The Project Gutenberg EBook of Urania, by Camille Flammarion

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org


Title: Urania

Author: Camille Flammarion

Illustrator: De Bieler, Myrbach, and Gambard

Translator: Augusta Rice Stetson

Release Date: January 28, 2013 [EBook #41941]

Language: English

Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1

*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK URANIA ***




Produced by Greg Bergquist, Charlie Howard, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)









URANIA




    URANIA

    BY
    CAMILLE FLAMMARION

    _ILLUSTRATED BY_
    DE BIELER, MYRBACH, AND GAMBARD

    _TRANSLATED BY_
    AUGUSTA RICE STETSON

    BOSTON
    ESTES AND LAURIAT
    Publishers




    _Copyright, 1890_,
    BY ESTES & LAURIAT.

    University Press:
    JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE.




CONTENTS.


    Part First.

    THE HEAVENLY MUSE.

                                             PAGE
      I. A DREAM OF YOUTH                       9

     II. UNKNOWN HUMANITIES                    18

    III. THE INFINITE VARIETY OF BEINGS        35

     IV. ETERNITY AND THE INFINITE             44

      V. THE LIGHT OF THE PAST                 57


    Part Second.

    GEORGE SPERO.

      I. LIFE                                  71

     II. THE APPARITION                        86

    III. "TO BE, OR NOT TO BE?"               101

     IV. AMOR                                 122

      V. THE AURORA BOREALIS                  141

     VI. ETERNAL PROGRESS                     152


    Part Third.

    HEAVEN AND EARTH.

      I. TELEPATHY                            161

     II. ITER EXTATICUM COELESTE              207

    III. THE PLANET MARS                      227

     IV. THE FIXED POINT IN THE UNIVERSE      257

      V. AD VERITATEM PER SCIENTIAM           302




Part First.

THE HEAVENLY MUSE.

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

I.

A DREAM OF YOUTH.


I was seventeen years old; her name was Urania.

Was Urania a fair, blue-eyed maiden, a dream of spring, an innocent but
inquisitive daughter of Eve? No; she was simply, as in days of yore,
that one of the nine Muses who presided over astronomy, and whose
celestial glance inspired and directed the chorus of the spheres; she
was the angelic idea which soars above terrestrial dulness. She had not
the disturbing flesh, nor the heart whose palpitations are communicated
at a distance, nor the gentle ardor of human life; but she existed
nevertheless in a sort of ideal world,--lofty and always pure,--and yet
she was human enough in name and form to produce a strong and deep
impression upon an adolescent soul, to arouse in that soul an
indefinite, indefinable feeling of admiration,--almost of love.

In his hours of solitude, and even through the intellectual labors with
which the education of the day overloads his brain, a young man whose
hand has never plucked the divine fruit from the tree of Paradise, whose
lips are still untouched, whose heart has not yet spoken, whose senses
are beginning to awaken amid vague new aspirations, thrills with a
presentiment of the divinity to which he is soon to sacrifice, and
personifies beforehand in ever-varying forms the unknown being who
floats through the airy fabric of his dreams. He wishes, longs to reach
this unknown being, but dares not yet, perhaps may never dare, in the
purity of his admiration, unless some helping hand come to his aid. If
Chloe is not well informed, indiscreet and talkative Lycinion must take
it upon herself to instruct Daphnis.

Whatever tells us of the yet unknown attraction can charm, interest,
delight, and captivate us. A cold engraving, showing the oval of a pure
face, even an old-fashioned painting, a sculpture,--a sculpture
especially,--awakens a new feeling in our hearts; the blood flows
faster, or seems to stop; the idea crosses our reddening brow like a
flash, and remains floating in our pensive mind. It is the beginning of
desires, the beginning of life, the dawn of a beautiful summer day,
harbinger of the sunrise.

As for me, my first love, my adolescent passion, had, not for its object
assuredly, but as a determining cause--a clock! It is rather odd, but so
it is! Humdrum calculations used up all my afternoons from two until
four; it was merely correcting observations, made the night before, of
stars or planets by applying the reductions arising from atmospheric
refraction, which itself depends on the height of the barometer and the
temperature. These calculations are as simple as they are tiresome;
they are made mechanically, by the help of prepared tables, while
thinking of something else.

The illustrious Le Verrier was then director of the Paris Observatory.
Although in no way artistic, he had in his study a golden bronze clock
of very beautiful design, dating from the end of the First Empire,--the
work of Pradier's chisel. The pedestal of this clock represented in
bas-relief the birth of astronomy on the Egyptian plains. A massive
celestial sphere surrounded by the zodiacal circle, supported by
sphinxes, held the dial; Egyptian gods adorned the sides. But the chief
beauty of this artistic work consisted of an exquisite little statue of
Urania, lithe, elegant,--I had almost said majestic.

[Illustration]

The celestial Muse was standing. With her right hand she measured the
degrees of the starry sphere by the aid of a compass; her drooping left
hand held a small astronomical telescope. Superbly draped, she looked
down in an attitude of stately grandeur. I had never before seen so
beautiful a face as hers. With the light falling directly upon it, the
pure countenance looked grave and austere. If the light came to it
obliquely, it appeared somewhat meditative; but coming from above and
from the side, the enchanting face brightened with a mysterious smile,
her glance grew almost caressing, her exquisite serenity gave place to
an expression of joy, amiability, and happiness delightful to
contemplate. It was like a song of the soul, a poetic melody. These
changes of expression fairly made the statue alive. Muse and goddess,
she was beautiful, she was enchanting, she was adorable.

