Scottish Citylink[1] is a long-distance express coach operator in Scotland and Ireland (where it operates as Irish Citylink) and formerly England (where it operated as Stansted Citylink). The company was formed as a subsidiary of Scottish Transport Group in March 1985. It is operated as a 63/37 joint venture between ComfortDelGro and Stagecoach.
| Parent | ComfortDelGro (62.5%) Stagecoach Group (37.5%) |
|---|---|
| Founded | March 1985 |
| Headquarters | Glasgow, Scotland, UK |
| Service area | Scotland |
| Service type | Long-distance coach services |
| Routes | 25 (3 Seasonal) |
| Hubs | Aberdeen Edinburgh Glasgow Stirling Inverness Perth Dundee |
| Operator | Park's of Hamilton Shiel Buses McLeans Coaches Stagecoach East Stagecoach Highlands Stagecoach West Ulsterbus West Coast Motors |
| Website | www |
Operation
editScottish Citylink operates an extensive network of long-distance express services within Scotland, operating 19 routes linking the cities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Dundee, Stirling and Inverness, as well as linking some rural Highland communities to the main urban areas of Scotland.[2] Services also operate to Northern Ireland, with a connection via the ferry link between Cairnryan and Belfast, and there are seasonal workings to Blackpool. In all, over 200 destinations are served by Scottish Citylink within Scotland, using about 90 coaches provided by operators local to the 'destination' area, carrying over three million passengers annually.
Despite the extent of Citylink's operations in Scotland, there are notable geographical regions, including large urban areas, that have poor or no connections with the network. These tend to be areas served by subsidiaries of Stagecoach, which operate their own comprehensive network, to destinations such as Ayrshire (Kilmarnock, Ayr and Irvine), Fife (Kirkcaldy, Dunfermline and St Andrews), Aberdeenshire and Moray. A notable exception is the Scottish Borders, which is covered by West Coast Motors, though they have no regular express service.
Citylink also operates in the Republic of Ireland, operating between Dublin, Galway City, Clifden, Cork and Shannon.
History
editScottish Citylink Coaches was formed in 1985 during the reorganisation of the Scottish Bus Group to co-ordinate and manage the long-distance express services operated by the other SBG subsidiaries, particularly the Western Scottish and Eastern Scottish services from Glasgow and Edinburgh to London and the south.
By combining the SBG express network, Citylink became the largest operator of long-distance express services within Scotland, and from Scotland to England and Wales. With the main hubs in Glasgow and Edinburgh, many services to the Highlands and Islands were in some cases vital to rural areas as the only public transport link available.
One vehicle was owned to satisfy licensing conditions, but this was operated as part of the Western Scottish fleet. Citylink itself did not operate any vehicles, but a uniform two-tone blue and yellow livery was introduced for coaches operating Citylink services, with the subsidiary's corporate fleetname displayed on the front and rear of the vehicle. Previously, only cross-border services had adopted some form of corporate look in the late 1970s, with vehicles wearing a simple but striking blue-and-white livery with bold Scottish fleetnames in the SBG corporate logo style.
Subsidiary companies operated Citylink vehicles on express services originating from their operating area, and where long-distance services spanned one or two operating areas, the routes were shared between the companies. The level of involvement of the subsidiary firms in providing Citylink work varied with size and geography. Central Scottish, Strathtay Scottish, Kelvin Scottish and Clydeside Scottish were the smaller contributors as no major city or destination lay within their main operating regions. Indeed, Clydeside marketed its own express services within its area as Clydeside Quicksilver with its own distinct brand.
As the Scottish Bus Group prepared for privatisation, Citylink franchises were no longer exclusive to the SBG subsidiaries. Private companies such as Rapsons Coaches of Inverness, Henry Crawford Coaches of Neilston, West Coast Motors of Campbeltown, Skye-Ways and Park's of Hamilton were awarded Citylink contracts and provided vehicles of their own for this work. Also seen using a Citylink livery but with the distinctive Ulsterman lettering, Ulsterbus provided coaches for services between Derry or Belfast to Birmingham and London via towns in Dumfries and Galloway. This route was also operated by Dodds of Troon and Western Scottish.
Citylink itself was privatised in August 1990, operating under the Clansman Travel & Leisure holding company after being purchased by its management and employees in a management buyout.[3] As the Scottish Bus Group broke up, the number of private operators working Citylink contracts increased. Park's, West Coast Motors and Rapsons were now major contributors, while the former SBG companies now owned by Stagecoach (Fife Scottish, Western Scottish, Bluebird Buses) began operating their own Stagecoach Express network.
