Wikipedia

List of dynasties

This article is about a list of monarchical dynasties. For a list of prominent families in politics, see List of political families.

This is a list of monarchical dynasties and dynastic regimes organized by geographic region. Extant dynasties are rendered in bold and highlighted.

General information

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Criteria for inclusion

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This list includes defunct and extant monarchical dynasties of sovereign and non-sovereign statuses at the national and subnational levels. Monarchical polities each ruled by a single family—that is, a dynasty, although not explicitly styled as such, like the Golden Horde and the Qara Qoyunlu—are included. Dynasties had/have assumed power in various types of monarchical entities, from loose hereditary tribal units to multinational dynastic empires.

While most dynasties were/are reckoned through the male line, the relatively uncommon cases of dynasties formed through matrilineal succession, such as the Rain Queen dynasty, are also listed.

Although thrones could theoretically be rotated among several families in elective monarchies, some entities consistently elected/elect their rulers from the same family, effectively functioning as hereditary monarchies controlled by dynasties. For example, the Holy Roman Empire was de jure an elective monarchy, but came under the de facto hereditary rule of the House of Habsburg from AD 1440 to AD 1740, and is therefore listed as such in the "Germany" section.

This list also includes monarchical regimes whose ruling houses became extinct or were removed from power after having produced only one monarch, but would otherwise have been dynastic in their throne successions. For instance, whereas the Thonburi kingdom had only one ruler, it would likely have produced a series of monarchs from the same ruling clan had the throne not been usurped by the Chakri dynasty; the Thonburi kingdom is thus included under the "Thailand (Siam)" section.

Where possible, descendants of overthrown dynasties and pretenders are also listed. For instance, the House of Plantagenet laid claim to the throne of the Kingdom of Sicily between AD 1254 and AD 1263, and is thus listed under the "Italy" section. Likewise, the Osmanoğlu family is descended from the Ottoman dynasty, and is therefore included in the "Anatolia (Asia Minor)" section.

Entries in each section are sorted by the start year and end year of their rule, irrespective of the exact dates. Dynasties with unverifiable or disputed periods of rule are listed after those with reign periods that are generally agreed upon by scholars. In cases wherein several dynasties are typically grouped together in conventional historiography, such as the Northern and Southern dynasties of China, they are listed as such for ease of reference.

Houses of nobility with no territorial holdings (and thus were/are not monarchical dynasties in their own right), like the House of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg and the House of Jocelyn; dynasties of micronations, like the Bertoleoni dynasty; dynasties of religious sects, like the Nusaybah family and the Slonim dynasty; political families, like the Roosevelt family and the Chiang family; family dictatorships, like the Mount Paektu bloodline and the Duvalier dynasty; and dynastic military regimes, like the Choe clan and the Ashikaga shogunate, are not included.

Nomenclature

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A dynasty may be known by more than one name, either due to differences between its official and historiographical denominations, and/or due to the existence of multiple official and/or historiographical names. For example, the Amorian dynasty is also referred to as the "Phrygian dynasty".

Due to variations in romanization, the name of a dynasty may be rendered differently depending on the source. For instance, the Qing dynasty is also written as "Ch῾ing dynasty" using the Wade–Giles romanization.

In layman and academic parlance, the name of a dynasty is often affixed before the common name of a state in reference to a state under the rule of a particular dynasty. For example, whereas the official name of the realm ruled by the Qajar dynasty was the "Sublime State of Iran", the domain is commonly known as "Qajar Iran".

Period of rule

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The year of establishment and/or the year of collapse of a dynasty may be unknown or remain contentious among scholars. In the latter cases, only an approximate time frame will be given. For example, the Deva dynasty is believed to have ruled during the 12th and 13th centuries AD, but the exact dates are disputed.

The year of establishment and/or the year of collapse of a dynasty could differ from its period of rule over a particular realm and/or geographic region. In such cases, the year(s) provided indicate the period during which a dynasty was/is in power in a particular realm and/or geographic region. For instance, whereas the House of Savoy was founded in AD 1003 in the County of Savoy and maintained its rule until AD 1946 in the Kingdom of Italy, it briefly held the throne of Spain from AD 1870 to AD 1873, and is thus reflected as such in the "Spain" section.

Location of rule

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This list is sorted by the territorial extent of dynasties. Listing a particular dynasty under a specific section need not necessarily denote affiliation—political, ethnic, religious, cultural, or otherwise—between the historical dynasty and the contemporary polity/polities existing in the same region. As the succession of states and the identities of the rulers, elites, and subjects or citizens are complex and contentious issues, the classification of dynasties may be multidimensional. For example, the Ayyubid dynasty has been variously described as "Egyptian" and "Syrian" based on its geographic location and the titles held by its monarchs; "Kurdish" according to its rulers' ethnicity; "Arabized" according to its cultural identity; and "Muslim", "Islamic", and "Sunni" based on its religious faith.

Some dynasties appear more than once in this list, because:

  • more than one realm was/is ruled by a single dynasty; or
  • a single dynastic realm spanned/spans across more than one geographic region.

For example, apart from previously ruling over the possessions of the British Empire and numerous sovereign states that later abolished the monarchy, the House of Windsor remains the ruling dynasty of 15 sovereign states and their associated territories, and is therefore included in multiple sections.[1] Likewise, although the Tang dynasty existed as a single realm, it had at various points in time ruled over China proper, Dzungaria, the Tarim Basin, the Mongolian Plateau, Inner Manchuria, Outer Manchuria, as well as parts of Central Asia, the Korean Peninsula, Vietnam, Siberia, and Afghanistan, and is thus listed under multiple sections.[2][3][4]

Regions with long lines of "local" dynasties—including dynasties of indigenous and non-indigenous (but had/have assumed "local" characteristics) provenances—that experienced partial or full colonization in the modern era are given separate lists for clarity. For instance, the "Indian Subcontinent (South Asia)" section includes a main list containing "local" South Asian dynasties, such as the indigenous Chola dynasty and the non-indigenous Mughal dynasty, and a subsection listing the decidedly "foreign" dynasties of colonial entities, like the House of Bourbon of French India.

Extant dynasties

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  Absolute monarchy
  Constitutional monarchy (Commonwealth realm)
  Constitutional monarchy (non-Commonwealth realm)
  Semi-constitutional monarchy
  Subnational (non-sovereign) monarchy

List of extant dynasties ruling sovereign monarchies

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Further information: List of current monarchs of sovereign states

At present, there are 44 sovereign realms—including 43 sovereign states (and their associated territories) and one sovereign entity in international law without territorial possession—ruled by monarchs, of which 41 are under dynastic control.[a] There are currently 26 sovereign dynasties, two of which rule more than one sovereign realm.

Dynasty Realm Reigning monarch Dynastic founder[b] Dynastic place of origin[c]
House of Windsor[d]   Antigua and Barbuda King Charles III King-Emperor George V[e] Thuringia and Bavaria
(in modern-day Germany)
  Commonwealth of Australia[f]
  Commonwealth of The Bahamas
  Belize
  Canada
  Grenada
  Jamaica
  New Zealand[g]
  Independent State of Papua New Guinea
  Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
  Saint Lucia
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Solomon Islands
  Tuvalu
  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[h]
House of Khalifa   Kingdom of Bahrain King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Sheikh Khalifa bin Mohammed Najd
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Belgium   Kingdom of Belgium King Philippe King Albert I[i] Thuringia and Bavaria
(in modern-day Germany)
Wangchuck dynasty   Kingdom of Bhutan Druk Gyalpo Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Druk Gyalpo Ugyen Wangchuck Modern-day Bhutan
House of Bolkiah   Brunei Darussalam Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Sultan Muhammad Shah Tarim[j]
(in modern-day Yemen)
House of Norodom   Kingdom of Cambodia King Norodom Sihamoni King Norodom Prohmbarirak Modern-day Cambodia
House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg   Kingdom of Denmark[k] King Frederik X Duke Friedrich Wilhelm Glücksburg
(in modern-day Germany)
  Kingdom of Norway[l] King Harald V
House of Dlamini   Kingdom of Eswatini King Mswati III Chief Dlamini I East Africa
Imperial House of Japan   Japan Emperor Naruhito Emperor Jimmu[m] Nara
(in modern-day Japan)
House of Hashim   Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan King Abdullah II King Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi Hejaz
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Sabah   State of Kuwait Emir Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Sheikh Sabah I bin Jaber Najd
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Moshesh   Kingdom of Lesotho King Letsie III Paramount Chief Moshoeshoe I Modern-day Lesotho
House of Liechtenstein   Principality of Liechtenstein Prince Hans-Adam II Prince Karl I Lower Austria
(in modern-day Austria)
House of Luxembourg-Nassau   Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Grand Duke Henri Grand Duke Adolphe Nassau
(in modern-day Germany)
House of Temenggong[n]   Malaysia[o] Yang di-Pertuan Agong Ibrahim Temenggong Abdul Jamal Johor
(in modern-day Malaysia)
House of Grimaldi   Principality of Monaco Prince Albert II François Grimaldi Genoa
(in modern-day Italy)
Alaouite dynasty   Kingdom of Morocco King Mohammed VI Sultan Abul Amlak Sidi Muhammad as-Sharif ibn 'Ali Tafilalt
(in modern-day Morocco)
House of Orange-Nassau   Kingdom of the Netherlands[p] King Willem-Alexander Prince William I Nassau
(in modern-day Germany)
House of Busaid   Sultanate of Oman Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Sultan Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi Modern-day Yemen
House of Thani   State of Qatar Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed Najd
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Saud   Kingdom of Saudi Arabia King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Emir Saud I Diriyah
(in modern-day Saudi Arabia)
House of Bourbon-Anjou   Kingdom of Spain King Felipe VI King Philip V Bourbon-l'Archambault
(in modern-day France)
House of Bernadotte   Kingdom of Sweden King Carl XVI Gustaf King Charles XIV John Pau
(in modern-day France)
Chakri dynasty   Kingdom of Thailand King Rama X King Rama I Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya
(in modern-day Thailand)
House of Tupou   Kingdom of Tonga King Tupou VI King George Tupou I Modern-day Tonga
House of Nahyan[q]   United Arab Emirates[r] President Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa Al Nahyan Liwa Oasis
(in modern-day United Arab Emirates)

List of sovereign states and territories with extant non-sovereign dynasties

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Further information: Non-sovereign monarchy and List of current non-sovereign monarchs

The following is a list of sovereign states and territories with existing dynasties ruling non-sovereign polities. Such dynasties usually possess and exercise authority over subnational divisions or people groups.

Non-sovereign dynasties may be conferred official status through constitutional arrangement or government recognition, like the dynasties ruling the Republic of Botswana's subnational chiefdoms. Alternatively, non-sovereign dynasties may exist without official recognition, as in the case of the Te Wherowhero dynasty of the Māori King Movement in New Zealand.

Non-sovereign dynasties could have once held sovereign power (and vice versa). For example, as the Emirate of Umm Al Quwain was formerly an independent shiekdom but is now a constituent emirate of the United Arab Emirates, the currently non-sovereign House of Mualla therefore held sovereign power historically.

Dynasties could simultaneously reign in both sovereign and non-sovereign polities, as is the case of the House of Temenggong whose reigning ruler is both the sovereign monarch of Malaysia and the non-sovereign monarch of the Malaysian state of Johor Darul Ta'zim.

Continent Sovereign state or territory
Africa   Republic of Angola
  Republic of Benin
  Republic of Botswana
  Burkina Faso
  Republic of Cameroon
  Central African Republic
  Republic of Chad
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
  Republic of Equatorial Guinea
  Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
  Gabonese Republic
  Republic of The Gambia
  Republic of Ghana
  Republic of Guinea-Bissau
  Republic of Kenya
  Republic of Liberia
  Republic of Madagascar
  Republic of Malawi
  Islamic Republic of Mauritania
  Republic of Namibia
  Republic of the Niger
  Federal Republic of Nigeria
  Republic of Rwanda
  Republic of Senegal
  Republic of Sierra Leone
  Federal Republic of Somalia
  Republic of Somaliland
  Republic of South Africa
  Republic of South Sudan
  Republic of the Sudan
  United Republic of Tanzania
  Togolese Republic
  Republic of Uganda
  Republic of Zambia
  Republic of Zimbabwe
Asia   People's Republic of Bangladesh
  Republic of India
  Republic of Indonesia
  Malaysia
  Republic of the Philippines
  Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
  United Arab Emirates
Europe   Bailiwick of Guernsey
  Montenegro[s]
North America   Canada
  Republic of Panama
  United States of America
Oceania   Cook Islands
  Republic of the Marshall Islands
  Federated States of Micronesia
  New Caledonia
  New Zealand
  Republic of Palau
  Independent State of Samoa
  Tuvalu
  Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands
South America   Plurinational State of Bolivia

List of dynasties in Africa

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See also: List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa
Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties

Algeria

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Kings from States of the Classical Age
Monarchs from Medieval states
Dynasties of pre-colonial states conquered by the French

Angola

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Dynasties of pre-colonial states conquered by the Portuguese (incomplete)
  • Kingdom of Kongo
    • House of Kilukeni (AD 1390–1567)
    • House of Kwilu (AD 1568–1622, AD 1626–1636) – Kingdom of Kongo
    • House of Nsundi (AD 1622–1626) – Kingdom of Kongo
    • House of Kinlaza (AD 1665–1666, AD 1669–1716, AD 1743–1752, AD 1764–1787, AD 1842–1857, AD 1859–1891) – Kingdom of Kongo
    • House of Kimpanzu (AD 1665, AD 1666–1669, AD 1669–1670, AD 1673–1715, AD 1718–1743, AD 1752–1758, AD 1763–1764, AD 1857–1859, AD 1891–1896) – Kingdom of Kongo
  • House of Água Rosada (AD 1688–1718, AD 1803–1842) – Kingdom of Kongo

Benin (former Dahomey)

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Burkina Fasso (former Upper Volta)

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Burundi

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Cameroon

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Monarchs of Pre-Colonial States conquered by the Germans

Djibouti (former French Somaliland)

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Central African Republic (former Ubangi-Shari)

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Chad

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Comoros

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Pre-colonial states conquered by the French
  • Sultans of Comoros - Several sultanates on the Comoros, an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, were founded after the introduction of Islam into the area in the 15th century. In the 19th century all the islands of the archipelago was conquered by the French

Republic of Congo

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Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Dynasties of pre-colonial states conquered by the Belgians

Egypt

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See also: Dynasties of ancient Egypt and List of pharaohs

Equatorial Guinea

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Eritrea

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Eswatini (Swaziland)

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See also: List of monarchs of Eswatini

Ethiopia

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See also: Monarchies of Ethiopia and List of emperors of Ethiopia
  • Dʿmt (980–400 BC)
  • Solomonic dynasty (ሰለሞናዊው ሥርወ መንግሥት) (AD 100–940, AD 1270–1974) – Kingdom of Aksum and Ethiopian Empire
    • Gondarine line (AD 1606–1769)
    • Tewodros dynasty (AD 1855–1868)
    • Tigrayan line (AD 1871–1889)
    • Shewan line (AD 1889–1936, AD 1941–1975)
  • Zagwe dynasty (c. AD 900–1270, AD 1868–1871) – Ethiopian Empire
Other states that existed in the territory of modern Ethiopia

The Gambia

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Ghana

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Guinea

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Guinea-Bissau

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Pre-colonial kingdoms

Ivory Coast

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Pre-colonial states conquered by the French (incomplete)

Kenya

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Lesotho

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See also: List of monarchs of Lesotho
  • House of Moshesh (1822–present) – Vassals of the British monarchs from 1868 to 1966. Full independent kings since 1966

Libya

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Madagascar

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See also: List of Imerina monarchs

Mali

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Morocco and Mauritania

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See also: List of rulers of Morocco

Niger

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Nigeria

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See also: Nigerian Chieftaincy and Nigerian traditional rulers

Senegal

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Somalia

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Somaliland

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South Africa

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Sudan

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Tunisia

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Uganda

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Zimbabwe

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List of dynasties in Asia

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Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties
  Extant dynasties ruling both sovereign and non-sovereign polities

Afghanistan

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Anatolia (Asia Minor)

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See also: Anatolian beyliks

Armenia

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See also: List of Armenian kings

Azerbaijan

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Bahrain

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Bhutan

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See also: List of rulers of Bhutan
  • Wangchuck dynasty (དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་) (1907–present)

Brunei

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See also: List of sultans of Brunei

Cambodia

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See also: Monarchy of Cambodia

Central Asia

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Champa

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See also: King of Champa
  • 1st dynasty (192–336)
  • 2nd dynasty (336–420)
  • 3rd dynasty (420–529)
  • 4th dynasty (529–758)
  • 5th dynasty (758–854)
  • 6th dynasty (854–989)
  • 7th dynasty (989–1044)
  • 8th dynasty (1044–1074)
  • 9th dynasty (1074–1139)
  • 10th dynasty (1139–1145)
  • 11th dynasty (1145–1190)
  • 12th dynasty (1190–1318)
  • 13th dynasty (1318–1390)
  • 14th dynasty (1390–1458)
  • 15th dynasty (1458–1471)
  • Dynasty of Po Saktiraidaputih (1695–1822)