[Illustration]

Whenever I had occasion to go to the eminent mathematician it was not
his world-wide reputation which impressed me most. I forgot the formulas
of logarithms, and even the immortal discovery of the planet Neptune, to
bow beneath the charm of Pradier's work. The beautiful figure so
admirably modelled beneath its antique drapery, the graceful throat, the
expressive face, attracted my eyes and captivated my thoughts. Very
often, as we were leaving the office about four o'clock to go back to
Paris, I would peep through the half-open door to see if the director
were absent. Monday and Wednesday were the best days,--the first because
of the Institute meetings, which he seldom missed; the second on account
of the Bureau of Longitudes sessions, which he avoided with the most
profound disdain: he would even leave the observatory expressly, to make
his contempt for them more emphatic. Then I would stand before my dear
Urania and look at her to my heart's content, enraptured by her beauty
of form and face, and go away more satisfied, but not happier,--she
charmed, but filled me with regrets.

One evening--the evening on which I discovered how the light could
change her face--I found the library-door wide open. A lamp stood on the
chimney-piece shedding its rays over the Muse in one of her most
bewitching aspects. The slanting light lovingly caressed the brow,
cheeks, lips, and throat. Her expression was wonderful. I went in, and
for a while stood there in motionless contemplation. Then I tried
changing the position of the lamp, making the light play over the
shoulders, arms, neck, and hair. The statue seemed to live, to think, to
awake, and smile again! Odd, whimsical idea; strange feeling! I had
actually fallen in love! I had changed from admirer to lover! If I had
been told then that what I felt was not real love, and that this
platonism was but a childish dream, I should have been very incredulous.
The director came in, but did not seem so much surprised at my presence
as I might have feared. (The study was often used to reach the
observation rooms.) "You are late for Jupiter," he said, as I replaced
the lamp on the chimney-piece; and when I reached the threshold he
added, "Can it be possible that you are a poet?" lengthening out the
last syllable as though he had said "poët."

I might have answered him by quoting Kepler, Galileo, D'Alembert, the
two Herschels, and other famous savants who were poets and astronomers
at the same time. I could have reminded him that the first director of
this very observatory, Jean-Dominique Cassini, sang of Urania in Latin,
French, and Italian verse. But the observatory pupils were not in the
habit of answering the senator-director in any way whatever; senators
were personages of importance in those days, and the directorship of the
observatory was a life-office. Then too the great geometrician would
have looked upon the most wonderful poem by Dante, Ariosto, or Hugo with
the same profound disdain that a big Newfoundland dog would show if one
should put a glass of wine to his mouth. Besides, I was clearly in the
wrong.

How that charming figure of Urania haunted me, with all the delicious
changes of expression! Her smile was so gracious, and sometimes her
bronze eyes had such a real look. She lacked nothing but speech.

That night, just as I fell asleep, I saw the divine goddess again; and
this time she spoke.

Oh, she was really living now! And what a pretty mouth! I could have
kissed each word. "Come," she said, "come up into the sky. Far away from
the earth, you shall look down upon this lower world, you shall
contemplate the great universe in its grandeur. Come and see."

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

II.

UNKNOWN HUMANITIES.


Then I saw the Earth sinking down into the yawning depths of immensity;
the cupolas of the observatory, Paris with its lights, were rapidly
fading away. Although feeling as if I were motionless, I had the same
sensation which one experiences on rising in a balloon and seeing the
earth descend. I went up, up, in a magic flight toward the inaccessible
zenith. Urania was with me, a little higher up, looking at me kindly and
pointing out the kingdoms below. Day had come again. I recognized
France, the Rhine, Germany, Austria, Italy, the Mediterranean, Spain,
the Atlantic Ocean, the Channel, England. But all this liliputian
geography soon shrank away. Speedily the terrestrial globe was reduced
to the dimensions of the moon in its last quarter; then to a little full
moon.

"There," said she, "is the famous terrestrial globe on which so many
passions stir, within whose narrow limits the thought of so many
millions of human beings is confined, whose sight cannot extend beyond
it. See how its apparent size diminishes as our horizon develops. We can
no longer distinguish Europe from Asia; and there is North America. How
very small it all is!"

As we passed through the Moon's neighborhood I had noticed our
satellite's hilly landscapes, the mountain crests radiant with light,
deep valleys filled with shadows, and I should have liked to stop for a
nearer study of the surroundings; but Urania did not deign to bestow so
much as a passing glance at it, and drew me on in a rapid flight toward
the sidereal regions.

We were still ascending. The Earth grew smaller and smaller as we
receded from it, until it looked like a simple star shining from solar
illumination on the bosom of dark and empty space. We turned toward the
Sun, which shone in space, but without filling it with light, so that we
could see stars and planets at the same time, no longer obscured by its
rays, because it could not illumine empty space. The angelic goddess
showed me Mercury, in close neighborhood to the Sun, Venus, shining on
the other side, the Earth, equalling Venus in appearance and brilliancy,
Mars, whose inland seas and canals I recognized, Jupiter, with its four
enormous moons, Saturn, Uranus. "All these worlds," said she, "are
upheld in vacancy by the attraction of the Sun, around which they
revolve with great speed. It is an harmonious choir gravitating about
its centre. The Earth is but a floating island, a little hamlet of this
great solar country; and the solar empire itself is but a little
province on the breast of sidereal vastness."

We rose still higher. The Sun and its system were rapidly passing. The
Earth was but a little spot now; Jupiter himself, that colossal world,
had melted away, like Mars and Venus, to a tiny little dot scarcely
larger than the Earth. We passed within sight of Saturn, surrounded by
his gigantic rings, whose study alone would be sufficient to prove the
immense and unimaginable variety reigning in the universe. Saturn is a
whole system in itself, with its rings composed of particles torn from
it in its dizzy revolution, and with its eight satellites accompanying
it like a celestial retinue.