In 1993 Scottish Citylink was sold to National Express.[4] At that time, cross border services to England were replaced by National Express services, leaving Citylink with Scottish domestic services, and co-ordinated timetabling and ticketing was introduced between the two operators. During this period, Citylink took a stake in West Coast Motors, purchased Skye-Ways Coaches and also Highland Country Buses, which was an offshoot of Highland Scottish.[5]
With the privatisation of British Rail, in 1997 National Express won the ScotRail franchise. The Mergers & Monopolies Commission ruled this would give National Express a monopoly on long-distance services in Scotland and ordered the sale of Scottish Citylink.[4][6] Scottish Citylink was subsequently sold to Metroline, the London-based subsidiary of ComfortDelGro, for £10.3 million in August 1998.[7][8]
In 2002, the company began trading in the Republic of Ireland, acquiring Cummer Commercials, which operated on the Dublin to Galway route (and also traded as CityLink Express). The route has since been rebranded to the yellow-blue Citylink livery (although without the "Scottish" prefix) and has expanded to provide services from Galway to Shannon.
Ownership of Scottish Citylink was transferred from Metroline plc to Bradell plc, another subsidiary of ComfortDelGro, on 31 December 2004.[9] Following Stagecoach's launch of Megabus and acquisition of the Motorvator brand in 2003 and 2004 respectively, Stagecoach and CostaDelGro agreed for Scottish Citylink to become a joint venture on 12 September 2005. In return for 35% of the company, Stagecoach transferred rights to operate select Megabus and Motorvator routes in Scotland to Scottish Citylink and sub-contracted as an operator, while ComfortDelGro maintained a majority 65% stake.[10][11]
Following Stagecoach's takeover by a DWS-managed investment fund, it agreed to sell its Megabus retail platform and customer service business as well as the Falcon South-West brand running between Plymouth and Bristol Airport to Scottish Citylink. In return, its shareholding increased to 37.5%, with ComfortDelGro decreasing theirs to 62.5%.[12] As part of an original plan to merge with rival intercity coach operator National Express, Stagecoach had agreed to sell its shareholding to ComfortDelGro to satisfy Competition & Markets Authority demands, however this deal fell through.[13][14]
Present
editThe company's current head office is at Buchanan bus station in Glasgow, where many of its services start and terminate. Citylink itself does not operate or own buses in its own right, although one owned and operated by Stagecoach West Scotland carries CityLink accreditation to satisfy licensing conditions.[15] The two-tone blue and yellow colour scheme is still used, though its application and style have changed over the years.
From 2004, the operating companies faced heavy competition from Megabus and Motorvator, both subsidiaries of Stagecoach. In September 2005 ComfortDelGro and Stagecoach agreed to a joint venture to provide express coach services in Scotland, ending the competition between the two operators. Under the terms of the agreement, Stagecoach gained a 35% shareholding in Scottish Citylink and in return granted certain rights to the Megabus and Motorvator brands in Scotland.
Despite being a minority shareholder, Stagecoach appeared to have assumed operational control. Stagecoach staff replaced much of the former Citylink management, while Stagecoach's Scottish subsidiaries began operating many of the routes formerly operated by subcontractors displaced from Citylink work. Citylink service numbers, timetables and routes were also sacrificed in favour of Megabus where the two brands overlapped.
In March 2006 the Competition Commission launched an investigation and ruled that the joint venture substantially reduced competition and that evidence suggested it led to higher fares on some routes.[16] Stagecoach immediately criticised the ruling, stating that a period of further consultation would cause uncertainty among passengers and leave vital services in limbo, while jeopardising Scotland's intercity coach network and its ability to compete with both train and car[17] Criticism of the Competition Commission's draft findings grew in Scotland and the joint venture received support from across the political spectrum in the Scottish Parliament[18] In early 2008, certain routes, which were at the time already contacted out to Park's, were divested to comply with the ruling.[19]
Today many of the services are operated by Stagecoach subsidiaries Stagecoach East Scotland, Stagecoach Highlands and Stagecoach West Scotland. Some services are operated by Edinburgh Coach Lines, Shiel Buses and West Coast Motors.[20][21][22]
In May 2023, West Coast Motors became the first operator on the Citylink network to operate mirrorless coaches. The company introduced six brand new DAF-powered Irizar i6s tri-axle coaches on routes to Fort William, Skye, and Campbeltown.[23]
In February 2024, Scottish Citylink launched its own app with built in coach tracker, both on Android Play store and also on the Apple app store, free to download.
Routes and Operators
editAs of April 2024, Scottish Citylink operates the following routes.
A variety of companies operate services on behalf of Scottish Citylink. The main operators are;
- Stagecoach
- Parks of Hamilton
- West Coast Motors
- Shiel Buses
- Edinburgh Coach Lines
- Ulsterbus
Some smaller private operators also operate duplicate and additional journeys, as well as standby rolls at major interchanges. These include Ratho Coaches, Simpsons of Rosehearty, Fishers Tours, Hairy Haggis Coaches of Bathgate, McLean's of Airdrie and D&E Coaches.
