Wikipedia

Macau Light Rapid Transit

"MLRT" redirects here. For the Medan light rail, see Medan LRT.

The Macau Light Rapid Transit (MLRT, Chinese: 澳門輕軌系統; Portuguese: Metro Ligeiro de Macau, MLM) is a mass transit system in Macau and the first railway system of the city. The first phase of the project's construction began in February 2012, and the first section of the Taipa line was opened to the public on 10 December 2019.[1] Barra extension of the line and two new branches of Seac Pai Van and Hengqin opened in 2023 and 2024.

Macau Light Rapid Transit
Macau Light Rail Transit Logo
Macau Light Rail Transit Logo
Overview
Native name
OwnerMacao Light Rapid Transit Corporation, Limited
Area served
LocaleMacau
Transit typePeople mover
Number of lines3
Number of stations15
Websitewww.mlm.com.mo
Operation
Began operation10 December 2019; 4 years ago (2019-12-10)
Operator(s)Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation, Limited(MLM)
Technical
System length14.1 km (9 mi)
Track gaugeN/A - rubber-tired wheels
System map

Macau Light Rapid Transit
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese澳門輕軌系統
Simplified Chinese澳门轻轨系统
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinÀomén Qīngguǐ Xìtǒng
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingou3 mun4*2 hing1 gwai2 hai6 tung2
Portuguese name
PortugueseMetro Ligeiro de Macau

MTR (Macau), a wholly-owned subsidiary of MTR, had operated and maintaining the MLRT under the operations and maintenance assistance services (O&M Contract), until it expires in December 2024. Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation, Limited (MLM) is directly responsible for the operations and maintenance assistance services of the MLRT from 1 April 2024. [2]

The Taipa Line, being the first line of the light rail system to be opened, runs from Barra station to Taipa Ferry Terminal station, with a total length of 12.5 km (7.8 mi) and a total of 13 stations; the depot project is still under construction. Overall, the Taipa Line has been reported to have cost around 10 billion patacas.[3] Once completed, the entire system is expected to serve the Macau Peninsula, Taipa and Cotai, serving major border checkpoints such as the Border Gate, the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal, the Lotus Bridge border and the Macau International Airport.

History

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Conception

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The LRT was first proposed in 2002 by the Macau SAR Government in the Policy Address for the Fiscal Year 2003 by then Chief Executive of Macau Edmund Ho[4] as a method to "solve the urban transport issues". In the same year, the Macau SAR Government entrusted the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway Corporation (Now MTR Corporation) to stage a preliminary study on a railway transport system. The original proposal was presented on 19 February 2003,[5] and recommended the construction of an elevated light metro in two stages: the first stage extends for 17 km (11 mi) with 15 stations going from Portas do Cerco and the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal to Macau Airport via the then constructing Sai Van Bridge, while the second stage would connect the airport with the Cotai (Lotus) Checkpoint and the East Asian Games Dome. The system would mainly cater to tourists, expecting them to take 85% of the projected 43,000 daily rider ship, and was due to open in 2006.

The original proposal for the LRT was criticized by the public for being unable to handle the needs of Macau citizens, obstructing important views of the city, and also for being not cost-effective. Then Secretariat for Transport and Public Works Au Man Long decided to suspend plans for the LRT on 15 April 2003, citing the economic downturn caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak at the time.[6]

A second feasibility study was conducted in 2005 by the Mass Transit Railway Corporation, analysing possible routes for the LRT. The second study recommended a mixed underground and elevated system, with three separate lines:[7] One peninsula encirclement line, one Macau-Taipa Line, and one Airport Line. Based on the second feasibility study and public opinion regarding it, the Macau SAR government in October 2006 released the Detailed Research Program for MLRT report that outlines a route for the LRT similar to the Phase I Line today. The report recommended elevating the entire LRT line to Phase I for budget reasons, and it proposed only one line that stretches for 22 km (14 mi) with 26 stations. The Macau SAR Government, after considering the opinions of the public, called for the construction of the LRT in November 2007 after publishing their optimization program report months earlier. The optimization program report stated that the Mass Transit Railway Corporation, together with an international consortium, should be tasked with the construction of the LRT.

