THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET in IPAbet keystrokes

CONSONANTS (PULMONIC)

Bilabial

Labiodental

Dental

Alveolar

Postalveolar

Retroflex

Palatal

Velar

Uvular

Pharyngeal

Glottal

Plosive

ppbb

ttdd

ʈt⇧Rɖd⇧R

ccɟd⇧J

kkgg

qqɢg⇧Q

ʔ2⇧H

Nasal

ɱm⇧V

ɳn⇧R

ɲn⇧J

ŋn⇧G

ɴn⇧Q

Trill

ʙr⇧B

ʀr⇧G

Tap or Flap

ⱱ4⇧V

ɾ4⇧H

ɽ4⇧R

Fricative

ɸp⇧Hβb⇧H

ffvv

θt⇧Hðd⇧H

sszz

ʃs⇧Hʒz⇧H

ʂs⇧Rʐz⇧R

çc⇧Hʝg⇧J

xxɣg⇧H

χq⇧Hʁr⇧Q

ħ7⇧Hʕ3⇧H

hhɦh⇧H

Lateral fricative

ɬs⇧Lɮz⇧L

Approximant

ʋv⇧H

ɹr⇧H

ɻr⇧R

ɰw⇧W

Lateral approximant

ɭl⇧R

ʎl⇧J

ʟl⇧G

Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)

Clicks

ʘp⇧CBilabial

ǀt⇧CDental

ǃq⇧C(Post)alveolar

ǂc⇧CPalatoalveolar

ǁl⇧CAlveolar lateral

Voiced implosives

ɓb⇧PBilabial

ɗd⇧PDental/alveolar

ʄj⇧PPalatal

ɠg⇧PVelar

ʛq⇧PUvular

Ejectives

ʼ⌥⇧qExamples:

pʼp ⌥⇧qBilabial

tʼt ⌥⇧qDental/alveolar

kʼk ⌥⇧qVelar

sʼs ⌥⇧qAlveolar fricative

OTHER SYMBOLS

ʍw⇧HVoiceless labial-velar fricative

wwVoiced labial-velar approximant

ɥw⇧JVoiced labial-palatal approximant

ʜ7⇧QVoiceless epiglottal fricative

ʢ3⇧QVoiced epiglottal fricative

ʡ2⇧QEpiglottal plosive

ɕs⇧JVoiceless alveolo-palatal fricative

ʑz⇧JVoiced alveolo-palatal fricative

ɺ4⇧LVoiced alveolar lateral flap

ɧx⇧HSimultaneous ʃ and x

t͡st ⌥j sAffricate (tie bar)

DIACRITICS

◌̥⌥⇧kVoiceless	◌̤⌥⇧uBreathy voiced	◌̪⌥tDental
◌̬⌥⇧vVoiced	◌̰⌥⇧nCreaky voiced	◌̺⌥dApical
◌ʰ⌥z hAspirated	◌̼⌥lLinguolabial	◌̻⌥⇧dLaminal
◌̹⌥⇧wMore rounded	◌ʷ⌥z wLabialized	◌̃⌥nNasalized
◌̜⌥wLess rounded	◌ʲ⌥z jPalatalized	◌ⁿ⌥z nNasal release
◌̟⌥⇧=Advanced	◌ˠ⌥z g⇧HVelarized	◌ˡ⌥z lLateral release
◌̠⌥=Retracted	◌ˤ⌥z 3⇧HPharyngealized	◌̚⌥0No audible release
◌̈⌥uCentralized	◌̴⌥⇧yVelarized or pharyngealized
◌̽⌥xMid-centralized	◌̝⌥⇧gRaised
◌̩⌥sSyllabic	◌̞⌥gLowered
◌̯⌥oNon-syllabic	◌̘⌥⇧hAdvanced tongue root
◌˞⌥rRhoticity	◌̙⌥hRetracted tongue root

VOWELS

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel.

SUPRASEGMENTALS

ˈ⌥'Primary stress

ˌ⌥⇧'Secondary stress

ː⌥;Long

ˑ⌥⇧;Half-long

ĕ⌥bExtra-short

||Minor (foot) group

‖⌥⇧lMajor (intonation) group

..Syllable break

‿⌥⇧j ⌥⇧jLinking (absence of a break)

TONES AND WORD ACCENTS

LEVEL	CONTOUR
e̋⌥⇧eExtra high ˥⌥5Extra high (tone letter)	ě⌥vRising ˩˥⌥1 ⌥5Rising (tone letter)
é⌥eHigh ˦⌥4High (tone letter)	ê⌥iFalling ˥˩⌥5 ⌥1Falling (tone letter)
ē⌥aMid ˧⌥3Mid (tone letter)	e᷄⌥e ⌥⇧eHigh rising ˦˥⌥4 ⌥5High rising (tone letter)
è⌥`Low ˨⌥2Low (tone letter)	e᷅⌥⇧` ⌥`Low rising ˩˨⌥1 ⌥2Low rising (tone letter)
ȅ⌥⇧`Extra low ˩⌥1Extra low (tone letter)	e᷈⌥a ⌥e ⌥aRising-falling ˧˦˧⌥3 ⌥4 ⌥3Rising-falling (tone letter)
ꜜ⌥6Downstep	↗⌥⇧7Global rise
ꜛ⌥⇧6Upstep	↘⌥7Global fall

Click any symbol to hear it — as data: chart.json · keys; audio from Wikimedia Commons (Peter Isotalo, UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive 2003, et al.), free/copyleft licenses. IPA chart © 2015 International Phonetic Association, CC BY-SA 3.0; this sheet likewise · ipabet.org