[Illustration]

As we soared aloft, our Sun decreased in grandeur. Soon it had descended
to the rank of a planet, then lost all majesty, all superiority over the
sidereal population, and was nothing more than a star, scarcely more
brilliant than the others. I looked about me at all this vast extent,
on whose spangled bosom we were still going upward, and tried to
recognize the constellations; but their forms were beginning to change
perceptibly, from the lengthening perspective caused by my journey. I
thought I could see that our Sun had insensibly dwindled to a tiny star
and joined the constellation of the Centaur; while a new light, pale,
bluish, and very strange, seemed to greet me from the direction toward
which Urania was bearing me. This new brightness had nothing terrestrial
about it, and reminded me of no effect that I had ever seen on the Earth
among the changing tints of the sunset after a storm, or in the
undefined mists of morning, or during the calm and silent moonlight
hours on the mirror of the sea. This last effect is nearer its
appearance; but the strange light was, and became more and more, of a
real blue,--blue, not like a reflection of celestial azure, nor like a
contrast analogous to that produced by an electric light compared with
gas, but blue, as if the Sun itself were blue.

[Illustration]

Imagine my amazement when I discovered that we were approaching the
influence of an absolutely blue sun, like a shining disk, which might
have been cut from one of our most beautiful terrestrial skies, standing
out luminously upon a perfectly black background all thickly studded
with stars. This sapphire sun was the centre of a planetary system
lighted by its rays. We were to pass quite near one of the planets. The
blue sun increased perceptibly in size; but--another phenomenon as
singular as the first--the light it threw upon this planet seemed to be
tinged on one side with green. I looked into the sky again, and saw a
second sun,--this one a beautiful emerald green. I could not believe my
eyes!

Urania said: "We are crossing the solar system of Gamma Andromedæ, of
which you see but one part as yet; for it is made up, not of these two
suns, but in reality of three,--one blue, one green, and one orange
yellow. The blue sun, which is the smallest, turns around the green sun;
and the latter gravitates with its companion around the great orange
sun, which you will perceive in an instant."

Sure enough! A second later I saw a third sun, colored with a glowing
radiancy, whose contrast with its two companions produced a most
dazzling illumination. I knew about this interesting sidereal system
from having observed it more than once through the telescope; but
I had never suspected its real splendor. What fiery depths! what
scintillations! what brilliancy of color in that strange source of blue
light in the second sun's green illumination and the tawny, golden
effulgence of the third!

[Illustration]

But, as I have said, we were approaching one of the worlds belonging to
the system of the sapphire sun. Everything was blue,--landscapes, water,
plants, rocks,--slightly greenish on the side lighted by the second
sun, and hardly touched by the rays of the orange sun, which was rising
on the distant horizon. As we floated into the atmosphere of this world
a soft, delicious music was wafted into the air like a perfume, a dream.
Never had I heard anything like it. The sweet, deep, distant melody
seemed to come from a choir of harps and violins, strengthened by an
accompaniment of organs. It was an exquisite anthem, which charmed at
once; it needed no analyzing to be understood; it filled the soul with
ecstasy. It seemed to me that I could have lingered there listening for
an eternity. I was so fearful of losing a single note that I dared not
speak to my guide. Urania noticed it; stretching out her hand toward a
lake, she pointed to a group of winged beings who were hovering over the
blue waters.

They had not the earthly human form. They were beings who had evidently
been created to live in air. They seemed woven out of light. At a
distance I thought they were dragon-flies; they had their slender,
graceful shape, the same wide wings, quickness, and lightness. But on
examining them more closely I noticed their height, which was not
inferior to our own, and realized from the expression of their eyes that
they were not animals. Their heads were very like that of the
dragon-fly, and like those aerial creatures they had no legs. The
delicious music to which I had been listening was but the noise of their
flight. They were very numerous,--perhaps many thousands.

From the mountain-tops could be seen plants which were neither trees
nor flowers, whose slender stalks rose to an enormous height; the
branched stems bearing, as though with outstretched arms, great
tulip-shaped cups. These plants were alive, or as much so as our
sensitive growths, perhaps more, and like the _desmodium_, with its
moving leaves, showed their internal impressions by their motions. These
groves formed actual vegetable cities. The inhabitants of this world had
no other dwellings, but reposed among the fragrant sensitive-plants when
not floating in the air.

[Illustration]

"This seems a very strange world to you," said Urania; "you are
wondering what kinds of ideas, habits, or history these people could
have,--what kinds of arts, literature, and sciences. It would take a
long time to answer all the questions you might ask. Know only that
their eyes are superior to your finest telescopes; that their nervous
system vibrates at the passing of a comet, and discovers by an electric
sense facts which you on the Earth will never know. The organs which you
see under their wings serve as hands, more skilful than yours. Instead
of printing, they take the direct photography of events and the phonetic
impression of words. They care very little for anything but scientific
research; that is to say, the study of Nature. The three passions which
absorb the greater part of earthly life--eager greed for fortune,
political ambition, and love--are unknown to them, because they require
nothing to live on, there are no international divisions nor government,
except a council of administration, and because they are androgynous."

"Androgynous!" I repeated; and ventured to add, "Is that best?"

"It is _different_. It is a great deal of trouble saved to a humanity."

"To be in a condition to understand the infinite diversity displayed in
the different phases of creation," she continued, "it is necessary to
cast aside all terrestrial feelings and ideas. Just as the species of
your planet have changed in succeeding ages from the uncouth creatures
of the first geological periods to the appearance of man, and as even
now the animal and vegetable population of the Earth is still composed
of the most widely varying forms, from man to the coral, from bird to
fish, from an elephant to a butterfly, so on an incomparably vaster
scale the forces of Nature have given birth to an infinite diversity of
beings and things throughout the innumerable worlds of heaven. The form
of its occupant is the result in each world of some element peculiar to
that globe,--substance, heat, light, electricity, density, weight.
Shape, functions, the number of the senses,--you have but five, and they
are rather poor ones,--depend on the vital conditions of each sphere.
Life is earthly on the Earth, Martial on Mars, Saturnian on Saturn,
Neptunian on Neptune,--that is to say, appropriate to each habitation;
or, to express it better, more strictly speaking, produced and
developed by each world according to its organic condition, and
following a primordial law which all Nature obeys,--the law of
progress."

