Wikipedia

Pinkwashing (LGBTQ)

Not to be confused with Pinkwashing (breast cancer).

Pinkwashing, also known as rainbow-washing,[1] is the strategy of deploying messages that are superficially sympathetic towards the LGBTQ community for ends having little or nothing to do with LGBTQ equality or inclusion,[2] including LGBT marketing.[3]

Anarcho-queer collective Mashpritzot hold a die-in protest against Israeli pinkwashing and the perceived homo-normative priorities of the LGBTQ support centre in Tel Aviv

Origin of the term

edit

In April 2010, Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism (QUIT) in the Bay Area, used the phrase pinkwashing as a twist on greenwashing, a practice where companies claim to be eco-friendly in order to make profit. Dunya Alwan was at a talk with Ali Abunimah, editor of Electronic Intifada in 2010, when he said "We won't put up with Israel whitewashing or greenwashing" and she thought "or pinkwashing!"[4]

In 2011, Sarah Schulman used the term pinkwashing in a widely read The New York Times editorial arguing that Israel used the tactic in its public relations. Schulman saw pinkwashing as a manifestation of homonationalism,[5][6] the processes by which some powers selectively agree with the claims of sexual minorities and exploit them to justify racism, xenophobia (rejection of foreign people), and aporophobia (rejection of the poor);[7][8][9] in short, the intersection between gay identities and nationalist ideology.[10] Homonationalism shaped the concept of pinkwashing and the two terms are often used together as tools to explain the actions of countries. Jasbir Puar writes in a later article, Rethinking Homonationalism, that the two terms are not parallel but rather pinkwashing is able to exist because homonationalism exists.[11]

By 2020, "pinkwashing" had become a popular term used by anti-occupation groups to describe the Israeli authorities' attitude towards LGBTQ Palestinians. That same year, Al-Qaws published "Beyond Propaganda: Pinkwashing as Colonial Violence," a paper detailing how the Israeli state and its supporters use the language of gay and trans rights to divert international attention away from the oppression of Palestinians.[12]

By country or region

edit

Canada

edit

In 2012, Jason Kenney, Canada's Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, was accused of pinkwashing, after an email titled "LGBT Refugees from Iran" was sent to thousands of Canadians. The message contained additional recent comments by John Baird, Minister of Foreign Affairs, about Canada's stand against the persecution and marginalization of gays and lesbian women around the world. A group of activists claimed that it "is a poor attempt at 'pinkwashing' the Conservative government's obvious desire to encourage war with Iran".[13]

Europe

edit

A coalition organized by several popular grassroots movements in Europe, including the English Defence League (EDL), mounted counter-jihad demonstrations in conjunction with LGBT Pride Week celebrations in Helsinki and Stockholm in July and August 2012.[14][15] However, these movements inspired a counter demonstration by an LGBT rights group called "Queers against Pinkwashing", which claimed that the counter-jihad march against Muslims was a clear example of pinkwashing and projected a fake support image for sexual minorities.[15] In an interview for Radio Sweden, Lisa Bjurwald, a Swedish journalist and expert on European right-wing ideology, criticized the EDL for allying with the wrong people, as "Queers against Pinkwashing" are in fact against singling out Islam as if it were the source of all the relevant problems because such attempts do not benefit the LGBTQ community.[15]

Belgium

edit

The Flemish nationalist party Vlaams Belang and Filip Dewinter shifted their stance on gay issues in the 2010s and began using pro-gay rhetoric to criticize Muslims and immigrants. According to Eric Louis Russell, Dewinter exploits homophobic violence in a similar way that pornography commodifies women's bodies; he argues "that this type of commodification of potential or real violence directed toward members of a society for political ends is a real, albeit subjacent and deeply insidious form of homophobia".[16]

France

edit

Marine Le Pen, president of the French far-right political party National Front, was gaining support from LGBT communities in the presidential election, despite the fact that Jean-Marie Le Pen, her father and the founder of the party, once condemned homosexuality as "a biological and social anomaly".[17] After the Orlando nightclub shooting, Marine Le Pen declared "how much homosexuality is attacked in countries that live under the Islamist jackboot".[17] Facing these threats and receiving "sympathy" from Le Pen, some LGBT voters started to advocate for the far-right party, with one supporter stating that "they'll be the first victims of these barbarians, and only Marine is proposing radical solutions".[17]

Ireland

edit

According to Professor of Gender and Women's Studies Eithne Luibhéid, Ireland used its 2015 same-sex marriage referendum "to pinkwash its migration regimes, thereby naturalizing harsh policies that reproduce gendered, sexual, racial, economic, and geopolitical inequalities".[18]

Israel

edit
 
A participant in the 2024 EuroPride in Thessaloniki holding a picket that reads "NO PRIDE IN GENOCIDE".

