Transportation in Phoenix, Arizona is primarily via private cars. Public transport is run under the brand Valley Metro, and consists of buses, light rail, and a streetcar system.
Roads
editPhoenix auto traffic depends on both freeways and surface streets. Freeways fall under the auspices of the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT). Phoenix ranks first in the nation in the quality of its urban freeways, and the state as a whole ranks first in the nation in the quality of bridges.[1] While being the fifth most populous city in the nation, Phoenix's freeways do not suffer from the same type of congestion seen in other large cities. In fact, in a recent study, there is not a single stretch of freeway in Phoenix ranked in the 100 worst freeways for either congestion or unreliability.[2]
Part of the reason for this is the extensive freeway system in the city, due to most of that system being funded by local, rather than federal funds, through a half-cent general sales tax measure approved by voters in 1985.[3] Another offshoot of this local funding is that Phoenix is the largest city in the United States to have at least two Interstate Highways, but no three-digit interstates.[4]
As of 2005[update], the metropolitan area of Phoenix contains one of the nation's largest and fastest growing freeway systems, consisting of over 1,405 lane miles (2,261 lane km).[5] The freeway system is a mix of Interstate, U.S., and state highways which include Interstate 10, Interstate 17, US 60, Loop 101, Loop 202, SR 51, SR 143, and Loop 303. There are still major additions to routes 101, 202 and 303 underway, as well as several other smaller projects around the valley.[6] State Routes 87, 85, and 74 connect Phoenix with other areas of the Valley and Arizona.[7]
The street system in Phoenix (and some of its suburbs) is laid out in a grid system, with most roads oriented either north–south or east–west, and the zero point of the grid being the intersection of Central Avenue and Washington Street.[7] The one notable exception to this is the diagonal Grand Avenue, which runs northwest–southeast. The original plan was for the east–west streets to be named after U.S. Presidents, with the north–south streets named after Native Americans; but the north–south streets were quickly changed to numbers, with numbered Avenues running to the west of Central, and numbered Streets to its east.[8] Major arterial streets are spaced one mile (1.6 km) apart, divided into smaller blocks approximately every 1⁄8 mile (200 m). For example, Scottsdale Road, being the 7200 block east, lies nine miles (14 km) to the east of Central Avenue (72 / 8).[7]
Freeways and state highways in Phoenix:[7]
Air
editPhoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (IATA: PHX, ICAO: KPHX), one of the ten busiest airports in the United States, serves over 110,000 people on over 1000 flights per day.[9] Centrally located in the metro area near several major freeway interchanges east of downtown Phoenix, the airport serves more than 100 cities with non-stop flights.[10]
Air Canada, British Airways, Condor, Volaris, and WestJet are among several international carriers as well as American carrier American Airlines (which maintains a hub at the airport) that provide flights to destinations such as Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, and London.[11] In addition to American, other domestic carriers include Alaska Airlines, Delta, Frontier, Hawaiian, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit, Sun Country, and United.[12]
The Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport (IATA: AZA, ICAO: KIWA) in neighboring Mesa also serves the area's commercial air traffic. It was converted from Williams Air Force Base, which closed in 1993. The airport has recently received substantial commercial service with Allegiant Air opening a hub operation at the airport with non-stop service to over a dozen destinations.[13][14]
Smaller airports that primarily handle private and corporate jets include Phoenix Deer Valley Airport, in the Deer Valley district of north Phoenix, and Scottsdale Airport, just east of the Phoenix/Scottsdale border. There are also other municipal airports including Glendale Municipal Airport, Falcon Field Airport in Mesa, and Phoenix Goodyear Airport.
Rail
editIntercity
editAmtrak served Phoenix Union Station until 1996 when the Union Pacific Railroad (UP) proposed abandoning the route between Yuma, Arizona, and Phoenix.[15] Amtrak rerouted trains to Maricopa, 30 miles (48 km) south of downtown Phoenix, where passengers can board the Texas Eagle (Los Angeles-San Antonio-Chicago) and Sunset Limited (Los Angeles-New Orleans).[16][17] UP retained the trackage and the station remains. In 2021, Amtrak developed a plan to bring rail service back to Phoenix with connections to Tucson and Los Angeles.[18] This service is supported by the Bipartisan infrastructure bill and could take several years for service to be implemented. There have also been many proposals for Phoenix metro commuter rail.
Light Rail
editValley Metro's 29.8-mile (48.0 km) light rail project, called Valley Metro Rail, through north-central Phoenix, downtown, and eastward through Tempe and Mesa, opened December 27, 2008. Future rail segments of more than 30 miles (48 km) are planned to open by 2030.[19]
Intercity buses
editAmtrak Thruway buses connect Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport to Flagstaff for connection with the Los Angeles-Chicago Southwest Chief.[20]
Phoenix is served by intercity bus services run by Greyhound, which stops at 24th Street near the airport,[21] and Flixbus.
Cycling
editThe Maricopa Association of Governments has a bicycle advisory committee working to improve conditions for bicycling on city streets and off-road paths.[22]
References
edit- ^ Hartgen, David T.; Fields, M. Gregory; San José, Elizabeth (July 2013). 20th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems. Reason Foundation.
- ^ Eisele, Bill; Schrank, David; Lomax, Tim (November 2011). TTI's 2011 Congested Corridors Report. Texas A&M-Texas Transportation Institute.
- ^ "Maricopa County Sales Tax Referendum Case Study" (PDF). Build America Transportation Investment Center. September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
- ^ "Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
- ^ Artibise, Yuri; Gammage, Grady Jr.; Welch, Nancy (September 7, 2008). "Transformation into Big City has Benefits, Burdens". Arizona Republic. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ "Phoenix Metro Area Projects". ADOT. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Phoenix Streets and Freeways". discoverphoenix.com. Archived from the original on January 15, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ "History of Phoenix". City of Phoenix. Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
- ^ "Airport Facts". skyharbor.com. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
- ^ "Where We Fly". skyharbor.com. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
- ^ "International Destinations". Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
- ^ "Airlines". Sky Harbor Airport. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
- ^ Totten, Steven (December 7, 2016). "Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport continues to break passenger records". Phoenix Business Journal. Archived from the original on December 24, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
- ^ "Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport celebrates eight million Allegiant passengers since 2007". Queen Creek Independent. December 16, 2016. Archived from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
- ^ "Arizona Transit Association". Azta.org. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
- ^ "Amtrak's Texas Eagle | Maricopa, AZ". Texaseagle.com. Archived from the original on September 8, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
- ^ "Phoenix, AZ". TrainWeb.org. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ "Phoenix–Tucson". Amtrak Connects US.
- ^ "Current Valley Metro Projects". Valley Metro. Archived from the original on March 25, 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
- ^ "Amtrak's Southwest Chief". TrainWeb.org. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ "Phoenix Greyhound Station". Greyhound. Archived from the original on February 21, 2016. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
- ^ "Bicycle and Pedestrian Committee". Maricopa Association of Governments. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2017.