[Illustration]

While she was speaking I had watched the flight of the aerial creatures
toward the city of flowers, and saw with astonishment that the plants
were moving, raising or lowering themselves to receive them. The green
sun had sunk beneath the horizon, and the yellow sun had risen in the
sky; the landscape was suffused with a fairy-like tinge, over which hung
an enormous half-green, half-orange moon. Then the infinite melody which
had been filling the air died away, and amid a profound silence I heard
a song arise from so pure a voice that no human tones could be compared
with it.

"What a marvellous system!" I cried,--"a world illumined by such
glowing lights! It is having a close view of double, triple, and
multiple stars."

[Illustration]

"Splendid suns those stars," she answered, "gracefully united in the
bonds of a mutual attraction; from the Earth you see them cradled two
and two on the bosom of the sky, always beautiful, pure, and luminous.
Hanging in the infinite, they lean to each other, but never touch, as
though their union, more moral than material, were ordered by an
invisible and superior power, and following harmonious curves, they
gravitate in cadence around each other,--celestial couples which
blossomed at the spring-time of creation in the constellated meadows of
infinity. While simple suns like yours shine in the deserts of space
solitary, fixed, and undisturbed, double and multiple suns seem to
enliven the silent regions of the eternal void by their motion, color,
and life. These sidereal time-keepers mark the centuries and eras of
other worlds for you.

"But," she added, "let us continue our journey; we are but a few
trillion leagues from the Earth."

"A few _trillion_?"

"Yes. If we could hear the sounds of your planet from here,--its
volcanoes, cannonadings, and thunders, or the wild vociferations of its
crowds in times of revolution, or the hymns which rise to heaven from
the churches,--the distance is so great that, even admitting that the
noises could surmount it with the speed of sound in the air, it would
require not less than fifteen million years to reach here. We could
hear to-day only what took place on Earth fifteen million years ago. And
yet, compared with the immensity of the universe, we are still very near
your home.

"You can still distinguish your Sun yonder,--that tiny little star. We
have not been out of the universe to which it, with its system of
planets, belongs. That universe is composed of several thousand
milliards of suns, separated from each other by trillions of leagues.
Its extent is so vast that it would take a flash of lightning fifteen
thousand years to cross it, travelling at the rate of three hundred
thousand kilometres a second.

"And suns everywhere, on all sides! In whatever direction we look, all
about us are sources of light, heat, and life in inexhaustible
variety,--suns of every lustre, of all magnitudes, all ages, upheld in
the eternal void, in the luminous ether, by the mutual attraction of all
and the motion of each. Your Sun moves and bears you away toward the
constellation of Hercules; that one, whose system we have just crossed,
goes south toward the Pleiades; Sirius hurries away toward the Dove;
Pollux whirls swiftly toward the Milky Way. All these millions, these
thousands of millions, of suns hasten through boundless space with a
speed which attains a velocity of two, three, and even four thousand
metres a second. Motion maintains the equilibrium of the universe, and
constitutes its organization, energy, and life."

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

III.

THE INFINITE VARIETY OF BEINGS.


The tricolored system had long since disappeared in our upward flight.
We were passing through the neighborhood of a great many worlds which
were very different from our Earth. Some of them appeared to be entirely
covered with water, and peopled by aquatic beings; others, occupied
entirely by plants. We stopped near several of them. What unimaginable
variety! The inhabitants of one of them seemed to me especially
beautiful. Urania apprised me of the fact that their organization was
totally different from that of the children of Earth, and that those
human beings could discern the physico-chemical operations which take
place in the maintenance of the body. In our earthly organism we do not
see, for example, how the food absorbed is assimilated,--how the blood,
tissues, and bones renew themselves; all functions are fulfilled
instinctively, without thought perceiving it. Thus man suffers from a
thousand maladies whose origin is hidden, and often undiscoverable.
There the human being feels the action of his vital nourishment as we
feel pleasure or pain. A nerve starts from every particle of his body,
so to speak, which transmits the different impressions it receives to
the brain. If terrestrial man were endowed with such a nervous system,
looking into his organism through the intermediary of the nerves, he
would see how food transforms itself into chyle, the latter into blood,
blood into flesh, muscular, nervous substance, etc.: he would see
himself! But we are very far from that, the centre of our perceptions
being obstructed by nerves, thickened by cerebral lobes and optic
thalami.

On another globe which we crossed during the night--that is to say, on
the side of its nocturnal hemisphere--human eyes are so constructed as
to be _luminous_, and shine as though some phosphorescent emanation
radiated from their strange centres. A night meeting comprising a large
number of these persons presents an extremely fantastic appearance,
because the brilliancy, as well as the color, of the eyes changes with
the different passions by which they are swayed. More than that, the
power of their glance is such that they exert an _electric_ and magnetic
influence of variable intensity, and which under certain conditions has
the effect of lightning, causing the victim upon whom the force and
energy of their will is fixed to fall dead.

A little farther away my celestial guide pointed out a world in which
organisms enjoy a precious faculty: the soul may change its body without
passing through the often disagreeable and always sad experience of
death. A savant who has labored all his life for the instruction of
mankind, and feels that his end is drawing near before he has been able
to complete his noble undertaking, can change bodies with a youth, and
begin a new life still more useful than the first. The young man's
consent and the magnetic manipulation of a competent physician are
sufficient for the transmigration. Sometimes it happens that two persons
united by the sweet, strong ties of love effect such an exchange of
bodies after a union of many years,--the husband's soul takes the wife's
body, and conversely, for the rest of their existence. The inmost
experience of life becomes incomparably more complete for each of them.
Savants and historians desirous of living two centuries instead of one,
are seen to fall into a long artificial winter's sleep, which suspends
their lives for half of each year, and even more. Some even succeed in
living three times longer than the normal life of centenarians.

