Talk:Choline

Wikiprojects update

I have updated the information from the Chemicals and Molecular and Cellular Biology Wikiprojects above (although I am unable to access the full version of the paper online and marked that a full citation is needed). I have also removed a recent edit that cited the impermeability of Choline to the Blood-Brain barrier as it seemed at odds with the information from the NEJM (which suggests that choline supplements can have a direct effect on the brain) and did not cite its sources (perhaps OR?).SupernautRemix 14:59, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

Acetylcholine

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is converted into choline and acetic acid by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.

Isn't choline converted into acetylcholine? Crusadeonilliteracy 13:14, 16 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Acetylcholine is built from its components within neurons, but once released into the synaptic cleft it is digested by the esterase so that the signal it is relaying is stopped quickly. Both (catabolic and anabolic) processes are happening continually.

On a different topic: The chemical formula on this page isn't very helpful in discerning structure. In fact, it has confused the hell out of me. Anyone got a diagram?

Here's a trick – type 'choline' into images.google.com. It gave me this right away. You've got three methyls and a C2H4OH all bound to N⁺. It's ionicly bound to X^– where X can be OH or anything else that forms a negative ion. Anybody want to take a crack at a better diagram? David.Throop 00:29, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Pharmaceutical uses

I notice a lot of health stores and online pharmacies are selling choline tablets. Perhaps someone with the requisite knowledge could add to this article an explanation of what it's used for. —Psychonaut 14:21, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Reply to Pharmaceutical uses

Using choline as a supplement is (by now) supported by some human studies, where choline deficiency associates with birth deffects. However, ther are not enough human studies to really demonstrate that choline supplementation could really solve this problem, nor if over-supplementation is clean of any side-effects (as it happens for instance with Vitamin A). User:Mdnic 15 May 2006

I'd heard that Choline mobilises fat deposits and this is why it is in health supplements. Haven't got a reference though...

Choline is also used a lot as a 'smart drug', because of the central role that acetylcholine plays in a lot of cognitive systems. I've added a reference to this to the article, but my neuropsychology isn't too hot these days (never was to be honest) so I can't give as many details as this would merit. There's a lot of info out there if anyone is inclined to sift through it... User:SupernautRemix 62.6.249.131 15:28, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

"Eggs are rich in choline, which your body uses to produce the

neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Researchers at Boston University found that when healthy young adults were given the drug scopolamine, which blocks acetylcholine receptors in the brain, it significantly reduced their ability to remember word pairs. Low levels of acetylcholine are also associated with Alzheimer's disease, and some studies suggest that boosting dietary intake may slow age-related memory loss."

- from  http://www.newscientist.com/channel/being-human/mg18625011.900

One wonders whether the upswing in Alzheimer's is due to all of those folks watching their cholesterol and avoiding too many eggs. 210.50.176.52 00:48, 1 June 2007 (UTC) Ian Ison

Choline is also used in the treatment of liver disorders, elevated cholesterol levels, Alzheimer's disease, and bipolar depression. I've also heard that it is used as a supplement in treating hepatitis, glaucoma, atherosclerosis, asthma, eczema, alcoholism, etc. Healthycare (talk) 13:37, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

Choline as an essential nutrient

To all authors on Choline,

   I have just erased the introductory phrase. Choline is not essential for cardiovascular

function (if so, please send me the reference). Acetylcholine is essential for neuronal and neuro-muscular transmission of the impulse, but this is covered by another article. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mdnic (talk • contribs) 23:54, 27 March 2007 (UTC).

New England Journal of Medicine "citation needed"

I searched PubMed for the New England Journal of Medicine article about choline (the one with citation needed), and I found a 1979 article titled "Choline and lecithin in the treatment of neurological disorders." It's so old that there's no full-text online. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=431620&ordinalpos=39&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

So, at this point, I can't confirm or deny that statement about choline possibly exacerbating depression. Derekawesome 19:58, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

Invented By Whom?

