Mufti Mehmood (Urdu: مفتی محمود; 1919–1980) was a Pakistani statesman and Islamic scholar who was one of the founding members of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI); widely regarded as one of the greatest politicians in the history of Pakistan - known for his political acumen. He served as the first elected Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and later on as the Leader of the Opposition in National Assembly.[1][2][3] He led the opposition movement Pakistan National Alliance against Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, which eventually led to Bhutto's downfall. He was among the principal architects of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan.
Mehmood | |
|---|---|
Mahmud (left) pictured with President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman of Bangladesh | |
| 8th Chief Minister of the North-West Frontier Province | |
| In office 1 March 1972 – 15 February 1973 | |
| Governor | |
| Preceded by | Sardar Bahadur Khan |
| Succeeded by | Inayatullah Khan Gandapur |
| Ameer of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam | |
| In office 1968–1980 | |
| Preceded by | Maulana Abdullah Darkhawasti |
| Succeeded by |
|
| President of Wafaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan | |
| In office 15 May 1978 – 14 October 1980 | |
| Preceded by | Muhammad Yousuf Banuri |
| Succeeded by | Muhammad Idrees Mirti |
| Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan | |
| In office 26 March 1977 – 5 July 1977 | |
| Constituency | NA-18 (D.I. Khan) |
| In office 14 April 1972 – 10 January 1977 | |
| Constituency | NW-13 (D.I. Khan) |
| In office 8 June 1962 – 7 June 1965 | |
| Constituency | NW-6 (D.I. Khan-I) |
| Muhtamim of Jamia Qasim-ul-Uloom | |
| In office 1974–1980 | |
| Preceded by | Maulana Muhammad Shafi Multani |
| Succeeded by | Maulana Faiz Ahmed |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 January 1919 (6 Rabi Us Sani 1337) Kulachi, NWFP, British Raj |
| Died | 14 October 1980 (aged 61) Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan |
| Nationality |
|
| Political party | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam |
| Children | |
| Alma mater | Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad |
| Occupation |
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Early life and career
editBorn in January 1919, he was an ethnic Marwat Pashtun from Abdul Khel, Dera Ismail Khan District, colonial India (now Pakistan). His father was a pir or Sufi spiritual leader.[4] He received his religious education at Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad, UP and graduated from the Darul Uloom Deoband.[5] In 1941, he worked as a teacher in Isakhel, Mianwali.[2]
At the time of the Indian independence movement Mufti Mahmud opposed the partition of colonial India and opposed the creation of Pakistan. In 1971, on the separation of Bangladesh he said "Thank God, we are not involved in the sin of breaking Pakistan. ”[6][7][8]
In Pakistan
editHe served as a Muhtamim at Jamia Qasim-ul-Uloom in Multan and later in his career, he also held the positions of Chief Mudarras in charge of education, Chief Mufti, and Sheikh al-Hadith. He issued at least 25,000 Fatwas in his lifetime and his students included Maulana Abdullah Ghazi, Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi and Noor Muhammad.[9]
Mufti Mahmud was a critic of family planning programme of Ayub Khan's government. He participated in the elections for the National Assembly for the first time under Ayub Khan's 'Basic Democracy Program' and defeated all his opponents in 1962.[9] He also opposed the 'One Unit Scheme'.On 8 January 1968, in Dacca, then in East Pakistan, Mufti Mahmud was one of the key leaders of Jamhoori Majlis-e-Amal that opposed Ayub Khan's regime. In the 1970 general election, Mufti Mahmud had a landslide victory against Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in the Dera Ismail Khan constituency.[9]
After the 1970 general election in Pakistan, he became the president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam founded by Maulana Shabir Ahmed Usmani. His party went into a coalition with the National Awami Party for the 1970 Pakistani general election. In the 1970s, the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam received significant funding from Saudi Arabia.[10]
On 1 March 1972, he was elected as the chief minister of the province of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa during the Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto government in Pakistan.
During his tenure as chief minister, he instituted many reforms, such as prohibition against alcohol, making Urdu as the official language in government offices, ban on interest in financial transactions and declared Friday as the official holiday in his province.[9]
Mufti Mahmud played a vital role in Tehreek-e-Khatme Nabuwwat, a religious movement which has highlighted the beliefs of the followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Pakistan, in 1953 and again in 1974. He led a team of Islamic scholars which worked for the declaration of Ahmadis as non-Muslims in 1974.
He and his cabinet resigned in protest at the dismissal of the NAP–JUI coalition government in Balochistan on 14 February 1973.[9] He vowed to launch an anti-government movement, and first formed the UDF (United Democratic Front), and later on Pakistan National Alliance: the largest opposition movement in the history of Pakistan against Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. In 1977,the Pakistan National Alliance launched nationwide street agitation against the rigging of Bhutto in 1977 General Elections. The same year Bhutto was removed in a Coup d'etat by Zia ul Haq. [11]
Towards the end of his life, he continued his endeavours for democracy, and in 1980 had started negotiations with his arch-rival PPP, for a joint struggle against dictatorship.[11]
He supported the Afghan jihad against the USSR in 1979 (see also Soviet–Afghan War).