The Israeli government's marketing strategy includes "Israel Beyond the Conflict", an attempt to promote aspects of Israeli life outside the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. According to Israeli gay rights activist Hagai El-Ad, "In no other arena has that been used in a more cynical way than in the context of LGBT rights."[19] According to Palestinian anthropologist Sa'ed Atshan,

[Israeli] pinkwashing relies on a logic based on four pillars:

  1. naming queer Israeli agency and eliding Israeli homophobia;
  2. naming Palestinian homophobia and eliding queer Palestinian agency;
  3. juxtaposing these contrasting queer experiences in Israeli and Palestinian societies as a civilizational discourse aimed at highlighting the superior humanity of the former and the subhumanity of the latter, who deserve to be dominated; and
  4. representing Israel as a gay haven for Israelis, Palestinians, and internationals in order to attract tourism and other forms of solidarity and support.[20]

Opponents of the term pinkwashing in relation to Israel argue that Israeli society has seen meaningful progress on LGBT rights that are better than those in neighbouring countries.[21] Others highlight the phenomenon of some gay Palestinians who live illegally in Israel;[22] Israel has historically been against granting asylum to such individuals,[23] but has changed this in recent years, with legal protections being established for LGBT+ Palestinians fleeing violence.[24][25] Pro-Israel writers also argue that the term is not always applied to other countries that use similar strategies.[26] Ido Aharoni, former head of the Brand Israel project, responded to such criticism, saying: "We are not trying to hide the conflict, but broaden the conversation."[27] Yair Qedar, a gay Israeli filmmaker and civil rights activist, has said that Israel has a praiseworthy LGBT+ rights record, and that failing to defend it "ultimately serves homophobia far more than dialogue and peace". He criticized Israeli LGBT+ groups for failing to oppose pinkwashing charges.[27] Shaul Ganon of the Israeli-based LGBT+ rights group Aguda, assessed the dispute this way: "Each side is trying to gain some points. The truth is the only one who gets screwed by this is the Palestinian gays."[28] According to Atshan, "the critiques leveled against [anti-pinkwashing activists] are often not well founded or ethically deployed. It is particularly disconcerting when supporters of Israel instead cast Israeli state sources of victimization as saviors of queer Palestinians."[29] He also argues that anti-pinkwashing can go too far when activists prioritize the struggle against Israeli occupation and only bring up LGBT issues in order to criticize Israel.[30]

After the 2011 Gaza Freedom Flotilla, an Israeli actor created a hoax video in which he pretended to have been turned away from the flotilla because he was gay. The video was promoted by the Israeli prime minister's office.[31]

Joseph Massad, associate professor of modern Arab politics and intellectual history at Columbia University, has written that the Israeli government "insist[s] on advertising and exaggerating its recent record on LGBT rights ... to fend off international condemnation of its violations of the rights of the Palestinian people".[27] Culture studies academic Nada Elia calls pinkwashing "the twenty-first century manifestation of the Zionist colonialist narrative of bringing civilisation to an otherwise backwards land".[32]

During the Israel–Hamas war, queer Palestinians argued that Pride and the Pride flag had been co-opted by pro-Israeli group to justify and celebrate much of the resulting Gaza humanitarian crisis.[33] Many queer pro-Palestinian activists advocated against the war, disrupting some Pride parades during 2024.[34]

Corporate marketing

edit
Further information: LGBT marketing

Pinkwashing in the United States, according to author Stephan Dahl from the University of Hull, is centered around pride merchandise created and sold by companies that do nothing for queer people.[35] This encourages a "big business-small community" relationship and seems beneficial when in reality there is nothing changing legally for queer people through this practice.[35]

A campaign to develop public support for the Keystone Pipeline, which would transport Canadian oil through the United States, has been accused of pinkwashing for its argument that the project deserves support based on a comparison of Canada's record on LGBT rights compared to that of other oil-producing nations.[36]

In Australia, concern has been raised about the commodification of gay rights by major corporations.[37]

LGBTQ Nation states that "many brands that engage in pinkwashing are guilty of using the LGBTQ community to boost their PR and incur capital from 'pink money', all while maintaining unjust labor practices, discriminatory hiring processes, and supporting anti-LGBTQ organizations".[38]

Intersex movement

edit
Main article: Intersex and LGBT

In June 2016, Organisation Intersex International Australia pointed to contradictory statements by Australian governments, suggesting that the dignity and rights of LGBT and intersex people are recognized while, at the same time, harmful practices on intersex children continue.[39]

In August 2016, Zwischengeschlecht described actions to promote equality or civil status legislation without action on banning "intersex genital mutilations" as a form of pinkwashing.[40] The organization has previously highlighted evasive government statements to UN Treaty Bodies that conflate intersex, transgender and LGBT issues, instead of addressing harmful practices on infants.[41]