Citylink Gold
editIn 2010, Citylink launched the "Gold" brand for services between Glasgow and Aberdeen or Inverness.[24] The Citylink Gold brand is similar to the Stagecoach Gold brand used by Stagecoach bus subsidiaries, and offers a more luxurious service with leather seats, free wi-fi and extra services aboard. The service is also intended to provide quicker journeys than the regular bus routes which may service significant numbers of smaller towns and settlements along their routes, though may stop at those towns or settlements deemed to be important to serve.[25] With Citylink Gold, passengers are offered free tea, coffee, cold drinks and snacks on the coach. As of May 2019, Five return services per day in each direction on routes from Glasgow to Aberdeen and four return services from Glasgow to Inverness, additionally, three Edinburgh to Inverness return services and also four Edinburgh to Aberdeen return services, all now designated as Citylink Gold.[26] Fares have remained the same with Super Singles available on the routes as they were whilst under standard Citylink branding. The Citylink Gold services are as follows:[26]
- G9 Glasgow – Aberdeen
- G10 Glasgow – Aviemore – Inverness
- G90 Edinburgh – Perth – Pitlochry – Aviemore – Inverness
- G92 Edinburgh – Halbeath – Dundee – Aberdeen
The Gold service was withdrawn in March 2020 and replaced with the "6 Cities" brand in collaboration with Megabus.
Stansted Citylink
editOn 11 December 2015, a St Pancras railway station to Stansted Airport service commenced under the Stansted Citylink banner.[27][28] The service ceased operations nearly two years later on 28 October 2017.[29]
References
edit- ^ Company no SC91931 Companies House
- ^ Timetables Scottish Citylink
- ^ "Staying in-house". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 6 September 1990. p. 19. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ a b Competition Commission report 1996 page 31[usurped] Competition Commission
- ^ "Scottish consortium heads for Highland". Commercial Motor. Temple Press. 11 July 1991. p. 13. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ National Express to sell buses to keep trains Rail issue 322 14 January 1998 page 6
- ^ "Citylink takes road south to Metroline". The Herald. Glasgow. 25 August 1998. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ National Express told to sell Citylink local.gov.uk 29 May 1998
- ^ Full accounts made up to 31 December 2004, Scottish Citylink Coaches Limited. Companies House. 10 October 2005. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Completed joint venture between Stagecoach Bus Holdings Limited and Braddell plc in relation to Megabus.com, Motorvator and Scottish Citylink brands. Office of Fair Trading. 15 March 2006. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ "Our History | Citylink Scotland | Citylink". Scottish Citylink. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ "Stagecoach confirms future for its inter-city coach retail operations". Stagecoach Group. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Agreement reached for National Express to buy Stagecoach Route One 14 December 2021
- ^ Sale of Scottish Citylink stake and the retain and customer service activities of Megabus UK and Falcon Stagecoach Group 14 December 2021
- ^ "Thirty years on there is one token Citylink coach". Buses. No. 726. Stamford: Key Publiushing. September 2015. p. 27.
- ^ Competition Commission - Scottish Citylink report[usurped] Competition Commission 2006
- ^ Stagecoach Group reaction to Competition Commission announcement Stagecoach Group 23 October 2006
- ^ Competition Commission - Citylink responses draft[usurped] Competition Commission 2006
- ^ Citylink confirms partial divestment of intercity coach services Scottish Citylink 4 February 2008
- ^ Contract Services Bruce's Coaches
- ^ Volvo goes the extra mile for Shile Buses Archived 8 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine Transport News Brief 9 October 2014
- ^ Citylink and Westcoast Motors sign new deal Citylink 14 July 2008
- ^ Sinclair, Ashleigh (9 May 2023). "New Irizar and Mercedes-Benz coaches for Scottish Citylink routes". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
- ^ "Citylink Gold – More than a Journey". Scottish Citylink. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
- ^ "Citylink Gold – More than a Journey – About the Service". Scottish Citylink. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
- ^ a b "Citylink Gold – More than a Journey – times, tickets and prices". Scottish Citylink. Retrieved 18 July 2010.
- ^ "In Brief". Buses. No. 726. Stamford: Key Publishing. September 2015. p. 7.
- ^ "New direct bus service from Stansted Airport to central London". Cambridge News. 11 December 2015. Archived from the original on 17 December 2015.
- ^ "Stansted Citylink operation withdrawn". Coach & Bus Week. No. 1316. Peterborough. 7 November 2017. p. 11. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
External links
edit Media related to Scottish Citylink (bus company) at Wikimedia Commons