Death and legacy
editHe died on 14 October 1980, in Karachi, Sindh at the age of 61. He was buried in his hometown Abdul Khel, Paniala, Dera Ismail Khan District. His son Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman is a politician who leads the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) party in Pakistan.[12]
Bibliography
editBooks by him
edit- Tafsīr-i Maḥmūd, translation of and commentary on the Qur'an, in 3 volumes
- Fatāvʹa Muftī Maḥmūd, his fatwas, in 11 volumes
- Az̲ān-i saḥar: Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd ke inṭerviyuz aur taqārīr kā majmūʻah, collected speeches and interviews
- K̲h̲ut̤bāt-i Maḥmūd: majmūʻah-yi taqārīr-i mufakkir-i Islām, Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd, collection of his speeches
Books about him
edit- Savāniḥ-i ḥayāt: Muftī Maḥmūd, vazīr-i aʻlá-yi Sarḥad, janral sekraṭrī Jamʻiyat-i ʻUlamāʼ-yi Islām, Pākistān by Z̈iyāʼurraḥmān Fārūqī, 1972
- Muftī Maḥmūd kī siyāsat by Nūrulḥaq Quraishī, 1974
- Maulānā Mufti Mahmūd by Naʻim Āsī, 1977
- Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd ... kī siyāsī zindagī by Gul Nāyāb K̲h̲ān Citrālī, 2002
- Mufakkir-i Islām, qāʼid-i Islāmī inqilāb Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd ... ek darvesh siyāsatdān by Sayyid Anvar Qidvāʼī, 2003
- Savāniḥ qāʼid-i millat Ḥaẓrat Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd by ʻAbdulqayyūm Ḥaqqānī, 2003
- Muftī Maḥmūd kā daur-i ḥukūmat by Ashfāq Hāshmī, 2004
- Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd ke ḥairat angez vāqiʻāt by Momin K̲h̲ān ʻUs̲mānī, 2009
- Muftī-yi Aʻẓam Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd kī ʻilmī, dīnī aur siyāsī k̲h̲idmāt by ʻAbdulḥakīm Akbarī, 2010
- Afkār-i Maḥmūd : Shaik̲h̲ulhind Maulānā Maḥmūd Ḥasan va mufakkir-i Islām Maulānā Muftī Maḥmūd kī ḥayāt o k̲h̲idmāt kā ḥasīn tazkirah by Muḥammad Fārūq Quraishī, 2017
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "National Assembly of Pakistan". na.gov.pk. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Profile of Mufti Mahmud". Storyofpakistan.com website. 5 January 2009. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ https://kp.gov.pk/page/khyber_pakhtunkhwa_chief_minister_s_gallery.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Ullah, Haroon (2013). Vying for Allah's Vote: Understanding Islamic Parties, Political Violence, and Extremism in Pakistan. Georgetown University Press. p. 92.
- ^ Syed Mehboob Rizwi. History of The Dar al-Ulum Deoband (Volume 2) (PDF). Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Idara-e-Ehtemam, Dar al-Ulum Deoband. p. 124. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ^ Yasser Latif Hamdani (14 October 2019). "Don't trust Maulana Fazlur Rahman". Daily Times (newspaper). Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ Pirzada, Sayyid A. S.; Pirzada, Syed Sharifuddin (2000). The Politics of the Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Pakistan: 1971-1977. Oxford University Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-19-579302-4.
Mufti Mahmud, in his speech on the occasion, pointed out that "the JUI was against a division of the country". He said that since the party had opposed the partition of India (linking with the stance of ...
- ^ Raza, Atrooba (21 March 2020). "20 Muslim Leaders who opposed Pakistan Movement & Quaid-e-Azam" (in Urdu). Election Box. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e "Profile of Mufti Mahmud". Storyofpakistan.com website. 5 January 2009. Archived from the original on 26 June 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2023.
- ^ Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam: The Muslim Brotherhood, Ash'arism, and Political Sunnism. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 118. ISBN 9781137473578.
By the 1970s, the JUI, under the leadership of Mawlana Mufti Mahmud (d. 1980) was a chief recipient of the aforementioned Wahhabite-Athari support from the Gulf monarchies, chiefly Saudi Arabia.
- ^ a b "A JOURNEY TO DISILLUSIONMENT Sherbaz Khan Mazari". sanipanhwar.com. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ In defence of Taliban: Fazl's remarks spark furor in Afghanistan The Express Tribune (newspaper) published 17 November 2014, Retrieved 14 April 2023
Bibliography
edit- Haq, Abdul; Qadoos, Hafiz Abdul (2022). "Style and characteristics of Mufti Mehmood's tafseer "Tafseer e Mehmood". Rahat-ul-Quloob (in Urdu). 6 (2): 157–168. doi:10.51411/rahat.6.2.2022/426 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISSN 2521-2869.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - Manan, Qazi Abdul; Achakzai, Abdul Ali (2022). "The thinker of islam, Mulana Mufti Mahmood,s role in the movement for khatam-e Nabuwat". Rahat-ul-Quloob (in Urdu). 6 (1): 188–198. doi:10.51411/rahat.6.1.2022/403 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISSN 2521-2869.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)