Site investigation work started in 2008.[8] Under the plan, Phase I (Macau–Taipa Line) would connect major entry-exit points at the Macau Peninsula and the Taipa Island with residential and tourist areas. It uses reserved space in the lower deck of the Ponte de Sai Van (Sai Van Bridge) to connect to Taipa island. Phase II (Loop Line) would connect the Barrier gate to A-Ma Temple via the inner harbour area, eventually forming a loop on the Macau peninsula. The LRT is expected to improve transportation options between the Macau Peninsula, Taipa and Cotai, and relieve traffic congestion on roads and bridges.

Construction

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In October 2009, the construction of the LRT was announced by the Macau SAR Government, with the goal of the LRT being operational by 2013. Several changes were made to the plan, including reducing the number of stations to 21 and building part of the LRT running along Nam Van Lake underground or at the surface level.[7] However, due to the constant changes to the path of the LRT, as well as an appeal from one of the tender companies, the start date for construction was delayed for multiple times, and substantial work on the LRT did not commence until 2012.

In December 2010, the government announced that Mitsubishi Heavy Industries was chosen to provide the rolling stock and the system for the LRT, with a winning bid of 4.68 billion Macau Patacas. A contract would then be signed in March 2011, which would entail an order of 55 sets of 2-carriage rolling stock, as well as the accompanying communications and operating systems for the daily operation of the LRT.

The estimated construction cost for Phase 1 (with 21 stations) was revised in June 2011 from MOP 7.5 billion (about US$933 million) to MOP 11 billion (about US$1,370 million) including MOP 360 million for studies, MOP 4.9 billion for rolling stock and MOP 5.74 billion for construction.[9] The project will be financed by the Government of Macau and is scheduled to take about 48 months to complete. Six design packages have been awarded, and the open tenders were expected to be published by October 2011, starting by the Taipa packages C250 and C260. To power up the operation of the LRT, CEM also built two primary substations.[10]

Main construction work began on 21 February 2012 in Taipa.[11][8] The Taipa section is expected to operate by 2019,[12] and Macau Peninsula section to be operating sometime by the early 2020s. Despite the official schedule, analysts did project the initial phase to not be in operation until 2017. The Third Special Audit Report on the First Phase of the Light Rail Transit System published by the Commission of Audit in January 2015 indicated that the construction of the Macau Light Rail Transit was delayed by 883 days.[13]

In January 2018, the Secretariat for Transport and Public Works Raimundo Arrais do Rosário stated that the Macau section of the LRT was "not top priority" and that priority would be given to the East line, which was formally presented on the same day.

Operation

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The Taipa line began operations on 10 December 2019,[14][15] and initially offered free rides from its opening until 31 December, which was later extended to 31 January 2020.[1]

In September 2020, preliminary plans for the East Line were released by the government for public consultation.[16][17][18] Construction of the Hengqin extension began on 18 March 2021.[19][20]

The system closed on 19 October 2021 for six months to replace all 124 km (77 mi) of high voltage cables.[21]

Service extended to Macau Peninsula with Barra station opened on 8 December 2023 with new fare zone added.[22][23]

Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation, Limited (MLM) is directly responsible for the operations and maintenance assistance services of the MLRT from 1 April 2024. [2]

The Union Hospital station opened on 1 September 2024, which also provided an interchange with the new Seac Pai Van Line that had opened in 1 November 2024.[24] On 2 December 2024, the Hengqin Line opened to the public, connecting the border crossing in Zhuhai of China and Macau for cross-border traffic.

Network

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Lines in operation or construction
 
Long-term plans of the Macau Light Rapid Transit

Operating

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Line Termini Length
(km) 		Stations Date opened Previous extension
Taipa Barra Taipa Ferry Terminal 12.5[23] 13 10 December 2019 1 September 2024
 Seac Pai Van  Union Hospital Seac Pai Van 1.6[25] 2 1 November 2024
 Hengqin  Lotus Hengqin 2.2[26] 2 2 December 2024

Under construction

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Line Termini Length
(km) 		Stations Expected opening
 East  Border Gate Taipa Ferry Terminal 7.7[27] 7 2029

Planning or proposed

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Line Termini Length
(km) 		Stations Status
 East  Border Gate Ilha Verde 1 2 Planning
 West  Border Gate Barra 6 6 or 7 Long-Term Planning
 Macau Peninsula  Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal Barra 7 Proposal Suspended
 HKZM Bridge Shuttle  Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge 3 Proposal Suspended
 Taipa Northern Link  5 Proposed

