Wikipedia

Mike O'Brien (British politician)

For other people named Mike O'Brien, see Mike O'Brien (disambiguation).

Michael O'Brien KC (born 19 June 1954) is a British lawyer and former Labour Party politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for North Warwickshire from 1992 to 2010, serving in a number of ministerial posts.

The Right Honourable
Mike O'Brien
KC
O'Brien as a government minister
Minister of State for Health Services
In office
8 June 2009 – 11 May 2010
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byBen Bradshaw
Succeeded bySimon Burns
Minister of State for Energy and Climate Change[1]
In office
5 October 2008 – 8 June 2009
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byMalcolm Wicks
Succeeded byJoan Ruddock
In office
10 September 2004 – 11 May 2005
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byMalcolm Wicks
Minister of State for Pensions
In office
27 June 2007 – 5 October 2008
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byJames Purnell
Succeeded byRosie Winterton
Solicitor General for England and Wales
In office
11 May 2005 – 27 June 2007
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byHarriet Harman
Succeeded byVera Baird
Minister of State for Trade
In office
13 June 2003 – 10 September 2004
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byElizabeth Symons
Succeeded byDouglas Alexander
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office
29 May 2002 – 13 June 2003
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byBen Bradshaw
Succeeded byChris Mullin
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Immigration
In office
2 May 1997 – 8 June 2001
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byThe Baroness Blatch
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Member of Parliament
for North Warwickshire
In office
9 April 1992 – 12 April 2010
Preceded byFrancis Maude
Succeeded byDan Byles
Personal details
Born (1954-06-19) 19 June 1954 (age 70)
Worcester, England
Political partyLabour
SpouseAlison Joy Munro
Alma materNorth Staffordshire Polytechnic
WebsiteOfficial site

Early life

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Mike O'Brien attended state schools, a Roman Catholic primary school, St George's[2] and then later Blessed Edward Oldcorne School in Worcester. He studied for a BA in History and Politics at North Staffordshire Polytechnic, then gained a PGCE. From 1977 to 1980, he was a trainee solicitor, then trained as a teacher from 1980 to 1981. He lectured on business law at Colchester College of Further and Higher Education from 1981 to 1987. From 1987 to 1992, he practised as a solicitor specialising in criminal law, including cases of murder and City fraud, and acted for a major defendant in the Knightsbridge Security Deposit robbery.[3] He became a Queen's Counsel in 2007.[4] He now practises as a barrister at No5 Chambers in Birmingham.[5]

Parliamentary career

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O'Brien contested Ruislip Northwood in 1983, and North Warwickshire in 1987. He was elected as the Member of Parliament for the West Midlands constituency of North Warwickshire at the 1992 general election, defeating the Conservative incumbent Francis Maude.

He served on the Home Affairs Select Committee from November 1992 to May 1993 focusing on reports on Youth Justice and the defence of provocation in murder cases involving a spouse.

He was a member of the Home Affairs Select Committee which opened up scrutiny of the intelligence services by Parliament.[6] This led to the first meeting of MPs and the head of MI5, then Stella Remington, and this later led to wider parliamentary scrutiny of the intelligence services.[7]

The Home Affairs Committee also did a report on Domestic Violence, which focused on the extent of the problem. One of the strongest recommendations of the report was: "The first priority for government action on domestic violence should be the establishment of a central, co-ordinated policy for refuge provision throughout the country. We believe that this could well be the single greatest cost-saving measure that could be taken". This led to an expansion in the number of refuges in the following decade.[8] The report also focused on the effect of immigration law on victims of domestic violence and has been credited with supporting a feminist perspective on domestic violence. Influenced by evidence from Southall Black Sisters the report also raised awareness of the problems of domestic servants who faced deportation if they complained about being abused and this later led to changes in the immigration rules when Mike O'Brien became Immigration Minister.[9]

Mike O'Brien introduced a Private Members Bill on 21 April 1993, the Criminal Justice Amendment (No.2) Bill, to allow previous convictions to be taken into account when sentencing a convicted person. This sought to amend the Criminal Justice Act 1991. The Government then accepted the principle and later amended the law.[10]

In May 1993 he became the first Labour Parliamentary Adviser to the Police Federation of England and Wales in 20 years.[11] He opposed cuts in Police Funding, criticising the then Home Secretary Michael Howard saying, "I am appalled at how badly the Home Secretary …has handicapped the police and the fight against crime".[12][13]