China

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Main article: Dynasties of China
See also: Monarchy of China, List of states in Shang Dynasty, List of states in Zhou Dynasty, Jimi system, Tusi, and List of Chinese monarchs
  • Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (三皇五帝（ㄙㄢ ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ）) (?–2070 BC) – Legendary
    • Taotang-shi (陶唐氏（ㄊㄠˊ ㄊㄤˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Legendary
    • Youyu-shi (有虞氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄩˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Legendary
  • Xia dynasty (夏朝（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄔㄠˊ）) (2070–1600 BC) – Semi-legendary; Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
  • Shang dynasty (商朝（ㄕㄤ ㄔㄠˊ）) (1600–1046 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
  • Jizi Chaoxian (箕子朝鮮（ㄐㄧ ㄗˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ）) (1120–194 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
  • Zhou dynasty (周朝（ㄓㄡ ㄔㄠˊ）) (1046–256 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
  • Minyue (閩越（ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄩㄝˋ）) (334–111 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zou (騶) of Baiyue descent
  • Daguang (達光（ㄉㄚˊ ㄍㄨㄤ）) (4th century BC–AD 6th century)
    • Mangjilazha dynasty (莽紀拉扎王朝（ㄇㄤˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄚ ㄓㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (?–?)
    • Shangmuda dynasty (尚穆達王朝（ㄕㄤˇ ㄇㄨˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (?–?)
  • Dian (滇（ㄉㄧㄢ）) (278–109 BC)
  • Ouluo (甌駱（ㄡ ㄌㄨㄛˋ）) (257–179 BC) – Ruled by the House of Shu (蜀)
  • Buyeo (扶餘（ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ）) (239 BC–AD 494)
    • Northern Buyeo (北扶餘（ㄅㄟˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ）) (239–58 BC)
      • Jolbon Buyeo (卒本扶餘（ㄗㄨˊ ㄅㄣˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ）) (86–37 BC)
      • Eastern Buyeo (東扶餘（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ）) (86 BC–AD 22)
        • Galsa Buyeo (後扶餘（ㄏㄡˋ ㄈㄨˊ ㄩˊ）) (AD 22–494)
  • Qin dynasty (秦朝（ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (221–207 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
  • Pre-Qin dynastic fiefs (先秦諸侯國（ㄒㄧㄢ ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨ ㄏㄡˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–209 BC)
    • Ancient Shu (古蜀（ㄍㄨˇ ㄕㄨˇ）) (2500–316 BC)
      • Cancong dynasty (蠶叢（ㄘㄢˊ ㄘㄨㄥˊ）) (2500 BC–?)
      • Boguan dynasty (柏灌（ㄅㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄢˋ）) (?–1700 BC)
      • Yufu dynasty (魚鳧（ㄩˊ ㄈㄨˊ）) (1700–1200 BC)
      • Duyu dynasty (杜宇（ㄉㄨˋ ㄩˇ）) (1200–600 BC)
      • Kaiming dynasty (開明（ㄎㄞ ㄇㄧㄥˊ）) (600–316 BC)
    • Yue (越（ㄩㄝˋ）) (2032–222 BC) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Baiyue descent
    • Mixu (密須（ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄩ）) (21st century–10th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姞) of Huaxia descent
    • Dong (董（ㄉㄨㄥˇ）) (21st century–7th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (己) of Huaxia descent
    • Predynastic Shang (先商（ㄒㄧㄢ ㄕㄤ）) (?–1675 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Guzhu (孤竹（ㄍㄨ ㄓㄨˊ）) (1600–660 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Qi (杞（ㄑㄧˇ）) (16th century–445 BC) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Deng (鄧（ㄉㄥˋ）) (1200–678 BC) – Ruled by the House of Man (曼) of Huaxia descent
    • Xi (息（ㄒㄧ）) (1122–680 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • E (鄂（ㄝˋ）) (12th century–863 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姞) of Huaxia descent
    • Quan (權（ㄑㄩㄢˊ）) (12th century–704 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Wu (吳（ㄨˊ）) (1096–473 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Bei (邶（ㄅㄟˋ）) (?–1059 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Guan (管（ㄍㄨㄢˇ）) (1046–1039 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Feng (酆（ㄈㄥ）) (1046–1023 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Jiao (焦（ㄐㄧㄠ）) (1046–775 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhu (祝（ㄓㄨˋ）) (1046–768 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Eastern Guo (東虢（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (1046–767 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Su (宿（ㄙㄨˋ）) (1046–684 BC) – Ruled by the House of Feng (風) of Huaxia descent
    • Tan (譚（ㄊㄢˊ）) (1046–684 BC) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Huo (霍（ㄏㄨㄛˋ）) (1046–661 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Shu (舒（ㄕㄨ）) (1046–657 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Yu (虞（ㄩˊ）) (1046–655 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Western Guo (西虢（ㄒㄧ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (1046–655 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
      • Northern Guo (北虢（ㄅㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
      • Southern Guo (南虢（ㄋㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Wen (溫（ㄨㄣ）) (1046–650 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (己) of Huaxia descent
    • Ying (英（ㄧㄥ）) (1046–646 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Yuan (原（ㄩㄢˊ）) (1046–635 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (六（ㄌㄨˋ）) (1046–622 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Shuliao (舒蓼（ㄕㄨ ㄌㄧㄠˇ）) (1046–601 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Genmou (根牟（ㄍㄣ ㄇㄡˊ）) (1046–600 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Dongyi descent
    • Xun (荀（ㄒㄩㄣˊ）) (1046–7th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Shuyong (舒庸（ㄕㄨ ㄩㄥ）) (1046–574 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Shujiu (舒鳩（ㄕㄨ ㄐㄧㄡ）) (1046–548 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Mao (毛（ㄇㄠˊ）) (1046–516 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Pan (番（ㄆㄢ）) (1046–504 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (己) of Huaxia descent
    • Dun (頓（ㄉㄨㄣˋ）) (1046–496 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Cao (曹（ㄘㄠˊ）) (1046–487 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Cai (蔡（ㄘㄞˋ）) (1046–447 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Ju (莒（ㄐㄩˇ）) (1046–431 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (己) of Dongyi descent
    • Cheng (郕（ㄔㄥˊ）) (1046–408 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Xu (許（ㄒㄩˇ）) (1046–375 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Ba (巴（ㄅㄚ）) (1046–316 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Ba descent
    • Teng (滕（ㄊㄥˊ）) (1046–297 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Zou (鄒（ㄗㄡ）) (1046–281 BC) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Huaxia descent
    • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (1046–222 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (1046–221 BC)
      • Jiang Qi (姜齊（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄑㄧˊ）) (1046–386 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
      • Tian Qi (田齊（ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ）) (386–221 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
    • Predynastic Zhou (先周（ㄒㄧㄢ ㄓㄡ）) (?–1046 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Shao (召（ㄕㄠˋ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Bi (畢（ㄅㄧˋ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhou Demesne (周邑（ㄓㄡ ㄧˋ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Rong (榮（ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Yong (雍（ㄩㄥ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Rui (芮（ㄖㄨㄟˋ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
      • Northern Rui (北芮（ㄅㄟˇ ㄖㄨㄟˋ）) (1046–640 BC)
      • Southern Rui (南芮（ㄋㄢˊ ㄖㄨㄟˋ）) (806 BC–?)
    • Han (邗（ㄏㄢˊ）) (1046 BC–?)
    • Ji (冀（ㄐㄧˋ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Qi (祁) of Huaxia descent
    • Chunyu (淳于（ㄔㄨㄣˊ ㄩˊ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Gao (郜（ㄍㄠˋ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Mao (茅（ㄇㄠˊ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Shulong (舒龍（ㄕㄨ ㄌㄨㄥˊ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Shugong (舒龔（ㄕㄨ ㄍㄨㄥ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Shubao (舒鮑（ㄕㄨ ㄅㄠˋ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Wan (皖（ㄨㄢˇ）) (1046 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (廬（ㄌㄨˊ）) (1046 BC–?)
    • Chen (陳（ㄔㄣˊ）) (1045–478 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (魯（ㄌㄨˇ）) (1043–249 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Ji (祭（ㄐㄧˋ）) (1040–750 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Xing (邢（ㄒㄧㄥˊ）) (1040–635 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Hong (江（ㄏㄨㄥˊ）) (1040–623 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Jiang (蔣（ㄐㄧㄤˇ）) (1040–617 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Shen (沈（ㄕㄣˇ）) (1040–506 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Song (宋（ㄙㄨㄥˋ）) (1040–286 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Wei (衞（ㄨㄟˋ）) (1040–661 BC, 659–209 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Zuo (胙（ㄗㄨㄛˋ）) (1040 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Dan (聃（ㄉㄢ）) (1040 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Pugu (薄姑（ㄆㄨˊ ㄍㄨ）) (?–1039 BC)
    • Jin (晉（ㄐㄧㄣˋ）) (1033–376 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
      • Yi (翼（ㄧˋ）) (745–679 BC)
      • Quwo (曲沃（ㄑㄩ ㄨㄛˋ）) (745–679 BC)
    • Ying (應（ㄧㄥˋ）) (1030–646 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (1030–223 BC) – Ruled by the House of Mi (芈) of Huaxia descent
      • Yuezhang (越章（ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄤ）) (880 BC–?)
    • Yin (殷（ㄧㄣ）) (1027–1024 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Yang (楊（ㄧㄤˊ）) (1020–677 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Nuo (那（ㄋㄨㄛˊ）) (11th century–704 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Luo (羅（ㄌㄨㄛˊ）) (11th century–690 BC) – Ruled by the House of Mi (芈) of Huaxia descent
    • Jia (賈（ㄐㄧㄚˇ）) (11th century–678 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Hao (郝（ㄏㄠˇ）) (11th century–7th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Feng (風) of Huaxia descent
    • Ji (薊（ㄐㄧˋ）) (11th century–7th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Yiqi (伊祁) of Huaxia descent
    • Lai (賴（ㄌㄞˋ）) (11th century–538 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Wei (韋（ㄨㄟˊ）) (11th century BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Pi (邳（ㄆㄧ）) (11th century BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren (任) of Huaxia descent
    • Qin (秦（ㄑㄧㄣˊ）) (905–221 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Sui (隨（ㄙㄨㄟˊ）) (10th century BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Xie (謝（ㄒㄧㄝˋ）) (?–841 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ren (任) of Huaxia descent
    • Shen (申（ㄕㄣ）) (841 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhan (詹（ㄓㄢ）) (827 BC–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Zheng (鄭（ㄓㄥˋ）) (806–375 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Daluo (大駱（ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ）) (?–9th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Lan (濫（ㄌㄢˋ）) (781–521 BC) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Huaxia descent
    • Yin (尹（ㄧㄣˇ）) (770–513 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姞) of Huaxia descent
    • Kuai (鄶（ㄎㄨㄞˋ）) (?–769 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yun (妘) of Huaxia descent
    • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (768–641 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Hu (胡（ㄏㄨˊ）) (?–763 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Han (韓（ㄏㄢˊ）) (?–757 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Ji (極（ㄐㄧˊ）) (?–721 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Xiang (向（ㄒㄧㄤˋ）) (?–721 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Fan (凡（ㄈㄢˊ）) (?–716 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Dai (戴（ㄉㄞˋ）) (?–713 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Jiao (絞（ㄐㄧㄠˇ）) (?–700 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Gu (穀（ㄍㄨˇ）) (?–8th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Hua (華（ㄏㄨㄚˊ）) (?–8th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhongli (鍾離（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄌㄧˊ）) (8th century–601 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Ni (郳（ㄋㄧˊ）) (8th century–335 BC) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Huaxia descent
      • Xiaozhu (小邾（ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄨ）) (653–335 BC)
    • Yuyuqiu (於餘邱（ㄩˊ ㄩˊ ㄑㄧㄡ）) (?–692 BC)
    • Ji (紀（ㄐㄧˋ）) (?–690 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (盧（ㄌㄨˊ）) (?–690 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
    • Lesser Guo (小虢（ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–687 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Sui (遂（ㄙㄨㄟˋ）) (?–681 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
    • Xiao (蕭（ㄒㄧㄠ）) (681–597 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Guo (郭（ㄍㄨㄛ）) (?–670 BC)
    • Lirong (驪戎（ㄌㄧˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–666 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Xirong descent
    • Zhang (鄣（ㄓㄤ）) (?–664 BC) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Lingzhi (令支（ㄌㄧㄥˋ ㄓ）) (?–664 BC)
    • Geng (耿（ㄍㄥˇ）) (?–661 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Wei (魏（ㄨㄟˋ）) (?–661 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Gong (共（ㄍㄨㄥˋ）) (?–660 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Yang (陽（ㄧㄤˊ）) (?–660 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Xian (弦（ㄒㄧㄢˊ）) (?–655 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei (隗) of Huaxia descent
    • Guang (光（ㄍㄨㄤ）) (?–650 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姞) of Huaxia descent
    • Huang (黃（ㄏㄨㄤˊ）) (?–648 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Xiang (項（ㄒㄧㄤˋ）) (?–643 BC)
    • Bai (柏（ㄅㄞˇ）) (?–640 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姞) of Huaxia descent
    • Fan (樊（ㄈㄢˊ）) (?–635 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Kui (夔（ㄎㄨㄟˊ）) (?–634 BC) – Ruled by the House of Mi (芈) of Huaxia descent
    • Hua (滑（ㄏㄨㄚˊ）) (?–627 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Liao (蓼（ㄌㄧㄠˇ）) (?–622 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Xuqu (須句（ㄒㄩ ㄑㄩˊ）) (?–620 BC) – Ruled by the House of Feng (風) of Huaxia descent
    • Yu (魚（ㄩˊ）) (?–612 BC) – Ruled by the House of Er (兒) of Huaxia descent
    • Yong (庸（ㄩㄥ）) (?–611 BC)
    • Jun (麇（ㄐㄩㄣ）) (?–611 BC)
    • Li (黎（ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–604 BC) – Ruled by the House of Qi (祁) of Huaxia descent and the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Lushi (潞氏（ㄌㄨˋ ㄕˋ）) (604–594 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei (隗) of Chidi descent
    • Western Huang (西黃（ㄒㄧ ㄏㄨㄤˊ）) (?–7th century BC)
    • Duochen (鐸辰（ㄉㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄣˊ）) (?–593 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei (隗) of Huaxia descent
    • Jiashi (甲氏（ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄕˋ）) (?–593 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei (隗) of Huaxia descent
    • Liuyu (留吁（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄩˋ）) (?–593 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei (隗) of Huaxia descent
    • Liu (劉（ㄌㄧㄡˊ）) (592–488 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Qianggaoru (廧咎如（ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄠ ㄖㄨˊ）) (?–588 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei (隗) of Chidi descent
    • Zhuan (鄟（ㄓㄨㄢ）) (?–585 BC)
    • Zeng (鄫（ㄗㄥ）) (?–567 BC) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Lai (萊（ㄌㄞˊ）) (?–567 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Dongyi descent
    • Biyang (偪陽（ㄅㄧ ㄧㄤˊ）) (?–563 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yun (妘) of Huaxia descent
    • Wangshu (王叔（ㄨㄤˊ ㄕㄨ）) (?–563 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Shi (邿（ㄕ）) (?–560 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ren (妊) of Huaxia descent
    • Yin (陰（ㄧㄣ）) (?–532 BC)
    • Fei (肥（ㄈㄟˊ）) (?–530 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Baidi descent
    • Fang (房（ㄈㄤˊ）) (?–529 BC) – Ruled by the House of Qi (祁) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhoulai (州來（ㄓㄡ ㄌㄞˊ）) (?–529 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Yang (養（ㄧㄤˇ）) (?–528 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Gu (鼓（ㄍㄨˇ）) (?–520 BC) – Ruled by the House of Qi (祁) of Baidi descent
    • Chao (巢（ㄔㄠˊ）) (?–518 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Gong (鞏（ㄍㄨㄥˇ）) (?–516 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Xu (徐（ㄒㄩˊ）) (?–512 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhongshan (中山（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ）) (507–406 BC, 380–296 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Beidi descent
    • Xianyu (鮮虞（ㄒㄧㄢ ㄩˊ）) (?–506 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Beidi descent
    • Tang (唐（ㄊㄤˊ）) (?–505 BC) – Ruled by the House of Qi (祁) of Huaxia descent
    • Hu (胡（ㄏㄨˊ）) (?–496 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (歸) of Huaxia descent
    • Gumie (姑蔑（ㄍㄨ ㄇㄧㄝˋ）) (?–480 BC)
    • Zhongwu (鍾吾（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄨˊ）) (?–471 BC)
    • Western Zhou (西周（ㄒㄧ ㄓㄡ）) (440–256 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Tan (郯（ㄊㄢˊ）) (?–414 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (己) of Huaxia descent
    • Han (韓（ㄏㄢˊ）) (403–230 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Wei (魏（ㄨㄟˋ）) (403–225 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhao (趙（ㄓㄠˋ）) (403–222 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
      • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (227–222 BC)
    • Zeng (曾（ㄗㄥ）) (?–5th century BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Chouyou (仇由（ㄔㄡˊ ㄧㄡˊ）) (?–5th century BC)
    • Ju (苴（ㄐㄩ）) (368–316 BC)
    • Eastern Zhou (東周（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄓㄡ）) (367–249 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Xue (薛（ㄒㄩㄝ）) (?–298 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ren (任) of Huaxia descent and the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
    • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (228–222 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Eight States of Xirong (西戎八國（ㄒㄧ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
      • Yiqu (義渠（ㄧˋ ㄑㄩˊ）) (720–272 BC) – Ruled by the House of Yiqu (義渠) of Xirong descent
      • Mianzhu (緜諸（ㄇㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄨ）) (?–395 BC)
      • Dirong (狄戎（ㄉㄧˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
      • Huanrong (豲戎（ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
      • Gunyi (緄夷（ㄍㄨㄣˇ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
      • Wuzhi (烏氏（ㄨ ㄓ）) (?–?)
      • Quyan (朐衍（ㄑㄩˊ ㄧㄢˇ）) (?–?)
      • Rong of Dali (大荔之戎（ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Zhoucheng (周城（ㄓㄡ ㄔㄥˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Baidi (白狄（ㄅㄞˊ ㄉㄧˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Beidi descent
    • Chidi (赤狄（ㄔˋ ㄉㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Changdi (長狄（ㄔㄤˊ ㄉㄧˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Qi (漆) of Beidi descent
      • Souman (鄋瞞（ㄙㄡ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?)
    • Jiuli (九黎（ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Sanmiao (三苗（ㄙㄢ ㄇㄧㄠˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Yuyi (於夷（ㄩˊ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Fangyi (方夷（ㄈㄤ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Huangyi (黃夷（ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Baiyi (白夷（ㄅㄞˊ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Chiyi (赤夷（ㄔˋ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Xuanyi (玄夷（ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Fengyi (風夷（ㄈㄥ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Yangyi (陽夷（ㄧㄤˊ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Maorong (茅戎（ㄇㄠˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Shenrong (申戎（ㄕㄣ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Rong of Yun clan (允姓之戎（ㄩㄣˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun (允) of Xirong descent
      • Luhun (陸渾（ㄌㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄣˊ）) (?–?)
      • Yinrong (陰戎（ㄧㄣ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
      • Rong of Yiluo (伊洛之戎（ㄧ ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
      • Rong of Jiuzhou (九州之戎（ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄓㄡ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Rong of Shihu (始呼之戎（ㄕˇ ㄏㄨ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Rong of Yitu (翳徒之戎（ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Shangfang (商方（ㄕㄤ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Zifang (子方（ㄗˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Tufang (土方（ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Hongfang (𢀛方（ㄏㄨㄥ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Guifang (鬼方（ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Kufang (苦方（ㄎㄨˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Longfang (龍方（ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Mafang (馬方（ㄇㄚˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Shufang (蜀方（ㄕㄨˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Yufang (盂方（ㄩˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Eastern Yufang (東盂方（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄩˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Western Yufang (西盂方（ㄒㄧ ㄩˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Qiangfang (羌方（ㄑㄧㄤ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Zhafang (𠭯方（ㄓㄚ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Peifang (轡方（ㄆㄟˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Erbangfang (二邦方（ㄦˋ ㄅㄤ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Renfang (人方（ㄖㄣˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Tangfang (唐方（ㄊㄤˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Linfang (林方（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Yuexifang (越戲方（ㄩㄝˋ ㄒㄧˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Xingfang (興方（ㄒㄧㄥ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Shifang (豕方（ㄕˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Weifang (危方（ㄨㄟ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Pangfang (旁方（ㄆㄤˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Gefang (戈方（ㄍㄜ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Mufang (木方（ㄇㄨˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Zhoufang (宙方（ㄓㄡˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Genfang (亙方（ㄍㄣˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Jifang (基方（ㄐㄧ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Yafang (亞方（ㄧㄚˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Shifang (示方（ㄕˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Shaofang (召方（ㄕㄠˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Jianfang (湔方（ㄐㄧㄢ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Yinfang (印方（ㄧㄣˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Jifang (祭方（ㄐㄧˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Hufang (虎方（ㄏㄨˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Weifang (微方（ㄨㄟ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Bufang (步方（ㄅㄨˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Xifang (息方（ㄒㄧ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Diefang (眣方（ㄉㄧㄝˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Zhifang (止方（ㄓˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Yinfang (尹方（ㄧㄣˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Zengfang (曾方（ㄗㄥ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Zhufang (祝方（ㄓㄨˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Nongfang (弄方（ㄋㄨㄥˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Chuifang (吹方（ㄔㄨㄟ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Chefang (屮方（ㄔㄜˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Quefang (雀方（ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Shifang (矢方（ㄕˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Yufang (鬱方（ㄩˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Xiufang (羞方（ㄒㄧㄡ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Beifang (貝方（ㄅㄟˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Cangfang (倉方（ㄘㄤ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Yangfang (昜方（ㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Foufang (缶方（ㄈㄡˇ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Pengfang (彭方（ㄆㄥˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Songfang (宋方（ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Danfang (丹方（ㄉㄢ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Xiangfang (絴方（ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Banfang (班方（ㄅㄢ ㄈㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Youmin-shi (有緡氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yao (姚) of Huaxia descent
    • Youshi-shi (有施氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄕ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Zhenxun-shi (斟鄩氏（ㄓㄣ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Youhu-shi (有扈氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Youyi-shi (有易氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄧˋ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Younan-shi (有男氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Tongcheng-shi (彤城氏（ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhenguan-shi (斟灌氏（ㄓㄣ ㄍㄨㄢˋ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Youxin-shi (有莘氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Youxiong-shi (有熊氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Youjiao-shi (有蟜氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Youreng-shi (有仍氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄖㄥˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Bao-shi (褒氏（ㄅㄠ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Fei-shi (費氏（ㄈㄟˋ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Qi-shi (杞氏（ㄑㄧˇ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Zeng-shi (繒氏（ㄗㄥ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Xin-shi (辛氏（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Ming-shi (冥氏（ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Ge-shi (戈氏（ㄍㄜ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Youqiong-shi (有窮氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Youge-shi (有鬲氏（ㄧㄡˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?)
    • Boming-shi (伯明氏（ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun (妘) of Dongyi descent
    • Ji (及（ㄐㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • You (攸（ㄧㄡ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Huaxia descent
    • Meng (盟（ㄇㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Shen (侁（ㄕㄣ）) (?–?)
    • Gao (告（ㄍㄠˋ）) (?–?)
    • Er (耳（ㄦˇ）) (?–?)
    • Feng (逢（ㄈㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Bao (暴（ㄅㄠˋ）) (?–?)
    • Shu (黍（ㄕㄨˇ）) (?–?)
    • Zhu (竹（ㄓㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Dun (盾（ㄉㄨㄣˋ）) (?–?)
    • Ji (計（ㄐㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Tui (魋（ㄊㄨㄟˊ）) (?–?)
    • Ke (可（ㄎㄜˇ）) (?–?)
    • Chou (醜（ㄔㄡˇ）) (?–?)
    • Gu (雇（ㄍㄨˋ）) (?–?)
    • Er (兒（ㄦˊ）) (?–?)
    • Mao (髳（ㄇㄠˊ）) (?–?)
    • Feng (豐（ㄈㄥ）) (?–?)
    • He (禾（ㄏㄜˊ）) (?–?)
    • Bing (丙（ㄅㄧㄥˇ）) (?–?)
    • Xian (先（ㄒㄧㄢ）) (?–?)
    • Hao (鎬（ㄏㄠˋ）) (?–?)
    • Li (酈（ㄌㄧˋ）) (?–?)
    • Nuo (郍（ㄋㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Gu (顧（ㄍㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (己) of Huaxia descent
    • Lu (鹿（ㄌㄨˋ）) (?–?)
    • Jian (戔（ㄐㄧㄢ）) (?–?)
    • Gan (干（ㄍㄢ）) (?–?)
    • Quanrong (犬戎（ㄑㄩㄢˇ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Rong of Jiang clan (姜姓之戎（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Xirong descent
      • Jiangrong (姜戎（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Lu (鹿（ㄌㄨˋ）) (?–?)
    • Jiuyuan (九苑（ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄩㄢˋ）) (?–?)
    • Shangsi (上絲（ㄕㄤˋ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Xiawei (下危（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄨㄟ）) (?–?)
    • Northern Qi (北齊（ㄅㄟˇ ㄑㄧˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhi (沚（ㄓˇ）) (?–?)
    • Lü (呂（ㄌㄩˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Southern Yan (南燕（ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄢ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姞) of Huaxia descent
    • Ge (葛（ㄍㄜˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Shan (單（ㄕㄢˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Gan (甘（ㄍㄢ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Bi (偪（ㄅㄧ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姞) of Huaxia descent
    • Mi (密（ㄇㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Yu (邘（ㄩˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Du (杜（ㄉㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Qi (祁) of Huaxia descent
    • Bulang (不羹（ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄤˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
      • Eastern Bulang (東不羹（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄤˊ）) (?–?)
      • Western Bulang (西不羹（ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄤˊ）) (?–?)
    • Dao (道（ㄉㄠˋ）) (?–?)
    • Chong (崇（ㄔㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Di (翟（ㄉㄧˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Kui (隗) of Chidi descent
    • Ji (㠱（ㄐㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Yan (鄢（ㄧㄢ）) (?–?)
    • Chou (疇（ㄔㄡˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren (任) of Huaxia descent
    • Shen (沈（ㄕㄣˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Si (姒（ㄙˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Ru (蓐（ㄖㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Huang (黃（ㄏㄨㄤˊ）) (?–?)
    • Peng (倗（ㄆㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Guan (貫（ㄍㄨㄢˋ）) (?–?)
    • Jiafu (甲父（ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄈㄨˋ）) (?–?)
    • Zhu (鑄（ㄓㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren (妊) of Huaxia descent
    • Ba (霸（ㄅㄚˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Kui (媿) of Huaxia descent
    • Nie (聶（ㄋㄧㄝˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Fei (費（ㄈㄟˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Yu (鄅（ㄩˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun (妘) of Huaxia descent
    • Jue (厥（ㄐㄩㄝˊ）) (?–?)
    • Ren (任（ㄖㄣˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng (風) of Huaxia descent
    • Mou (牟（ㄇㄡˊ）) (?–?)
    • Guan (觀（ㄍㄨㄢ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yao (姚) of Huaxia descent
    • Han (寒（ㄏㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren (任) of Huaxia descent
    • Zong (鬷（ㄗㄨㄥ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董) of Huaxia descent
    • Yan (奄（ㄧㄢˇ）) (?–?)
    • Pang (逄（ㄆㄤˊ）) (?–?)
    • Yi (夷（ㄧˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun (妘) of Huaxia descent
    • Quegong (闕鞏（ㄑㄩㄝˋ ㄍㄨㄥˇ）) (?–?)
    • Zhuanyu (顓臾（ㄓㄨㄢ ㄩˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng (風) of Huaxia descent
    • Fei (費（ㄈㄟˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Ruo (鄀（ㄖㄨㄛˋ）) (?–?)
      • Lower Ruo (下鄀（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄖㄨㄛˋ）) (?–622 BC)
      • Upper Ruo (上鄀（ㄕㄤˋ ㄖㄨㄛˋ）) (622 BC–?)
    • Zhi (摯（ㄓˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren (任) of Huaxia descent
    • Zhu (諸（ㄓㄨ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
    • Jie (介（ㄐㄧㄝˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yun (妘) of Dongyi descent
    • Kan (闞（ㄎㄢˋ）) (?–?)
    • You (鄾（ㄧㄡ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Man (曼) of Huaxia descent
    • Zong (宗（ㄗㄨㄥ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Guo (過（ㄎㄢˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ren (任) of Huaxia descent
    • Rong of Ji clan (己姓之戎（ㄐㄧˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (己) of Xirong descent
    • Zhen (軫（ㄓㄣˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Yun (鄖（ㄩㄣˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi (子) of Beidi descent
    • Fengfu (封父（ㄈㄥ ㄈㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (姜) of Huaxia descent
    • Anling (安陵（ㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Mie (蔑（ㄇㄧㄝˋ）) (?–?)
    • Er (貳（ㄦˋ）) (?–?)
    • Zhou (州（ㄓㄡ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Tong (桐（ㄊㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (偃) of Huaxia descent
    • Peng (彭（ㄆㄥˊ）) (?–?)
    • Wuzhong (無終（ㄨˊ ㄓㄨㄥ）) (?–?)
  • Zhang Chu (張楚（ㄓㄤ ㄔㄨˇ）) (209–208 BC) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳) of Huaxia descent
  • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (209–206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Xiang (襄) of Huaxia descent and the House of Mi (羋) of Huaxia descent
  • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (209–206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Han (韓) of Huaxia descent
  • Zhao (趙（ㄓㄠˋ）) (209–204 BC, 203–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wu (武) of Huaxia descent, the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent, and the House of Zhang (張) of Huaxia descent
  • Xiongnu confederation (匈奴（ㄒㄩㄥ ㄋㄨˊ）) (209 BC–AD 48) – Ruled by the House of Luandi (攣鞮) of Xiongnu descent
  • Wei (魏（ㄨㄟˋ）) (208–206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
  • Eighteen Kingdoms (十八國（ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (208–202 BC)
    • Han (韓（ㄏㄢˊ）) (208–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent and the House of Zheng (鄭) of Huaxia descent
    • Sai (塞（ㄙㄞˋ）) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Huaxia descent
    • Di (翟（ㄉㄧˊ）) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董) of Huaxia descent
    • Liaodong (遼東（ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Han (韓) of Huaxia descent
    • Jiaodong (膠東（ㄐㄧㄠ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
    • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
    • Jibei (濟北（ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ）) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
    • Yong (雍（ㄩㄥ）) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (章) of Huaxia descent
    • Western Wei (西魏（ㄒㄧ ㄨㄟˋ）) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Huaxia descent
    • Henan (河南（ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Shen (申) of Huaxia descent
    • Yin (殷（ㄧㄣ）) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Huaxia descent
    • Changshan (常山（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ）) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Huaxia descent
    • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (206–205 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (嬴) of Huaxia descent
