313344244. Retrieved March 8, 2019 – via Google Books.
  158. ^ Giles Oakley (1997). The Devil's Music. Da Capo Press. p. 226. ISBN 978-0-306-80743-5.
  159. ^ Keepnews, Peter (June 4, 2009) "Koko Taylor, Queen of Chicago Blues, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times.
  160. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 175. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  161. ^ Tony Russell (February 3, 2000). "Big Moose Walker". The Guardian. London. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
  162. ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 180. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
  163. ^ O'Neal, Jim. "Valerie Wellington". AllMusic. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
  164. ^ Dahl, Bill (1996). "Junior Wells". In Erlewine, Michael (ed.). All Music Guide to the Blues: The Experts' Guide to the Best Blues Recordings. All Music Guide to the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. pp. 274–276. ISBN 0-87930-424-3.
  165. ^ Dahl, Bill. "Big Wheeler". AllMusic. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  166. ^ "James Wheeler Biography, Songs, & Albums". AllMusic. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
  167. ^ "Big Joe Williams". Thebluestrail.com. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
  168. ^ Rowe, M. (1981). Chicago Blues: The City and the Music. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0306801457.
  169. ^ Chadbourne, Eugene (April 18, 1955). "Lil' Ed Williams | Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved January 27, 2014.
  170. ^ Mandel, Howard, ed. (2005). The Billboard Illustrated Encyclopedia of Jazz & Blues. Billboard Books. pp. 91, 107. ISBN 0-8230-8266-0.
  171. ^ "Sonny Boy Williamson". Mississippi Blues Trail. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
  172. ^ Harris, S. (1981). Blues Who's Who. New York: Da Capo Press. pp. 589–590. ISBN 978-0306801556
  173. ^ Robert Palmer (1981). Deep Blues. Penguin Books. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-14-006223-6.
  174. ^ "Mighty Joe Young". Allaboutjazz.com. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  175. ^ Linda Seida (January 21, 1948). "Zora Young | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved October 7, 2015.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Chicago_blues_musicians&oldid=1261949398"