O'Brien subsequently transferred to the Treasury Select Committee where he worked on a report into the collapse of Barings Bank and other reports on City Fraud and Independence of the Bank of England[14]

He clashed with Sir Robin Butler when the Treasury Select Committee investigated the impartiality of the civil service. He criticised the cabinet secretary for allowing himself to be used to investigate whether a Minister Secretary Jonathan Aitken had stayed at a Paris Hotel. "Sir Robin was, at best, ill qualified to undertake any such investigation, as he did not in any previous incarnation have experience of being a policeman, a private investigator or a barrister trained in interrogation. He had none of the qualifications for playing the detective… Sir Robin Butler should not allow himself to be dragged into the gutter of partisan politics, nor should any civil servant. Some members of the Select Committee fear that impartiality has been undermined, and that should never happen again."[15]

Mike O'Brien raised concerns in Parliament after the Matrix Churchill manufacturing plant in Coventry closed, calling on the government to "ensure that those workers and their families are compensated for the loss of their livelihood".[16]

As a member of Treasury Select Committee, he called for the director of the Serious Fraud Office "to go" and for an inquiry into the case of Roger Levitt.[17]

In the May 2010 general election, O'Brien lost his North Warwickshire constituency to Dan Byles, the Conservative Party candidate by 54 votes.

Minister of State for Immigration

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Mike O'Brien served as Parliamentary Under Secretary Minister of State for Immigration in the Home Office from 1997 till May 1999. Mike O'Brien, said that the last Conservative government left the immigration system in "a complete shambles" and it could take two years or more to process an application for asylum [18] and "we need to speed up the system. The deportation system is manifestly slow and cumbersome and produces inequity."[19]

O'Brien described to a colleague the chaos he discovered in the department on being appointed as Immigration Minister: "Once, on a visit to IND, he opened a cupboard and found it full of unanswered mail, having just been assured there were no more outstanding letters. A hapless junior official was summoned. His explanation? 'We put them there so that the Minister wouldn't see them'".[20]

In October 1997, after consulting with lawyers from Stonewall, Mike O'Brien announced a change in UK immigration law allowing citizens to sponsor unmarried partners in 1997, including same-sex couples in this group. "Under this concession, a couple must show that they have been living together for four years or more and intend to continue to live together permanently. Once admitted they will have to show that the relationship has subsisted for a further year before being granted settlement". In 1999, again consulting with Stonewall, he announced this was improved by reducing the required length of relationship to two years. This was the first step taken by the New Labour government toward equality for the LGBTQ community.[21][22]

As a Home Office Minister responsible for race relations, Mike O'Brien worked with Jack Straw to set up the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry, meeting with the Lawrence family and their lawyers. He later endorsed the Macpherson Report in a book called "Institutional Racism and the Police: Fact or Fiction?" saying that, "The Report is about securing the commitment of all of us to tackling racism, whether open or unwitting throughout our society, not just in the police force.... The important thing for all of us is that Britain is a multiracial society. We have a choice whether to succeed as one or not. Racism in all its guises endangers and undermines the future success of our society; that is why to be racist in today's multi-racial Britain is to be 'un-British'."[23]

Since 1992, the trend for net migration to the UK had been rising and continued till 1999. In 1997, annual net immigration stood at 56,000 but by 2001 net immigration had risen to 191,500.[24]

In March 1998, Mike O'Brien told Parliament that in 1994, the previous administration had scrapped the "embarkation checks for passengers travelling from ferry ports and small ports to destinations within the European Union; so, for four years, 40 per cent. of departing passengers have not been seen by an immigration officer…We inherited an embarkation control which serves little purpose in the tracking down of immigration offenders" and therefore Mike O'Brien described the procedure of checking passports as "routine and unproductive" and said that "Enhanced technology, such as closed circuit television, combined with close liaison between the border agencies, port operators and airlines, will create a stronger deterrent than the current immigration departure checks."[25] The Immigration Service Union criticised the move, saying the changes made it harder to ensure that illegal immigrants ordered out of the country actually left.[26]

In May 1998, Mike O'Brien announced that inhabitants of the island of Montserrat, which had been hit by volcanic eruptions, were able to stay in Britain indefinitely.[27] O'Brien's time as Minister of State for Immigration saw him deal with the late 1990s administrative problems including delays in officials giving clearance to NHS doctors[28] and backlogs in processing applications for passports. The delays in issuing passports made national headlines[29] and resulted in the UK Passport Agency being stripped of its Charter Mark for customer service.[30]