    • Jiujiang (九江（ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄐㄧㄤ）) (206–203 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (英) of Huaxia descent
    • Han (漢（ㄏㄢˋ）) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Huaxia descent
    • Hengshan (衡山（ㄏㄥˊ ㄕㄢ）) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wu (吳) of Huaxia descent
    • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zang (臧) of Huaxia descent
    • Linjiang (臨江（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄤ）) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gong (共) of Huaxia descent
  • Linzi (臨淄（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄗ）) (206 BC) – Ruled by the House of Gui (媯) of Huaxia descent
  • Western Chu (西楚（ㄒㄧ ㄔㄨˇ）) (206–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Mi (芈) of Huaxia descent
  • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (205–204 BC) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳) of Huaxia descent
  • Dynastic principalities under the Han dynasty (漢朝藩王國（ㄏㄢˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (205 BC–AD 9, AD 25–221)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Western Han (西漢異姓藩王國（ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (205–157 BC)
      • Han (韓（ㄏㄢˊ）) (205–200 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ji (姬) of Han descent
      • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (203–202 BC) – Ruled by the House of Han (韓) of Han descent
      • Huainan (淮南（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (203–196 BC) – Ruled by the House of Ying (英) of Han descent
      • Zhao (趙（ㄓㄠˋ）) (203–198 BC, 180 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent and the House of Lü (呂) of Han descent
      • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (202–201 BC)
      • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (202–196 BC) – Ruled by the House of Peng (彭) of Han descent
      • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (202–196 BC, 180 BC) – Ruled by the House of Lu (盧) of Han descent and the House of Lü (呂) of Han descent
      • Changsha (長沙（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ）) (202–157 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wu (吳) of Han descent
      • Lü (呂（ㄌㄩˇ）) (187–180 BC) – Ruled by the House of Lü (呂) of Han descent
      • Lu (魯（ㄌㄨˇ）) (187–180 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Western Han (西漢同姓藩王國（ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (201 BC–AD 9) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
      • Jing (荊（ㄐㄧㄥ）) (201–196 BC)
      • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (201–127 BC, 117–110 BC)
      • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (201–69 BC, 50 BC–AD 9)
      • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (200–198 BC, 196–114 BC)
      • Zhao (趙（ㄓㄠˋ）) (198–181 BC, 179–154 BC, 152 BC–AD 9)
      • Huainan (淮南（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (196–174 BC, 168–165 BC, 164–122 BC)
      • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (196–181 BC, 180 BC, 178 BC–AD 3, AD 5–9)
      • Wu (吳（ㄨˊ）) (195–154 BC)
      • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (195–181 BC, 179–127 BC, 117–80 BC)
      • Hengshan (恆山（ㄏㄥˊ ㄕㄢ）) (187–180 BC)
      • Huaiyang (淮陽（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (187–180 BC, 176–169 BC, 155–154 BC, 63 BC–AD 9)
      • Langya (琅邪（ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ）) (181–179 BC)
      • Jichuan (濟川（ㄐㄧˇ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (181–180 BC, 144–138 BC)
      • Taiyuan (太原（ㄊㄞˋ ㄩㄢˊ）) (178–176 BC)
      • Jibei (濟北（ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ）) (178–177 BC, 164–154 BC, 153–87 BC)
      • Chengyang (城陽（ㄔㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (178–169 BC, 165 BC–AD 9)
      • Hejian (河間（ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄢ）) (178–165 BC, 155 BC–AD 9)
      • Jinan (濟南（ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄢˊ）) (164–154 BC)
      • Lujiang (廬江（ㄌㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ）) (164–153 BC)
      • Hengshan (衡山（ㄏㄥˊ ㄕㄢ）) (164–122 BC)
      • Jiaoxi (膠西（ㄐㄧㄠ ㄒㄧ）) (164–108 BC)
      • Jiaodong (膠東（ㄐㄧㄠ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (164–150 BC, 148 BC–AD 9)
      • Zichuan (菑川（ㄗ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (164 BC–AD 9)
      • Runan (汝南（ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄢˊ）) (155–153 BC)
      • Linjiang (臨江（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄤ）) (155–153 BC, 150–148 BC)
      • Guangchuan (廣川（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (155–152 BC, 148–70 BC, 66–50 BC)
      • Changsha (長沙（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ）) (155 BC–AD 9)
      • Lu (魯（ㄌㄨˇ）) (154–6 BC, 4 BC–AD 9)
      • Zhongshan (中山（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ）) (154–54 BC, 44–35 BC, 23–1 BC, AD 1–9)
      • Jiangdu (江都（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄉㄨ）) (153–121 BC)
      • Qinghe (清河（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄜˊ）) (147–136 BC, 114–66 BC, 47–44 BC)
      • Changshan (常山（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ）) (145–113 BC)
      • Jiyin (濟陰（ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄣ）) (144–143 BC)
      • Jidong (濟東（ㄐㄧˇ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (144–116 BC)
      • Shanyang (山陽（ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ）) (144–136 BC, 33–25 BC)
      • Liu'an (六安（ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄢ）) (121 BC–AD 9)
      • Guangling (廣陵（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (117–54 BC, 47–17 BC, 11 BC–AD 9)
      • Zhending (真定（ㄓㄣ ㄉㄧㄥˋ）) (114 BC–AD 9)
      • Sishui (泗水（ㄙˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ）) (113 BC–AD 9)
      • Changyi (昌邑（ㄔㄤ ㄧˋ）) (97–74 BC)
      • Pinggan (平干（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄢ）) (91–56 BC)
      • Guangyang (廣陽（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (73 BC–AD 9)
      • Gaomi (高密（ㄍㄠ ㄇㄧˋ）) (73 BC–AD 9)
      • Dingtao (定陶（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄠˊ）) (52–50 BC, 25–5 BC)
      • Dongping (東平（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (52–4 BC, AD 1–7)
      • Jiyang (濟陽（ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (41–33 BC)
      • Xindu (信都（ㄒㄧㄣˋ ㄉㄨ）) (37–23 BC, 5 BC–AD 9)
      • Guangde (廣德（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄉㄜˊ）) (19–18 BC, AD 2–9)
      • Guangping (廣平（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (4 BC–AD 9)
      • Guangshi (廣世（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄕˋ）) (AD 2–9)
      • Guangzong (廣宗（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄗㄨㄥ）) (AD 2–9)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Eastern Han (東漢同姓藩王國（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 25–221) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
      • Huaiyang (淮陽（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 25, AD 41–73, AD 79–87)
      • Guangyang (廣陽（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 26–29)
      • Sishui (泗水（ㄙˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ）) (AD 26–34)
      • Zichuan (淄川（ㄗ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (AD 26–34)
      • Taiyuan (太原（ㄊㄞˋ ㄩㄢˊ）) (AD 26–35)
      • Zhending (真定（ㄓㄣ ㄉㄧㄥˋ）) (AD 26–37)
      • Changsha (長沙（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ）) (AD 26–37)
      • Lu (魯（ㄌㄨˇ）) (AD 26–37, AD 41–52)
      • Chengyang (城陽（ㄔㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 26–35, AD 90–94)
      • Zhongshan (中山（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ）) (AD 26–37, AD 41–44, AD 54–174)
      • Zhao (趙（ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 29–213)
      • Hejian (河間（ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄢ）) (AD 31–37, AD 90–220)
      • Zuopingyi (左馮翊（ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄧˋ）) (AD 41–54)
      • Shanyang (山陽（ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 41–58, AD 212–220)
      • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 41–70)
      • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 41–87, AD 90–206)
      • Langya (琅邪（ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ）) (AD 41–216)
      • Jinan (濟南（ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 41–153, AD 174–220)
      • Donghai (東海（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 41–220)
      • Dongping (東平（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 41–220)
      • Pei (沛（ㄆㄟˋ）) (AD 44–220)
      • Beihai (北海（ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 52–206)
      • Guangling (廣陵（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 58–67)
      • Guangping (廣平（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 60–82)
      • Qiancheng (千乘（ㄑㄧㄢ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 60–95)
      • Julu (鉅鹿（ㄐㄩˋ ㄌㄨˋ）) (AD 72–79)
      • Runan (汝南（ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 72–79)
      • Lecheng (樂成（ㄌㄜˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 72–96, AD 97–119, AD 120–121)
      • Changshan (常山（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ）) (AD 72–184)
      • Xiapi (下邳（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄆㄧ）) (AD 72–185)
      • Jiyin (濟陰（ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄣ）) (AD 72–84, AD 124–125, AD 212–220)
      • Fuling (阜陵（ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 73–206)
      • Pingchun (平春（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄨㄣ）) (AD 79)
      • Jiangling (江陵（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 79–85)
      • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 79–220)
      • Xiping (西平（ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 82–88)
      • Qinghe (清河（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄜˊ）) (AD 82–147)
      • Rencheng (任城（ㄖㄣˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 84–220)
      • Liu'an (六安（ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄢ）) (AD 85–88)
      • Chen (陳（ㄔㄣˊ）) (AD 88–197)
      • Pengcheng (彭城（ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 88–220)
      • Jibei (濟北（ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ）) (AD 90–206, AD 212–220)
      • Guangzong (廣宗（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄗㄨㄥ）) (AD 93)
      • Le'an (樂安（ㄌㄜˋ ㄢ）) (AD 95–146)
      • Pingyuan (平原（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ）) (AD 106–206)
      • Guangchuan (廣川（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (AD 107–108)
      • Anping (安平（ㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 122–184)
      • Bohai (渤海（ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 146–172, AD 189)
      • Ganling (甘陵（ㄍㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 148–189)
      • Chenliu (陳留（ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ）) (AD 189)
      • Hongnong (弘農（ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄋㄨㄥˊ）) (AD 189–190)
      • Nanyang (南陽（ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 200)
      • Donghai (東海（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 212–220)
      • Boling (博陵（ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 213–220)
      • Hanzhong (漢中（ㄏㄢˋ ㄓㄨㄥ）) (AD 219–221)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Eastern Han (東漢異姓藩王國（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄢˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 40–42, AD 216–220)
      • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (AD 40–42) – Ruled by the House of Lu (盧) of Han descent
      • Wei (魏（ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 216–220) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Han descent
  • Nanyue (南越（ㄋㄢˊ ㄩㄝˋ）) (204–111 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙) of Huaxia descent
  • Han dynasty (漢朝（ㄏㄢˋ ㄔㄠˊ）) (202 BC–AD 9, AD 25–220) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
    • Western Han (西漢（ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ）) (202 BC–AD 9)
    • Eastern Han (東漢（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 25–220)
  • Yelang (夜郎（ㄧㄝˋ ㄌㄤˊ）) (3rd century–27 BC)
  • Ailao (哀牢（ㄞ ㄌㄠˊ）) (3rd century BC–AD 76)
  • Nanhai (南海（ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (195–174 BC)
  • Weiman Chaoxian (衛滿朝鮮（ㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄢˇ ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄢˇ）) (194–108 BC) – Ruled by the House of Wei (衛)
  • Eastern Ou (東甌（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄡ）) (191–138 BC) – Ruled by the House of Zou (騶)
  • Baiyang (白羊（ㄅㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (?–127 BC)
  • Loufan (樓煩（ㄌㄡˊ ㄈㄢˊ）) (?–127 BC)
  • Yarlung dynasty (雅礱王朝（ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (127 BC–AD 618) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
  • Wusun (烏孫（ㄨ ㄙㄨㄣ）) (117 BC–?)
  • Gouding (鉤町（ㄍㄡ ㄉㄧㄥ）) (111 BC–AD 316)
  • Dongming (東明（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄥˊ）) (?–108 BC)
  • Woju (沃沮（ㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄩ）) (2nd century BC–AD 5th century)
    • Eastern Woju (東沃沮（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄩ）) (?–?)
    • Northern Woju (北沃沮（ㄅㄟˇ ㄨㄛˋ ㄐㄩ）) (?–?)
  • Goguryeo (高句麗（ㄍㄠ ㄍㄡ ㄌㄧˊ）) (37 BC–AD 668) – Ruled by the Go dynasty (高) of Yemaek descent
  • Feiliu (沸流（ㄈㄟˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ）) (?–36 BC)
  • Lelang (樂浪（ㄌㄜˋ ㄌㄤˋ）) (1st century BC–AD 47)
  • Gaima (蓋馬（ㄍㄞˋ ㄇㄚˇ）) (1st century BC–AD 1st century)
  • Goutu (句荼（ㄍㄡ ㄊㄨˊ）) (1st century BC–AD 1st century)
  • Xin dynasty (新朝（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 9–23) – Interrupted the Han dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han descent
  • Xuan Han (玄漢（ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 23–25) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
  • Huainan (淮南（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 23–27) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
  • Dynastic principalities under the Xuan Han (玄漢藩王國（ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 23–?)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Xuan Han (玄漢同姓藩王國（ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 23–27) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
      • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 23–25)
      • Wan (宛（ㄨㄢˇ）) (AD 24–25)
      • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (AD 24–25)
      • Ruyin (汝陰（ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄣ）) (AD 24–25)
      • Xiao (蕭（ㄒㄧㄠ）) (AD 24–25)
      • Dingtao (定陶（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄠˊ）) (AD 24–26)
      • Yuanshi (元氏（ㄩㄢˊ ㄕˋ）) (AD 24–26)
      • Hanzhong (漢中（ㄏㄢˋ ㄓㄨㄥ）) (AD 24–27)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Xuan Han (玄漢異姓藩王國（ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 24–?)
      • Biyang (比陽（ㄅㄧˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han descent
      • Huaiyang (淮陽（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent
      • Rang (穰（ㄖㄤˊ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Liao (廖) of Han descent
      • Pingshi (平氏（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄕˋ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Shen (申) of Han descent
      • Sui (隨（ㄙㄨㄟˊ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Hu (胡) of Han descent
      • Xiping (西平（ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
      • Wuyin (舞陰（ㄨˇ ㄧㄣ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
      • Xiangyi (襄邑（ㄒㄧㄤ ㄧˋ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Cheng (成) of Han descent
      • Yinping (陰平（ㄧㄣ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 24–25) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳) of Han descent
      • Deng (鄧（ㄉㄥˋ）) (AD 24–26) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han descent
      • Yan (郾（ㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 24–26) – Ruled by the House of Yin (尹) of Han descent
      • Yicheng (宜城（ㄧˊ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 24–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han descent
      • Yingyin (潁陰（ㄧㄥˇ ㄧㄣ）) (AD 24–?) – Ruled by the House of Zong (宗) of Han descent
  • Chuli (楚黎（ㄔㄨˇ ㄌㄧˊ）) (AD 24–29) – Ruled by the House of Qin (秦) of Han descent
  • Agnatic dynastic principality under the Chimei Han (赤眉漢同姓藩王國（ㄔˋ ㄇㄟˊ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 25) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
    • Changsha (長沙（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ）) (AD 25)
  • Xiping (西平（ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 25) – Ruled by the House of Lu (盧) of Han descent
    • Lu Han (盧漢（ㄌㄨˊ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 25–?)
  • Chimei Han (赤眉漢（ㄔˋ ㄇㄟˊ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 25–27) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
  • Liu Liang (劉梁（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 25–29) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
  • Chengjia (成家（ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚ）) (AD 25–36) – Ruled by the House of Gongsun (公孫) of Han descent
    • Shu (蜀（ㄕㄨˇ）) (AD 24–25)
  • Dynastic principalities under the Liu Liang (劉梁藩王國（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 25–?)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liu Liang (劉梁同姓藩王國（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 25–?) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
      • Lu (魯（ㄌㄨˇ）) (AD 25–?)
      • Huaiyang (淮陽（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 26)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liu Liang (劉梁異姓藩王國（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 27–30)
      • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 27–29) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent
      • Haixi (海西（ㄏㄞˇ ㄒㄧ）) (AD 27–30) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董) of Han descent
  • Wu'an (武安（ㄨˇ ㄢ）) (AD 26–27) – Ruled by the House of Yan (延) of Han descent
  • Northern Daifang (北帶方（ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄈㄤ）) (?–AD 27)
  • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Chengjia (成家異姓藩王國（ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 29–36)
    • Runing (汝寧（ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 29–36) – Ruled by the House of Yan (延) of Han descent
    • Yijiang (翼江（ㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ）) (AD 29–36) – Ruled by the House of Tian (田) of Han descent
    • Shuoning (朔寧（ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 31–34) – Ruled by the House of Wei (隗) of Han descent
  • Xianbei state (鮮卑（ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ）) (AD 93–234)
    • Northern Xianbei (北鮮卑（ㄅㄟˇ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ）) (AD ?–?)
    • Western Xianbei (西鮮卑（ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ）) (AD ?–?)
    • Eastern Xianbei (東鮮卑（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄅㄟ）) (AD ?–?)
  • Shaodang Qiang (燒當羌（ㄕㄠ ㄉㄤ ㄑㄧㄤ）) (?–AD 139)
  • Yueban (悅般（ㄩㄝˋ ㄅㄢ）) (AD 160–490)
  • Zhongjia (仲家（ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄐㄧㄚ）) (AD 197–199) – Ruled by the House of Yuan (袁) of Han descent
  • Bailan (白蘭（ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄢˊ）) (AD 2nd century–?)
  • Hexi tribe (河西部（ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 210–397) – Ruled by the House of Tufa (禿髮) of Xianbei descent
  • Three Kingdoms (三國（ㄙㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 220–280)
    • Cao Wei (曹魏（ㄘㄠˊ ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 220–266) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Han descent
    • Shu Han (蜀漢（ㄕㄨˇ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 221–263) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
    • Eastern Wu (東吳（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˊ）) (AD 222–280) – Ruled by the House of Sun (孫) of Han descent
  • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Shu Han (蜀漢同姓藩王國（ㄕㄨˇ ㄏㄢˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 221–263) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
    • Lu (魯（ㄌㄨˇ）) (AD 221–230)
    • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 221–230)
    • Ganling (甘陵（ㄍㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 230–263)
    • Anping (安平（ㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 230–263)
    • Anding (安定（ㄢ ㄉㄧㄥˋ）) (AD 238–263)
    • Xihe (西河（ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ）) (AD 252–262)
    • Xinping (新平（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 256–263)
    • Beidi (北地（ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄧˋ）) (AD 259–263)
    • Xinxing (新興（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥ）) (AD 259–263)
    • Shangdang (上黨（ㄕㄤˋ ㄉㄤˇ）) (AD 259–263)
  • Dynastic principalities under the Cao Wei (曹魏藩王國（ㄘㄠˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 221–?)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Cao Wei (曹魏異姓藩王國（ㄘㄠˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 221–222, AD 264–266)
      • Wu (吳（ㄨˊ）) (AD 221–222) – Ruled by the House of Sun (孫) of Han descent
      • Jin (晉（ㄐㄧㄣˋ）) (AD 264–266) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Cao Wei (曹魏同姓藩王國（ㄘㄠˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 222–?) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Han descent
      • Zhangling (章陵（ㄓㄤ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 222)
      • Yiyang (義陽（ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 222)
      • Yiyang (弋陽（ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 222)
      • Lujiang (廬江（ㄌㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ）) (AD 222–223)
      • Huainan (淮南（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 222–223)
      • Guangping (廣平（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 222–223)
      • Jiyin (濟陰（ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄣ）) (AD 222–224)
      • Xiapi (下邳（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄆㄧ）) (AD 222–224)
      • Hejian (河間（ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄢ）) (AD 222–224)
      • Wu (吳（ㄨˊ）) (AD 222–224)
      • Hedong (河東（ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (AD 222–225)
      • Jingzhao (京兆（ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 222–225)
      • Qiao (譙（ㄑㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 222–226)
      • Pingyuan (平原（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ）) (AD 222–226)
      • Qinghe (清河（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄜˊ）) (AD 222–223, AD 226)
      • Juancheng (鄄城（ㄐㄩㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 222–223, AD 226–232)
      • Beihai (北海（ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 222–224, AD 232–233)
      • Rencheng (任城（ㄖㄣˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 222–223, AD 224–246)
      • Pengcheng (彭城（ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 222, AD 232–266)
      • Chenliu (陳留（ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ）) (AD 222–224, AD 232–266)
      • Zhongmou (中牟（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄇㄡˊ）) (AD 223–224)
      • Yongqiu (雍丘（ㄩㄥ ㄑㄧㄡ）) (AD 223–227, AD 228–229)
      • Chen (陳（ㄔㄣˊ）) (AD 223–224, AD 232)
      • Shouzhang (壽張（ㄕㄡˋ ㄓㄤ）) (AD 223–232)
      • Fanyang (范陽（ㄈㄢˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 224–226)
      • Lecheng (樂城（ㄌㄜˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 224–226)
      • Shouchun (壽春（ㄕㄡˋ ㄔㄨㄣ）) (AD 224–226)
      • Dingtao (定陶（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄠˊ）) (AD 224–232)
      • Shanfu (單父（ㄕㄢˋ ㄈㄨˋ）) (AD 224–232)
      • Xiangyi (襄邑（ㄒㄧㄤ ㄧˋ）) (AD 224–232)
      • Zan (贊（ㄗㄢˋ）) (AD 224–226, AD 235–248)
      • Dongwuyang (東武陽（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 225)
      • Guantao (館陶（ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ）) (AD 225–232)
      • Yuancheng (元城（ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 225–232)
      • Handan (邯鄲（ㄏㄢˊ ㄉㄢ）) (AD 225–232)
      • Puyang (濮陽（ㄆㄨˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 226–232)
      • Juyang (句陽（ㄐㄩˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 226–232)
      • Julu (鉅鹿（ㄐㄩˋ ㄌㄨˋ）) (AD 226–232)
      • Baima (白馬（ㄅㄞˊ ㄇㄚˇ）) (AD 226–232)
      • Yangping (陽平（ㄧㄤˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 226–232)
      • Junyi (浚儀（ㄐㄩㄣˋ ㄧˊ）) (AD 227–228)
      • Liaocheng (聊城（ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 227–232)
      • Fanyang (繁陽（ㄈㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 228–229)
      • Dong'e (東阿（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄝ）) (AD 229–232)
      • Quyang (曲陽（ㄑㄩ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 232–244)
      • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 232–251)
      • Zhao (趙（ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 232–261)
      • Jibei (濟北（ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Pei (沛（ㄆㄟˋ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Zhongshan (中山（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Langya (琅邪（ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Dongping (東平（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Lu (魯（ㄌㄨˇ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Donghai (東海（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 232–266)
      • Xiang (相（ㄒㄧㄤ）) (AD 233–236, AD 255–166)
      • Xiao (蕭（ㄒㄧㄠ）) (AD 234–?)
      • Qin (秦（ㄑㄧㄣˊ）) (AD 235–244)
      • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 235–239, AD 254–266)
      • Rao'an (饒安（ㄖㄠˊ ㄢ）) (AD 238–246)
      • Laoling (樂陵（ㄌㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 244–266)
      • Jinan (濟南（ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 246–266)
      • Wen'an (文安（ㄨㄣˊ ㄢ）) (AD 246–266)
      • Feng (豐（ㄈㄥ）) (AD 254–266)
      • Zhending (真定（ㄓㄣ ㄉㄧㄥˋ）) (AD 254–266)
  • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (AD 237–238) – Ruled by the House of Gongsun (公孫) of Han descent
  • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Eastern Wu (東吳同姓藩王國（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 242–?) – Ruled by the House of Sun (孫) of Han descent
    • Lu (魯（ㄌㄨˇ）) (AD 242–250, AD 273–280)
    • Nanyang (南陽（ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 252–253)
    • Langya (琅邪（ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ）) (AD 252–258)
    • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 252–253, AD 273–?)
    • Kuaiji (會稽（ㄎㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧ）) (AD 258–260)
    • Yuzhang (豫章（ㄩˋ ㄓㄤ）) (AD 264–265)
    • Runan (汝南（ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 264–265)
    • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 264–?)
    • Chen (陳（ㄔㄣˊ）) (AD 264–?)
    • Huaiyang (淮陽（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 269–273)
    • Dongping (東平（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 269–273)
    • Chenliu (陳留（ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ）) (AD 273–?)
    • Zhangling (章陵（ㄓㄤ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 273–?)
    • Chengji (成紀（ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧˋ）) (AD 278–?)
    • Xuanwei (宣威（ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟ）) (AD 278–?)
    • Zhongshan (中山（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ）) (AD 280–?)
    • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (AD 280–?)
  • Duan tribe (段部（ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 250–356) – Ruled by the Duan tribe (段) of Xianbei descent
    • Liaoxi (遼西（ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄒㄧ）) (AD 313–338)
    • Duan Qi (段齊（ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 350–356)
    • Duan Zhao (段趙（ㄉㄨㄢˋ ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 352)
  • Longxi tribe (隴西部（ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 265–376) – Ruled by the House of Qifu (乞伏) of Xianbei descent
  • Jin dynasty (晉朝（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 266–420) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
    • Western Jin (西晉（ㄒㄧ ㄐㄧㄣˋ）) (AD 266–316)
    • Eastern Jin (東晉（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄐㄧㄣˋ）) (AD 317–420)
  • Dynastic principalities under the Jin dynasty (晉朝藩王國（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 266–?)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Jin dynasty (晉朝異姓藩王國（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 266–420)
      • Chenliu (陳留（ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ）) (AD 266–420) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Han descent
      • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 403) – Ruled by the House of Huan (桓) of Han descent
      • Song (宋（ㄙㄨㄥˋ）) (AD 419–420) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Jin dynasty (晉朝同姓藩王國（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 266–?) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
      • Bohai (勃海（ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 266–277)
      • Chen (陳（ㄔㄣˊ）) (AD 266–277)
      • Dongguan (東莞（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄢˇ）) (AD 266–277)
      • Fufeng (扶風（ㄈㄨˊ ㄈㄥ）) (AD 266–289)
      • Taiyuan (太原（ㄊㄞˋ ㄩㄢˊ）) (AD 266–291)
      • Longxi (隴西（ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄒㄧ）) (AD 266–296)
      • Ruyin (汝陰（ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄣ）) (AD 266–277, AD ?–286, AD 300)
      • Yiyang (義陽（ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 266–301)
      • Changshan (常山（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄢ）) (AD 266–275, AD 291–301)
      • Beihai (北海（ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 266–277, AD 283–302)
      • Le'an (樂安（ㄌㄜˋ ㄢ）) (AD 266–302)
      • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (AD 266–302)
      • Zhongshan (中山（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ）) (AD 266–304)
      • Dongping (東平（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 266–307)
      • Xiapi (下邳（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄆㄧ）) (AD 266–311)
      • Pei (沛（ㄆㄟˋ）) (AD 266–311)
      • Fanyang (范陽（ㄈㄢˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 266–311)
      • Jinan (濟南（ㄐㄧˇ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 266–277, ?–AD 311)
      • Pingyuan (平原（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄩㄢˊ）) (AD 266–311)
      • Qiao (譙（ㄑㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 266–403, AD 405–415)
      • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 266–417)
      • Langya (琅邪（ㄌㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ）) (AD 266–418)
      • Gaoyang (高陽（ㄍㄠ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 266–278, AD 280–420)
      • Pengcheng (彭城（ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 266–420)
      • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 266–302, AD 303–420)
      • Hejian (河間（ㄏㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄢ）) (AD 266–306, AD 330–?)
      • Anping (安平（ㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 266–281, ?–?)
      • Chengyang (城陽（ㄔㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 269–273)
      • Nangong (南宮（ㄋㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄥ）) (AD 270–289)
      • Runan (汝南（ㄖㄨˇ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 270–420)
      • Donghai (東海（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 273–277, AD 291–402)
      • Guanghan (廣漢（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 277–280)
      • Liaodong (遼東（ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (AD 277–283)
      • Shiping (始平（ㄕˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 277–289)
      • Puyang (濮陽（ㄆㄨˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 277–289, AD 301)
      • Zhao (趙（ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 277–301)
      • Rencheng (任城（ㄖㄣˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 277–311)
      • Xihe (西河（ㄒㄧ ㄏㄜˊ）) (AD 277–311)
      • Qinghe (清河（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄜˊ）) (AD 277–311)
      • Nanyang (南陽（ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 277–289, AD 306–319)
      • Zhangwu (章武（ㄓㄤ ㄨˇ）) (AD 277–311, AD 314–405)
      • Xindu (新都（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 277–283, ?–?)
      • Leping (樂平（ㄌㄜˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 280, 302–303)
      • Donglai (東萊（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄞˊ）) (AD 283–301)
      • Changle (長樂（ㄔㄤˊ ㄌㄜˋ）) (AD 284–309)
      • Guangling (廣陵（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 289–290)
      • Piling (毗陵（ㄆㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 289–291)
      • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 289–291)
      • Yuzhang (豫章（ㄩˋ ㄓㄤ）) (AD 289–304, AD 306–311)
      • Changsha (長沙（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ）) (AD 289–291, AD 301–311)
      • Shunyang (順陽（ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 289–311)
      • Qin (秦（ㄑㄧㄣˊ）) (AD 289–312)
      • Wu (吳（ㄨˊ）) (AD 289–300, AD 301–311, AD 326–327)
      • Wuyi (武邑（ㄨˇ ㄧˋ）) (AD 289–?)
      • Han (漢（ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 289–?)
      • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (AD 289–?)
      • Chengdu (成都（ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 289–304, ?–?)
      • Huainan (淮南（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 289–311, ?–?)
      • Zhongqiu (中丘（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄡ）) (AD 291–311)
      • Xiyang (西陽（ㄒㄧ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 291–326)
      • Dong'an (東安（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄢ）) (AD 291–?)
      • Gaomi (高密（ㄍㄠ ㄇㄧˋ）) (AD 296–420)
      • Jiyang (濟陽（ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 300, AD 301–302)
      • Linhuai (臨淮（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ）) (AD 300, AD 308–311)
      • Xiangyang (襄陽（ㄒㄧㄤ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 300–311)
      • Nanping (南平（ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (?–AD 301)
      • Jingzhao (京兆（ㄐㄧㄥ ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 301)
      • Guangping (廣平（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 301)
      • Bacheng (霸城（ㄅㄚˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 301)
      • Huailing (淮陵（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 301–420)
      • Jiyang (棘陽（ㄐㄧˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 301–?)
      • Yidu (宜都（ㄧˊ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 301–?)
      • Guangyang (廣陽（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 302)
      • Xinye (新野（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄧㄝˇ）) (AD 302–311)