A few seconds later, crossing another system, we met a kind of organism
still more different from ours, and assuredly far superior. With the
inhabitants of the planet we were then looking at,--a world lighted by a
brilliant hydrogenized sun,--thought is not obliged to pass through
speech to be understood. How many times has it not happened when a
bright or transcendent idea came into our minds, and we wanted to utter
it or write it out, that just as we were about to speak or write, we
felt that it was slipping away, flying from us, confused or
metamorphosed into something else? The inhabitants of this planet have a
sixth sense, which might be called magneto-telegraphic, by virtue of
which, when the author is not disinclined, the thought becomes outwardly
manifest, and can be read upon a feature which occupies very much the
same place as a forehead. These silent conversations are often the
deepest and most enjoyable,--always the most sincere.

We are innocently disposed to believe that the human organism is
perfect, and leaves nothing on earth to be desired; but for all that
have we not often regretted being obliged to listen, in spite of
ourselves, to disagreeable words, absurd speeches, a sermon verbose with
emptiness, bad music, slander, or calumny? Our grammars vainly pretend
that we can "close our ears" to these speeches; unfortunately there is
no such thing. You cannot shut your ears as you can your eyes. I was
very much surprised to find a planet where Nature had not forgotten this
salutary provision. As we stopped there for an instant, Urania pointed
out ears which closed like eyelids. "There is very much less anger and
vexation here than with you," said she; "but the wranglings of
political parties are much more sharp and vociferous, adversaries
are unwilling to listen to disputes, and succeed effectually,
notwithstanding the speakers may be most loquacious."

On another world, in which phosphorus plays a large part, whose
atmosphere is constantly electrified, whose temperature is very high,
and where the inhabitants have no sufficient reason for inventing
wearing apparel, certain passions manifest themselves by the
illumination of some part of the body. It is the same thing on a large
scale that we see in our terrestrial meadows on a smaller one in mild
summer evenings when glow-worms silently manifest themselves, and then
waste away in a soft, amorous flame. It is very curious to observe the
appearance of these luminous couples in the evening in populous cities.
The color of the phosphorescence differs in the sexes, and its intensity
varies with the age and temperament. The stronger sex burns with a more
or less ardent red flame, and the gentler sex with a bluish light,
sometimes pale and diaphanous. Our glow-worms, however, give but a very
faint and rudimentary idea respecting the nature of the impressions
experienced by these peculiar beings. I could not believe my eyes when
we were passing through the atmosphere of this planet. But I was still
more surprised on arriving at the satellite of this unique world. That
was a solitary moon, lighted by a kind of twilight sun. A sombre valley
lay before us. From the trees scattered on both slopes of the valley
hung human beings enveloped in shrouds. They had tied themselves to the
branches by their hair, and were sleeping in the deepest silence. What I
had taken for grave-clothes was a covering formed from the growth of
their bleached and tangled locks. As I was wondering at this marvellous
spectacle Urania told me this was their usual mode of interment and
resurrection. Yes, on this world human beings enjoyed the organic
faculty of those insects which have the gift of going to sleep in a
chrysalis state, and metamorphosing themselves into winged butterflies.
It is like a double human race; and the beings in the first phase, even
the coarsest and most material of them, need but to die to rise again in
the most splendid of transformations. Each year in this world represents
about two hundred terrestrial years. Two thirds of the year is lived in
the lower condition, one third (winter) in the chrysalis state, and the
following spring the sleepers feel life coming back to their transformed
flesh; they stir, awaken, leave their fleecy coverings on the trees, and
freeing themselves from them, fly away, wonderful winged creatures, to
aerial regions, there to live for a new Phoenician year,--that is, for
two hundred years of our swiftly moving planet.

We crossed a great number of planets in this way, and it seemed as
though all eternity would not be long enough to admit of my enjoying
these creations unknown to earth; but my guide barely left me time to
realize this, and still new suns and new worlds were appearing. We were
very near striking against some transparent comets in our rapid flight,
that were wandering about like a breath from one system to another, and
more than once I felt myself strongly attracted toward wonderful planets
with fresh landscapes, whose occupants would have been new objects of
study. And yet the celestial Muse bore me on without fatigue still
higher, still farther away, until at last we came to what seemed to me
the confines of the universe. The suns grew more rare, less luminous,
paler; darkness was more intense between the stars; and we were soon in
the midst of an actual desert, the thousands of millions of stars which
constitute the universe visible from the Earth being far distant:
everything had faded to a little, lonely Milky Way in empty infinity.

"At last we have reached the very limits of creation!" I cried.

[Illustration]

"Look!" she replied, pointing to the zenith.




[Illustration]

IV.

ETERNITY AND THE INFINITE


What was that? Could it be true? Another universe was coming down to us!
Millions and millions of suns grouped together were floating about like
a celestial archipelago, and as we flew toward them they spread
themselves out like a limitless cloud of stars. I looked about me on all
sides, trying to pierce the depths of boundless space, and saw similar
clusters of twinkling stars scattered about in all directions, at
various distances.

The new universe which we were entering was made up principally of red,
ruby, and garnet suns. Many of them were absolutely blood-red.

It was like going through a magnificent display of lightning. We sped
swiftly from sun to sun; but incessant electrical commotions like the
flashes of an aurora-borealis assailed us on all sides. What strange
abiding-places worlds lighted solely by red suns must be! Then, too, we
saw in one section of this universe a secondary group, composed of great
numbers of rose-colored and blue stars. Suddenly an enormous comet,
whose head was like some monster's open jaws, rushed upon and enveloped
us. I clung terror-stricken to my goddess's side, who was for a moment
hidden from me by a luminous haze. We were soon in a dark desert again,
for the second universe, like the first, was now far away.