Anti-pinkwashing

edit

Anti-pinkwashing or pinkwatching is the opposition to pinkwashing. Lynn Darwich and Hannen Maikay, in their article "The Road from Antipinkwashing Activism to the Decolonization of Palestine", allege that accusations of pinkwashing against Israel have led to an intersection of queer rights movements and Palestinian rights movements in Palestine and other countries, despite ongoing discrimination and abuse of LGBT individuals within Palestinian controlled territories. This is a strategy that has allowed the two activist groups to fight for one cause; however, it also places limits on both movements. Darwich and Maikay suggest that the anti-pinkwashing movement has to consider not only pinkwashing but also homonationalism, colonialism, and imperialism.[42] The Palestinian queer movement rejects pinkwashing.[43][44]

According to Cyril Ghosh, the argument against pinkwashing portraying Western countries as bastions of LGBT freedom while demonizing countries that lack LGBT rights protection has merit, but can fall into "Radical Theory Creep" when multiple strands of critique are combined in a way that lacks analytic rigor.[45]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Rodríguez, Ashley (June 15, 2022). "What is Rainbow Washing? And Why You Should Prevent It During Pride Month". rockcontent.com. Archived from the original on June 22, 2023. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  2. ^ Russell 2019, p. 182.
  3. ^ "Profit From Pride – Pinkwashing as Part of Modern Marketing". pressrelations Blog. August 27, 2020. Archived from the original on July 7, 2022. Retrieved May 12, 2022.
  4. ^ Ellison, Joy (2013). Recycled rhetoric: brand Israel 'pinkwashing' in historical context (MA thesis). DePaul University. p. 8. Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
  5. ^ Tziallas, Evangelos (2015). "The new 'Porn Wars': representing gay male sexuality in the Middle East". Psychology & Sexuality. 6 (1): 93–110. doi:10.1080/19419899.2014.983741. S2CID 145381763.
  6. ^ Ritchie, Jason (2015). "Pinkwashing, Homonationalism, and Israel-Palestine: The Conceits of Queer Theory and the Politics of the Ordinary: Pinkwashing, Homonationalism, and Israel-Palestine". Antipode. 47 (3): 616–634. doi:10.1111/anti.12100.
  7. ^ Puar, Jasbir K. (2007). Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times. Duke University Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8223-4094-2. Archived from the original on December 4, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  8. ^ Homonationalism, Heteronationalism and LGBTI Rights in the EU. Archived July 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine Public Seminar. 31 August 2016.
  9. ^ Puar, Jasbir; Mikdashi, Maya (August 9, 2012). "Pinkwatching And Pinkwashing: Interpenetration and its Discontents". Jadaliyya - جدلية. Archived from the original on June 22, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  10. ^ Nichols, James Michael (October 5, 2016). "Understanding Homonationalism: Why Are There Gay People Supporting Trump?". HuffPost. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  11. ^ Puar, Jasbir (2013). "Rethinking Homonationalism". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 45 (2): 336–339. doi:10.1017/S002074381300007X. ISSN 0020-7438. JSTOR 43302999. S2CID 232253207. Archived from the original on June 4, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  12. ^ alQaws (October 18, 2020). "This analysis paper explores a paradigm shift that alQaws has been exploring over the past decade of its grassroots community organizing, which centers the experiences of queer Palestinians".
  13. ^ "Critics accuse Kenney of 'pinkwashing' in targeted emails". CTVNews. September 25, 2012. Archived from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  14. ^ Deland, Mats; Minkenberg, Michael; Mays, Christin, eds. (2014). In the Tracks of Breivik: Far Right Networks in Northern and Eastern Europe. LIT Verlag. p. 12.
  15. ^ a b c "Queers against Pinkwashing reject Counter Jihad". Radio Sweden. August 3, 2012. Archived from the original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
  16. ^ Russell 2019, pp. 182, 256.
  17. ^ a b c "'Pinkwashing' populism: Gay voters embrace French far-right". APNews.com. April 7, 2017. Archived from the original on January 27, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  18. ^ Luibhéid 2018, p. 405.
  19. ^ Atshan 2020, p. 80.
  20. ^ Atshan 2020, p. 72.
  21. ^ Atshan 2020, p. 92.
  22. ^ Atshan 2020, pp. 99–100.
  23. ^ Atshan 2020, pp. 101–102.
  24. ^ "Israel to Give Work Permits to LGBT Palestinians Granted Asylum Reversal". Haaretz. June 20, 2022. Archived from the original on June 23, 2022. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  25. ^ "Israeli Foreign Ministry Boasted LGBTQ Palestinian Asylum Ruling; Interior Minister Seeks Reversal". Haaretz. February 7, 2024. Archived from the original on February 7, 2024. Retrieved February 12, 2024.
  26. ^ Atshan 2020, p. 95–97.
  27. ^ a b c Kaufman, David (May 13, 2011). "Is Israel Using Gay Rights to Excuse Its Policy on Palestine?". Time. Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  28. ^ Luongo, Michael (June 8, 2012). "Gay Palestinians caught in the middle of the conflict". Global Post. Archived from the original on January 23, 2015. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  29. ^ Atshan 2020, p. 105.
  30. ^ Atshan 2020, p. 110.
  31. ^ Atshan 2020, pp. 79–80.
  32. ^ Elia, Nada (2012). "Gay Rights with a Side of Apartheid". Settler Colonial Studies. 2 (2): 49–68. doi:10.1080/2201473X.2012.10648841. S2CID 154917783.
  33. ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma (June 16, 2024). "'No pride in occupation': queer Palestinians on 'pink-washing' in Gaza conflict". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  34. ^ "Israel-Hamas war protests have disrupted Pride marches across the U.S." NBC News. June 28, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  35. ^ a b Dahl, Stephan. "The rise of pride marketing and the curse of 'pink washing'". The Conversation. Archived from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved November 12, 2020.
  36. ^ Michaelson, Jay (December 28, 2014). "How Canadian Oilmen Pinkwash the Keystone Pipeline". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on December 29, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
  37. ^ Stark, Jill (June 7, 2015). ""Pink washing": marketing stunt or corporate revolution?". Archived from the original on October 28, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
  38. ^ "What is pinkwashing?". LGBTQ Nation. Archived from the original on June 26, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
  39. ^ "Submission: list of issues for Australia's Convention Against Torture review". Intersex Human Rights Australia. June 28, 2016. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  40. ^ seelenlos (August 28, 2016). "'Intersex legislation' that allows the daily mutilations to continue = PINKWASHING of IGM practices". Zwischengeschlecht. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
  41. ^ "TRANSCRIPTION > UK Questioned over Intersex Genital Mutilations by UN Committee on the Rights of the Child - Gov Non-Answer + Denial". Zwischengeschlecht. May 26, 2016. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
  42. ^ Darwich, Lynn; Maikey, Haneen (2014). "The Road from Antipinkwashing Activism to the Decolonization of Palestine". Women's Studies Quarterly. 42 (3/4): 281–285. ISSN 0732-1562. JSTOR 24365011. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  43. ^ Lahiri, Sukrita (2020). "Anti-Pinkwashing as Emerging Hope: Queering the Palestinian Liberation Movement in the Context of Institutionalised Neoliberalism". International Journal of Critical Diversity Studies. 3 (2). doi:10.13169/intecritdivestud.3.2.0053.
  44. ^ Alqaisiya, Walaa (2018). "Decolonial Queering: The Politics of Being Queer in Palestine" (PDF). Journal of Palestine Studies. 47 (3): 29–44. doi:10.1525/jps.2018.47.3.29. S2CID 158219919. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 28, 2022. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  45. ^ Ghosh 2018, p. 11.