      • Zhongdu (中都（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 304–306)
      • Lujiang (廬江（ㄌㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ）) (AD 304–306)
      • Wuling (武陵（ㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 304–371, AD 387–420)
      • Ruyang (汝陽（ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 305–311)
      • Nandun (南頓（ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄣˋ）) (AD 305–326)
      • Shangyong (上庸（ㄕㄤˋ ㄩㄥ）) (?–AD 306)
      • Dongyan (東燕（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄧㄢ）) (AD 306–307)
      • Lecheng (樂成（ㄌㄜˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 306–330)
      • Guangchuan (廣川（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (?–AD 307)
      • Jingling (竟陵（ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 307–311)
      • Huarong (華容（ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (AD 307–311)
      • Xincai (新蔡（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄘㄞˋ）) (AD 307–420)
      • Xincai (新蔡（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄘㄞˋ）) (?–AD 308)
      • Sui (隨（ㄙㄨㄟˊ）) (?–AD 311)
      • Liangcheng (良城（ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄥˊ）) (?–AD 311)
      • Jiyin (濟陰（ㄐㄧˇ ㄧㄣ）) (?–AD 311)
      • Jin (晉（ㄐㄧㄣˋ）) (AD 317–318, AD 319–320)
      • Yiyang (弋陽（ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 326–329)
      • Kuaiji (會稽（ㄎㄨㄞˋ ㄐㄧ）) (AD 327–417)
      • Xinning (新寧（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄋㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 384–387)
      • Linchuan (臨川（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (AD 384–420)
  • Tuyuhun (吐谷渾（ㄊㄨˇ ㄩˋ ㄏㄨㄣˊ）) (AD 284–608, AD 615–663) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Qinghai (青海（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 663–9th century)
  • Qiuchi (仇池（ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄔˊ）) (AD 296–371, AD 385–442, AD 443–477, AD 478–580) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Di descent
    • Former Qiuchi (前仇池（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄔˊ）) (AD 296–371)
    • Later Qiuchi (後仇池（ㄏㄡˋ ㄑㄧㄡˊ ㄔˊ）) (AD 385–442)
    • Wudu (武都（ㄨˇ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 443–477)
    • Wuxing (武興（ㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄥ）) (AD 478–506, AD 529–553)
    • Yinping (陰平（ㄧㄣ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 479–580)
  • Mu'ege (慕俄格（ㄇㄨˋ ㄝˊ ㄍㄜˊ）) (AD 300–1698) – Ruled by the House of An (安) of Yi descent
    • Chiefdom of Shuixi (水西土司（ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1279–1698)
  • Sixteen Kingdoms (十六國（ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 304–439)
    • Han-Zhao (漢趙（ㄏㄢˋ ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 304–329) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Xiongnu descent
      • Northern Han (北漢（ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 304–319)
      • Former Zhao (前趙（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 319–329)
    • Cheng-Han (成漢（ㄔㄥˊ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 304–347) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Di descent
      • Chengdu (成都（ㄔㄥˊ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 304–306)
      • Cheng (成（ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 306–338)
      • Han (漢（ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 338–347)
    • Later Zhao (後趙（ㄏㄡˋ ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 319–351) – Ruled by the House of Shi (石) of Jie descent
      • Wei (衛（ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 350)
    • Former Liang (前涼（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 320–376) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent
      • Xiping (西平（ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 324–353, AD 355, AD 361–376)
    • Former Yan (前燕（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄧㄢ）) (AD 337–370) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Former Qin (前秦（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄣˊ）) (AD 351–394) – Ruled by the House of Fu (苻) of Di descent
    • Later Yan (後燕（ㄏㄡˋ ㄧㄢ）) (AD 384–409) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Later Qin (後秦（ㄏㄡˋ ㄑㄧㄣˊ）) (AD 384–417) – Ruled by the House of Yao (姚) of Qiang descent
    • Western Qin (西秦（ㄒㄧ ㄑㄧㄣˊ）) (AD 385–400, AD 409–431) – Ruled by the House of Qifu (乞伏) of Xianbei descent
      • Yuanchuan (苑川（ㄩㄢˋ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (AD 387–388)
      • Henan (河南（ㄏㄜˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 388–389, AD 394, AD 411–414)
      • Jincheng (金城（ㄐㄧㄣ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 389–394)
      • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 394–395)
    • Later Liang (後涼（ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 386–403) – Ruled by the House of Lü (呂) of Di descent
      • Jiuquan (酒泉（ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ）) (AD 386–389)
      • Sanhe (三河（ㄙㄢ ㄏㄜˊ）) (AD 389–396)
    • Southern Liang (南涼（ㄋㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 397–404, AD 408–414) – Ruled by the House of Tufa (禿髮) of Xianbei descent
      • Xiping (西平（ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 397–398)
      • Wuwei (武威（ㄨˇ ㄨㄟ）) (AD 398–401)
      • Hexi (河西（ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ）) (AD 401–402)
    • Northern Liang (北涼（ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 397–439) – Ruled by the House of Juqu (沮渠) of Lushuihu descent
      • Jiankang (建康（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄎㄤ）) (AD 397–399)
      • Zhangye (張掖（ㄓㄤ ㄧㄝˋ）) (AD 401–412)
      • Hexi (河西（ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ）) (AD 412–431, AD 433–439)
      • Northern Liang of Gaochang (高昌北涼（ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 442–460)
    • Southern Yan (南燕（ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄢ）) (AD 398–410) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Western Liang (西涼（ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 400–421) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
      • Later Western Liang (後西涼（ㄏㄡˋ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 422–442)
    • Hu Xia (胡夏（ㄏㄨˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ）) (AD 407–431) – Ruled by the House of Helian (赫連) of Xiongnu descent
    • Northern Yan (北燕（ㄅㄟˇ ㄧㄢ）) (AD 407–436) – Ruled by the House of Feng (馮) of Han descent
  • Tuoba tribe (拓拔部（ㄊㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–AD 310) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
  • Dai (代（ㄉㄞˋ）) (AD 310–376) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Xianbei descent
  • Dingling state (丁零（ㄉㄧㄥ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 330–388) – Ruled by the House of Zhai (翟) of Dingling descent
  • Rouran Khaganate (柔然（ㄖㄡˊ ㄖㄢˊ）) (AD 330–555) – Ruled by the House of Yujiulü (郁久閭) of Rouran descent
  • Cuan-shi (爨氏（ㄘㄨㄢˋ ㄕˋ）) (AD 330–580) – Ruled by the House of Cuan (爨) of Cuanman descent
    • Western Cuan (西爨（ㄒㄧ ㄘㄨㄢˋ）) (AD 580–786)
    • Eastern Cuan (東爨（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄘㄨㄢˋ）) (AD 672–748)
  • Yuwen tribe (宇文部（ㄩˇ ㄨㄣˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–AD 345) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xianbei descent
  • Ran Wei (冉魏（ㄖㄢˇ ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 350–352) – Ruled by the House of Ran (冉) of Han descent
  • Western Yan (西燕（ㄒㄧ ㄧㄢ）) (AD 384–394) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
    • Jibei (濟北（ㄐㄧˇ ㄅㄟˇ）) (AD 384)
  • Xianyu Zhao (鮮于趙（ㄒㄧㄢ ㄩˊ ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 385) – Ruled by the House of Xianyu (鮮于)
  • Northern and Southern dynasties (南北朝（ㄋㄢˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 386–589)
    • Northern dynasties (北朝（ㄅㄟˇ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 386–581)
      • Northern Wei (北魏（ㄅㄟˇ ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 386–535) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓跋) of Xianbei descent
        • Eastern Wei (東魏（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 534–550)
        • Western Wei (西魏（ㄒㄧ ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 535–557)
      • Northern Qi (北齊（ㄅㄟˇ ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 550–577) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Han descent
      • Northern Zhou (北周（ㄅㄟˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 557–581) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xianbei descent
    • Southern dynasties (南朝（ㄋㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 420–589)
      • Liu Song (劉宋（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ）) (AD 420–479) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
      • Southern Qi (南齊（ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (蕭) of Han descent
      • Liang dynasty (梁朝（ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 502–557) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (蕭) of Han descent
      • Chen dynasty (陳朝（ㄔㄣˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 557–589) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳) of Han descent
  • Zhai Wei (翟魏（ㄓㄞˊ ㄨㄟˋ）) (AD 388–392) – Ruled by the House of Zhai (翟) of Dingling descent
  • Southern Daifang (南帶方（ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄈㄤ）) (AD 4th century–5th century)
  • Huan Chu (桓楚（ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 403–404) – Ruled by the House of Huan (桓) of Han descent
  • Western Shu (西蜀（ㄒㄧ ㄕㄨˇ）) (AD 405–413) – Ruled by the House of Qiao (譙) of Han descent
  • Tiefu tribe (鐵弗部（ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–AD 407) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Xiongnu descent
  • Northern Jin (北晉（ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄣˋ）) (AD 414–415) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬)
  • Dynastic principalities under the Liu Song (劉宋藩王國（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 420–479)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liu Song (劉宋同姓藩王國（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 420–479) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
      • Yidu (宜都（ㄧˊ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 420–424)
      • Pengcheng (彭城（ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 420–445)
      • Luling (廬陵（ㄌㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 420–424, AD 426–477)
      • Changsha (長沙（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ）) (AD 420–479)
      • Linchuan (臨川（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (AD 420–479)
      • Yingyang (營陽（ㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 424)
      • Jingling (竟陵（ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 424–432, AD 453–459)
      • Jiangxia (江夏（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄚˋ）) (AD 424–479)
      • Hengyang (衡陽（ㄏㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 424–479)
      • Nanqiao (南譙（ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 432–453)
      • Nanfeng (南豐（ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄥ）) (AD 432–479)
      • Wuling (武陵（ㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 435–453, AD 470–479)
      • Shixing (始興（ㄕˇ ㄒㄧㄥ）) (AD 436–453)
      • Nanping (南平（ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 439–478)
      • Guangling (廣陵（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 443–449)
      • Jianping (建平（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 444–476)
      • Yiyang (義陽（ㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 445–467)
      • Donghai (東海（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 445–468)
      • Ruyin (汝陰（ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄣ）) (AD 447–452)
      • Huaiyang (淮陽（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 448–452)
      • Sui (隨（ㄙㄨㄟˊ）) (AD 449–453)
      • Wuchang (武昌（ㄨˇ ㄔㄤ）) (AD 452–455)
      • Xiangdong (湘東（ㄒㄧㄤ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (AD 452–465)
      • Jian'an (建安（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄢ）) (AD 452–471)
      • Nan (南（ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 453–454)
      • Yiyang (宜陽（ㄧˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 453–454)
      • Dongping (東平（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 454–470)
      • Hailing (海陵（ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 455–461)
      • Shanyang (山陽（ㄕㄢ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 455–468)
      • Poyang (鄱陽（ㄆㄛˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 455–471)
      • Shunyang (順陽（ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 456–457)
      • Xiyang (西陽（ㄒㄧ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 456–461)
      • Baling (巴陵（ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 456–479)
      • Guiyang (桂陽（ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 457–474)
      • Anlu (安陸（ㄢ ㄌㄨˋ）) (AD 458–465)
      • Xiangyang (襄陽（ㄒㄧㄤ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 460)
      • Liyang (歷陽（ㄌㄧˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 460–461)
      • Jin'an (晉安（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄢ）) (AD 460–466)
      • Xunyang (尋陽（ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 460–466)
      • Xin'an (新安（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄢ）) (AD 460–467)
      • Yuzhang (豫章（ㄩˋ ㄓㄤ）) (AD 461–465)
      • Linhai (臨海（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 461–466)
      • Yongjia (永嘉（ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄚ）) (AD 461–466)
      • Shi'an (始安（ㄕˇ ㄢ）) (AD 461–466, AD 471–476)
      • Jinling (晉陵（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 462)
      • Shaoling (邵陵（ㄕㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 462–466, AD 474–479)
      • Linhe (臨賀（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄜˋ）) (AD 463–465)
      • Nanhai (南海（ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 463–465)
      • Huainan (淮南（ㄏㄨㄞˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 463–466)
      • Ancheng (安成（ㄢ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 466, AD 471–477)
      • Jinxi (晉熙（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧ）) (AD 467–479)
      • Shiping (始平（ㄕˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 467–479)
      • Lujiang (廬江（ㄌㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄤ）) (AD 468–469)
      • Jinping (晉平（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 468–471)
      • Linqing (臨慶（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄑㄧㄥˋ）) (AD 470–471)
      • Nanyang (南陽（ㄋㄢˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 476–478)
      • Xinxing (新興（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥ）) (AD 476–479)
      • Shijian (始建（ㄕˇ ㄐㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 476–479)
      • Suiyang (隨陽（ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 478–479)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liu Song (劉宋異姓藩王國（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 420–479)
      • Lingling (零陵（ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 420–479) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
      • Chenliu (陳留（ㄔㄣˊ ㄌㄧㄡˊ）) (AD 421–479) – Ruled by the House of Cao (曹) of Han descent
      • Qi (齊（ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 479) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (蕭) of Han descent
  • Yifu Wudi (乙弗勿敵（ㄧˇ ㄈㄨˊ ㄨˋ ㄉㄧˊ）) (?–AD 429) – Ruled by the House of Yifu (乙弗) of Xianbei descent
  • Dengzhi (鄧至（ㄉㄥˋ ㄓˋ）) (AD 430–554) – Ruled by the House of Xiang (像) of Qiang descent
  • Gaochang (高昌（ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ）) (AD 460–640)
    • Gaochang of Kan-shi (闞氏高昌（ㄎㄢˋ ㄕˋ ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ）) (AD 460–488) – Ruled by the House of Kan (闞)
    • Gaochang of Zhang-shi (張氏高昌（ㄓㄤ ㄕˋ ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ）) (AD 488–496) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent
    • Gaochang of Ma-shi (馬氏高昌（ㄇㄚˇ ㄕˋ ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ）) (AD 496–501) – Ruled by the House of Ma (馬)
    • Gaochang of Qu-shi (麴氏高昌（ㄑㄩ ㄕˋ ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ）) (AD 501–640) – Ruled by the House of Qu (麴) of Han descent
  • Dynastic principalities under the Southern Qi (南齊藩王國（ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 479–502)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Southern Qi (南齊同姓藩王國（ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (蕭) of Han descent
      • Nan (南（ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 479–493, ?–AD 498)
      • Guiyang (桂陽（ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 479–494, AD 495–498, ?–AD 502)
      • Shi'an (始安（ㄕˇ ㄢ）) (AD 479–502)
      • Yuzhang (豫章（ㄩˋ ㄓㄤ）) (AD 479–502)
      • Linchuan (臨川（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (AD 479–502)
      • Changsha (長沙（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ）) (AD 479–502)
      • Wuling (武陵（ㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 479–502)
      • Ancheng (安成（ㄢ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 479–502)
      • Hengyang (衡陽（ㄏㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 479–494, AD 495–502)
      • Poyang (鄱陽（ㄆㄛˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 479–494, AD 501–502)
      • Guangxing (廣興（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄒㄧㄥ）) (AD 479–?)
      • Jiangxia (江夏（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄚˋ）) (AD 481–500)
      • Anlu (安陸（ㄢ ㄌㄨˋ）) (AD 482–499)
      • Jingling (竟陵（ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 482–499)
      • Sui (随（ㄙㄨㄟˊ）) (AD 482–499)
      • Jian'an (建安（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄢ）) (AD 482–501)
      • Luling (廬陵（ㄌㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 482–502)
      • Jin'an (晉安（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄢ）) (AD 482–502)
      • Wuchang (武昌（ㄨˇ ㄔㄤ）) (AD 483–485)
      • Yidu (宜都（ㄧˊ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 483–494)
      • Nanping (南平（ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 483–495)
      • Nanhai (南海（ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 483–495)
      • Baling (巴陵（ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 484–494, AD 495–498, AD 499–502)
      • Xiyang (西陽（ㄒㄧ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 485–498)
      • Hedong (河東（ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (AD 486–498)
      • Jinxi (晉熙（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄒㄧ）) (AD 486–494, ?–AD 502)
      • Shaoling (邵陵（ㄕㄠˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 486–502)
      • Badong (巴東（ㄅㄚ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (AD 488–490)
      • Shu (蜀（ㄕㄨˇ）) (AD 489–495)
      • Guanghan (廣漢（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 489–495)
      • Yongyang (永陽（ㄩㄥˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 489–498)
      • Linhe (臨賀（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄜˋ）) (AD 489–498)
      • Xuancheng (宣城（ㄒㄩㄢ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 489–490, AD 494, AD 500–501)
      • Yi'an (義安（ㄧˋ ㄢ）) (AD 489–?)
      • Nankang (南康（ㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄤ）) (AD 490–498, AD 499–500)
      • Xiangdong (湘東（ㄒㄧㄤ ㄉㄨㄥ）) (AD 490–498, AD 499–502)
      • Xin'an (新安（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄢ）) (AD 493–494)
      • Linhai (臨海（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 493–495)
      • Yongjia (永嘉（ㄩㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄚ）) (AD 493–495)
      • Hailing (海陵（ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 494)
      • Shixing (始興（ㄕˇ ㄒㄧㄥ）) (?–AD 502)
      • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 502)
    • Non-agnatic dynastic principalities under the Southern Qi (南齊異姓藩王國（ㄋㄢˊ ㄑㄧˊ ㄧˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 479–502)
      • Lingling (零陵（ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Sima (司馬) of Han descent
      • Ruyin (汝陰（ㄖㄨˇ ㄧㄣ）) (AD 479–502) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
  • Gaoche (高車（ㄍㄠ ㄔㄜ）) (AD 487–541) – Ruled by the House of Fufuluo (副伏羅) of Tiele descent
  • Dynastic principalities under the Liang dynasty (梁朝藩王國（ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 502–?)
    • Agnatic dynastic principalities under the Liang dynasty (梁朝同姓藩王國（ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 502–?) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (蕭) of Han descent
      • Linchuan (臨川（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨㄢ）) (AD 502–?, AD 550–557)
      • Changsha (長沙（ㄔㄤˊ ㄕㄚ）) (AD 503–557)
      • Yongyang (永陽（ㄩㄥˇ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 503–?)
      • Hengyang (衡陽（ㄏㄥˊ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 504–?)
      • Guiyang (桂陽（ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 504–549, AD 550–557)
  • Hou Han (侯漢（ㄏㄡˊ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 551–552) – Ruled by the House of Hou (侯) of Jie descent
  • First Turkic Khaganate (突厥汗國（ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 552–581) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
    • Eastern Turkic Khaganate (東突厥（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ）) (AD 581–630)
      • Later Eastern Turkic Khaganate (後東突厥（ㄏㄡˋ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ）) (AD 639–681)
    • Western Turkic Khaganate (西突厥（ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ）) (AD 581–657)
      • Xingxiwang Khaganate of Left Wing (左廂興昔亡汗國（ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄒㄧ ㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 657–736)
      • Jiwangjue Khaganate of Right Wing (右廂繼往絕汗國（ㄧㄡˋ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄐㄧˋ ㄨㄤˇ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 657–742)
  • Möng Mao (勐卯（ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄠˇ）) (AD 560–1604)
    • Hunlu–Hunlai dynasty (混魯混賴王朝（ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄌㄞˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (?–?)
    • Hundeng dynasty (混等王朝（ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄥˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (?–?)
    • Yalu dynasty (雅魯王朝（ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄥˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 954–1330)
    • Si-shi dynasty (思氏王朝（ㄙ ㄕˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1335–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (思) of Dai descent
  • Tanchang (宕昌（ㄊㄢˋ ㄔㄤ）) (?–AD 564) – Ruled by the House of Liang (梁) of Qiang descent
  • Sui dynasty (隋朝（ㄙㄨㄟˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 581–619) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Sizhou (思州土司（ㄙ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 582–1413) – Ruled by the House of Tian (田)
    • Chiefdom of Sinan (思南土司（ㄙ ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1364–1414)
  • Eastern Queendom (東女國（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄩˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 6th century–8th century)
  • Bolü (勃律（ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄩˋ）) (AD 6th century–8th century)
    • Lesser Bolü (小勃律（ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄩˋ）) (AD 7th century–8th century)
    • Greater Bolü (大勃律（ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄩˋ）) (AD 7th century–8th century)
  • Xueyantuo (薛延陀（ㄒㄩㄝ ㄧㄢˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 605–646) – Ruled by the House of Yilidie (壹利咥) of Xueyantuo descent
  • Lin Chu (林楚（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 616–622) – Ruled by the House of Lin (林) of Han descent
  • Xia (夏（ㄒㄧㄚˋ）) (AD 617–621) – Ruled by the House of Dou (竇) of Han descent
  • Later Western Liang (後西梁（ㄏㄡˋ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 617–621) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (蕭) of Han descent
  • Liang (梁（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 617–628) – Ruled by the House of Liang (梁) of Han descent
  • Liang (涼（ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 618–619) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
  • Xu (許（ㄒㄩˇ）) (AD 618–619) – Ruled by the House of Yuwen (宇文) of Xiongnu descent
  • Tibetan Empire (吐蕃（ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ）) (AD 618–842) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
  • Tang dynasty (唐朝（ㄊㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 618–690, AD 705–907) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
    • Wu Zhou (武周（ㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 690–705) – Interrupted the Tang dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wu (武) of Han descent
  • Zheng (鄭（ㄓㄥˋ）) (AD 619–621) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Wu (吳（ㄨˊ）) (AD 619–621) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Later Sui (後隋（ㄏㄡˋ ㄙㄨㄟˊ）) (AD 620–630) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Han descent
  • Tokhara Yabghu State (吐火羅葉護國（ㄊㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 625–758) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
  • Tangmao (唐旄（ㄊㄤˊ ㄇㄠˊ）) (?–AD 632)
  • Pugu tribe (僕固部（ㄆㄨˊ ㄍㄨˋ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 647–765) – Ruled by the House of Pugu (僕固) of Tiele descent
  • Second Turkic Khaganate (後突厥（ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄨ ㄐㄩㄝˊ）) (AD 682–745) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
  • Balhae (渤海（ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 698–926) – Ruled by the House of Dae (大) of Mohe or Goguryeo descent
    • Zhen (振（ㄓㄣˋ）) (AD 698–713)
  • Türgesh Khaganate (突騎施（ㄊㄨ ㄑㄧˊ ㄕ）) (AD 699–766)
  • Little Gaogouli (小高句麗（ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄍㄠ ㄍㄡ ㄌㄧˊ）) (AD 699–820) – Hypothesized
  • Wuluohun (烏羅渾（ㄨ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ）) (?–AD 7th century)
  • Dahe-shi (大賀氏（ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄜˋ ㄕˋ）) (?–AD 730) – Ruled by the House of Dahe (大賀) of Khitan descent
  • Yaonian-shi (遙輦氏（ㄧㄠˊ ㄋㄧㄢˇ ㄕˋ）) (AD 730–906) – Ruled by the House of Yaonian (遙輦) of Khitan descent
  • Basmyl Khaganate (拔悉密汗國（ㄅㄚˊ ㄒㄧ ㄇㄧˋ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 742–744) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
  • Uyghur Khaganate (回鶻汗國（ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 744–840) – Ruled by the House of Yaglakar (藥羅葛) of Uyghur descent and the House of Ädiz (阿跌) of Tiele descent
  • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (AD 756–763)
    • Former Yan (前燕（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄧㄢ）) (AD 756–759) – Ruled by the House of An (安) of Sogdian descent
    • Later Yan (後燕（ㄏㄡˋ ㄧㄢ）) (AD 759–763) – Ruled by the House of Shi (史) of Göktürk descent
  • Karluk Yabghu State (葛邏祿葉護國（ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨˋ ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄨˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 756–840) – Ruled by the House of Ashina (阿史那) of Göktürk descent
  • Ji (冀（ㄐㄧˋ）) (AD 782–784) – Ruled by the House of Zhu (朱) of Han descent
  • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 784–786) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
  • Kepantuo (渴盤陀（ㄎㄜˇ ㄆㄢˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ）) (?–AD 8th century)
  • Tatar confederation (塔塔兒部（ㄊㄚˇ ㄊㄚˇ ㄦˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 8th century–1202)
  • Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate (黠戛斯汗國（ㄒㄧㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄚˊ ㄙ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 840–1207) – Ruled by the House of Ajo (阿熱) of Yenisei Kyrgyz descent
  • Kara-Khanid Khanate (喀喇汗國（ㄎㄚ ㄌㄚˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 840–1212)
    • Eastern Kara-Khanid (東喀喇汗國（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄎㄚ ㄌㄚˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1032–1210)
    • Western Kara-Khanid (西喀喇汗國（ㄒㄧ ㄎㄚ ㄌㄚˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1041–1212)
  • Qocho Uyghur Kingdom (高昌回鶻（ㄍㄠ ㄔㄤ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ）) (AD 843–1360)
  • Guiyi Circuit (歸義軍（ㄍㄨㄟ ㄧˋ ㄐㄩㄣ）) (AD 851–1036) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent and the House of Cao (曹)
    • Xihan Jinshan (西漢金山（ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄕㄢ）) (AD 910–?)
    • Xihan Dunhuang (西漢敦煌（ㄒㄧ ㄏㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄏㄨㄤˊ）) (?–AD 914)
  • Wamo (嗢末（ㄨㄚˋ ㄇㄛˋ）) (AD 863–960) – Ruled by the House of Lun (論) of Tibetan descent
  • Chiefdom of Bozhou (播州土司（ㄅㄛ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 876–1600) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Yi descent
  • Era of Fragmentation of Tibet (吐蕃分裂時期（ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ ㄈㄣ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄕˊ ㄑㄧ）) (AD 877–1264)
    • Lhachen dynasty (拉達克王系（ㄌㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ）) (AD 930–1460)
    • Guge dynasty (古格王系（ㄍㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ）) (AD 967–1635) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
      • Purang-Guge Kingdom (普蘭-古格王國（ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄍㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Yatse dynasty (亞澤王系（ㄧㄚˋ ㄗㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ）) (AD 12th century–1801)
    • Lhasa dynasty (拉薩王系（ㄌㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ）) (?–?)
    • Yarlung dynasty (雅隆覺阿王系（ㄧㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄐㄩㄝˊ ㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
    • Puhrang dynasty (普蘭王系（ㄆㄨˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
    • Gungthang dynasty (貢塘王系（ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄤˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
    • Lhagyari dynasty (拉加里王系（ㄌㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄒㄧˋ）) (?–?)
  • Huang Qi (黃齊（ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 881–884) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黃) of Han descent
  • Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (甘州回鶻（ㄍㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ）) (AD 894–1036) – Ruled by the House of Yaglakar (藥羅葛) of Uyghur descent
  • Kucha Uyghur Kingdom (龜茲回鶻（ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ）) (AD 9th century–11th century)
  • Qi (岐（ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 901–924) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
  • Later Three Dynasties of Yunnan (雲南後三朝（ㄩㄣˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄙㄢ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 902–937)
    • Dachanghe (大長和（ㄉㄚˋ ㄔㄤˊ ㄏㄜˊ）) (AD 902–928) – Ruled by the House of Zheng (鄭) of Han descent
    • Datianxing (大天興（ㄉㄚˋ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄥ）) (AD 928–929) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙)
    • Dayining (大義寧（ㄉㄚˋ ㄧˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 929–937) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Han descent
  • Liugu tribe (六谷部（ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 906–1016) – Ruled by the House of Zhebu (折逋) of Tibetan descent
  • Shatuo tribe (沙陀部（ㄕㄚ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–AD 907) – Ruled by the House of Zhuye (朱邪) of Shatuo descent
  • Zhao (趙（ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 907–921) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Uyghur descent
  • Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十國（ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 907–979)
    • Five Dynasties (五代（ㄨˇ ㄉㄞˋ）) (AD 907–960)
      • Later Liang (後梁（ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 907–923) – Ruled by the House of Zhu (朱) of Han descent
      • Later Tang (後唐（ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄤˊ）) (AD 923–937) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Shatuo descent
        • Former Jin (前晉（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄣˋ）) (AD 907–923)
        • Li Liang (李梁（ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ）) (AD 946–947)
      • Later Jin (後晉（ㄏㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣˋ）) (AD 936–947) – Ruled by the House of Shi (石) of Shatuo descent
      • Later Han (後漢（ㄏㄡˋ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 947–951) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Shatuo descent
      • Later Zhou (後周（ㄏㄡˋ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 951–960) – Ruled by the House of Guo (郭) of Han descent
    • Ten Kingdoms (十國（ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 907–979)
      • Former Shu (前蜀（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄕㄨˇ）) (AD 907–925) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han descent
        • Han (漢（ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 917–918)
      • Yang Wu (楊吳（ㄧㄤˊ ㄨˊ）) (AD 907–937) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Han descent
        • Hongnong (弘農（ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄋㄨㄥˊ）) (AD 905–910)
      • Ma Chu (馬楚（ㄇㄚˇ ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 907–951) – Ruled by the House of Ma (馬) of Han descent
      • Wuyue (吳越（ㄨˊ ㄩㄝˋ）) (AD 907–978) – Ruled by the House of Qian (錢) of Han descent
      • Min (閩（ㄇㄧㄣˇ）) (AD 909–945) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han descent
        • Yin (殷（ㄧㄣ）) (AD 943–945)
      • Southern Han (南漢（ㄋㄢˊ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 917–971) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
        • Yue (越（ㄩㄝˋ）) (AD 917)
      • Jingnan (荊南（ㄐㄧㄥ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 924–963) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Han descent
        • Bohai (渤海（ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 913–924, AD 932–934)
        • Nanping (南平（ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 924–929, AD 934–960)
      • Later Shu (後蜀（ㄏㄡˋ ㄕㄨˇ）) (AD 934–965) – Ruled by the House of Meng (孟) of Han descent
      • Southern Tang (南唐（ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄤˊ）) (AD 937–976) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
        • Xu Qi (徐齊（ㄒㄩˊ ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 937–939)
        • Jiangnan (江南（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 971–976)
      • Northern Han (北漢（ㄅㄟˇ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 951–979) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Shatuo descent