       *       *       *       *       *

"Creation," she said, "comprises an infinite number of distinct worlds,
separated from each other by abysses of vacancy."

"An _infinite_ number?"

"A mathematical objection," she answered. "Doubtless, no matter how
great a number may be, it cannot be actually infinite, since by thought
one can always increase by a unit, or even double, treble, centuple it.
But remember that the present is but a door through which the future
rushes to the past. Eternity is endless, and the number of the worlds
will be like it, without end."

"Look! You still see, always and on all sides, new celestial
archipelagoes,--new worlds everywhere."

"It seems to me, O Urania! that we have been ascending toward the
boundless heavens for a long time, and at very great speed."

"We could rise like this forever," she answered, "and never reach a
definite limit.

"We could be wafted about yonder to right, to left; forward, backward;
above, below,--in no matter what direction, but never anywhere should we
find any confines.

"Never, never any end!

"Do you know where we are? Do you know how we reached here?

"We are--on the threshold of the infinite, as we were when on the Earth.
_We have not advanced one step!_"

       *       *       *       *       *

A deep emotion had taken possession of my mind. Urania's last words had
pierced my very marrow like an icy chill. "Never any end--never!
never," I repeated; I could think or speak of nothing else. But still
the magnificence of the spectacle appealed to my eyes, and my feeling of
annihilation gave place to enthusiasm.

"Astronomy," I cried, "is everything! To know these things, to live in
the infinite,--oh, Urania! what are other human ideas compared with
science? Shadows, phantoms!"

"Oh! you will wake up again upon the Earth," she said; "you will admire,
and rightly too, the wisdom of your masters. But understand this,--the
astronomy of your schools and observatories, mathematical astronomy, the
beautiful science as known to Newton, Laplace, Le Verrier, is not yet
definite, actual knowledge.

"That, O my son! is not the end which I have pursued since the days of
Hipparchus and Ptolemy. Look at the thousands of suns analogous to that
which gives life to the earth, which like it are sources of light,
motion, activity, and splendor! Ah! that is the object of the science to
come,--the study of universal and eternal life. Until now, no one has
ever entered the temple. Figures are not an end, but a means; they do
not represent Nature's structure, only the methods, the scaffoldings.
You are to see the dawn of a new day. Mathematical astronomy will yield
her place to physical astronomy, to the true study of Nature.

"Yes," she continued, "astronomers who calculate the movements of the
stars in their daily passage of the meridian, those who foretell
eclipses, celestial phenomena, periodical comets, who observe the exact
positions of the stars and planets on the different degrees of the
celestial sphere so carefully; those who discover comets, planets,
satellites, and variable stars; those who investigate and determine the
disturbance caused the Earth's motion by attraction from the Moon and
planets; those who consecrate their night-watches to the discovery of
the fundamental elements of the world's system,--are all of them
calculators and observers, precursors of the new astronomy. These are
immense labors, studies worthy of admiration, and important works which
bring to light the highest faculties of the human mind. But it is the
army of the past; mathematicians and geometricians. Henceforth, the
hearts of savants will throb for a still nobler conquest. All these
great minds never really left the Earth while studying the skies.
Astronomy's aim is not to show us the apparent position of shining
specks, nor to weigh stones moving through space, nor to foretell
eclipses, or the phases of the Moon or tides. All this is fine, but it
is not enough.

"If life did not exist upon the earth, that planet would be absolutely
devoid of interest for any mind whatsoever; and the same remark is
applicable to all the worlds which gravitate around the thousands of
millions of suns in the wide stretches of immensity. Life is the object
of the whole creation. If there were neither life nor thought, it would
all be null and void.

"You are destined to witness an entire transformation in science. Matter
will give place to mind."

"Life universal!" I asked: "Are all the planets of our solar system
inhabited? Are the myriads of worlds which people the infinite lived
upon? Do those forms of human life resemble ours? Shall we ever know
them?"

"The epoch of your life upon the earth, even the duration of terrestrial
humanity, is but a moment in eternity."

I did not understand this answer to my questions.

"There is no reason why all the worlds should be inhabited _now_," she
went on. "The present period is of no more importance than those which
preceded or will follow it.

"The length of the Earth's existence will be longer--much longer,
perhaps ten times longer--than that of its vital human period. Out of a
dozen worlds selected by chance from immensity, we could, for example,
find hardly one inhabited by a really intelligent race. Some have been
already, others will be in the future; these are in preparation, those
have run through all their phases: here cradles, there graves. And then
too an infinite variety in the forces of Nature and their manifestations
is revealed; earthly life being in no way the type of extra-terrestrial
existence. Beings can think, live, in wholly different organizations
from those with which you are familiar on your own planet. Inhabitants
of the other worlds have neither your form nor senses; they are
otherwise.

"The day will come, and very soon, since you are called to see it, when
the study of the conditions of life in the various provinces of the
universe will be astronomy's essential aim and chief charm. Soon,
instead of being concerned simply about the distance, the motion, and
the material facts of your neighboring planets, astronomers will
discover their physical constitution,--for example, their geographical
appearance, their climatology, their meteorology,--will solve the
mystery of their vital organizations, and will discuss their
inhabitants. They will find that Mars and Venus are actually peopled by
thinking beings; that Jupiter is still in its primary period of organic
preparation; that Saturn looks down upon us under quite different
conditions from those which were instrumental in the establishment of
terrestrial life, and without passing through a state analogous to that
of Earth, will be inhabited by beings incompatible with earthly
organisms. New methods will tell about the physical and chemical
constitutions of the stars and the nature of their atmospheres.
Perfected instruments will permit the discovery of direct proofs of
existence in these planetary humanities and the idea of putting one's
self in communication with them. This is the scientific transformation
which will mark the close of the nineteenth century and inaugurate the
twentieth."