Mike O'Brien also took through major reforms in the Immigration and Asylum Act, including introducing fines for hauliers found to have illegal migrants in their lorry, whether or not the haulier knew of their presence.[31]

Responding to a debate on forced marriage on 10 February 1999, Mike O'Brien told MPs that "…multicultural sensitivity is no excuse for official silence or moral blindness. We long ago abolished laws that treated women as chattels. We cannot shelter or tolerate bad practices under the guise of sensitivity."[32] He announced a national dialogue on how to deal with forced marriage which led to the forced marriage unit run jointly by the Foreign Office and the Home Office.[33]

Mike O'Brien developed the procedures for the creation of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (also known by the acronym SIAC) as a superior court of record in the United Kingdom established by the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997. SIAC deals with appeals from persons deported by the Home Secretary for reasons of national security or terrorism. It allows the security service to disclose confidential intelligence information to the court without disclosing its sources. Information and the source is disclosed to a special advocate who acts for the person but cannot disclose the source of information to either the person or their main lawyers. Speaking at the close of the committee stage of the bill, O'Brien said the law had, "been governed by the terms of the European Court of Human Rights judgment in the case of Chahal. It is about creating the right balance between the liberty of the individual and the safety of the state."[34]

Hinduja affair

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Whilst serving as Minister of State for Immigration, O'Brien had to deal with the 2001 Hinduja affair. His testimony that Peter Mandelson had telephoned him on behalf of S P Hinduja, who was at the time seeking British citizenship, led to Mandelson's resignation.[35] An independent enquiry by Sir Anthony Hammond came to the conclusion that Mike O'Brien had acted correctly and neither Mandelson nor anyone else had acted improperly.[25]

Minister for Constitutional Affairs

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On 10 May 1999, Mike O'Brien became the Minister for Constitutional Affairs, taking through the Commons the Freedom of Information Act, The Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, two Representation of the People Acts and introduced a White Paper on Alcohol Licensing Reform.[citation needed]

As the Minister responsible for Race Relations, he developed the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 which placed obligations on all public bodies to promote good race relations. He also worked to develop closer links between the Government and the Muslim community, something he continued to work on over the next decade, particularly after 9/11.[36]

He regularly spoke at Muslim community events and as the Minister for Race Relations in the Home Office he was responsible for building a dialogue between Muslim Groups and the Home Office. Later after becoming a Foreign office Minister and in the aftermath of 9/11, "the FCO, led by Mike O'Brien, try to strengthen its relationship with the British Muslim community" and this included sponsoring the British Haj delegation.[37]

At a ministerial meeting, O'Brien joined Chris Mullin in warning the Prime Minister that his education reforms were "hectoring" teachers.[38]

Mike O'Brien changed the rules so that cosmetics could not be tested on animals, but considered resigning after the Home Secretary refused to have an inquiry into animal rights complaints about Huntingdon Life Sciences.[39]

In July 2000, Mike O'Brien became a "have a go hero" after he intercepted an alleged shoplifter being chased by a security guard, by sticking his leg out to trip him up as he ran past. Although the man ran off after a scuffle, he had dropped his car keys when he fell and police traced and arrested him. Mike O'Brien had broken his leg, but despite this went straight on to conduct a television interview.[40] He was on crutches for six weeks. He said, "It is something anyone would have done…they caught the man… so I was able to have some small sense of satisfaction."[41]

On 21 December 2000 in the Deregulation (Sunday Dancing) Order 2000, Mike O'Brien ended the ban on any public dancing on a Sunday which had existed since the Sunday Observance Act 1780. He faced opposition to the move from the then Conservative MPs Theresa May and Philip Hammond.[42][43] Scrapping the ban, O'Brien said: "Our proposals will give freedom of choice for people as well as remove an unnecessary regulation on business. Be it line dancing, square dancing, ballroom or disco, it is plainly daft to have a ban on dancing because it is a Sunday."[42]

In 2001 when the Government proposed to introduce ID cards, O'Brien wrote a pamphlet for "Liberty" attacking ID cards saying, "Identity cards were abolished in the early fifties for good reasons. They were unreliable in proving identity and damaged the relationship between the public and the police. When it comes to fighting terrorism and serious crime, there are more effective things to spend our money on".[44]