  • Beiping (北平（ㄅㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 909–929) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Han descent
  • Yan (燕（ㄧㄢ）) (AD 911–913) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
  • Liao dynasty (遼朝（ㄌㄧㄠˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 916–1125) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
    • Northern Liao (北遼（ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 1122–1123)
    • Northwestern Liao (西北遼（ㄒㄧ ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 1123)
    • Western Liao (西遼（ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 1124–1218)
  • Dongdan (東丹（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄉㄢ）) (AD 926–936) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
  • Later Bohai (後渤海（ㄏㄡˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 928–976) – Ruled by the House of Da (大) of Mohe descent
  • Dali (大理（ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ）) (AD 937–1094, AD 1096–1253) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Baiman descent
    • Former Dali (前大理（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ）) (AD 937–1094)
    • Later Dali (後大理（ㄏㄡˋ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ）) (AD 1096–1253)
    • Dali Chief Steward (大理總管（ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨㄢˇ）) (AD 1257–1382)
  • Jeongan (定安（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄢ）) (AD 938–986) – Ruled by the House of Yeol (烈) and the House of Oh (烏)
  • Song dynasty (宋朝（ㄙㄨㄥˋ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 960–1279) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙) of Han descent
    • Northern Song (北宋（ㄅㄟˇ ㄙㄨㄥˋ）) (AD 960–1127)
    • Southern Song (南宋（ㄋㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ）) (AD 1127–1279)
  • Chiefdom of Shuidong (水東土司（ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 975–1630) – Ruled by the House of Song (宋)
  • Restored Bohai (再興渤海（ㄗㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 979–1018) – Ruled by the House of Da (大) of Mohe descent
  • Li Shu (李蜀（ㄌㄧˇ ㄕㄨˇ）) (AD 994) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Han descent
  • Wure (兀惹（ㄨˋ ㄖㄜˇ）) (AD 995–996) – Ruled by the House of Wu (烏)
  • Five Nations (五國部（ㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 1003–?)
    • Pou'ali (剖阿里（ㄆㄡ ㄚ ㄌㄧˇ）) (?–?)
    • Aolimi (奧里米（ㄠˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄧˇ）) (?–?)
    • Yuelidu (越里篤（ㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄉㄨˇ）) (?–?)
    • Pennuli (盆奴里（ㄆㄣˊ ㄋㄨˊ ㄌㄧˇ）) (?–?)
    • Yueliji (越里吉（ㄩㄝˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄧˊ）) (?–?)
  • Xingliao (興遼（ㄒㄧㄥ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 1029–1030) – Ruled by the House of Da (大) of Mohe descent
  • Changqi (長其（ㄔㄤˊ ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 1029–1055) – Ruled by the House of Nungz (儂) of Zhuang descent
    • Dali (大歷（ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˋ）) (AD 1041–1045)
    • Nantian (南天（ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄧㄢ）) (AD 1045–1052)
    • Danan (大南（ㄉㄚˋ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 1052–1055)
  • Tsongkha (唃廝囉國（ㄍㄨ ㄙ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1032–1104) – Ruled by the House of sPu-rgyal (悉補野) of Tibetan descent
  • Tuoba tribe (拓拔部（ㄊㄨㄛˋ ㄅㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–AD 1038) – Ruled by the House of Tuoba (拓拔) of Tangut descent
  • Western Xia (西夏（ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧㄚˋ）) (AD 1038–1227) – Ruled by the House of Weiming (嵬名) of Tangut descent
  • Luoshi Kingdom (羅氏鬼國（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1042–1278)
  • Yongkang Aboriginal County (永康土縣（ㄩㄥˇ ㄎㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 1053–1472) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Mingying Aboriginal Prefecture (茗盈土州（ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1053–1916) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Xialei Aboriginal Prefecture (下雷土州（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄟˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1053–1928)
  • Nadi Aboriginal Prefecture (那地土州（ㄋㄚˋ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1068–1927)
  • Shazhou Uyghur Kingdom (沙州回鶻（ㄕㄚ ㄓㄡ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ）) (?–AD 1071)
  • Nandan Aboriginal Prefecture (南丹土州（ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1080–1919) – Ruled by the House of Mo (莫) of Zhuang descent
  • Dazhong (大中（ㄉㄚˋ ㄓㄨㄥ）) (AD 1094–1096) – Interrupted the Dali Kingdom; Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Baiman descent
    • Chiefdom of Yao'an (姚安土司（ㄧㄠˊ ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1147–1729)
    • Chiefdom of Heqing (鶴慶土司（ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1253–1437)
    • Chiefdom of Yongsheng (永勝土司（ㄩㄥˇ ㄕㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1946)
  • Keraite state (克烈（ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄧㄝˋ）) (AD 11th century–13th century)
  • Chiefdom of Baishan (白山土司（ㄅㄞˊ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 11th century–1915)
  • Zhongzhou Aboriginal Prefecture (忠州土州（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1916)
  • Sizhou Aboriginal Prefecture (思州土州（ㄙ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1916)
  • Quanming Aboriginal Prefecture (全茗土州（ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1916) – Ruled by the House of Xu (許)
  • Zhenyuan Aboriginal Prefecture (鎮遠土州（ㄓㄣˋ ㄩㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1916)
  • Jie'an Aboriginal Prefecture (結安土州（ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1916) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張)
  • Shangying Aboriginal Prefecture (上映土州（ㄕㄤˋ ㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1917)
  • Guide Aboriginal Prefecture (歸德土州（ㄍㄨㄟ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1917) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黃)
  • Jiangzhou Aboriginal Prefecture (江州土州（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1918)
  • Xiashixi Aboriginal Prefecture (下石西土州（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄕˊ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1927)
  • Luoyang Aboriginal County (羅陽土縣（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 11th century–1927) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黃)
  • Luobai Aboriginal County (羅白土縣（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄞˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 11th century–1927)
  • Taiping Aboriginal Prefecture (太平土州（ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 11th century–1928) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Shanglin Aboriginal County (上林土縣（ㄕㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 11th century–1928)
  • Chiefdom of Lingtsang (林蔥土司（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄘㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 11th century–1959)
  • Ziqi (自杞（ㄗˋ ㄑㄧˇ）) (AD 1100–1259)
  • Fengshan Aboriginal Prefecture (鳳山土州（ㄈㄥˋ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1106–1926)
  • Jin dynasty (金朝（ㄐㄧㄣ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1115–1234) – Ruled by the House of Wanyan (完顏) of Jurchen descent
  • Great Bohai (大渤海（ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄛˊ ㄏㄞˇ）) (AD 1116) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高)
  • Xi (奚（ㄒㄧ）) (AD 1123) – Ruled by the House of Xiao (蕭) of Kumo Xi descent
  • Chu (楚（ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 1127) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Shizhu (石砫土司（ㄕˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1129–1761) – Ruled by the House of Ma (馬) of Tujia descent
  • Liu Qi (劉齊（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 1130–1137) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Han descent
  • Shizhu Anfusi Qianshi (石砫安撫司僉事（ㄕˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄢ ㄈㄨˇ ㄙ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄕˋ）) (AD 1131–1599) – Ruled by the House of Ran (冉)
  • Khamag Mongol (蒙兀（ㄇㄥˇ ㄨˋ）) (AD 1148–1171) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Former Northwestern Liao (前西北遼（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 1161–1164) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
  • Ren Chu (任楚（ㄖㄣˊ ㄔㄨˇ）) (AD 1170) – Ruled by the House of Ren (任) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Nangqên (囊謙土司（ㄋㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1175–1955) – Ruled by the House of Zhi (智) of Tibetan descent
  • Chiang Hung (景隴金殿國（ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1180–1950)
    • Chiefdom of Cheli (車里土司（ㄔㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1384–?)
  • Later Northwestern Liao (後西北遼（ㄏㄡˋ ㄒㄧ ㄅㄟˇ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 1196) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
  • Imucu (伊姆諸（ㄧ ㄇㄨˇ ㄓㄨ）) (AD 12th century–1925)
  • Chiefdom of Luowu (羅婺土司（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 12th century–20th century) – Ruled by the House of Feng (鳳)
  • Naiman state (乃蠻（ㄋㄞˇ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–AD 1206) – Ruled by the House of Güčügüt (古出古惕) of Naiman descent
    • Northern Naiman (北乃蠻（ㄅㄟˇ ㄋㄞˇ ㄇㄢˊ）) (AD 1198–1204)
    • Southern Naiman (南乃蠻（ㄋㄢˊ ㄋㄞˇ ㄇㄢˊ）) (AD 1198–1206)
  • Mongol Empire (蒙古帝國（ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1206–1368) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
    • Ögedei Khanate (窩闊台汗國（ㄨㄛ ㄎㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1225–1309)
    • Chagatai Khanate (察合台汗國（ㄔㄚˊ ㄍㄜˇ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1225–1346)
      • Western Chagatai Khanate (西察合台汗國（ㄒㄧ ㄔㄚˊ ㄍㄜˇ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1346–1402)
      • Eastern Chagatai Khanate (東察合台汗國（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄔㄚˊ ㄍㄜˇ ㄊㄞˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1347–1680)
        • Beshbalik (別失八里（ㄅㄧㄝˊ ㄕ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄧˇ）) (AD 1389–1418)
        • Ili Baliq (亦力把里（ㄧˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄅㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ）) (AD 1418–1508)
        • Turpan Khanate (吐魯番汗國（ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄢ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1487–1660)
        • Yarkent Khanate (葉爾羌汗國（ㄧㄝˋ ㄦˇ ㄑㄧㄤ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1514–1705)
    • Yuan dynasty (元朝（ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1271–1368)
  • Wu Shu (吳蜀（ㄨˊ ㄕㄨˇ）) (AD 1207) – Ruled by the House of Wu (吳) of Han descent
  • Eastern Liao (東遼（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 1213–1269) – Ruled by the House of Yelü (耶律) of Khitan descent
    • Later Liao (後遼（ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (AD 1216–1219)
  • Eastern Xia (東夏（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄚˋ）) (AD 1215–1233) – Ruled by the House of Puxian (蒲鮮) of Jurchen descent
  • Möng Kawng (孟拱（ㄇㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄥˇ）) (AD 1215–1796)
  • Kingdom of Mangalai (曼尕賴（ㄇㄢˋ ㄍㄚˇ ㄌㄞˋ）) (AD 1220–1877)
  • Laduijiang (拉堆絳（ㄌㄚ ㄉㄨㄟ ㄐㄧㄤˋ）) (AD 1227–1610)
  • Sakya dynasty (薩迦王朝（ㄙㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1253–1358) – Ruled by the House of Khön (昆) of Tibetan descent
  • Ningzhou Tuzhizhou (寧州土知州（ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1254–?) – Ruled by the House of Lu (祿) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Luomeng (落蒙土司（ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1255–1270) – Ruled by the House of Uriankhai (兀良哈)
  • Chiefdom of Menggen (孟艮土司（ㄇㄥˋ ㄍㄣˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1263–1959) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Two Petty Principalities under the Yuan dynasty (元朝二小王國（ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄦˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1269–?) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
    • Principality of Xiping (西平王國（ㄒㄧ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1269–?)
    • Principality of Liang (梁王國（ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1290–1382)
  • Chiefdom of Wusa (烏撒土司（ㄨ ㄙㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1276–1666)
  • Chiefdom of Wumeng (烏蒙土司（ㄨ ㄇㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1276–1727)
  • Chiefdom of Mangbu (芒部土司（ㄇㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1276–1727) – Ruled by the House of Long (隴) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Manyi (蠻夷土司（ㄇㄢˊ ㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1276–19th century) – Ruled by the House of Wen (文)
  • Chiefdom of Malong Prefecture (馬龍州土司（ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1276–?) – Ruled by the House of An (安) of Yi descent
  • Mengzi County Tuxiancheng (蒙自縣土縣丞（ㄇㄥˊ ㄗˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 1276–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Tong'an Prefecture (通安州土司（ㄊㄨㄥ ㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1277–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Bai descent
  • Chuxiong Tuxunjian (楚雄土巡檢（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 13th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Mongol descent
  • Chiefdom of Rongmei (容美土司（ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄟˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1310–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tian (田) of Tujia descent
  • Chiefdom of Shunning Prefecture (順寧府土司（ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1327–?) – Ruled by the House of Meng (猛) of Blang descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengqing (蒙慶土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1327–?)
  • Babai Dengchu Xuanweisi (八百等處宣慰司（ㄅㄚ ㄅㄞˇ ㄉㄥˇ ㄔㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄙ）) (AD 1331–?, AD 1346–?)
  • Three Great Principalities under the Yuan dynasty (元朝三大王國（ㄩㄢˊ ㄔㄠˊ ㄙㄢ ㄉㄚˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–AD 1332) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
    • Principality of Beiping (北平王國（ㄅㄟˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–AD 1282)
    • Principality of Yan (燕王國（ㄧㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1262–1331)
    • Principality of Anxi (安西王國（ㄢ ㄒㄧ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1272–1332)
  • Chiefdom of Langqu (蒗蕖土司（ㄌㄤˋ ㄑㄩˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1332–1917) – Ruled by the House of A (阿)
  • Chiefdom of Laogao (老告土司（ㄌㄠˇ ㄍㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1338–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jindong (金峒土司（ㄐㄧㄣ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1346–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tan (覃) of Tujia descent
  • Tianwan (天完（ㄊㄧㄢ ㄨㄢˊ）) (AD 1351–1360) – Ruled by the House of Xu (徐) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhongxiao (忠孝土司（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1351–1734) – Ruled by the House of Tian (田) of Tujia descent
  • Zhang Zhou (張周（ㄓㄤ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1354–1357) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent
    • Zhang Wu (張吳（ㄓㄤ ㄨˊ）) (AD 1363–1367)
  • Phagmodrupa dynasty (帕木竹巴（ㄆㄚˋ ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄅㄚ）) (AD 1354–1618) – Ruled by the House of rLangs Lha-gzigs (朗林色) of Tibetan descent
  • Han Song (韓宋（ㄏㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄥˋ）) (AD 1355–1366) – Ruled by the House of Han (韓) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Tangya (唐崖土司（ㄊㄤˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1355–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tan (覃) of Mongol descent
  • Chen Han (陳漢（ㄔㄣˊ ㄏㄢˋ）) (AD 1360–1364) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳) of Han descent
  • Shangxiadong Aboriginal Prefecture (上下凍土州（ㄕㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1360–1927)
  • Ming Xia (明夏（ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄚˋ）) (AD 1363–1371) – Ruled by the House of Ming (明) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Maogang (茅岡土司（ㄇㄠˊ ㄍㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1364–20th century) – Ruled by the House of Tan (覃) of Tujia descent
  • Ming dynasty (明朝（ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1368–1644) – Ruled by the House of Zhu (朱) of Han descent
    • Western Wu (西吳（ㄒㄧ ㄨˊ）) (AD 1364–1368)
    • Southern Ming (南明（ㄋㄢˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 1644–1662)
  • Chiefdom of Tianping (添平土司（ㄊㄧㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1369–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tan (覃) of Tujia descent
  • Wancheng Aboriginal Prefecture (萬承土州（ㄨㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1369–1927) – Ruled by the House of Xu (許)
  • Chiefdom of Qianlongdong (遷隆峒土司（ㄑㄧㄢ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1369–1927)
  • Chiefdom of Shanglong (上龍土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1369–1928)
  • Chiefdom of Zhonglu (忠路土司（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1371–1390, AD 1407–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tan (覃) of Tujia descent
  • Xundian Tuzhifu (尋甸土知府（ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄈㄨˇ）) (AD 1372–?)
  • Chiefdom of Gaoluo (高羅土司（ㄍㄠ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1373–?, AD 1407–1735) – Ruled by the House of Tian (田) of Tujia descent
  • Chiefdom of Biligongwa (必力工瓦土司（ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄥ ㄨㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1373–?)
  • Chiefdom of Baojing Prefecture (保靖州土司（ㄅㄠˇ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–1729) – Ruled by the House of Peng (彭)
  • Chiefdom of Duogandan (朵甘丹土司（ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄉㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Duogancangtang (朵甘倉溏土司（ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄘㄤ ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Duogansi Xuanweishisi (朵甘思宣慰使司（ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄙ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄕˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Duogansi Zhaotaosi (朵甘思招討司（ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄙ ㄓㄠ ㄊㄠˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Duogansi Qianhusuo (朵甘思千戶所（ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄙ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄏㄨˋ ㄙㄨㄛˇ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Duoganchuan (朵甘川土司（ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Duoganlongda (朵甘隴答土司（ㄉㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢ ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mo'erkan (磨兒勘土司（ㄇㄛˊ ㄦˊ ㄎㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dasima (答思麻土司（ㄉㄚˊ ㄙ ㄇㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Changhexi (長河西土司（ㄔㄤˊ ㄏㄜˊ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?)
  • Chiefdom of Longmu (隴木土司（ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄇㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Chiefdom of Jingzhou (靜州土司（ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董)
  • Chiefdom of Yuexipeng (岳希蓬土司（ㄩㄝˋ ㄒㄧ ㄆㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1374–?) – Ruled by the House of Kun (坤)
  • Chiefdom of Yimeidong (邑梅洞土司（ㄧˋ ㄇㄟˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1375–1736)
  • Chiefdom of Sha'erke (沙兒可土司（ㄕㄚ ㄦˊ ㄎㄜˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Naizhu (乃竹土司（ㄋㄞˇ ㄓㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Luosiduan (羅思端土司（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Elisi (俄力思土司（ㄝˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dalong (答籠土司（ㄉㄚˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1375–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shiyedong (石耶洞土司（ㄕˊ ㄧㄝ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1375–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Donglan Aboriginal Prefecture (東蘭土州（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄌㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1379–1729)
  • Kara Del (哈密國（ㄏㄚ ㄇㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1380–1513) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Kingdom of Mustang (木斯塘王國（ㄇㄨˋ ㄙ ㄊㄤˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1380–2008)
  • Chiefdom of Yongning (永寧土司（ㄩㄥˇ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–1956) – Ruled by the House of A (阿) of Mosuo descent
  • Chiefdom of Baishuiguan (白水關土司（ㄅㄞˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Chiefdom of Anning Prefecture (安寧州土司（ㄢ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Nan'an Prefecture (南安州土司（ㄋㄢˊ ㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Chiefdom of Lubiao (祿脿土司（ㄌㄨˋ ㄅㄧㄠ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Axidongcu (阿昔洞簇土司（ㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Baimalucu (白馬路簇土司（ㄅㄞˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Beidingcu (北定簇土司（ㄅㄟˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lazacu (蠟匝簇土司（ㄌㄚˋ ㄗㄚ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Maizacu (麥匝簇土司（ㄇㄞˋ ㄗㄚ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zheduocu (者多簇土司（ㄓㄜˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Moulijiecu (牟力結簇土司（ㄇㄡˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Qimingcu (祈命簇土司（ㄑㄧˊ ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Leducu (勒都簇土司（ㄌㄜˋ ㄉㄨ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Baozangcu (包藏簇土司（ㄅㄠ ㄗㄤˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jinshajiang (金沙江土司（ㄢ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1381–?) – Ruled by the House of De (得)
  • Lijiang Tuzhifu (麗江土知府（ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄈㄨˇ）) (AD 1382–1723) – Ruled by the House of Mu (木) of Nakhi descent
  • Chiefdom of Situodian (思陀甸土司（ㄙ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–1912)
  • Chiefdom of Lujiang (潞江土司（ㄌㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–1956) – Ruled by the House of Nang (曩) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengding (孟定土司（ㄇㄥˋ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent and the House of Han (罕) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yangsiduo (仰思多土司（ㄧㄤˇ ㄙ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shaqiaoyi (沙橋驛土司（ㄕㄚ ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lesser Pingfa (小平伐土司（ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?)
  • Chiefdom of Chengjiang Prefecture (澄江府土司（ㄔㄥˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lunan Prefecture (路南州土司（ㄌㄨˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Qin (秦) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Guangnan Prefecture (廣南府土司（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Nong (儂) of Zhuang descent
  • Chiefdom of Luoxiong Prefecture (羅雄州土司（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhe (者) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Qujing Prefecture (曲靖府土司（ㄑㄩ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Guanjianshan (觀間山土司（ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Xuanhuaguan (宣化關土司（ㄒㄩㄢ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Luo (羅) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Mishajing (彌沙井土司（ㄇㄧˊ ㄕㄚ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Sha (沙)
  • Chiefdom of Guanyinshanyi (觀音山驛土司（ㄍㄨㄢ ㄧㄣ ㄕㄢ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Guo (郭) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yimen County (易門縣土司（ㄧˋ ㄇㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Dengchuan Prefecture (鄧川州土司（ㄉㄥˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of A (阿) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Dali Prefecture (大理府土司（ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Caojian (漕澗土司（ㄘㄠˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zuo (左)
  • Chiefdom of Qingsuobi (青索鼻土司（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄅㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Annanpo (安南坡土司（ㄢ ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Fengyuxiang (鳳羽鄉土司（ㄈㄥˋ ㄩˇ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yin (尹) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Upper Jiangzui (上江嘴土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄗㄨㄟˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shijing (師井土司（ㄕ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shenmodong (神摩洞土司（ㄕㄣˊ ㄇㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shundangjing (順蕩井土司（ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄤˋ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shundangyanjing (順蕩鹽井土司（ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄉㄤˋ ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Langqiong County (浪穹縣土司（ㄌㄤˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Deshengguanyi (德勝關驛土司（ㄉㄜˊ ㄕㄥˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yunnanyi (雲南驛土司（ㄩㄣˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yuan (袁)
  • Chiefdom of Erxiyi (洱西驛土司（ㄦˇ ㄒㄧ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Guangtong (廣通土司（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Nalouchadian (納樓茶甸土司（ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄡˊ ㄔㄚˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Kuirongdian (虧容甸土司（ㄎㄨㄟ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Sun (孫) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Entuodian (恩陀甸土司（ㄣ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Xichudian (溪處甸土司（ㄒㄧ ㄔㄨˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Diexi (疊溪土司（ㄉㄧㄝˊ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yu (郁)
  • Chiefdom of Yingwuguan (英武關土司（ㄧㄥ ㄨˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhennanguan (鎮南關土司（ㄓㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shayi (沙矣土司（ㄕㄚ ㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Su (蘇)
  • Chiefdom of Wazha (瓦渣土司（ㄨㄚˇ ㄓㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Qian (錢) of Hani descent
  • Heqing Tutongzhi (鶴慶土同知（ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄓ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Bai descent
  • Heqing Tuzhishi (鶴慶土知事（ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄕˋ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董) of Bai descent
  • Huidengguan Tuxunjian (回蹬關土巡檢（ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄥ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Yi descent
  • Huidengguan Tuxunjian (回蹬關土巡檢（ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄉㄥ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Cheng (成)
  • Chuxiong County Tuxiancheng (楚雄縣土縣丞（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Dingyuan County Tuzhubu (定遠縣土主簿（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄩㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Yi descent
  • Xi'e County Tuzhixian (嶍峨縣土知縣（ㄒㄧˊ ㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Lu (祿) of Yi descent
  • Heqing Prefecture Tuyicheng (鶴慶州土驛丞（ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄧˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Tian (田) of Bai descent
  • Zhennan Prefecture Tupanguan (鎮南州土判官（ㄓㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄆㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳)
  • Baoshan Prefecture Tuzhizhou (寶山州土知州（ㄅㄠˇ ㄕㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of He (和) of Nakhi descent
  • Shi'erguan Tuxunjian (十二關土巡檢（ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Bai descent
  • Shi'erguan Tuxunjian (十二關土巡檢（ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Bai descent
  • Chuxiong Prefecture Tuzhifu (楚雄府土知府（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄈㄨˇ）) (AD 1382–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Na-shi (那氏土司（ㄋㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–20th century) – Ruled by the House of Na (那) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yunlong Prefecture (雲龍州土司（ㄩㄣˊ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–20th century) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
    • Chiefdom of Daxingdi (大興地土司（ㄉㄚˋ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Dahou Prefecture Tuxunjian (大侯州土巡檢（ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄡˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of A (阿) of Blang descent
  • Chiefdom of Axiongguan (阿雄關土司（ㄚ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhe (者) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Puchang (普昌土司（ㄆㄨˇ ㄔㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Chiefdom of Luliang Prefecture (陸涼州土司（ㄌㄨˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi (資) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yilongyi (易龍驛土司（ㄧˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Yan (奄) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Lower Jiangzui (下江嘴土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄗㄨㄟˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of He (何) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Jianganchang (箭桿場土司（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄍㄢˇ ㄔㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Zi (字) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Manshenzhai (蔓神寨土司（ㄇㄢˋ ㄕㄣˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shanjingyanjing (山井鹽井土司（ㄕㄢ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Jujin Prefecture (巨津州土司（ㄐㄩˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of A (阿) of Nakhi descent
  • Chiefdom of Ami Prefecture (阿迷州土司（ㄚ ㄇㄧˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Mishayanjing (彌沙鹽井土司（ㄇㄧˊ ㄕㄚ ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of He (何) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lianxiangguan (煉象關土司（ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Nanpingguan (南平關土司（ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Pindian (品甸土司（ㄆㄧㄣˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Du (杜) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Nidian (你甸土司（ㄋㄧˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Putuokong (普陀崆土司（ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄎㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yaozhou (姚州土司（ㄧㄠˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Bai descent
  • Lanzhou Tuzhizhou (蘭州土知州（ㄌㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Luo (羅) of Bai descent
  • Shimenguan Tuxunjian (石門關土巡檢（ㄕˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of A (阿) of Nakhi descent
  • Chuxiong Tuxunjian (楚雄土巡檢（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Na (納)
  • Yunnan County Tuxiancheng (雲南縣土縣丞（ㄩㄣˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Zhennan Prefecture Tutongzhi (鎮南州土同知（ㄓㄣˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄓ）) (AD 1383–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Malongtalangdian (馬龍他郎甸土司（ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄚ ㄌㄤˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1384–1501) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Dingxiling (定西嶺土司（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄒㄧ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1384–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Yi descent
  • Heqing Tuzhifu (鶴慶土知府（ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄈㄨˇ）) (AD 1384–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董) of Bai descent
  • Chuxiong County Tuzhubu (楚雄縣土主簿（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 1384–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普) of Yi descent
  • Yunnan County Tuzhubu (雲南縣土主簿（ㄩㄣˊ ㄋㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 1384–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Gelatang (葛剌湯土司（ㄍㄜˇ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1385–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shalu (沙魯土司（ㄕㄚ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1385–?)
  • Chiefdom of Chishuipeng (赤水鵬土司（ㄔˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄆㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1385–?) – Ruled by the House of Ma (馬) of Hui descent
  • Chiefdom of Greater Pingfa (大平伐土司（ㄉㄚˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1386–?)
  • Jianchuan Prefecture Tuzhizhou (劍川州土知州（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1386–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Abangxiang (阿邦鄉土司（ㄚ ㄅㄤ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1387–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao (陶) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yangyi (楊義土司（ㄧㄤˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1388–?) – Ruled by the House of Jin (金)
  • Chiefdom of Nandian (南甸土司（ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1389–1950) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Fengxi (鳳溪土司（ㄈㄥˋ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1390–1659)
  • Shimenguan Tuqianfuzhang (石門關土千夫長（ㄕˊ ㄇㄣˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄈㄨ ㄓㄤˇ）) (AD 1391–?) – Ruled by the House of Mu (木) of Nakhi descent
  • Babai Dadian Xuanweisi (八百大甸宣慰司（ㄅㄚ ㄅㄞˇ ㄉㄚˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄙ）) (AD 1391–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lianxiangguan (煉象關土司（ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1393–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Chiefdom of Pingyi County (平彝縣土司（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄧˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1394–?) – Ruled by the House of Hai (海) of Yi descent
  • Mengzi County Tuzhixian (蒙自縣土知縣（ㄇㄥˊ ㄗˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 1394–?) – Ruled by the House of Lu (祿) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yuezhou (越州土司（ㄩㄝˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1395–?) – Ruled by the House of Long (龍) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Danping (丹平土司（ㄉㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1397–?, AD 1403–1663)
  • Chiefdom of Gengma (耿馬土司（ㄍㄥˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1397–1950) – Ruled by the House of Han (罕) of Dai descent
  • Oirat state (瓦剌（ㄨㄚˇ ㄌㄚˋ）) (AD 1399–1634) – Ruled by the House of Choros (綽羅斯) of Mongol descent
    • Dzungar Khanate (準噶爾汗國（ㄓㄨㄣˇ ㄍㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1634–1757)
  • Dughlat tribe (杜格拉特部（ㄉㄨˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 14th century–16th century)
  • Chiefdom of Dongxiangwulu (東鄉五路土司（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄨˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 14th century–1732) – Ruled by the House of Tan (覃) of Tujia descent
  • Möng Lem (孟璉（ㄇㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄢˇ）) (AD 14th century–19th century)