[Illustration]

I listened with delight to these words of the celestial Muse, which shed
an entirely different light upon the future of astronomy and filled me
with renewed ardor. Before my eyes was a panorama of innumerable worlds
moving in space, and I understood that the true object of science is to
teach us about those far distant universes and allow us to live in those
wide horizons. The beautiful goddess resumed:

[Illustration]

"Astronomy's mission will be still higher. After making you know and
feel that the Earth is but a city in the celestial country, and man a
citizen of heaven, she will go still farther. Disclosing the plan on
which the physical universe is constructed, she will show that the moral
universe is constructed on the very same basis, that the two worlds form
but one world, and that mind governs matter. What she will have done for
space she will do for time. After realizing the boundlessness of space,
and recognizing that the same laws govern all places simultaneously and
make the vast universe one grand unit, you will learn that the centuries
of the past and of the future are linked with the present, and that
thinking monads will live forever through successive and progressive
changes. You will learn that minds exist incomparably superior to the
greatest minds of earthly humanity, and that all things advance toward
supreme perfection. You will learn too that the material form is but an
appearance, and that the real being consists of an imponderable,
intangible, and invisible form.

"Astronomy will then be eminently and above all else the directress of
philosophy. Those who reason without astronomical knowledge will never
reach the truth. Those who follow her beacon faithfully will gradually
rise to the solutions of the greatest problems.

"Astronomical philosophy will be the religion of lofty minds.

"You will see this double transformation in science," she added, "when
you leave the terrestrial globe; the astronomical knowledge which you
already so justly prize will be entirely remodelled in form as well as
spirit.

"But this is not all. The renewal of an old science will be of little
use to mankind in general if these sublime truths which develop the
mind, enlighten the soul, and free it from vulgar common-place should be
kept shut up within the narrow limits of professional astronomers. This
time too will pass away. We must begin anew. The torch must be taken in
hand, and its glory increased by carrying it into the busy streets and
public squares. Every one is called to receive the light, every one is
thirsting for it,--especially the humble, those on whom fortune frowns,
for these are the persons who think most; these are eager for knowledge,
while the contented ones of the century do not suspect their own
ignorance, and are almost proud of staying in it. Yes, the light of
astronomy must be diffused throughout the world; it must filter through
the strata of humanity to the popular masses, enlighten their
consciences, elevate their hearts. That will be its most beautiful and
its grandest, greatest mission!"

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

V.

THE LIGHT OF THE PAST.


Thus spoke my celestial guide. Her face was glorious as the day, her
eyes shone with a starry lustre, her voice was like divine music. I
looked at the worlds about us revolving in space, and felt that a mighty
harmony controlled the course of Nature.

"Now let us return to the Earth," she said, pointing to the spot where
our terrestrial Sun had disappeared. "But look again. You understand now
that space is infinite; you will soon comprehend that time is eternal."

We crossed other constellations and came back toward the solar system. I
saw the Sun reappear, looking like a little star.

"For an instant," said she, "I am going to give you, if not divine, at
least angelic sight. Your soul shall feel the ethereal vibrations which
constitute light itself, and shall know that the history of each world
is eternal with God. To see is to know: behold!"

Just as a microscope shows us an ant as large as an elephant, and
penetrates the infinitely small, making the invisible visible, so at the
Muse's command my sight suddenly acquired an unknown power of
perception, and distinguished the Earth in space, very near the Sun,
which was in eclipse, and from invisible it became visible.

I recognized it; and as I watched, its disk grew larger, looking like
the Moon a few days before the full. After a while I could distinguish
the principal geographical aspects in the growing disk,--the snowy patch
at the North Pole, the outlines of Europe and Asia, the North Sea, the
Atlantic, the Mediterranean. The more steadily I fixed my gaze, the
better I could see. Details became more and more perceptible, as if I
were gradually changing the lenses of a microscope. I recognized the
geographical form of France; but our beautiful country appeared to be
entirely green,--from the Rhine to the Ocean, from the Channel to the
Mediterranean, as if it were covered with one immense forest. I
succeeded, however, better and better in distinguishing the slightest
details, for the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Rhine, the Rhone, the Loire,
were easily found.

"Pay great attention," murmured my companion.

As she said this, she placed the tips of her slender fingers lightly on
my brow, as though she had wished to magnetize my brain and endow my
perceptive faculties with still greater power. Then I looked again more
intently at the vision, and saw before my eyes Gaul in the time of
Julius Cæsar. It was during the war of independence aroused by the
patriotism of Vercingetorix.

"We are at such a distance from the Earth," said Urania, "that light
requires all the time that separates us from Julius Cæsar to reach here.
Only the rays of light that left the Earth at that time come to us; and
yet light travels at the rate of three hundred thousand kilometres a
second. It is fast, very fast, but it is not instantaneous. Astronomers
on the Earth, who are observing stars situated as far from them as we
are now, do not see them as they really are, but as they were when the
rays of light which they see to-day left them; that is to say, as they
were more than eighteen centuries ago.

[Illustration]

"One never sees the stars from the Earth, nor from any point in space,
as they are, but as they have been," she continued; "the farther away
from them one is, the more behind he is in their history.

"You observe most carefully through the telescope stars which no longer
exist. Many of the stars visible to the naked eye are no longer in
existence. Many of the nebulæ whose substance you analyze through the
spectroscope have become suns. Many of your most beautiful red stars
are extinct and dead; you would not detect them if you should go to
them.

[Illustration]

"The light shed from all the suns which people immensity, the light
reflected into space from all the worlds irradiated by these suns,
carries away through the boundless skies photographs of all the
centuries every day, every second. Looking at a star, you see it as it
was at the time the impression that you receive left it,--just as when
you hear a clock strike, you receive the sound after it has left it, and
as long after as you are far from it.

"The result is, that the history of all these worlds actually travels
through space, never entirely disappearing; that all past events are
present and indestructible in the bosom of the infinite.

