Antonio Nappa mentions that the Department of Defense (DoD) created the internet back in the 1960's. This is technically true in a way, at the time it was called the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), it was designed by the Defense Advanced Projects Agency (DARPA), the R&D wing of the DoD responsible for developing new military technology. The ARPANET was created to allow for the remote access and sharing of digital information between different government departments, as well as between the major universities. The ARPANET went online in 1966, it was only accessible by government employees and researchers at major universities, though it was the first widely-used wide-area packet switching network to use the TCP/IP protocol, both of which became the building blocks for the modern internet. The actual network that became the modern internet was called the CSNET (Computer Science Network), it was developed by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and created national supercomputing centers at several universities and provided network access and network interconnectivity to schools and institutions across the country that couldn't access the ARPANET. By 1988 the CSNET had been expanded to academic and research organizations in Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan with the first dedicated T1 line, creating the first intercontinental computer network and the basis for the internet. The first commercial Internet Service Providers (ISP) emerged in Australia and the United States in 1989, in 1990 the HyperText Transfer Protocol (the protocol for translating website names to IP addresses) was written, the first web browser developed and the first public web server went online hosting the first website. Then a few months later in 1991 the Commercial Internet eXchange was founded, these events all led to the birth of the modern internet when the first ISP's began offering dial-up network connections via phone line to home consumers.