  • Möng Yang (孟養（ㄇㄥˋ ㄧㄤˇ）) (AD 14th century–19th century)
  • Dujie Aboriginal Prefecture (都結土州（ㄉㄨ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 14th century–1916) – Ruled by the House of Nong (農)
  • Xiangwu Aboriginal Prefecture (向武土州（ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 14th century–1917)
  • Dukang Aboriginal Prefecture (都康土州（ㄉㄨ ㄎㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 14th century–1917)
  • Anping Aboriginal Prefecture (安平土州（ㄢ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 14th century–1928) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Chiefdom of A (阿土司（ㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 14th century–1931) – Ruled by the House of A (阿) of Tu descent
  • Hor States (五霍爾（ㄨˇ ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ）) (AD 14th century–20th century)
    • Khangsar (康薩（ㄎㄤ ㄙㄚˋ）) (?–?)
    • Mazur (馬蘇（ㄇㄚˇ ㄙㄨ）) (?–?)
    • Drango (特郎哥（ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄤˊ ㄍㄜ）) (?–?)
    • Beri (彼里（ㄅㄧˇ ㄌㄧˇ）) (?–?)
    • Trehor (哲霍（ㄓㄜˊ ㄏㄨㄛˋ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Longdawei (隴答衛土司（ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 14th century–?)
  • Chiefdom of Fuzhou (富州土司（ㄈㄨˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Shen (沈) of Zhuang descent
  • Chiefdom of Luokongdian (落恐甸土司（ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Zuonengzhai (左能寨土司（ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄋㄥˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Wu (吳) of Hani descent
  • Shi'erguan Tufuzhangguan (十二關土副長官（ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄨˋ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ）) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Bai descent
  • Jianchuan Prefecture Tuqianhu (劍川州土千戶（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄏㄨˋ）) (AD 14th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Luoci County (羅次縣土司（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄘˋ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1400–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Miandian Xuanweisi (緬甸宣慰司（ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄙ）) (AD 1403–1526)
  • Chiefdom of Qingshuijiang (青水江土司（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1404–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Babai Zhenai Xuanweisi (八百者乃宣慰司（ㄅㄚ ㄅㄞˇ ㄓㄜˇ ㄋㄞˇ ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟˋ ㄙ）) (AD 1404–?)
  • Yizuo County Tubashi (亦佐縣土把事（ㄧˋ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄚˇ ㄕˋ）) (AD 1405–?) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Yi descent and the House of Bo (博) of Yi descent
  • Hulun (扈倫（ㄏㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄣˊ）) (AD 1406–1619) – Ruled by the House of Nara (那拉) of Jurchen descent
    • Ula (烏拉（ㄨ ㄌㄚ）) (AD 1561–1613) – Ruled by the House of Ula Nara (烏拉那拉) of Jurchen descent
    • Hoifa (輝發（ㄏㄨㄟ ㄈㄚ）) (AD 16th century–1607) – Ruled by the House of Hoifa Nara (輝發那拉) of Jurchen descent
    • Hada (哈達（ㄏㄚ ㄉㄚˊ）) (AD 16th century–17th century) – Ruled by the House of Hada Nara (哈達那拉) of Jurchen descent
    • Yehe (葉赫（ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄜˋ）) (?–AD 1619) – Ruled by the House of Yehe Nara (葉赫那拉) of Jurchen descent
      • Beile of Western City of Yehe (葉赫西城貝勒（ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄜˋ ㄒㄧ ㄔㄥˊ ㄅㄟˋ ㄌㄜˋ）) (?–AD 1619)
      • Beile of Eastern City of Yehe (葉赫東城貝勒（ㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄜˋ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄔㄥˊ ㄅㄟˋ ㄌㄜˋ）) (?–AD 1619)
  • Chiefdom of Chashan (茶山土司（ㄔㄚˊ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lahezhuang (剌和莊土司（ㄌㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄓㄨㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lesser Gula (小古剌土司（ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai (拜)
  • Chiefdom of Greater Gula (大古剌土司（ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Diban (底板土司（ㄉㄧˇ ㄅㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Yangtang (楊塘土司（ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Yuji (鬱即土司（ㄩˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bajiata (八家塔土司（ㄅㄚ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄊㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dimasa (底馬撒土司（ㄉㄧˇ ㄇㄚˇ ㄙㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1406–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jiugang (舊港土司（ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1407–?) – Ruled by the House of Shi (施) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Cuwa (促瓦土司（ㄘㄨˋ ㄨㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1407–?)
  • Chiefdom of Sanjin (散金土司（ㄙㄢˋ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1407–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lima (里麻土司（ㄌㄧˇ ㄇㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1408–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhenkang (鎮康土司（ㄓㄣˋ ㄎㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1408–1907) – Ruled by the House of Daomen (刀悶) of Dai descent
    • Chiefdom of Yongde (永德土司（ㄩㄥˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhuoyou (着由土司（ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄧㄡˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1409–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dongbuhanhu (董卜韓胡土司（ㄉㄨㄥˇ ㄅㄨˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄏㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1415–?)
  • Chiefdom of Moshale (摩沙勒土司（ㄇㄛˊ ㄕㄚ ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1416–1665) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhuoni (卓尼土司（ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1418–1949) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Tibetan descent
  • Chiefdom of Chelijing'an (車里靖安土司（ㄔㄜ ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1421–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀)
  • Chiefdom of Diwula (底兀剌土司（ㄉㄧˇ ㄨˋ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1424–?)
  • Chiefdom of Hemocun (禾摩村土司（ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄛˊ ㄘㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1424–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Xincheng Aboriginal County (忻城土縣（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 1427–1928)
  • Yizuo County Tuxiancheng (亦佐縣土縣丞（ㄧˋ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 1427–?) – Ruled by the House of Sha (沙) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Ma'erza (麻兒匝土司（ㄇㄚˊ ㄦˊ ㄗㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1427–?)
  • Xi'e County Tuzhubu (嶍峨縣土主簿（ㄒㄧˊ ㄝˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 1428–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Yangli Aboriginal Prefecture (養利土州（ㄧㄤˇ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (?–AD 1431) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙)
  • Chongshan Aboriginal County (崇善土縣（ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄕㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (?–AD 1433) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙)
  • Chiefdom of Songshaopu (松韶鋪土司（ㄙㄨㄥ ㄕㄠˊ ㄆㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1434–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Rinpungpa (仁蚌巴（ㄖㄣˊ ㄅㄤˋ ㄅㄚ）) (AD 1435–1565) – Ruled by the House of sGer (格爾) of Tibetan descent
  • Chiefdom of Asicu (阿思簇土司（ㄚ ㄙ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1435–?)
  • Dahou Prefecture Tuzhizhou (大侯州土知州（ㄉㄚˋ ㄏㄡˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1438–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng (奉) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Guansuoling (關索嶺土司（ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1439–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Chiefdom of Mang'erzhe (芒兒者土司（ㄇㄤˊ ㄦˊ ㄓㄜˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1440–?)
  • Chiefdom of Qujing (曲靖土司（ㄑㄩ ㄐㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1441–?) – Ruled by the House of Gong (恭) of Dai descent
  • Lijiang Tuzhaomo (麗江土照磨（ㄌㄧˋ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄠˋ ㄇㄛˊ）) (AD 1441–?) – Ruled by the House of Mu (木) of Nakhi descent
  • Chiefdom of Jinningyi (晉寧驛土司（ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1442–?) – Ruled by the House of Lu (陸) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Mangshi (芒市土司（ㄇㄤˊ ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1443–1955) – Ruled by the House of Fang (放) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Tieluguan (鐵爐關土司（ㄊㄧㄝˇ ㄌㄨˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1443–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Chiefdom of Longchuan (隴川土司（ㄌㄨㄥˇ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1444–?) – Ruled by the House of Duo (多)
  • Chiefdom of Sinangri (思囊日土司（ㄙ ㄋㄤˊ ㄖˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1446–?)
  • Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh (拉達克南嘉王朝（ㄌㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1460–1842) – Ruled by the House of Namgyal (南嘉)
  • Chiefdom of Dongshankou (東山口土司（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄕㄢ ㄎㄡˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1464–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普) of Yi descent and the House of Zhang (張) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Nagengshan (納更山土司（ㄋㄚˋ ㄍㄥ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1482–?) – Ruled by the House of Long (龍) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Möng Mit (孟密土司（ㄇㄥˋ ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1484–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (思) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yongding (永定土司（ㄩㄥˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1486–1927)
  • Yongshun Zheng Tuzhangguansi (永順正土長官司（ㄩㄥˇ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙ）) (AD 1492–1928) – Ruled by the House of Deng (鄧)
  • Yongshun Fu Tuzhangguansi (永順副土長官司（ㄩㄥˇ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄈㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄙ）) (AD 1492–1928) – Ruled by the House of Peng (彭)
  • Luhtu (魯富都（ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄨˋ ㄉㄨ）) (AD 15th century–1920) – Ruled by the House of Yulunana (優路拿納) of Tsou descent
  • Kingdom of Derge (德格王國（ㄉㄜˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 15th century–1956) – Ruled by the House of mGar (噶爾) of Tibetan descent
  • Zuozhou Aboriginal Prefecture (左州土州（ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (?–AD 15th century) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黃)
  • Chiefdom of Tangchi (湯池土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 15th century–?) – Ruled by the House of Ma (馬) of Hui descent
  • Chiefdom of Dingluo (定羅土司（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1528–1912) – Ruled by the House of Xu (徐) of Zhuang descent
  • Chiefdom of Guling (古零土司（ㄍㄨˇ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1528–1915) – Ruled by the House of Tan (覃)
  • Chiefdom of Jiucheng (舊城土司（ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1528–1915)
  • Chiefdom of Xiawang (下旺土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1528–1918)
  • Tsangpa (藏巴王朝（ㄗㄤˋ ㄅㄚ ㄨㄤˊ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1565–1642)
  • Chiefdom of Manmo (蠻莫土司（ㄇㄢˊ ㄇㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1585–?)
  • Chiefdom of Qieluoguan (伽羅關土司（ㄑㄧㄝˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1591–?) – Ruled by the House of Yi (易)
  • Chiefdom of Mengmian (猛緬土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1593–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng (奉) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Damengma (大猛麻土司（ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1594–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng (奉) of Dai descent
  • Sitong Aboriginal Prefecture (思同土州（ㄙ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (?–AD 1599) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黃)
  • Chiefdom of Mengmeng (猛猛土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1599–?) – Ruled by the House of Feng (奉) of Dai descent
  • Khoshut tribe (和碩特部（ㄏㄜˊ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 16th century–1724) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
    • Khoshut Khanate (和碩特汗國（ㄏㄜˊ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1642–1717)
  • Chiefdom of Xinglong (興隆土司（ㄒㄧㄥ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 16th century–1915) – Ruled by the House of Wei (韋)
  • Chiefdom of Duyang (都陽土司（ㄉㄨ ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 16th century–1915)
  • Chiefdom of Anding (安定土司（ㄢ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 16th century–1915) – Ruled by the House of Pan (潘)
  • Chiefdom of Zhefang (遮放土司（ㄓㄜ ㄈㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 16th century–1955) – Ruled by the House of Duo (多) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menghan (勐罕土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄏㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1606–1950) – Ruled by the House of Shao (召) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengmao (勐卯土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄠˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1611–1955) – Ruled by the House of Kan (衎) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhanyi Prefecture (沾益州土司（ㄓㄢ ㄧˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1623–?) – Ruled by the House of An (安) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Douyanzhai (斗岩寨土司（ㄉㄡˇ ㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1632–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Hani descent
  • Qing dynasty (清朝（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1636–1912) – Ruled by the House of Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅) of Manchu descent
    • Later Jin (後金（ㄏㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄣ）) (AD 1616–1636)
  • Chiefdom of Atuzhai (阿土寨土司（ㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1637–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao (陶) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shuitangzhai (水塘寨土司（ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄊㄤˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1639–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao (陶) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengsuozhai (猛梭寨土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄙㄨㄛ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1640–1954) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Xi dynasty (西朝（ㄒㄧ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1643–1647) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Han descent
  • Shun dynasty (順朝（ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄔㄠˊ）) (AD 1644–1646) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Tangut descent
  • Chiefdom of Muli (木里土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1648–1952) – Ruled by the House of Xiang (項) of Pumi descent
  • Chiefdom of Menglazhai (猛喇寨土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄚˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1658–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Wumuzhai (五畝寨土司（ㄨˇ ㄇㄨˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1658–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao (陶) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Wubangzhai (五邦寨土司（ㄨˇ ㄅㄤ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1658–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Kingdom of Tungning (東寧（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄋㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 1661–1683) – Ruled by the House of Zheng (鄭) of Han descent, although nominally under the House of Zhu
  • Chiefdom of Ami Prefecture (阿迷州土司（ㄚ ㄇㄧˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1665–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Yi descent
  • Yizuo County Tuzhixian (亦佐縣土知縣（ㄧˋ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (AD 1669–?) – Ruled by the House of Sha (沙) of Yi descent
  • Wu Zhou (吳周（ㄨˊ ㄓㄡ）) (AD 1678–1681) – Ruled by the House of Wu (吳) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Xinxing Prefecture (新興州土司（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄒㄧㄥ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1680–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Ningzhou Tuzhoupan (寧州土州判（ㄋㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ ㄆㄢˋ）) (AD 1680–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Zhemizhai (者米寨土司（ㄓㄜˇ ㄇㄧˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1682–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Chiefdom of Mengdingzhai (猛丁寨土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄉㄧㄥ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1694–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Hani descent
  • Lanzhou Tushe (蘭州土舍（ㄌㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄕㄜˇ）) (AD 1694–?) – Ruled by the House of Luo (羅) of Bai descent
  • Kumul Khanate (哈密汗國（ㄏㄚ ㄇㄧˋ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1696–1930) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Chiefdom of Shaxi (沙溪土司（ㄕㄚ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 17th century–1735) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黃) of Tujia descent
  • Seqalu (瑯𤩝十八社（ㄌㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄠˊ ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄕㄜˋ）) (AD 17th century–1904) – Ruled by the House of Garuljigulj (卡珞利谷) of Puyuma descent
  • Chiefdom of Bathang (巴塘土司（ㄅㄚ ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1719–1906)
  • Chiefdom of Lithang (理塘土司（ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1719–1906) – Ruled by the House of Wang (汪) of Gyalrong descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengbangzhai (猛蚌寨土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄅㄤˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1726–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menglaizhai (猛賴寨土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄞˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1726–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Sangzhi (桑植土司（ㄙㄤ ㄓˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1727) – Ruled by the House of Xiang (向) of Tujia descent
  • Chiefdom of Upper Zhandui (上瞻對土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄓㄢ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1728–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lower Zhandui (下瞻對土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄓㄢ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1728–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mashu (麻書土司（ㄇㄚˊ ㄕㄨ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1729–1911)
  • Wenlan Dong (文蘭峒（ㄨㄣˊ ㄌㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–AD 1730) – Ruled by the House of Wei (韋)
  • Kingdom of Middag (大肚王國（ㄉㄚˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–AD 1732) – Ruled by the House of Camachat (甘仔轄) of Papora descent
  • Chiefdom of Youyang (酉陽土司（ㄧㄡˇ ㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1734) – Ruled by the House of Ran (冉)
  • Chiefdom of Shinan (施南土司（ㄕ ㄋㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1734) – Ruled by the House of Tan (覃) of Tujia descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengnongzhai (猛弄寨土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄋㄨㄥˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1735–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai (白) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Yanwang (岩旺土司（ㄧㄢˊ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1738–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李)
  • Chiefdom of Kokang (果敢土司（ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄍㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1739–1959) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Kokang descent
  • Chiefdom of Lancangjiang (瀾滄江土司（ㄌㄢˊ ㄘㄤ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1742–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙)
  • Chiefdom of Middle Zhandui (中瞻對土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄓㄢ ㄉㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1745–?)
  • Chiefdom of Guihualilaowo (歸化里老窩土司（ㄍㄨㄟ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄌㄠˇ ㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1747–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Liuku (六庫土司（ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄎㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1747–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Citongbazhai (茨桶壩寨土司（ㄘˊ ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄅㄚˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1753–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Malongzhai (馬龍寨土司（ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1755–?) – Ruled by the House of Tao (陶), the House of Bai (白), and the House of Li (李)
  • Dörbet tribe of Choros (綽羅斯氏杜爾伯特部（ㄔㄨㄛˋ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄙ ㄕˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 1756–1923) – Ruled by the House of Choros (綽羅斯) of Mongol descent
  • Batur Khanate (巴圖爾汗國（ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˊ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1757–1759)
  • Heqing Prefecture Tutongpan (鶴慶州土通判（ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄆㄢˋ）) (AD 1770–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengjiaodong (勐角董土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄉㄨㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1771–1949) – Ruled by the House of Han (罕) of Tai Nuea descent
  • Old Torghut tribe (舊土爾扈特部（ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄏㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ）) (AD 1771–1949)
  • Chiefdom of Gaowuka (稿吾卡土司（ㄍㄠˇ ㄨˊ ㄎㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1785–?) – Ruled by the House of Long (龍) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Adunzi (阿墩子土司（ㄚ ㄉㄨㄣ ㄗˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1802–?) – Ruled by the House of He (禾) of Tibetan descent
  • Kavalan (蛤仔蘭三十六社（ㄏㄚˊ ㄗㄞˇ ㄌㄢˊ ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄕㄜˋ）) (?–AD 1812)
  • Chiefdom of Yutong (魚通土司（ㄩˊ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1833–1951) – Ruled by the House of Jia (甲) of Gyalrong descent
  • Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (太平天國（ㄊㄞˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1851–1864) – Ruled by the House of Hong (洪) of Han descent
  • Chiefdom of Nixi (泥溪土司（ㄋㄧˊ ㄒㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1853) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Cheng (成（ㄔㄥˊ）) (AD 1855–1864) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳) of Han descent
  • Pingnan (平南（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄢˊ）) (AD 1856–1873) – Ruled by the House of Du (杜) of Hui descent
  • Yanling (延陵（ㄧㄢˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ）) (AD 1861–1868) – Ruled by the House of Wu (吳) of Zhuang descent
  • Ili Sultanate (伊犁蘇丹國（ㄧ ㄌㄧˊ ㄙㄨ ㄉㄢ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1864–1871)
  • Yettishar Khanate (哲德沙爾汗國（ㄓㄜˊ ㄉㄜˊ ㄕㄚ ㄦˇ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1865–1867)
    • Hongfu Khanate (洪福汗國（ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1867–1877)
  • Chiefdom of Muchuan (沐川土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1868) – Ruled by the House of Yue (悅)
  • Chiefdom of Nama (那馬土司（ㄋㄚˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1870) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黃)
  • Chiefdom of Mengbin (猛濱土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄅㄧㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Han (罕) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Jiufang (酒房土司（ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄈㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Chiefdom of Banzhong (班中土司（ㄅㄢ ㄓㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Chiefdom of Jianguan (間官土司（ㄐㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Shi (石) of Lahu descent
  • Chiefdom of Manhai (蠻海土司（ㄇㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Shi (石) of Lahu descent
  • Chiefdom of Upper Mengyun (上猛允土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄩㄣˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lower Mengyun (下猛允土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄇㄥˇ ㄩㄣˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Munai (募乃土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Shi (石) of Lahu descent
  • Chiefdom of Donghe (東河土司（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張)
  • Chiefdom of Ximingzhao (西明照土司（ㄒㄧ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1891–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Lahu descent
  • Pimaba (卑馬巴（ㄅㄟ ㄇㄚˇ ㄅㄚ）) (?–AD 1897)
  • Chiefdom of Mengban (勐板土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄅㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1899–1955) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (蔣) of Han descent
  • Llyung Topa (拉流斗霸（ㄌㄚ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄉㄡˇ ㄅㄚˋ）) (?–AD 1907)
  • Bogd Khanate (博克多汗國（ㄅㄛˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄏㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1911–1919, AD 1921–1924)
  • Chiefdom of Geshizha (革什札土司（ㄍㄜˊ ㄕˊ ㄓㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1911)
  • Guohua Aboriginal Prefecture (果化土州（ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (?–AD 1915) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙)
  • Empire of China (中華帝國（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄉㄧˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1915–1916) – Ruled by the House of Yuan (袁) of Han descent
  • Siling Aboriginal Prefecture (思陵土州（ㄙ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (?–AD 1916)
  • Longying Aboriginal Prefecture (龍英土州（ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄧㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (?–AD 1916)
  • Jilun Aboriginal Prefecture (佶倫土州（ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (?–AD 1916) – Ruled by the House of Feng (馮)
  • Kingdom of Powo (波密土王（ㄅㄛ ㄇㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄨㄤˊ）) (?–AD 1910, AD 1911–1928)
  • Tjaquvuquvulj (大龜文（ㄉㄚˋ ㄍㄨㄟ ㄨㄣˊ）) (?–AD 1930) – Co-ruled by the House of Ruvaniyaw (邏伐尼耀) and the House of Tjuleng (鳩冷)
  • Chiefdom of Lu (魯土司（ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1931) – Ruled by the House of Lu (魯) of Mongol descent
  • Islamic Kingdom of Khotan (和闐伊斯蘭王國（ㄏㄜˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄧ ㄙ ㄌㄢˊ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1934)
  • Manchukuo (滿洲國（ㄇㄢˇ ㄓㄡ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (AD 1934–1945) – Ruled by the House of Aisin Gioro (愛新覺羅) of Manchu descent
  • Chiefdom of Ganya (干崖土司（ㄍㄢ ㄧㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1949) – Ruled by the House of Chi (郗) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Wandian (灣甸土司（ㄨㄢ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1949) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent and the House of Jing (景) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menghai (勐海土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1950) – Ruled by the House of Shao (召) of Dai descent
  • Thirty-six States of the Western Regions (西域三十六國（ㄒㄧ ㄩˋ ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Shule (疏勒（ㄕㄨ ㄌㄜˋ）) (200 BC–AD 790)
    • Loulan (樓蘭（ㄌㄡˊ ㄌㄢˊ）) (176–77 BC)
      • Shanshan (鄯善（ㄕㄢˋ ㄕㄢˋ）) (77 BC–AD 630)
    • Kucha (龜茲（ㄑㄧㄡ ㄘˊ）) (72 BC–AD 788)
    • Jushi (車師（ㄐㄩ ㄕ）) (71 BC–AD 508)
      • Nearer Jushi (車師前國（ㄐㄩ ㄕ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (71 BC–AD 508)
      • Further Jushi (車師後國（ㄐㄩ ㄕ ㄏㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (67 BC–AD 170)
    • Suoju (莎車（ㄙㄨㄛ ㄐㄩ）) (66 BC–AD 89)
    • Khotan (于闐（ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ）) (AD 56–1006) – Ruled by the House of Yuchi (尉遲) of Saka descent
      • Jin (金（ㄐㄧㄣ）) (AD 851–938)
      • Dabao Yutian (大寶于闐（ㄉㄚˋ ㄅㄠˇ ㄩˊ ㄊㄧㄢˊ）) (AD 938–983)
      • Jinyu (金玉（ㄐㄧㄣ ㄩˋ）) (AD 983–?)
    • Yanqi (焉耆（ㄧㄢ ㄑㄧˊ）) (AD 58–792) – Ruled by the House of Long (龍)
    • Ruoqiang (若羌（ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄧㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Qiemo (且末（ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄛˋ）) (?–?)
    • Xiaoyuan (小宛（ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄢ）) (?–?)
    • Jingjue (精絕（ㄐㄧㄥ ㄐㄩㄝˊ）) (?–?)
    • Ronglu (戎盧（ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Hanmi (扞罙（ㄏㄢˋ ㄇㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Qule (渠勒（ㄑㄩˊ ㄌㄜˋ）) (?–?)
    • Pishan (皮山（ㄆㄧˊ ㄕㄢ）) (?–?)
    • Wucha (烏秅（ㄨ ㄔㄚˊ）) (?–?)
    • Yinai (依耐（ㄧ ㄋㄞˋ）) (?–?)
    • Xiye (西夜（ㄒㄧ ㄧㄝˋ）) (?–?)
    • Zihe (子合（ㄗˇ ㄏㄜˊ）) (?–?)
    • Puli (蒲犁（ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Nandou (難兜（ㄋㄢˊ ㄉㄡ）) (?–?)
    • Dayuan (大宛（ㄉㄚˋ ㄩㄢ）) (?–?)
    • Taohuai (桃槐（ㄊㄠˊ ㄏㄨㄞˊ）) (?–?)
    • Juandu (捐毒（ㄐㄩㄢ ㄉㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Gumo (姑墨（ㄍㄨ ㄇㄛˋ）) (?–?)
    • Wensu (溫宿（ㄨㄣ ㄙㄨˋ）) (?–?)
    • Quli (渠犂（ㄑㄩˊ ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Wulei (烏壘（ㄨ ㄌㄟˇ）) (?–?)
    • Yuli (尉犂（ㄩˋ ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Weixu (危須（ㄨㄟ ㄒㄩ）) (?–?)
    • Beilu (卑陸（ㄅㄟ ㄌㄨˋ）) (?–?)
      • Further Beilu (卑陸後國（ㄅㄟ ㄌㄨˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Jie (劫（ㄐㄧㄝˊ）) (?–?)
    • Pulei (蒲類（ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄟˋ）) (?–?)
      • Nearer Pulei (蒲類前國（ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄟˋ ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
      • Further Pulei (蒲類後國（ㄆㄨˊ ㄌㄟˋ ㄏㄡˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Qiemi (且彌（ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄧˊ）) (?–?)
      • Eastern Qiemi (東且彌國（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
      • Western Qiemi (西且彌國（ㄒㄧ ㄑㄧㄝˇ ㄇㄧˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Shan (山（ㄕㄢ）) (?–?)
    • Huhu (狐胡（ㄏㄨˊ ㄏㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Wulei (無雷（ㄨˊ ㄌㄟˊ）) (?–?)
    • Weitou (尉頭（ㄨㄟˋ ㄊㄡˊ）) (?–?)
    • Xiuxun (休循（ㄒㄧㄡ ㄒㄩㄣˊ）) (?–?)
  • Eight Zhao (八詔（ㄅㄚ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–?)
    • Six Zhao (六詔（ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–AD 794)
      • Mengxi Zhao (蒙巂詔（ㄇㄥˊ ㄒㄧ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–AD 730)
      • Mengshe Zhao (蒙舍詔（ㄇㄥˊ ㄕㄜˇ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–AD 738) – Ruled by the House of Meng (蒙) of Wuman descent
        • Nanzhao (南詔（ㄋㄢˊ ㄓㄠˋ）) (AD 738–902)
          • Dameng (大蒙（ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄥˊ）) (AD 738–860)
          • Dali (大禮（ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄧˇ）) (AD 860–877)
          • Dafengmin (大封民（ㄉㄚˋ ㄈㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ）) (AD 878–902)
      • Yuexi Zhao (越析詔（ㄩㄝˋ ㄒㄧ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–AD 747)
      • Shilang Zhao (施浪詔（ㄕ ㄌㄤˋ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–AD 794)
      • Langqiong Zhao (浪穹詔（ㄌㄤˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–AD 794)
      • Tengdan Zhao (邆賧詔（ㄊㄥˊ ㄉㄢˇ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–AD 794)
    • Shibang Zhao (時傍詔（ㄕˊ ㄅㄤˋ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–?)
    • Yichuanluoshi Zhao (矣川羅識詔（ㄧˇ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄕˊ ㄓㄠˋ）) (?–?)
  • Eighteen Chiefdoms of Gyalrong (嘉絨十八土司（ㄐㄧㄚ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄕˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lengbian (冷邊土司（ㄌㄥˇ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1369–1911) – Ruled by the House of Zhou (周) of Tibetan descent
    • Chiefdom of Zagu (雜谷土司（ㄗㄚˊ ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1407–1752)
    • Chiefdom of Chakla (明正土司（ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1407–1911) – Ruled by the House of Jia (甲) of Gyalrong descent
    • Chiefdom of Muping (穆坪土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1410–1928) – Ruled by the House of Jia (甲) of Gyalrong descent
      • Chiefdom of Suomo (梭磨土司（ㄙㄨㄛ ㄇㄛˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1721–1938)
        • Chiefdom of Songgang (松崗土司（ㄙㄨㄥ ㄍㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1753–1928)
    • Chiefdom of Wasi (瓦寺土司（ㄨㄚˇ ㄙˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1441–1935) – Ruled by the House of Suo (索) of Gyalrong descent
    • Chiefdom of Shenbian (沈邊土司（ㄕㄣˇ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1639–1911) – Ruled by the House of Yu (余) of Mongol descent
    • Chiefdom of Tsanlha (贊拉土司（ㄗㄢˋ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1650–1776)
    • Chiefdom of Wori (沃日土司（ㄨㄛˋ ㄖˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1658–1951) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Gyalrong descent
    • Chiefdom of Trokyap (綽斯甲土司（ㄔㄨㄛˋ ㄙ ㄐㄧㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1702–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chuchen (促侵土司（ㄘㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1723–1776)
    • Chiefdom of Tianquan (天全土司（ㄊㄧㄢ ㄑㄩㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–AD 1729) – Co-ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Gyalrong descent and the House of Yang (楊) of Gyalrong descent
    • Chiefdom of Zhuokeji (卓克基土司（ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄐㄧ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1748–1955)
    • Chiefdom of Dangba (黨壩土司（ㄉㄤˇ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1753–1953)
    • Chiefdom of Bawang (巴旺土司（ㄅㄚ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1774–?)
      • Chiefdom of Badi (巴底土司（ㄅㄚ ㄉㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 1774–?)
    • Chiefdom of Dandong Geshizan (丹東革什咱土司（ㄉㄢ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄍㄜˊ ㄕˊ ㄗㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Forty Chiefdoms of Yushu and Neighboring Regions (玉樹等四十族（ㄩˋ ㄕㄨˋ ㄉㄥˇ ㄙˋ ㄕˊ ㄗㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Four Chiefdoms of Yushu (玉樹四族（ㄩˋ ㄕㄨˋ ㄙˋ ㄗㄨˊ）) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Jiangsai (將賽土司（ㄐㄧㄤ ㄙㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Zongju (總舉土司（ㄗㄨㄥˇ ㄐㄩˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Yala (鴉拉土司（ㄧㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Rongmo (戎模土司（ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄇㄛˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Alakeshuo (上阿拉克碩土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Alakeshuo (下阿拉克碩土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Béri (白利土司（ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Asake (阿薩克土司（ㄚ ㄙㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ayong (阿永土司（ㄚ ㄩㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Niyamucuo (尼牙木錯土司（ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Gucha (固察土司（ㄍㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Labu (拉布土司（ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Three Chiefdoms of Zhawu (扎武三族（ㄓㄚ ㄨˇ ㄙㄢ ㄗㄨˊ）) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Zhawu (扎武土司（ㄓㄚ ㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Lada (拉達土司（ㄌㄚ ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