Hello. Didn't Charles Best discover choline as what Britannica says? Thanks. --Mayfare 05:00, 3 December 2007 (UTC)

bitartrate vs citrartate

I'm wondering what is the difference between the two! Maybe the article should mention it Althena (talk) 15:18, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

There's no such thing as citrartate. Where did you see that?

Ben (talk) 15:57, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

Choline citrate is probably what is meant. -- Ed (Edgar181) 16:36, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

Definition

The text begins with Choline is an organic compound - is this correct? Or should the text begin with choline is an organic cation? From the article, it seems that choline forms organic salts when paired with an anion, but it's not a compound itself. Albmont (talk) 16:38, 3 June 2009 (UTC)

Side Effects

Do you think if adding side effects of using choline will be appropriate for this page? For instance, the dietary choline intake might increase the risk of cancer of the colon and rectum. Anyone knows other side effects? Healthycare (talk) 13:41, 13 January 2010 (UTC)

Chemistry

Do you think you can update the definition of choline as an amine with the following information: "The definition of an amine is a derivative of ammonia in which one, two or three hydrogen atoms have been replaced by an organic group. Amines have one (primary), two (secondary) or three (tertiary) organic groups connected to the nitrogen atom and contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone electron pair.

Unlike the amines, quaternary ammonium cations contain a permanently, positively charged nitrogen atom (no lone electron pair remains). The nitrogen atom is connected to four organic groups and is no longer basic." --Ldcalvin (talk) 18:54, 6 April 2010 (UTC)

Seems to me that info belongs in the links that are given in the phrase "quaternary saturated amine". How about editing those links if necessary?Puffysphere (talk) 17:55, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Thanks for your response. You are correct. I have clarification. The suggestion is to change it to "Choline is a quaternary saturated ammonium compound" as opposed to a quaternary saturated amine. I do have third party research - Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Fourth Edition on Choline and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. Does this make more sense now? Ldcalvin (talk) 15:29, 22 July 2010 (UTC) Ldcalvin

Choline and cancer

I took out an old comment that choline "might" increase risk of colorectal cancer. The 2nd reference does not really support this idea. The first reference is very old and doesn't seem to be online. The references that were given are still in the text of the article, commented out, if you want to look at them.

There has been recent research that shows no association between choline and colorectal cancer, cited in the article. I didn't find any research on Medline that shows such an association. However choline was connected to colon polyps. Puffysphere (talk) 14:16, 22 May 2010 (UTC)

suspected typo

IMHO 8 gm of soy lecithin (or 8 gm of anything) would have a hard time providing 250 gm (rather than mg ) of choline *please review for my sanity and that of others* thanks

seems to have been fixed. Thanks for fixing my typos. I've been sick, I haven't been keeping track of this article. Puffysphere (talk) 17:46, 6 June 2010 (UTC)

Looks like spam to me...

The last part of the article looks like blatant spam to me:

Long Term Memory Preservation and Memory Performances as a Result of Fetal Choline Consumption

"For more information on this topic, search for this review on www.pubmed.com: Caudill, MA. Pre- and postnatal health: evidence of increased choline needs.J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Aug;110(8):1198-206." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.108.30.148 (talk) 00:35, 16 October 2011 (UTC)

Stomach issues and Phosphatidylcholine

Template:Cite DOI Although the article and sone source says that oral Phosphatidylcholine causes stomach issues, this study suggests otherwise. I don't have time to thoroughly check this, but perhaps someone else could?Testem (talk) 12:56, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

% adequate intake - someone please add dont know how

here are the percentages in correct order for women 111,2941176 26,58823529 44,70588235 35,29411765 40,70588235 7,058823529 27,29411765 41,64705882 26,58823529 47,52941176 33,41176471 25,41176471 28 31,76470588 4,470588235 12,70588235 18,11764706 17,41176471

here are the percentages in correct order for men 86 20,54545455 34,54545455 27,27272727 31,45454545 5,454545455 21,09090909 32,18181818 20,54545455 36,72727273 25,81818182 19,63636364 21,63636364 24,54545455 3,454545455 9,818181818 14 13,45454545