Rolling stock

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Ocean Cruiser
 
ManufacturerMitsubishi Heavy Industries
Constructed2012–2016
Number built55 trains (110 cars)
Capacity105
OperatorsMacau LRT
DepotsMacao Light Rapid Transit Depot
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminum
Car length11 metres (36 ft 1 in)
Width3 metres (9 ft 10 in)
Height4 metres (13 ft 1 in)
Doors4 sets (2 sets per side) per car

The LRT uses Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover APM vehicles with rubber tyres running on concrete tracks,[28] similar to the Singapore LRT. Mitsubishi supplied 55 two-car trains that are fully automated (driverless) and utilize a rubber-tyred APM system.[29] They have a capacity of up to 476 passengers.[28] The car is named Ocean Cruiser.[30]

The Macau government ordered 110 carriages in March 2011,[31] and an additional 48 carriages in January 2014,[31] for a total of 158 carriages in two batches. However, in May 2018, the Macau authorities cancelled the contract to purchase an additional 48 carriages from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and were required to compensate 360 million patacas.[32]

LRT cars are serviced and stored at Macao Light Rapid Transit Depot next to Macau International Airport and across from Wynn Palace in Cotai.

  •  
    Interior of Ocean Cruiser
  •  
    Seats of Ocean Cruiser
  •  
    Train Door of Ocean Cruiser
  •  
    Route Map of Ocean Cruiser
  •  
    Ocean Cruiser at Stadium station

Pricing

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Ticket prices of Macau LRT
 
Ticket Machine

Ticket prices are based on the number of stations a passenger travels through. Those who pay with a stored-value LRT card will receive discounted fares. However when calculating the fare, the cross-sea section from Barra station to Ocean station is regarded as two stations; Union Hospital station is not considered as a station, except for entering or exiting in this station.

Any passenger staying in the paid area over an hour (60 minutes) must pay an additional amount equivalent to the minimum fare for an adult Single Journey ticket (6 patacas), for each 30 minutes exceeding the time limit.

Children below 1 m (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) in height can travel for free, but must be accompanied by an adult. All prices are in MOP.

Number of stations Single Journey LRT Card Macau Pass
Adult Concessionary Adult Student Elderly, Disabled General Student Elderly Disabled
0 to 3 $6 $3 $3 $1.5 Free $3 $1.5 Free Free
4 to 6 $8 $4 $4 $2 $4 $2
7 to 9 $10 $5 $5 $2.5 $5 $2.5
10 to 12 $12 $6 $6 $3 $6 $3