      • Chiefdom of Buqing (布慶土司（ㄅㄨˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Longbu (隆布土司（ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chuilengduo'erduo (吹冷多爾多土司（ㄔㄨㄟ ㄌㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄦˇ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Ge'erji (上格爾吉土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Middle Ge'erji (中格爾吉土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Ge'erji (下格爾吉土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ha'ershou (哈爾受土司（ㄏㄚ ㄦˇ ㄕㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Longba (上隆壩土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Longba (下隆壩土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Longdong (隆東土司（ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chuohuo'er (綽火爾土司（ㄔㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Juebala (覺巴拉土司（ㄐㄩㄝˇ ㄅㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Su'ermang (蘇爾莽土司（ㄙㄨ ㄦˇ ㄇㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ye'erji (葉爾吉土司（ㄧㄝˋ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Liewang (列旺土司（ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Antu (安圖土司（ㄢ ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Xingba (興巴土司（ㄒㄧㄥ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of La'erji (拉爾吉土司（ㄌㄚ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Sangse'er (桑色爾土司（ㄙㄤ ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Bayannangqian (巴顏囊謙土司（ㄅㄚ ㄧㄢˊ ㄋㄤˊ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Dongba (洞巴土司（ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Suluke (蘇魯克土司（ㄙㄨ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chindu (稱多土司（ㄔㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Menggu'erjin (蒙古爾津土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Yonghepu (永河普土司（ㄩㄥˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Alike (阿里克土司（ㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Banshi (班石土司（ㄅㄢ ㄕˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Thirty-nine Chiefdoms of Hor (霍爾三十九族（ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄦˇ ㄙㄢ ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄗㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qiongbugalu (瓊布噶魯土司（ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄍㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qiongbuba'ercha (瓊布巴爾查土司（ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄅㄚ ㄦˇ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qiongbunakelu (瓊布納克魯土司（ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lenahuo'er (勒納夥爾土司（ㄌㄜˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Seliqiongzhanicha'er (色里瓊扎尼查爾土司（ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄔㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Seliqiongzhacanmabuma (色里瓊扎參嘛布瑪土司（ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄚ ㄘㄢ ㄇㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Seliqiongzhamalu (色里瓊扎嘛嚕土司（ㄙㄜˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄓㄚ ㄇㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Muzhuteyangba (木朱特羊巴土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨ ㄊㄜˋ ㄧㄤˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Bumiteledake (布米特勒達克土司（ㄅㄨˋ ㄇㄧˇ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄜˋ ㄉㄚˊ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Muzhuteniyamucha (木朱特尼牙木查土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨ ㄊㄜˋ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Muzhutelisongmaba (木朱特利松嘛吧土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨ ㄊㄜˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄙㄨㄥ ㄇㄚˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Muzhuteduomaba (木朱特多嘛巴土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄓㄨ ㄊㄜˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄇㄚˊ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Leyuanhuo'er (勒遠夥爾土司（ㄌㄜˋ ㄩㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Yironghuo'eryitama (依戎夥爾移他瑪土司（ㄧ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄧˊ ㄊㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Chachuhe'ersuntima'er (查楚和爾孫提瑪爾土司（ㄔㄚˊ ㄔㄨˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄦˇ ㄙㄨㄣ ㄊㄧˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ba'erdashanmuduochuanmusang (巴爾達山木多川目桑土司（ㄅㄚ ㄦˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄕㄢ ㄇㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄇㄨˋ ㄙㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Malabushimanong (嘛拉布什嘛弄土司（ㄇㄚˊ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄨˋ ㄕˊ ㄇㄚˊ ㄋㄨㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Wozhutezhiduo (窩柱特只多土司（ㄨㄛ ㄓㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄓ ㄉㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Wozhutewala (窩柱特娃拉土司（ㄨㄛ ㄓㄨˋ ㄊㄜˋ ㄨㄚˊ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pengchukehuo'er (彭楚克夥爾土司（ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pengchukepengtama'er (彭楚克彭他瑪爾土司（ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄆㄥˊ ㄊㄚ ㄇㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pengchukelazhai (彭楚克拉寨土司（ㄆㄥˊ ㄔㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄌㄚ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pensuonakeshudageluke (盆索納克書達格魯克土司（ㄆㄣˊ ㄙㄨㄛˇ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄉㄚˊ ㄍㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qintiyagangnakeshubilu (沁體牙岡納克書畢魯土司（ㄑㄧㄣˋ ㄊㄧˇ ㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄤ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Penshaniyagunakeluse'ercha (盆沙尼牙固納克書色爾查土司（ㄆㄣˊ ㄕㄚ ㄋㄧˊ ㄧㄚˊ ㄍㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄙㄜˋ ㄦˇ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Ba'erdamunakexibenpen (巴爾達穆納克喜奔盆土司（ㄅㄚ ㄦˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄒㄧˇ ㄅㄣ ㄆㄣˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Nageshalakeshulakeshi (納格沙拉克書拉克什土司（ㄋㄚˋ ㄍㄜˊ ㄕㄚ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄌㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Luokenakeshugongba (洛克納克書貢巴土司（ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄎㄜˋ ㄕㄨ ㄍㄨㄥˋ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Sanzha (三渣土司（ㄙㄢ ㄓㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Sannalaba (三納拉巴土司（ㄙㄢ ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Pulü (撲旅土司（ㄆㄨ ㄌㄩˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Azhake (上阿扎克土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄚ ㄓㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Azhake (下阿扎克土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄚ ㄓㄚ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Bailiezhama'er (白獵扎嘛爾土司（ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄓㄚ ㄇㄚˊ ㄦˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Ganggalu (上岡噶魯土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄍㄤ ㄍㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Ganggalu (下岡噶魯土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄍㄤ ㄍㄚˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Upper Duo'ershu (上奪爾樹土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄉㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄕㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Lower Duo'ershu (下奪爾樹土司（ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄉㄨㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄕㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Eight Chiefdoms of Huanhai (環海八族（ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄏㄞˇ ㄅㄚ ㄗㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Gangcha (剛察土司（ㄍㄤ ㄔㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Gongwata'erdai (公窪塔爾代土司（ㄍㄨㄥ ㄨㄚ ㄊㄚˇ ㄦˇ ㄉㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Duxiu (都秀土司（ㄉㄨ ㄒㄧㄡˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Qianbulu (千卜錄土司（ㄑㄧㄢ ㄅㄨˇ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Wangshidaihai (汪什代海土司（ㄨㄤ ㄕˊ ㄉㄞˋ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Aquhu (阿曲乎土司（ㄚ ㄑㄩˇ ㄏㄨ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Re'an (熱安土司（ㄖㄜˋ ㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of A'erke (阿爾克土司（ㄚ ㄦˇ ㄎㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhujie (竹節土司（ㄓㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bailidengma (白力登瑪土司（ㄅㄞˊ ㄌㄧˋ ㄉㄥ ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Fu (附（ㄈㄨˋ）) (?–?)
  • Hua (滑（ㄏㄨㄚˊ）) (?–?)
  • Baizi (白子（ㄅㄞˊ ㄗˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Long (龍)
    • Jianning (建寧（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄋㄧㄥˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhang (張) of Baiman descent
  • Yuzhi (禺知（ㄩˊ ㄓ）) (?–?)
  • Yuezhi (月氏（ㄩㄝˋ ㄓ）) (?–?)
    • Greater Yuezhi (大月氏（ㄉㄚˋ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓ）) (?–?)
    • Lesser Yuezhi (小月氏（ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄩㄝˋ ㄓ）) (?–?)
  • Five Xihou (五翕侯（ㄨˇ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ）) (?–?)
    • Xiumi Xihou (休密翕侯（ㄒㄧㄡ ㄇㄧˋ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ）) (?–?)
      • Jiabei (伽倍（ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄟˋ）) (?–?)
    • Shuangmi Xihou (雙靡翕侯（ㄕㄨㄤ ㄇㄧˇ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ）) (?–?)
      • Zhexuemosun (折薛莫孫（ㄓㄜˊ ㄒㄩㄝ ㄇㄛˋ ㄙㄨㄣ）) (?–?)
    • Guishuang Xihou (貴霜翕侯（ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄕㄨㄤ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ）) (?–?)
      • Qiandun (鉗敦（ㄑㄧㄢˊ ㄉㄨㄣ）) (?–?)
    • Xidun Xihou (肸頓翕侯（ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄣˋ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ）) (?–?)
      • Fudisha (弗敵沙（ㄈㄨˊ ㄉㄧˊ ㄕㄚ）) (?–?)
    • Gaofu Xihou (高附翕侯（ㄍㄠ ㄈㄨˋ ㄒㄧ ㄏㄡˊ）) (?–?)
      • Yanfuye (閻浮謁（ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄨˊ ㄧㄝˋ）) (?–?)
  • Nine Clans of Zhaowu (昭武九姓（ㄓㄠ ㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Kang (康（ㄎㄤ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Shi (史（ㄕˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • An (安（ㄢ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Cao (曹（ㄘㄠˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
      • Eastern Cao (東曹（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄘㄠˊ）) (?–?)
      • Middle Cao (中曹（ㄓㄨㄥ ㄘㄠˊ）) (?–?)
      • Western Cao (西曹（ㄒㄧ ㄘㄠˊ）) (?–?)
    • Shi (石（ㄕˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Mi (米（ㄇㄧˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • He (何（ㄏㄜˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Huoxun (火尋（ㄏㄨㄛˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
    • Wudi (戊地（ㄨˋ ㄉㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Mu (穆（ㄇㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Eastern An (東安（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄢ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Bi (畢（ㄅㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Peihan (沛捍（ㄆㄟˋ ㄏㄢˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Nasebo (那色波（ㄋㄚˋ ㄙㄜˋ ㄅㄛ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Wunahe (烏那曷（ㄨ ㄋㄚˋ ㄏㄜˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Caojuzha (漕矩吒（ㄘㄠˊ ㄐㄩˇ ㄓㄚ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhaowu (昭武) of Sogdian descent
  • Western Ou (西甌（ㄒㄧ ㄡ）) (?–?)
  • Zhujubo (朱俱波（ㄓㄨ ㄐㄩˋ ㄅㄛ）) (?–?)
  • Yizhi (移支（ㄧˊ ㄓ）) (?–?)
  • Deruo (德若（ㄉㄜˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ）) (?–?)
  • Wuhuan (烏桓（ㄨ ㄏㄨㄢˊ）) (?–?)
    • Wuwan (烏丸（ㄨ ㄨㄢˊ）) (?–?)
  • Quyi (屈射（ㄑㄩ ㄧˋ）) (?–?)
  • Hunyu (渾窳（ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄩˇ）) (?–?)
  • Xinli (薪犂（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–?)
  • Julan (且蘭（ㄐㄩ ㄌㄢˊ）) (?–?)
  • Xi (霫（ㄒㄧˊ）) (?–?)
  • Kunmingyi (昆明夷（ㄎㄨㄣ ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄧˊ）) (?–?)
  • Zuodu (筰都（ㄗㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨ）) (?–?)
  • Ranmang (冉駹（ㄖㄢˇ ㄇㄤˊ）) (?–?)
  • Baima (白馬（ㄅㄞˊ ㄇㄚˇ）) (?–?)
  • Dongcan (棟蠶（ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄢˊ）) (?–?)
  • Xi (徙（ㄒㄧˇ）) (?–?)
  • Damou (大牟（ㄉㄚˋ ㄇㄡˊ）) (?–?)
  • Linhu (林胡（ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄏㄨˊ）) (?–?)
  • Qihu (契胡（ㄑㄧˋ ㄏㄨˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Erzhu (爾朱)
  • Tuhe (屠何（ㄊㄨˊ ㄏㄜˊ）) (?–?)
  • Yachou (亞醜（ㄧㄚˋ ㄔㄡˇ）) (?–?)
  • Kuang (曠（ㄎㄨㄤˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Kuang (曠)
  • Rong of Yuwu (余無之戎（ㄩˊ ㄨˊ ㄓ ㄖㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
  • Dianyue (滇越（ㄉㄧㄢ ㄩㄝˋ）) (?–?)
  • Fulou (縛婁（ㄈㄨˋ ㄌㄡˊ）) (?–?)
  • Yulishi (郁立師（ㄩˋ ㄌㄧˋ ㄕ）) (?–?)
  • Danhuan (單桓（ㄉㄢ ㄏㄨㄢˊ）) (?–?)
  • Wutanzili (烏貪訾離（ㄨ ㄊㄢ ㄗ ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–?)
  • Xianling Qiang (先零羌（ㄒㄧㄢ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄑㄧㄤ）) (?–?)
  • Toquz Oghuz (九姓烏古斯（ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ ㄨ ㄍㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yaglakar (藥羅葛) of Uyghur descent
  • Sushen (肅慎（ㄙㄨˋ ㄕㄣˋ）) (?–?)
  • Kumo Xi (庫莫奚（ㄎㄨˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄒㄧ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Kumo Xi descent
  • Zhongyun (仲雲（ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄩㄣˊ）) (?–?)
  • Seven Dong of Qinzhou (欽州七峒（ㄑㄧㄣ ㄓㄡ ㄑㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Boshi Dong (博是峒（ㄅㄛˊ ㄕˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Jianshan Dong (鑒山峒（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Tielang Dong (貼浪峒（ㄊㄧㄝ ㄌㄤˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Shiluo Dong (時羅峒（ㄕˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Jian'an Dong (漸案峒（ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄢˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Ruxi Dong (如昔峒（ㄖㄨˊ ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Gusen Dong (古森峒（ㄍㄨˇ ㄙㄣ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
  • Ten States of Bili (裨離十國（ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄧˊ ㄕˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Bili (裨離（ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–?)
    • Yangyun (養雲（ㄧㄤˇ ㄩㄣˊ）) (?–?)
    • Koumohan (寇莫汗（ㄎㄡˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄏㄢˋ）) (?–?)
    • Yiqun (一群（ㄧ ㄑㄩㄣˊ）) (?–?)
    • Mounu (牟奴（ㄇㄡˊ ㄋㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Molu (模盧（ㄇㄛˊ ㄌㄨˊ）) (?–?)
    • Yulimoli (于離末利（ㄩˊ ㄌㄧˊ ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄧˋ）) (?–?)
    • Pudu (蒲都（ㄆㄨˊ ㄉㄨ）) (?–?)
    • Shengquan (繩全（ㄕㄥˊ ㄑㄩㄢˊ）) (?–?)
    • Shalou (沙樓（ㄕㄚ ㄌㄡˊ）) (?–?)
  • Doumolou (豆莫婁（ㄉㄡˋ ㄇㄛˋ ㄌㄡˊ）) (?–?)
  • Liugui (流鬼（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄍㄨㄟˇ）) (?–?)
  • Huaxu (華胥（ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄒㄩ）) (?–?)
  • Tuoli (橐離（ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧˊ）) (?–?)
  • Wulian (毋斂（ㄨˊ ㄌㄧㄢˇ）) (?–?)
  • Congling Uyghur Kingdom (蔥嶺回鶻（ㄘㄨㄥ ㄌㄧㄥˇ ㄏㄨㄟˊ ㄏㄨˊ）) (?–?)
  • Sabetiq (射不力（ㄕㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄧˋ）) (?–?)
  • Lalekelek (力里（ㄌㄧˋ ㄌㄧˇ）) (?–?)
  • Kuvalen (姑仔崙（ㄍㄨ ㄗㄞˇ ㄌㄨㄣˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Vaviluuan (發飛乎藍) of Paiwan descent
  • Draki (四林格（ㄙˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄍㄜˊ）) (?–?)
  • Auran (後壠（ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄨㄥˇ）) (?–?)
  • Kulon (龜崙（ㄍㄨㄟ ㄌㄨㄣˊ）) (?–?)
  • Favorlang (虎尾壟（ㄏㄨˇ ㄨㄟˇ ㄌㄨㄥˇ）) (?–?)
  • Tiksam (竹塹（ㄓㄨˊ ㄑㄧㄢˋ）) (?–?)
  • Kibuwan (加祿堂（ㄐㄧㄚ ㄌㄨˋ ㄊㄤˊ）) (?–?)
  • Tamsui (淡水（ㄉㄢˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ）) (?–?)
  • Jilong (雞籠（ㄐㄧ ㄌㄨㄥˊ）) (?–?)
  • Liuqiu (流求（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Huansi (歡斯)
  • Hujie (呼揭（ㄏㄨ ㄐㄧㄝ）) (?–?)
  • Jiankun (堅昆（ㄐㄧㄢ ㄎㄨㄣ）) (?–?)
  • Luodian (羅殿（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ）) (?–?)
  • Sumpa (蘇毗（ㄙㄨ ㄆㄧˊ）) (?–?)
  • Kingdom of Almalik (阿力麻里王国（ㄚ ㄌㄧˋ ㄇㄚˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄨㄤˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Tribes of Three Kings (三王部落（ㄙㄢ ㄨㄤˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄌㄨㄛˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Baima (白馬)
    • Yang-shi (楊氏（ㄧㄤˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
    • Liu-shi (劉氏（ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉)
    • Hao-shi (郝氏（ㄏㄠˇ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Hao (郝)
  • Merkit state (蔑兒乞（ㄇㄧㄝˋ ㄦˊ ㄑㄧˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Uduyid (兀都亦惕) of Mongol descent
  • Eastern Xieman (東謝蠻（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Xie (謝)
  • Western Xieman (西謝蠻（ㄒㄧ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Xie (謝)
  • Southern Xieman (南謝蠻（ㄋㄢˊ ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Xie (謝)
  • Western Zhaoman (西趙蠻（ㄒㄧ ㄓㄠˋ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhao (趙)
  • Zangkeman (牂牁蠻（ㄗㄤ ㄎㄜ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Xie (謝)
  • Danzhouman (丹州蠻（ㄉㄢ ㄓㄡ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Mo (莫)
  • Eastern Erheman (東洱河蠻（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Western Erheman (西洱河蠻（ㄒㄧ ㄦˇ ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Songwaiman (松外蠻（ㄙㄨㄥ ㄨㄞˋ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Meng (蒙)
  • Heman (和蠻（ㄏㄜˊ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Shunman (順蠻（ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Bang (傍)
  • Yongchangman (永昌蠻（ㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄤ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dong (董)
  • Guangyuanzhouman (廣源州蠻（ㄍㄨㄤˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Nong (儂)
  • Fushuizhouman (撫水州蠻（ㄈㄨˇ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄓㄡ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Meng (蒙)
  • Huanzhouman (環州蠻（ㄏㄨㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄇㄢˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ou (區)
  • Nanpingliao (南平獠（ㄋㄢˊ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zhu (硃)
  • Eight States of Xishan (西山八國（ㄒㄧ ㄕㄢ ㄅㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
    • Buzu (逋租（ㄅㄨ ㄗㄨ）) (?–?)
    • Gelin (哥鄰（ㄍㄜ ㄌㄧㄣˊ）) (?–?)
    • Ruoshui (弱水（ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄕㄨㄟˇ）) (?–?)
    • Xidong (悉董（ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˇ）) (?–?)
    • Nanshui (南水（ㄋㄢˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ）) (?–?)
    • Duoba (咄霸（ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄚˋ）) (?–?)
    • Qingyuan (清遠（ㄑㄧㄥ ㄩㄢˇ）) (?–?)
    • Baigou (白狗（ㄅㄞˊ ㄍㄡˇ）) (?–?)
  • Zangke (牂牁（ㄗㄤ ㄎㄜ）) (?–?)
  • Kunwu (昆吾（ㄎㄨㄣ ㄨˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (己) of Huaxia descent
  • Luodian (羅殿（ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ）) (?–?)
  • Meishan Dong (梅山峒（ㄇㄟˊ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Meishan Dong Left Wing (梅山峒左甲（ㄇㄟˊ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄗㄨㄛˇ ㄐㄧㄚˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Fu (扶)
    • Meishan Dong Right Wing (梅山峒右甲（ㄇㄟˊ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄧㄡˋ ㄐㄧㄚˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dun (頓)
  • Xi Dong (溪峒（ㄒㄧ ㄉㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Yizi (夷子（ㄧˊ ㄗˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ji (季)
  • Qiongdu (邛都（ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄉㄨ）) (?–?)
  • Xi (巂（ㄒㄧ）) (?–?)
  • Azhe (阿者（ㄚ ㄓㄜˇ）) (?–?)
  • Dilie (敵烈（ㄉㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄝˋ）) (?–?)
  • Wugu (烏古（ㄨ ㄍㄨˇ）) (?–?)
  • Suo (索（ㄙㄨㄛˇ）) (?–?)
  • Xunyu (葷粥（ㄒㄩㄣ ㄩˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Si (姒) of Huaxia descent
  • Huimo (濊貊（ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄇㄛˋ）) (?–?)
  • Dugu tribe (獨孤部（ㄉㄨˊ ㄍㄨ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Liu (劉) of Xiongnu descent
  • Murong tribe (慕容部（ㄇㄨˋ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Murong (慕容) of Xianbei descent
  • Helan tribe (賀蘭部（ㄏㄜˋ ㄌㄢˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Helan (賀蘭) of Xianbei descent
    • Boma (駁馬（ㄅㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ）) (?–?)
  • Tongluo tribe (同羅部（ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–?)
  • Bayirqu tribe (拔野古部（ㄅㄚˊ ㄧㄝˇ ㄍㄨˇ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–?)
  • Ikires tribe (亦乞列思部（ㄧˋ ㄑㄧˇ ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄙ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–?)
  • Dörbet tribe of Borjigin (博爾濟吉特氏杜爾伯特部（ㄅㄛˊ ㄦˇ ㄐㄧˋ ㄐㄧˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄕˋ ㄉㄨˋ ㄦˇ ㄅㄛˊ ㄊㄜˋ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Borjigin (孛兒只斤) of Mongol descent
  • Qibi tribe (契苾部（ㄑㄧˋ ㄅㄧˋ ㄅㄨˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Qibi (契苾) of Tiele descent
  • Lordship of Ayuxi (阿芋徙君長國（ㄚ ㄩˋ ㄒㄧˇ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Gukougou (古口勾君長國（ㄍㄨˇ ㄎㄡˇ ㄍㄡ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Awaire (阿外惹君長國（ㄚ ㄨㄞˋ ㄖㄜˇ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Bole (播勒君長國（ㄅㄛ ㄌㄜˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Chele (扯勒君長國（ㄔㄜˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Lousu (婁素君長國（ㄌㄡˊ ㄙㄨˋ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Doumi (陡靡君長國（ㄉㄡˇ ㄇㄧˊ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Lordship of Dongchuan (東川君長國（ㄉㄨㄥ ㄔㄨㄢ ㄐㄩㄣ ㄓㄤˇ ㄍㄨㄛˊ）) (?–?)
  • Tuoling Aboriginal County (陀陵土縣（ㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Huang (黃)
  • Sicheng Aboriginal Prefecture (思城土州（ㄙ ㄔㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄡ）) (?–?)
  • Chuxiong County Tutongshi (楚雄縣土通事（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Kou (寇)
  • Chuxiong County Tutongba (楚雄縣土通把（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄊㄨㄥ ㄅㄚˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) and the House of Zhang (張)
  • Chuxiong County Tubashi (楚雄縣土把事（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄚˇ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of He (何), the House of Li (李), and the House of Yang (楊)
  • Chuxiong County Tuxunjian (楚雄縣土巡檢（ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄥˊ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄢˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Yi descent
  • Heqing Prefecture Tuqianfuzhang (鶴慶府土千夫長（ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄈㄨ ㄓㄤˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Bai descent
  • Heqing Tujingli (鶴慶土經歷（ㄏㄜˋ ㄑㄧㄥˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄥ ㄌㄧˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王) and the House of Wei (魏)
  • Xundian Tuqianfuzhang (尋甸土千夫長（ㄒㄩㄣˊ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄑㄧㄢ ㄈㄨ ㄓㄤˇ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Mu (木) of Nakhi descent
  • Yao'an Prefecture Tuzhaomo (姚安府土照磨（ㄧㄠˊ ㄢ ㄈㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄓㄠˋ ㄇㄛˊ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Gao (高) of Bai descent
  • Dingyuan County Tubashi (定遠縣土把事（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄩㄢˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄚˇ ㄕˋ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Shizhu Anfusi Tongzhi (石砫安撫司同知（ㄕˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄢ ㄈㄨˇ ㄙ ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄓ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Chen (陳)
  • Chiefdom of Dingbian County (定邊縣土司（ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄅㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Shao (邵)
  • Chiefdom of Geni (革泥土司（ㄍㄜˊ ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zanli (咱里土司（ㄗㄢˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Gu (古)
  • Chiefdom of Yuke (魚科土司（ㄩˊ ㄎㄜ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhuowo (倬倭土司（ㄓㄨㄛ ㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Suweiyi (速為驛土司（ㄙㄨˋ ㄨㄟˊ ㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Youdian (右甸土司（ㄧㄡˋ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Jiang (蔣) of Blang descent and the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Kongsa (孔撒土司（ㄎㄨㄥˇ ㄙㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhuwo (侏倭土司（ㄓㄨ ㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhanggu (章谷土司（ㄓㄤ ㄍㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Laowo (老撾土司（ㄌㄠˇ ㄨㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Diao (刁) of Lao descent
  • Chiefdom of Mubang (木邦土司（ㄇㄨˋ ㄅㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Nalouchongdao'anzheng'erli (納樓崇道安正二里土司（ㄋㄚˋ ㄌㄡˊ ㄔㄨㄥˊ ㄉㄠˋ ㄢ ㄓㄥˋ ㄦˋ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Liuhuzhangzhai (六呼掌寨土司（ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄏㄨ ㄓㄤˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Li (李) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Shanghekuirong (上河虧容土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄏㄜˊ ㄎㄨㄟ ㄖㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Sun (孫) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Canbulang (參卜郎土司（ㄘㄢ ㄅㄨˇ ㄌㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shuijijiang (水犄姜土司（ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄐㄧ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
    • Chiefdom of Shuidejiang (水德江土司（ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄉㄜˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (AD 14th century–1605)
  • Chiefdom of Yidu (夷都土司（ㄧˊ ㄉㄨ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yi (夷)
  • Chiefdom of Pingyi (平夷土司（ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Wang (王)
  • Chiefdom of Leipo (雷坡土司（ㄌㄟˊ ㄆㄛ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Chiefdom of Guizhou (貴州土司（ㄍㄨㄟˋ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhengmai (整賣土司（ㄓㄥˇ ㄇㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengliang (孟良土司（ㄇㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Menghai (猛海土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengyuan (猛元土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄩㄢˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Meng'a (猛阿土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Shao (召) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengla (猛臘土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengwang (猛往土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄨㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Shao (召) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menghun (猛混土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengzhe (猛遮土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄓㄜ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Menglong (猛龍土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai (白)
  • Chiefdom of Mengla (猛拉土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄌㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengyong (猛勇土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄩㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengsan (猛散土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄙㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengyu (孟育土司（ㄇㄥˋ ㄩˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Mengwang (勐旺土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄨㄤˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Tianzhou (田州土司（ㄊㄧㄢˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Cen (岑) of Zhuang descent
  • Twelve Minor Kingdoms of Tibet (吐蕃十二小邦（ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ ㄕˊ ㄦˋ ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄅㄤ）) (?–?)
    • Zhang-zhung (象雄（ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄒㄩㄥˊ）) (500 BC–AD 625)
    • mChims-yul (琛域（ㄔㄣ ㄩˋ）) (?–?)
    • Myang-ro-phyong-dkar (娘若瓊嘎（ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄍㄚ）) (?–?)
    • gNubs-yul-gling-dgu (努域陵古（ㄋㄨˇ ㄩˋ ㄌㄧㄥˊ ㄍㄨˇ）) (?–?)
    • Nyang-ro-sham-bo (娘若香波（ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄅㄛ）) (?–?)
    • Kyi-ri-ljon-snyon (吉日窮恩（ㄐㄧˊ ㄖˋ ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄣ）) (?–?)
    • Nyam-sho dKhra-sna (昂雪查那（ㄤˊ ㄒㄩㄝˇ ㄔㄚˊ ㄋㄚˋ）) (?–?)
    • Ol-phu-spang-mkhar (約甫邦卡（ㄩㄝ ㄈㄨˇ ㄅㄤ ㄎㄚˇ）) (?–?)
    • Sribs-yul-gyi-ral-gong (西布域瑞貢（ㄒㄧ ㄅㄨˋ ㄩˋ ㄖㄨㄟˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ）) (?–?)
    • Kong-yul-bre-sna (工域哲那（ㄍㄨㄥ ㄩˋ ㄓㄜˊ ㄋㄚˋ）) (?–?)
    • Nyan gYul-rnam-gsum (娘域納松（ㄋㄧㄤˊ ㄩˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄙㄨㄥ）) (?–?)
    • Dwags-yul-gru-bnyi (達域楚奚（ㄉㄚˊ ㄩˋ ㄔㄨˇ ㄒㄧ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Weiyuan (威遠土司（ㄨㄟ ㄩㄢˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Dao (刀) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Yongle (永樂土司（ㄩㄥˇ ㄌㄜˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普)
  • Chiefdom of Liucun (六村土司（ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄘㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Sun (孫)
  • Chiefdom of Zongwa (宗瓦土司（ㄗㄨㄥ ㄨㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Pu (普)
  • Chiefdom of Zongha (宗哈土司（ㄗㄨㄥ ㄏㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai (白)
  • Chiefdom of Ganlanba (橄欖壩土司（ㄍㄢˇ ㄌㄢˇ ㄅㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Yiwu (易武土司（ㄧˋ ㄨˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Liushun (六順土司（ㄌㄧㄡˋ ㄕㄨㄣˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Buha (補哈土司（ㄅㄨˇ ㄏㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jinghai (景海土司（ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄏㄞˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jingxian (景綫土司（ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄒㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Manmu (蠻暮土司（ㄇㄢˊ ㄇㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dashan (大山土司（ㄉㄚˋ ㄕㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Puteng (普藤土司（ㄆㄨˇ ㄊㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhengdong (整董土司（ㄓㄥˇ ㄉㄨㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Dongwu (動烏土司（ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄨ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Wude (烏得土司（ㄨ ㄉㄜˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhanda (盞達土司（ㄓㄢˇ ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Husa (戶撒土司（ㄏㄨˋ ㄙㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lasa (臘撒土司（ㄌㄚˋ ㄙㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Wuding of Na-shi (武定那氏土司（ㄨˇ ㄉㄧㄥˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Na (那) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Xuanwei of An-shi (宣威安氏土司（ㄒㄩㄢ ㄨㄟ ㄢ ㄕˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of An (安) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Qiongbu (邛部土司（ㄑㄩㄥˊ ㄅㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Ling (嶺) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengmeng (猛猛土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄇㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Han (罕) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Mengsa (猛撒土司（ㄇㄥˇ ㄙㄚˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Han (罕) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Alinzhai (阿林寨土司（ㄚ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊)
  • Chiefdom of Mangshuizhai (莽水寨土司（ㄇㄤˇ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Mang (莽)
  • Chiefdom of Banhong (班洪土司（ㄅㄢ ㄏㄨㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Hu (胡) of Wa descent
  • Chiefdom of Malong Prefecture (馬龍州土司（ㄇㄚˇ ㄌㄨㄥˊ ㄓㄡ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Sha (沙) of Yi descent and the House of Chang (常) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Luzhang (魯掌土司（ㄌㄨˇ ㄓㄤˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Cha (茶) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Denggeng (登埂土司（ㄉㄥ ㄍㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Maozhao (卯照土司（ㄇㄠˇ ㄓㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Duan (段) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shangwujing (上五井土司（ㄕㄤˋ ㄨˇ ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Yang (楊) of Bai descent
  • Chiefdom of Lazong (剌宗土司（ㄌㄚˋ ㄗㄨㄥ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bolijia (孛里加土司（ㄅㄛˊ ㄌㄧˇ ㄐㄧㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Duobasansun (多八三孫土司（ㄉㄨㄛ ㄅㄚ ㄙㄢ ㄙㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Jiaba (加八土司（ㄐㄧㄚ ㄅㄚ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhaori (兆日土司（ㄓㄠˋ ㄖˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Nazhu (納竹土司（ㄋㄚˋ ㄓㄨˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lunda (倫答土司（ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄉㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Guoyou (果由土司（ㄍㄨㄛˇ ㄧㄡˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Shalikehahudi (沙里可哈忽的土司（ㄕㄚ ㄌㄧˇ ㄎㄜˇ ㄏㄚ ㄏㄨ ㄉㄧˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Salitu'er (撒里土兒土司（ㄙㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Lacuoya (剌錯牙土司（ㄌㄚˋ ㄘㄨㄛˋ ㄧㄚˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Runzelusun (潤則魯孫土司（ㄖㄨㄣˋ ㄗㄜˊ ㄌㄨˇ ㄙㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bujiucun (部舊村土司（ㄅㄨˋ ㄐㄧㄡˋ ㄘㄨㄣ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Bai (白) of Hani descent
  • Chiefdom of Manchexiang (慢車鄉土司（ㄇㄢˋ ㄔㄜ ㄒㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Diao (刁) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Menghua (蒙化土司（ㄇㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Zuo (左) of Yi descent
  • Chiefdom of Yuanjiang (元江土司（ㄩㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄤ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?) – Ruled by the House of Na (那) of Dai descent
  • Chiefdom of Shidian (施甸土司（ㄕ ㄉㄧㄢˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhendao (鎮道土司（ㄓㄣˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Ailin (艾林土司（ㄞˋ ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Badi (壩底土司（ㄅㄚˋ ㄉㄧˇ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Zhanzangxianjiecu (占藏先結簇土司（ㄓㄢˋ ㄗㄤˋ ㄒㄧㄢ ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Fashandongcu (發山洞簇土司（ㄈㄚ ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Banbancu (班班簇土司（ㄅㄢ ㄅㄢ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Sinang'ercu (思曩兒簇土司（ㄙ ㄋㄤˇ ㄦˊ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Ayongcu (阿用簇土司（ㄚ ㄩㄥˋ ㄘㄨˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Panwozhai (潘斡寨土司（ㄆㄢ ㄨㄛˋ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Balang (八郎土司（ㄅㄚ ㄌㄤˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Ajiaozhai (阿角寨土司（ㄚ ㄐㄧㄠˇ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Xintian (新添土司（ㄒㄧㄣ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Bapingzhai (把平寨土司（ㄅㄚˇ ㄆㄧㄥˊ ㄓㄞˋ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)
  • Chiefdom of Danxing (丹行土司（ㄉㄢ ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄊㄨˇ ㄙ）) (?–?)