Minister for the Middle East

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At the Foreign Office from 2002 to 2003 he was Minister for the Middle East. He went to Libya to hold the first meeting of a British Minister with Libyan leader Colonel Gaddafi which opened the way to better relations between Gaddafi's Libya and the West and helped lead to cooperation on ending controversial Libyan weapons research programmes.[45]

In the run up to the Iraq War, he addressed parliament stating the Government's position, saying: "The body of evidence that Saddam Hussein possesses a fearsome range of weapons of mass destruction is substantial. The evidence comes from the UN reports, from Dr Blix, from our own intelligence and indeed from Saddam Hussein himself, who last night, oddly, admitted that the Iraqis had found a biological bomb and wanted to show us. Let us be clear: Saddam Hussein has weapons of mass destruction and he is a threat to his people, his neighbours and ultimately the middle east and the wider world.[46] The UN Security Council is in no doubt about that. That is why its resolution 1441 gave Saddam Hussein a final opportunity to comply with a string of legally binding obligations imposed on him over the past 12 years. Nearly four months later, Saddam Hussein has not taken that final opportunity. I cannot put the matter more crisply than Dr. Blix. He has reported that Iraq "appears not to have come to a genuine acceptance . . . of the disarmament which was demanded of it". Before adding "If we have to undertake military action and American and British troops are committed and have to go into Baghdad, I suspect that the Iraqi people will be the first to cheer."[47]

Chris Mullin says that privately when Mullin asked for advice about what to say to Blair at an NEC meeting Mike O'Brien said, "Tell him not to make any more promises to George Bush. Somewhere along the line he's promised Bush that we will be there with him and now he can't back down because his integrity is at stake".[48]

In May 2003, Chris Mullin says Mike O'Brien intended to resign as a Foreign Office Minister over Iraq, "Because I don't believe what I am being asked to say about the existence of weapons of mass destruction. The Security Service is still saying they will be found, but I don't believe them." Mullin, who opposed the war, convinced him to "stay put" because it was unnecessary "self immolation" to resign.[49] Mike O'Brien was not criticised in the various reports into the Iraq war.

He was the first Western government minister into Baghdad after the Iraq War and worked on relationships with Iran, Syria and Afghanistan during this period.[citation needed]

O'Brien was sent by Tony Blair to meet President Assad in Damascus, to secure the release of two SAS soldiers picked up by Syrian security crossing the border, and was credited with the success.[50]

Mike O'Brien was the Foreign Office Minister charged with negotiating Britain's rapprochement with Libya in 2002 [51] which led to Libya admitting responsibility for Lockerbie and paying compensation for victims, ending financial support for terrorism and an extensive chemical and nuclear weapons programme. "…the Americans thought it was entirely pointless exercise. We took the view that it would produce beneficial results… it was a calculated risk… are MI6 people did a tremendous job and the foreign office deserves a lot of credit… The Americans were absolutely stunned by this."[52]

Concerned by the abuse of human rights by the military leadership in Myanmar/Burma, O'Brien successfully ran a campaign to get British American Tobacco to withdraw its investments.[53]

In December 2002, concerned by the human rights violations in Zimbabwe, O'Brien called upon the England Cricket Board to cancel the participation of the England team in the World Cup match in that country; but he rejected demands for compensation for the cost of cancellation. He said, "We cannot order the ECB not to go to Zimbabwe, but we have asked them not to go".[54] In February 2003, the England team confirmed it would not go to Zimbabwe.[55]

Minister of State for Trade and Industry

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He was then appointed Minister of State for Trade and Industry, dealing with talks with the WTO as part of the Doha Round and helping to write the 2004 Trade White Paper.

Minister of State for Energy and e-Commerce

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Following a reshuffle, O'Brien became Minister of State for Energy and e-Commerce at the Department of Trade and Industry on 9 September 2004.