Network map

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Free LRT Trips for One More Month After 3rd Glitch". Macau News. 31 December 2019. Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b "MLM takes over the operations and maintenance works". www.mlm.com.mo. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  3. ^ Guo, Jinbing 郭錦冰; Huang, Weihong 黃偉鴻 (10 December 2019). "Qīngguǐ rì zài kè liàng liào yuē 2 wàn réncì Luó Lìwén: Zhōngyú děngdào jīnrì" 輕軌日載客量料約2萬人次 羅立文:終於等到今日. tdm.com.mo (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  4. ^ Ho, Edmund Hau Wah (20 November 2002). Policy Address for the Fiscal Year 2003 of the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) of the People's Republic of China (PDF) (Speech). Macau SAR Government. Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  5. ^ "Zǒng zàojià niàn qī zhì sà yì qīng tiě nǐ ￮ liù kāitōng" 總造價廿七至卅億 輕鐵擬○六開通 [Total cost of construction 2.7 to 3 billion; light rail proposed to open at '06]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). Macao. 20 February 2003.
  6. ^ "Xiàn jiēduàn tiáojiàn wèi zú huǎn jiàn qīngguǐ" 現階段條件未足 緩建輕軌 [Current conditions insufficient; LRT construction plans suspended]. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). Macao. 16 April 2003.
  7. ^ a b "Progress for the Macao LRT". Transportation Infrastructure Office (Gabinete para as Infras-estructuras de Transportes). Archived from the original on 25 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  8. ^ a b "Macau Starts Light Rail Construction". Macau News. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2012.
  9. ^ "Governo revê em alta orçamento do metro ligeiro" [Government revises high-budget light rail]. SAPO Notícias (in Portuguese). Lusa. 24 June 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  10. ^ "Cable Maintenance Strengthened to Avoid Blackouts". Macau Daily Times. 9 April 2015.
  11. ^ "Arranque oficial da obra de construção dos segmentos do sistema de metro ligeiro" [Official start of the construction work for segments of the light metro system]. Gabinete para as Infra-estruturas de Transportes (in Portuguese). 21 February 2012. Archived from the original on 25 June 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Liǔ'ànhuāmíng yòu yī cūn yǔ chéngjiàn shāng xiéyì jiěyuē qīngguǐ chēchǎng gōngchéng míngnián chóngqǐ zuì kuài huíguī èrshí nián tōngchē" 柳暗花明又一村 與承建商協議解約 輕軌車廠工程明年重啟 最快回歸二十年通車. Macao Daily News (in Chinese). 18 November 2015. p. A3.
  13. ^ Lau, João Pedro (20 January 2015). "Audit Report Predicts Massive LRT Budget Blowout". Macau Daily Times. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
  14. ^ Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation (6 December 2019). "Macao LRT Opens Next Tuesday, Free Rides Until End of the Year". Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  15. ^ "Light Rail Transit Firm to Be Set Up Before the Middle of the Year". Macau News. 3 April 2019. Archived from the original on 4 July 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  16. ^ Moura, Nelson (3 September 2020). "East LRT Line Connecting Gongbei Border to Taipa Plans Revealed". Macau Business. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  17. ^ Marques, Renato (4 September 2020). "LRT East Line to Go Underground with Cost Estimate of MOP2 Billion". Macau Daily Times. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  18. ^ Direcção dos Serviços de Solos, Obras Públicas e Transporte / Sociedade do Metro Ligeiro de Macau (3 September 2020). "Consultas públicas sobre o "Projecto do Plano Director da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau (2020 – 2040)" e o "Projecto da Linha Leste do Metro Ligeiro" entre 4 de Setembro e 2 de Novembro" [Public consultations on the "Macao Special Administrative Region Master Plan Project (2020 – 2040)" and the "Light Rail East Line Project" between 4 September and 2 November]. news.gov.mo (in Portuguese). Gabinete de Comunicação Social. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  19. ^ Tsang, Honey (19 March 2021). "Construction of LRT Hengqin Extension Commences". Macau Daily Times. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  20. ^ Gabinete para o Desenvolvimento de Infra-estruturas (18 March 2021). "Extensão da linha do metro ligeiro na Ilha de Hengqin – Início da obra" [Extension of the light rail line on Hengqin Island – Beginning of works]. news.gov.mo (in Portuguese). Gabinete de Comunicação Social. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  21. ^ "Macau authorities suspend services on MTR Corp's Taipa line for 180 days". South China Morning Post. 15 October 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  22. ^ "LRT Barra Station Opens On 8 December And A New Fare Zone Add". MTR (Macau). 27 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  23. ^ a b Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation (8 December 2023). "LRT Taipa Line train service officially extends to the Barra Station". Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  24. ^ "LRT Union Hospital Station opens firstly on 1 Sep to facilitate public access to the Union Hospital". MLRT. 28 August 2024. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
  25. ^ "Overview of Seac Pai Van Line". Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation.
  26. ^ Tsang, Honey (19 March 2021). "Construction of LRT Hengqin Extension Commences". Macau Daily Times.
  27. ^ "Overview of East Line". Macao Light Rapid Transit Corporation.
  28. ^ a b Leung, Natalie (31 December 2010). "Mitsubishi Wins LRT Tender". Macau Daily Times. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013.
  29. ^ Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (3 March 2011). "MHI Receives Order for Macau Light Rapid Transit (MLRT) Phase 1" (Press release). Mitsubishi Press Information. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  30. ^ "The 1:1 Scale Mockup of LRT Has Arrived". Transportation Infrastructure Office (Gabinete para as Infra-estruturas de Transportes). Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
  31. ^ a b "三菱重工 | マカオ政府から軌道系交通システム（LRT）一式を受注". 三菱重工 (in Japanese). 3 March 2011. Archived from the original on 20 July 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  32. ^ "輕軌「撻訂」賠3.6億 羅司：解除合同因考慮成本效益" [Light Rail Contract Broken, Will be Compensation of 360 Million Patacas: Termination of Contract Due to Cost-Effectiveness]. 力報 (in Chinese). 8 May 2018. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
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