Sources

edit
  • Atshan, Sa'ed (2020). "Global Solidarity and the Politics of Pinkwashing". Queer Palestine and the Empire of Critique. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-1-5036-1240-2.
  • Ghosh, Cyril (2018). "Radical Theory Creep". De-Moralizing Gay Rights: Some Queer Remarks on LGBT+ Rights Politics in the US. Springer International Publishing. pp. 11–41. ISBN 978-3-319-78840-1.
  • Hartal, Gilly (2020). "Touring and obscuring: how sensual, embodied and haptic gay touristic practices construct the geopolitics of pinkwashing". Social & Cultural Geography. 23 (6): 836–854. doi:10.1080/14649365.2020.1821391. S2CID 224897595.
  • Luibhéid, Eithne (2018). "Same-sex marriage and the pinkwashing of state migration controls". International Feminist Journal of Politics. 20 (3): 405–424. doi:10.1080/14616742.2018.1442735. S2CID 148824463.
  • Russell, Eric Louis (2019). "Filip Dewinter: Pinkwashing, Populism and Nativism". The Discursive Ecology of Homophobia. Multilingual Matters. ISBN 978-1-78892-346-0.
  • Wahab, Amar (2021). "Affective Mobilizations: Pinkwashing and Racialized Homophobia in Out There". Journal of Homosexuality. 68 (5): 849–871. doi:10.1080/00918369.2019.1667158. PMID 31532347. S2CID 202675700.

Further reading

edit
 
Look up pinkwashing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinkwashing_(LGBTQ)&oldid=1250982739"