Solicitor General for England and Wales

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Following the 2005 general election, O'Brien replaced Harriet Harman as Solicitor General for England and Wales. Mike O'Brien had worked closely with the UK Jewish community to set up the first Holocaust Memorial Day in January 2001 and later in June 2005 he was asked to lead the British delegation to the OSCE Cordoba Conference on Anti-Semitism. Speaking at the conference he recalled, "As Race Equality Minister I helped introduce national Holocaust Memorial Day each year which demonstrates our commitment to eternal vigilance against the rise of intolerance." and added that, "The British Government has also promoted an inclusive concept of citizenship. It allows people to be British but to be individuals and express their cultural identity. Our aim is integration, not assimilation. We welcome migrants and expect them to integrate, but on the basis of respect for their own identity."[56]

Minister of State for Pensions

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On 29 June 2007, O'Brien was appointed as Minister of State for Pension Reform in the Department for Work and Pensions under Secretary of State Peter Hain. Referring to the long running Pensions Action Group campaign and speaking on the BBC Radio 4 Moneybox programme on the day compensation was announced, pensions expert Ros Altmann, credited Peter Hain and O'Brien with "having been very different to deal with than their predecessors and ... willing and eager to engage and find a way to sort this out."[57] The Pensions Act 2008 completed its major stages whilst O' Brien was minister and received Royal assent in November 2008.[58]

Minister of State for Energy and Climate Change

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On 5 October 2008, O'Brien became Minister of State at the new Department of Energy and Climate Change. He took through Parliament two Energy Acts making reforms to take account of the Climate Change debate and to enable the building of new nuclear power stations.[59]

Minister of State for Health

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In June 2009, he became the Minister of State for Health. Through administrative reforms of the NHS in two Acts of Parliament he firmly rejected a study commissioned from consultancy firm McKinsey and Company by his ministerial predecessor, which had recommended 137,000 jobs would need to go to make NHS efficiency savings.[60]

Mike O'Brien introduced priority NHS treatment for former service personnel injured in the line of duty and negotiated a settlement of compensation for the victims of thalidomide. Harold Evans, the former editor of the Observer who had helped expose the thalidomide scandal, said Mike O'Brien was one of the "heroes for Justice" in the thalidomide story, adding, "On 14 January 2010 O'Brien made a dramatic announcement in Parliament. He apologised to the victims and their parents but he also committed the government to give £20m to the Thalidomide Trust."[61]

After Parliament

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O'Brien was re-selected as Labour's candidate in North Warwickshire for the 2015 general election in June 2013, but lost to the Conservative Party candidate Craig Tracey.[62][63]

In June 2019, O'Brien unsuccessfully sought nomination as the Labour candidate in the 2020 election for West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner. There were four candidates on the Labour shortlist: himself, former Lord Mayor and Deputy West Midlands Police and Crime Commissioner Yvonne Mosquito, a specialist housing and anti-social behaviour law solicitor Simon Foster, and a former assistant chief executive at Sandwell Council Melanie Dudley.[64] Foster was chosen as Labour candidate and went on to win the election, which was deferred to 2021 owing to the covid pandemic.[65]