Cyprus

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Indian Subcontinent (South Asia)

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Indonesia

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See also: List of Indonesian monarchies and Vorstenlanden

Iran (Persia)

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See also: Islamic dynasties of Iran, List of Iranian dynasties and countries, and List of monarchs of Persia

Japan

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See also: List of emperors of Japan and List of han

Imperial House (皇室（こうしつ）) (660 BCE–present) – called "Kōshitsu" in Japanese; The traditional founding year of 660 BCE assigned by Japanese historiography is typically considered to be legendary, however the latest date is 539 CE with Emperor Kinmei

Jordan

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See also: List of kings of Jordan

Korea

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See also: List of monarchs of Korea
  • Gojoseon (고조선 / 古朝鮮) (2333–108 BC) – The traditional founding year of 2333 BC assigned by Korean historiography is typically considered to be mythical
  • Takri Kingdom (고리국 / 槀離國) (c. 5th century–2nd century BC)
  • Jin (진 / 辰) (c. 4th century–2nd century BC)
  • Dongye (동예 / 東濊) (c. 3rd century BC–AD 5th century)
  • Buyeo (부여 / 扶餘) (239 BC–AD 494)
    • Northern Buyeo (북부여 / 北扶餘) (239–58 BC)
      • Jolbon Buyeo (졸본부여 / 卒本扶餘) (86–37 BC)
      • Eastern Buyeo (동부여 / 東扶餘) (86 BC–AD 22)
        • Galsa Buyeo (갈사부여 / 曷思扶餘) (AD 22–494)
  • Okjeo (옥저 / 沃沮) (c. 2nd century BC–AD 5th century)
    • Eastern Okjeo (동옥저 / 東沃沮) – Also called "Southern Okjeo" (남옥저 / 南沃沮)
    • Northern Okjeo (북옥저 / 北沃沮)
  • Nakrang Kingdom (낙랑국 / 樂浪國) (c. 1st century BC–AD 37)
  • Samhan (삼한 / 三韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 5th century)
    • Jinhan (진한 / 辰韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 4th century)
    • Mahan (마한 / 馬韓) (c. 1st century BC–AD 5th century)
    • Byeonhan (변한 / 弁韓) (c. 1st century–4th century AD)
  • Three Kingdoms (삼국 / 三國) (57 BC–AD 668)
    • Silla (신라 / 新羅) (57 BC–AD 935) – Ruled by the House of Park (박 / 朴), the House of Seok (석 / 昔), and the House of Kim (김 / 金)
    • Goguryeo (고구려 / 高句麗) (37 BC–AD 668) – Ruled by the House of Go (고 / 高)
    • Baekje (백제 / 百濟) (18 BC–AD 660) – Ruled by the House of Buyeo (부여 / 扶餘); Also called "Southern Buyeo" (남부여 / 南扶餘)
  • Tamna (탐라 / 耽羅) (57 BC–AD 1402)
  • Xin dynasty (신나라 / 新朝) (AD 9–23) – Interrupted the Han dynasty; Ruled by the House of Wang (왕 / 王); Chinese rule over the Four Commanderies of Han on the Korean Peninsula
  • Gaya (가야 / 伽倻) (AD 42–562)
  • Bodeog (보덕국 / 報德國) (AD 674–683) – Ruled by the House of Go (고 / 高)
  • Northern and Southern States (남북국 / 南北國) (AD 698–892)
    • Later Silla (후신라 / 後新羅) (AD 668–935) – Ruled by the House of Kim (김 / 金); Also called "Unified Silla" (통일신라 / 統一新羅)
    • Balhae (발해 / 渤海) (AD 698–926) – Ruled by the House of Dae (대 / 大)
  • Jang-an (장안 / 長安) (AD 822–825) – Ruled by the House of Kim (김 / 金)
  • Later Three Kingdoms (후삼국 / 後三國) (AD 892–936)
    • Later Silla (후신라 / 後新羅) (AD 668–935) – Ruled by the House of Kim (김 / 金); Also called "Unified Silla" (통일신라 / 統一新羅)
    • Later Baekje (후백제 / 後百濟) (AD 892–936) – Ruled by the House of Gyeon (견 / 甄)
    • Taebong (태봉 / 泰封) (AD 901–918) – Ruled by the House of Kim (김 / 金); Also called "Later Goguryeo" (후고구려 / 後高句麗)
  • Goryeo (고려 / 高麗) (AD 918–1392) – Ruled by the House of Wang (왕 / 王)
  • Later Sabeol (후사벌 / 後沙伐) (AD 919–927) – Ruled by the House of Park (박 / 朴)
  • Usan (우산국 / 于山國) (?–AD 1022)
  • Daewi (대위국 / 大為國) (AD 1135–1136)
  • Joseon (조선 / 朝鮮) (AD 1392–1897) – Ruled by the House of Yi (이 / 李)
  • Daegeum (대금 / 大金) (AD 1453) – Ruled by the House of Yi (이 / 李)

Kuwait

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Laos

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See also: List of monarchs of Laos
  • Khun Lo dynasty (AD 1353–1438, AD 1442–1583, AD 1591–1778, AD 1780–1791, AD 1811–1858, AD 1946–1975)
  • Later Lê dynasty (AD 1478–1480)
  • Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກຫລວງພະບາງ) (AD 1707–1945)

Lebanon

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Malaysia

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See also: Monarchies of Malaysia
  • Gangga Negara (c. AD 2nd century–1026) – Legendary
  • Langkasuka (c. AD 2nd century–15th century)
  • Kedah Sultanate (Kesultanan Kedah) (AD 1136–1941, AD 1945–1946, AD 1948–present) – Ruling house of Kedah (Non-sovereign)
  • Malacca Sultanate (Kesultanan Melayu Melaka) (AD 1400–1511)
  • Inland dynasty (AD 1457–1688) – Pattani Kingdom
  • Malacca-Johor dynasty (AD 1528–1699) – Johor Sultanate
  • House of Waris Jakun (AD 1540–1555, AD 1605–1620, AD 1645–1660, AD 1750–1790, AD 1795–1812, AD 1819–1838, AD 1871–1883, AD 1905–1922, AD 1938–1962, AD 1998–present) – Undang of Rembau in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Waris Jawa (AD 1555–1605, AD 1620–1645, AD 1660–1750, AD 1790–1795, AD 1812–1819, AD 1838–1871, AD 1883–1905, AD 1922–1938, AD 1962–1998) – Undang of Rembau in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • Siak dynasty (AD 1636–present) – Ruling house of Perak (Non-sovereign)
  • First Kelantanese dynasty (AD 1688–1808) – Pattani Kingdom
  • Bendahara dynasty (AD 1699–present) – Johor Sultanate (AD 1699–1855), Pahang Kingdom (AD 1770–1881), and ruling house of Pahang and Terengganu (AD 1699–present) (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Perut Johol (AD 1723–1900, AD 1918–1947, AD 1873–1985, AD 1988–2007, AD 2016–present) – Undang of Johol in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Daeng Chelak (AD 1745–present) – Ruling house of Selangor (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Waris Ulu Jelebu (AD 1757–?, AD 1820–?, AD 1883–1902, AD 1966–1979) – Undang of Jelebu in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Long Yunus (AD 1765–present) – Ruling house of Kelantan (Non-sovereign)
  • Pagaruyung dynasty (AD 1773–present) – Ruling house of Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign); Also called "House of Yamtuan Raden"
  • House of Palembang (AD 1780–1899) – Kingdom of Besut Darul Iman
  • House of Waris Sarin (AD 18th century–19th century, AD 1902–1945, AD 1980–2014) – Undang of Jelebu in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Klana (AD 18th century–present) – Undang of Sungai Ujong in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
    • House of Waris Hulu (AD 18th century–?, AD 1760–1800, AD 1824–1873, AD 1889–1945, AD 1993–present) – Undang of Sungai Ujong in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
    • House of Walis Hilir (AD 18th century–?, AD 1800–1824, AD 1873–1889, AD 1945–1993) – Undang of Sungai Ujong in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)
  • White Rajahs (Raja Putih Sarawak) (AD 1841–1946) – Raj of Sarawak; Also called "Brooke dynasty"
  • Second Kelantanese dynasty (AD 1842–1902) – Pattani Kingdom
  • House of Jamalullail (AD 1843–present) – Ruling house of Perlis (Non-sovereign)
  • House of Waris Kemin (AD 19th century–1820, ?–AD 1883, AD 1945–1962, AD 2018–present) – Undang of Jelebu in Negeri Sembilan (Non-sovereign)

Maldives

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See also: List of Maldivian monarchs

Mesopotamia

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Main article: List of Mesopotamian dynasties

Mongolia

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See also: List of Mongol states and List of Mongol rulers

Myanmar (Burma)

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See also: List of Burmese monarchs

Nepal

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(राणा वंश) (AD 1857-1951)

Oman

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See also: List of rulers of Oman

Israel

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The Philippines

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Qatar

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Ryukyu Islands

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Saudi Arabia

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See also: List of rulers of Saudi Arabia

Siberia

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Sri Lanka

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See also: List of Sri Lankan monarchs

Thailand (Siam)

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See also: Monarchy of Thailand and List of monarchs of Thailand
  • Singhanavati (สิงหนวัติ)
  • Lavachakkaraj dynasty (AD 638–1292) – Kingdom of Hiran
  • Phra Ruang dynasty (ราชวงศ์พระร่วง) (AD 1238–1438) – Sukhothai Kingdom
  • Mangrai dynasty (AD 1292–1558) – Lan Na
  • Uthong dynasty (ราชวงศ์อู่ทอง) (AD 1350–1370, AD 1388–1409) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • Suphannaphum dynasty (ราชวงศ์สุพรรณภูมิ) (AD 1370–1388, AD 1409–1569) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • Inland dynasty (AD 1457–1688) – Pattani Kingdom
  • Sukhothai dynasty (ราชวงศ์สุโขทัย) (AD 1569–1629) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • Sultanate of Singora (รัฐสุลต่านซิงกอรา) (AD 1605–1680)
  • Prasart Thong dynasty (ราชวงศ์ปราสาททอง) (AD 1629–1688) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • Baan Plu Luang dynasty (ราชวงศ์บ้านพลูหลวง) (AD 1688–1767) – Ayutthaya Kingdom
  • First Kelantanese dynasty (AD 1688–1808) – Pattani Kingdom
  • Chet Ton dynasty (เชื้อเจ็ดตน) (AD 1732–1943) – Also called "Thipchak dynasty" (ราชวงศ์ทิพย์จักร)
  • Thonburi Kingdom (ราชวงศ์ธนบุรี) (AD 1767–1782)
  • Chakri dynasty (ราชวงศ์จักรี) (AD 1782–present) – Rattanakosin Kingdom (AD 1782–1932) and Kingdom of Thailand (AD 1932–present)
  • Second Kelantanese dynasty (AD 1842–1902) – Pattani Kingdom

United Arab Emirates

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See also: Royal families of the United Arab Emirates and List of rulers of individual Emirates of the United Arab Emirates

Vietnam

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Main article: List of Vietnamese dynasties
See also: List of monarchs of Vietnam
  • Hồng Bàng dynasty (Hồng Bàng thị / 鴻龐氏) (2879–258 BC)
    • Càn line (Chi Càn / 支乾) (2879–2794 BC)
    • Khảm line (Chi Khảm / 支坎) (2793–2525 BC)
    • Cấn line (Chi Cấn / 支艮) (2524–2253 BC)
    • Chấn line (Chi Chấn / 支震) (2252–1913 BC)
    • Tốn line (Chi Tốn / 支巽) (1912–1713 BC)
    • Ly line (Chi Ly / 支離) (1712–1632 BC)
    • Khôn line (Chi Khôn / 支坤) (1631–1432 BC)
    • Đoài line (Chi Đoài / 支兌) (1431–1332 BC)
    • Giáp line (Chi Giáp / 支甲) (1331–1252 BC)
    • Ất line (Chi Ất / 支乙) (1251–1162 BC)
    • Bính line (Chi Bính / 支丙) (1161–1055 BC)
    • Đinh line (Chi Đinh / 支丁) (1054–969 BC)
    • Mậu line (Chi Mậu / 支戊) (968–854 BC)
    • Kỷ line (Chi Kỷ / 支己) (853–755 BC)
    • Canh line (Chi Canh / 支庚) (754–661 BC)
    • Tân line (Chi Tân / 支辛) (660–569 BC)
    • Nhâm line (Chi Nhâm / 支壬) (568–409 BC)
    • Qúy line (Chi Qúy / 支癸) (408–258 BC)
  • Thục dynasty (Nhà Thục / 茹蜀) (257–207 BC)
  • Triệu dynasty (Nhà Triệu / 茹趙) (204–111 BC) – Founded by Zhao Tuo from the Chinese Qin dynasty; Vietnam ruled as part of Nanyue
  • Trưng sisters (Hai Bà Trưng / 𠄩婆徵) (AD 40–43) – Interrupted the Han dynasty
  • Early Lý dynasty (Nhà Tiền Lý / 茹前李) (AD 544–602)
  • Khúc clan (Họ Khúc / 𣱆曲) (AD 905–930)
  • Ngô dynasty (Nhà Ngô / 茹吳) (AD 939–965)
  • Đinh dynasty (Nhà Đinh / 茹丁) (AD 968–980)
  • Early Lê dynasty (Nhà Tiền Lê / 茹前黎) (AD 980–1009)
  • Lý dynasty (Nhà Lý / 茹李) (AD 1009–1225)
  • Trần dynasty (Nhà Trần / 茹陳) (AD 1225–1400)
  • Hồ dynasty (Nhà Hồ / 茹胡) (AD 1400–1407)
  • Later Lê dynasty (Nhà Hậu Lê / 茹後黎) (AD 1428–1527, AD 1533–1789)
  • Mạc dynasty (Nhà Mạc / 茹莫) (AD 1527–1677)
  • Bầu lords (Chúa Bầu / 主裒) (AD 1527–1689)
  • Trịnh lords (Chúa Trịnh / 主鄭) (AD 1545–1787)
  • Nguyễn lords (Chúa Nguyễn / 主阮) (AD 1558–1777)
  • Principality of Hà Tiên (Hà Tiên trấn / 河僊鎮) (AD 1707–1832) – Founded by Mo Jiu from the Chinese Southern Ming dynasty
  • Tây Sơn dynasty (Nhà Tây Sơn / 茹西山) (AD 1778–1802)
  • Nguyễn dynasty (Nhà Nguyễn / 茹阮) (AD 1802–1945) – Nguyễn monarch legally maintained the nominal title of "emperor" in the Domain of the Crown from 1950 to 1955[5]
  • House of Sedang (Nhà Xơ Đăng) (AD 1888–1890)
  • Tai Federation Royal House (before 17th century–1954)

Yemen

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List of dynasties in Europe

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Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties

Albania

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See also: List of Albanian monarchs

Andorra

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See also: List of co-princes of Andorra

Austria

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See also: List of rulers of Austria

Barbarians

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Avars

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Bavarii

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Burgundians

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Franks

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Huns

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Lombards

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See also: List of kings of the Lombards

Ostrogoths

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Suebi

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Vandals

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Visigoths

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Belgium

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See also: Monarchy of Belgium and List of Belgian monarchs

Medieval feudal states[u]:

Kingdom of Belgium:

Bohemia/Czechia

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See also: List of rulers of Czechs and List of Bohemian monarchs

Great Moravia:

Kingdom of Bohemia:

Bosnia

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See also: List of rulers of Bosnia

Bulgaria

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See also: List of Bulgarian monarchs

Croatia

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See also: List of rulers of Croatia

Denmark

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See also: Monarchy of Denmark and List of Danish monarchs

England

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See also: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, List of English monarchs, List of British monarchs, and Heptarchy

Estonia

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See also: List of rulers of Estonia

Finland

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See also: Monarchy of Finland and List of monarchs and heads of state of Finland

France

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See also: List of French monarchs

Corsica:

Germany

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See also: Monarchy of Germany and List of German monarchs

Bavaria:

Saxony:

Georgia

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See also: List of monarchs of Georgia

Greece

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See also: Monarchy of Greece and List of kings of Greece

Hungary

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See also: List of Hungarian monarchs

Iceland

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See also: List of rulers of Iceland

Ireland

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See also: Monarchy of Ireland and List of Irish kingdoms

Italy

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See also: Monarchy of Italy

For the rulers of Rome see Roman Empire

Sicily:

Liechtenstein

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See also: Monarchy of Liechtenstein and List of monarchs of Liechtenstein

Lithuania

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See also: List of Lithuanian monarchs

Luxembourg

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See also: Monarchy of Luxembourg and List of monarchs of Luxembourg

Malta

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See also: List of monarchs of Malta

Monaco

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See also: Monarchy of Monaco and List of rulers of Monaco

Montenegro

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See also: List of rulers of Montenegro

The Netherlands

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See also: Monarchy of the Netherlands, List of rulers of the Netherlands, and List of monarchs of the Netherlands

Norway

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See also: Monarchy of Norway, List of Norwegian monarchs, and Petty kingdoms of Norway

Poland

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See also: List of Polish monarchs

Elective monarchy:

Portugal

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See also: List of Portuguese monarchs and Taifa

Roman Empire

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Main article: List of Roman dynasties
See also: List of Roman emperors, List of Byzantine emperors, List of Roman usurpers, and List of Byzantine usurpers

Romania

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See also: List of rulers of Moldavia and List of rulers of Wallachia

Moldavia:

Wallachia:

After the Unification:

European Russia

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See also: List of Russian monarchs
  • Khazar Khaganate (Хазары) (AD 650–969)
  • Volga Bulgaria (Волжская Булгария) (AD 7th century–1242)
  • Rus' Khaganate (Русский каганат) (AD 8th century–9th century) – Hypothesized
  • Kyi dynasty (AD 842–882)
  • Rurik dynasty (Рю́риковичи) (AD 862–1598, AD 1605–1610)
  • Golden Horde (Золотая Орда) (AD 1242–1502) – Russia under Mongol rule
  • Qasim dynasty (AD 1575–1576)
  • Godunov dynasty (Годуно́в) (AD 1598–1605)
  • House of Romanov (Рома́новы) (AD 1613–1762, AD 1796–1917, AD 1922)
  • Kalmyk Khanate (Калмыцкое ханство) (AD 1630–1771)

Scotland

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See also: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, List of Scottish monarchs, and List of British monarchs

Serbia

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See also: List of Serbian monarchs

Spain

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See also: Monarchy of Spain, List of Spanish monarchs, and Taifa

Sweden

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See also: Monarchy of Sweden and List of Swedish monarchs

Ukraine

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See also: List of Ukrainian rulers

Wales

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See also: Monarchy of the United Kingdom, List of rulers of Wales, and List of British monarchs

List of dynasties in North America

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Legend
  Extant sovereign dynasties
  Extant non-sovereign dynasties

Chiefdoms of Hispaniola

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  • Chiefs of Marién (?–mid 16th century)
  • Chiefs of Maguá (?–mid 16th century)
  • Chiefs of Maguana (?–mid 16th century)
  • Chiefs of Jaragua (?–mid 16th century)
  • Chiefs of Higüey (?–mid 16th century)

El Salvador

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Haiti

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See also: List of monarchs of Haiti

Maya

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Mexico

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See also: List of rulers of Tenochtitlan, List of rulers of Tetzcoco, and List of rulers of Tlatelolco

Panama

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Trinidad and Tobago

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Conterminous United States

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List of dynasties in Oceania

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Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Australia)

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Easter Island (Chile)

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Fiji

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See also: Monarchy of Fiji

French Polynesia (France)

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Austral Islands

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Bass Islands

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Gambier Islands

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See also: List of monarchs of Mangareva

Marquesas Islands

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Society Islands

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See also: List of monarchs of Bora Bora, List of monarchs of Huahine, List of monarchs of Raiatea, and List of monarchs of Tahiti

Hawaii (United States)

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See also: List of Hawaiian monarchs

Kiribati

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Marshall Islands

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Micronesia

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Nauru

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  • House of Emea (AD 1888–1921) – After uniting the 12 tribes of Nauru

Cook Islands

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See also: Monarchy in the Cook Islands

Samoan Islands

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Tonga

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See also: List of monarchs of Tonga

List of dynasties in South America

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Bolivia

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Brazil

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See also: List of monarchs of Brazil

Chile

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Peru

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Venezuela

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Existing sovereign entities ruled by non-dynastic monarchs are:
  2. ^ The founder of a dynasty need not necessarily equate to the first monarch of a particular realm. For example, while William I was the dynastic founder of the House of Orange-Nassau which currently rules over the Kingdom of the Netherlands, he was never a monarch of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
  3. ^ Not to be confused with dynastic seat.
  4. ^ A sovereign state with Charles III as its monarch and head of state is known as a Commonwealth realm.
  5. ^ In AD 1917, the dynasty was renamed from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the House of Windsor by George V.
  6. ^ Including:
  7. ^ The Realm of New Zealand consists of:
  8. ^ Including: In addition, the British government is responsible for the following Crown Dependencies, but they are neither part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland nor are they British Overseas Territories:
  9. ^ In AD 1920, the dynasty was renamed from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the House of Belgium by Albert I.
  10. ^ The dynasty's origin in Tarim is claimed by the royal family, but the historicity is dubious.
  11. ^ The Danish Realm consists of:
  12. ^ Including:
  13. ^ The Emperor Jimmu was the legendary founder of the Imperial House of Japan, known as Kōshitsu (皇室) in Japanese, but his historicity remains unverifiable. The earliest widely accepted ruler from the dynasty was the Emperor Ankō. According to official narrative, the Imperial House of Japan is the world's oldest continuous dynasty, having produced an unbroken succession of Japanese monarchs since the legendary founding year of 660 BC.
  14. ^ The House of Temenggong is the ruling dynasty of Johor Darul Ta'zim. The Sultan of Johor is the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
  15. ^ The throne of Malaysia rotates among the nine constituent monarchies of Malaysia, each ruled by a dynasty. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected by the Conference of Rulers.
  16. ^ The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of:
  17. ^ The House of Nahyan is the ruling dynasty of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The Emir of Abu Dhabi is the incumbent President of the United Arab Emirates.
  18. ^ The President of the United Arab Emirates is elected by the Federal Supreme Council. The office has been held by the Emir of Abu Dhabi since the formation of the United Arab Emirates in AD 1971.
  19. ^ Since AD 2011, Montenegro has officially recognized the limited non-political role of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty in cultural promotion. The Petrović-Njegoš dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Montenegro between AD 1696 and AD 1918.
  20. ^ According to traditional chronology, the XXXI dynasty is considered to be the reign of the Persian Achaemenids, while the XXXII dynasty is considered to be the Macedonian period.
  21. ^ Including the County of Flanders, Marquisate of Namur, Duchy of Brabant, County of Hainaut, Duchy of Limburg and County of Luxembourg

References

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  1. ^ "The Realms". The British Monarchists Society. Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  2. ^ Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1982). "唐时期全图（一）". The Historical Atlas of China. Archived from the original on 2020-07-14. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  3. ^ Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1982). "唐时期全图（二）". The Historical Atlas of China. Archived from the original on 2020-07-14. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  4. ^ Tan, Qixiang, ed. (1982). "唐时期全图（三）". The Historical Atlas of China. Archived from the original on 2020-07-14. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  5. ^ Lê Đình Chi. Người Thượng Miền Nam Việt Nam. Gardena, California: Văn Mới, 2006. Pages: 401-449. (in Vietnamese).
  6. ^ They were owners by grant without any royal title related to Cocos Islands.
  7. ^ They were owners by grant without any royal title related to Klein-Venedig.
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