Unagi (ウナギ) is the Japanese word for freshwater eel, particularly the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica (日本鰻, nihon unagi).[1] Unagi is a common ingredient in Japanese cooking, often as kabayaki. It is not to be confused with saltwater eel, which is known as anago in Japanese.
Unaju, Japanese unagi cuisine | |
| Place of origin | Japan |
|---|---|
| Main ingredients | Eel |
In Japanese cuisine
editUnagi is served as part of unadon (sometimes spelled unagidon, especially in menus in Japanese restaurants in Western countries), a donburi dish with sliced eel served on a bed of rice. A kind of sweet biscuit called unagi pie made with powdered unagi also exists.[2] Unagi is high in protein, vitamin A, and calcium.[3]
Specialist unagi restaurants are common in Japan, and commonly have signs showing the word unagi with hiragana う (transliterated u), which is the first letter of the word unagi. Lake Hamana in Hamamatsu city, Shizuoka prefecture is considered to be the home of the highest quality unagi; as a result, the lake is surrounded by many small restaurants specializing in various unagi dishes. Unagi is often eaten during the hot summers in Japan. There is even a special day for eating unagi, the Midsummer Ox Day (doyo no ushi no hi).[4][5]
Unakyu is a common expression used for sushi containing eel and cucumber. As eel is poisonous[6] unless cooked,[7] eels are always cooked, and in Japanese food, are often served with tare sauce. Unagi that is roasted without tare and only seasoned with salt is known as "shirayaki."[8]
Sustainability
editSeafood Watch, a sustainable seafood advisory list, recommends that consumers avoid eating unagi due to significant pressures on worldwide freshwater eel populations. All three eel species used as unagi have seen their population sizes greatly reduced in the past half century. For example, catches of the European eel have declined about 80% since the 1960s. The Japanese Ministry of the Environment has officially added Japanese eel to the “endangered” category of the country's Red List of animals ranging from “threatened” to “extinct”.[9]
Although about 90% of freshwater eel consumed in the U.S. are farm-raised, they are not bred in captivity. Instead, young eels are collected from the wild and then raised in various enclosures. In addition to wild eel populations being reduced by this process, eels are often farmed in open net pens which allow parasites, waste products, and diseases to flow directly back into wild eel habitat, further threatening wild populations. Freshwater eels are carnivores and as such are fed other wild-caught fish, adding another element of unsustainability to current eel farming practices.[10]
In popular culture
editIn the TV show Friends, in the episode The One With Unagi, Ross uses unagi to mean "a state of total awareness" in karate. This concept of this state is actually zanshin.[11]
References
edit- ^ 日本鰻. Local Sensei (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
- ^ "浜松のお菓子処 春華堂" (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
- ^ "Fresh-Water Eel (Unagi) Nutrition and Calorie count". pogogi.com.
- ^ Yoshizuka, Setsuko. "About.com: Introduction to Japanese Unagi". Retrieved 2009-07-19.
- ^ "Health Hokkaido: Beef Saturday- The Origin of Eel Day". Archived from the original on 2009-08-27. Retrieved 2009-07-19.
- ^ Yoshida, Mireiyu; Sone, Seiji; Shiomi, Kazuo (December 2008). "Purification and characterization of a proteinaceous toxin from the Serum of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica". The Protein Journal. 27 (7–8): 450–454. doi:10.1007/s10930-008-9155-y. ISSN 1572-3887. PMID 19015964. S2CID 207199774.
- ^ Tesch, Friedrich-Wilhelm (2003). The eel. J. E. Thorpe (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-4051-7343-8. OCLC 184983522.
- ^ Savor Japan. "Unagi and Anago: 8 Wonderful Ways to Eat Japanese Eel". SAVOR JAPAN.
- ^ Westlake, Adam (2013-02-04). "Japanese eel now officially seen as endangered". Japan Daily Press. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
- ^ Halpin, Patricia (2007). Seafood Watch: Unagi (PDF) (Report). Monterey Bay Aquarium. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-06.
- ^ "Ninja Wisdom: Cultivate Zanshin » Soul Ninja". Soul Ninja. 2019-06-12. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
External links
editMedia related to Unagi at Wikimedia Commons