References

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  1. ^ Energy and e-Commerce (2004–05)
  2. ^ "Home | St George's Catholic Primary School". St-georgescatholic.co.uk. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  3. ^ "No5 Chambers:Mike O'Brien:Crime" (PDF). No5.com. Retrieved 8 July 2013. [permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ "Mike O'Brien – Administrative & Public Law". No5.com. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  5. ^ "No5 Barristers Chambers". No5.com. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  6. ^ "House of Commons – Home Affairs – Third Report". publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  7. ^ "Westminster Six taste the secret life at MI5's table: Steve Boggan". The Independent. 19 January 1993. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  8. ^ "I want first to congratulate the...: 21 Jul 1993: House of Commons debates". TheyWorkForYou. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  9. ^ Home Truths About Domestic Violence: Feminist Influences on Policy and Practice – A Reader Jalna Hanmwer Catherine Itzin
  10. ^ "Criminal Justice (Amendment) (No. 2) (Hansard, 21 April 1993)". api.parliament.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  11. ^ "Labour MP to advise police". The Independent. 17 December 1993. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  12. ^ "Police warn Howard over job cuts: Fears of privatisation and 46,000". The Independent. 28 December 1993. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
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  14. ^ First Report, Barings Bank and International Regulation, HC (Session 1996–97) 65. TCSC 18 November 1996 HC 65
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  23. ^ "Institutional Racism and the Police: Fact or Fiction?" David G. Green (Editor) John G.D. Grieve & Julie French, Michael Ignatieff, Mike O'Brien, Robert Skidelsky. Institute for the Study of Civil Society London First published August 2000 © The Institute for the Study of Civil Society 2000 email: books@civil-society.org.uk Pages 25–26
  24. ^ "ONS Migration statistics". Office for National Statistic. March 2014.
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  26. ^ "Journey's end for passport checks". BBC News. March 2014.
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  28. ^ "Health Immigration delays 'cause NHS chaos'". BBC News. March 2014.
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  34. ^ "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 26 Nov 1997 (pt 37)". Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  35. ^ "SOUTH ASIA | Mandelson resigns over Hinduja affair". BBC News. 24 January 2001. Retrieved 3 October 2008.
  36. ^ "Engaging with Muslim Youth in Europe and North America" (PDF). Wiltonpark.org.uk. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  37. ^ Greene, Toby (2013). Blair, Labour, and Palestine: Conflicting Views on Middle East Peace After 9/11. Pg154 Bloomsbury 3PL.. ISBN 978-1441143723
  38. ^ Chris Mullin "A View from the Foothills" Profile Books Ltd 2009 Page 50
  39. ^ Chris Mullin "View from the Foothills" Profile Books Ltd 2009. Page 142
  40. ^ "UK | Hero minister breaks a leg". BBC News.
  41. ^ "'Have a go' minister nurses broken leg". The Guardian. 8 July 2000.
  42. ^ a b Hughes, Laura (1 September 2016). "Revealed: How Theresa May nearly scuppered Strictly Come Dancing's results show by voting to keep ban on dancing on Sundays". The Daily Telegraph.
  43. ^ "The Deregulation (Sunday Dancing) Order 2000". Legislation.gov.uk.
  44. ^ "Former Minister: ID cards don't work". Liberty Human Rights. 1 October 2001. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  45. ^ "Taming a tyrant". The Times.
  46. ^ Westminster, Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons. "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 26 Feb 2003 (pt 33)". Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 20 June 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  47. ^ Westminster, Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons. "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 26 Feb 2003 (pt 34)". Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 20 June 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  48. ^ Chris Mullin "View from the foothills." Profile Books Ltd 2009 Page 384
  49. ^ Chris Mullin "View from the foothills" Profile Books Ltd 2009. Page 408
  50. ^ Evans, Michael. "Two SBS survive ambush, desert trek and Syria jail". The Times.
  51. ^ Kawczynski Daniel "Seeking Gaddafi" dialogue books, 2010 ISBN 978-1-906447-05-2 p.35
  52. ^ Kawczynski Daniel "Seeking Gaddafi" dialogue books 2010 ISBN 978-1-906447-05-2 p170
  53. ^ Tran, Mark (6 November 2003). "Tobacco giant quits Burma". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  54. ^ Hurst, Greg; McGrory, Daniel (30 December 2002). "Cricket at war over Zimbabwe". The Times. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  55. ^ "England confirm Zimbabwe boycott". The Daily Telegraph. 10 February 2003. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  56. ^ "OSCE CORDOBA CONFERENCE ON ANTI-SEMITISM AND ON OTHER FORMS OF INTOLERANCE, 8–9 JUNE 2005". Osce.org. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  57. ^ "MONEY BOX transcript page 4" (PDF). BBC. 7 December 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2010.
  58. ^ "Pensions Act 2008". epolitics. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  59. ^ "Business told to make economic case for new nuclear reactors". Independent.co.uk. 5 December 2004. Archived from the original on 14 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  60. ^ "Government rejects NHS workforce cuts". Channel 4 News. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  61. ^ Evans, Harold (1 September 2012). "Still no shame for thalidomide cover-up". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
  62. ^ Merriman, Ryan (11 June 2013). "Mike O'Brien to take on Dan Byles". Nuneaton News. Archived from the original on 8 July 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  63. ^ "Warwickshire North parliamentary constituency – Election 2019". BBC News. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  64. ^ Haynes, Jane (20 June 2019). "Ex Brum mayor Yvonne Mosquito wants to be next police supremo for West Mids". Birminghammail.co.uk. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
  65. ^ Cardwell, Mark (8 May 2021). "Labour's Simon Foster declared new West Midlands PCC". Birminghammail.co.uk. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
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Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament
for North Warwickshire
1992–2010 		Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by Solicitor General for England and Wales
2005–2007 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Minister of State for Immigration
1997–2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of State for Trade and Industry
2001–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of State for Pensions
2007–2008 		Succeeded by
New post Minister of State for Energy
2008–2009 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Health Services
2009–2010 		Succeeded by
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