"The universe will endure forever. The Earth will come to an end, and
some day will be nothing but a tomb. But there will be new suns and new
earths, new springs and new smiles, and life will always bloom afresh in
the limitless and endless universe.

"I wanted to show you," said she, after a pause, "how eternal time is!
You have felt the infinity of space, you have understood the grandeur of
the universe. Now your celestial journey is over. We must go back to the
earth and your own home again.

"For yourself," she added, "know that study is the one source of any
intellectual value; be neither rich nor poor; keep yourself from all
ambition as well as from all servitude; be independent,--independence is
the rarest gift and the first condition of happiness."

Urania was still speaking in her gentle voice; but my brain was so
confused by the commotion aroused in it by so many extraordinary scenes
that I was seized by a fit of trembling. A shiver ran over me from head
to foot, which was probably the cause of my abrupt awakening in a state
of great agitation. Alas! the delightful celestial journey had ended.

I looked about for Urania, but could not find her. A bright moonbeam
shining through my bedroom window lightly touched the edge of a curtain
and seemed vaguely to outline the aerial form of my heavenly guide; but
it was only a moonbeam.

       *       *       *       *       *

When I went back to the observatory the next morning, my first impulse
was to find some pretext for going to the director's study to see the
charming Muse again who had rewarded me by such a dream....

The clock had disappeared!

In its place stood a white marble bust of the illustrious astronomer.

I looked through the other rooms, even the private apartments, under a
thousand different excuses; but she was nowhere to be found.

I searched for days and weeks, but could neither find her nor learn what
had become of her.

I had a friend and confidant, very near my own age, although appearing
older, from his sprouting beard; he too was very fond of the ideal, and
perhaps even more of a dreamer,--besides, he was the only person at the
observatory with whom I was ever on intimate terms. He shared my joys
and griefs. We had the same tastes, the same ideas, the same feelings.
He understood my youthful admiration for the statue, the personality
with which my imagination had invested her, and my unhappiness at having
thus suddenly lost my dearest Urania just when I was most attached to
her. He had more than once admired with me the effect of the light upon
her celestial countenance, and smiled at my ecstasies like a big
brother, even teasing me a little sharply about my affection for an
idol, going so far as to call me "Camille Pygmalion." But at heart I
knew that he too loved her.

This friend--who, alas! was to be torn from me a few years later, in the
very flower of his youth, kind George Spero, exalted mind, noble heart,
whose memory will be ever dear to me--was the director's private
secretary; and his sincere affection for me was proved in this instance
by an act of kindness as graceful as it was unexpected.

When I went home one day I saw with a half-incredulous bewilderment the
famous clock standing on my chimney-piece there, just in front of me!

It was really she! How did she come there? What brought her there? Where
did she come from?

I learned that the celebrated discoverer of Neptune had sent it to one
of the principal clock-makers in Paris to be repaired; that the latter
had received a most interesting antique astronomical clock from China
and had offered it in exchange, which had been accepted; and that George
Spero, to whom the transaction had been intrusted, had re-purchased
Pradier's work as a gift for me. His parents were glad of an opportunity
to please me, in remembrance of some lessons in mathematics which I had
given George for his special examination.

[Illustration]

What joy it was to see my Urania again! How happy I was to feast my eyes
on her once more! That charming personification of the Muse of heaven
has never left me since. In my studious hours the beautiful statue
always stood before me, seeming to remind me of the goddess's
conversation,--to tell me the destinies of astronomy, to direct me in
my youthful scientific aspirations. Since then more passionate emotions
have beguiled me, captivated me, and troubled my senses; but I shall
never forget the ideal sentiment with which the Muse of the stars had
inspired me, the celestial journey on which she bore me away, the
unexpected panoramas she unrolled before my eyes, the truths she
revealed to me as to the extent of the universe, nor the happiness she
gave me by definitively settling my mind on the calm contemplation of
Nature and science as a career.




Part Second.

GEORGE SPERO.




[Illustration]

I.

LIFE.


An intense evening glow floated in the atmosphere like a wondrous golden
radiance. From the heights of Passy the view extended over the whole of
the great city, which at that time, more than ever before, was not a
city, but a world. The Universal Exhibition of 1867 had lavished all the
attractions and delights of the century on imperial Paris. The flowers
of civilization were blooming in their most brilliant tints, wasting
themselves away by the very ardor of their perfume,--fading, dying in
the full fever of youth. The crowned heads of Europe had just heard a
deafening trumpet-blast there, which was the last of the monarchy;
science, arts, industry had sowed their newest creations broadcast, with
an inexhaustible prodigality. It was a general delirium of men and
things. Regiments were marching, with music at their heads;
swift-rolling vehicles crossed each other from all directions; thousands
of people were moving about in the dust on the avenues, _quais_, and
boulevards: but the very dust, gilded by the rays of the setting sun,
crowned the splendid city like an aureole. The tall buildings, towers,
and steeples were ablaze with reflections from the fiery orb; tones from
a distant orchestra, mingled with a confused murmur of voices and other
sounds,--the brilliant, fit ending of a dazzling summer day,--poured
into the soul an undefined feeling of contentment, happiness, and
satisfaction. There was a kind of symbolical summing-up about it of the
evidences of the vitality of a great people in the zenith of its life
and fortune.

From the heights of Passy, where we are, on a terrace in a garden
overhanging the careless current of the stream, as in the old days at
Babylon, two persons, leaning on the stone balustrade, watch the noisy
scene, looking down on the restless surface of the human sea, happier in
their sweet solitude than all the atoms of that seething whirlpool; they
do not belong to the every-day world, but soar above all that restless
activity in the limpid atmosphere of their own joy. Their spirits feel,
their hearts love; or to express the same fact more completely, their
souls live.

[Illustration]

In the maidenly beauty of her eighteenth spring, the young girl's glance
wanders dreamily over the apotheosis of the setting sun. Happy to be
alive, happier still to love, she gives no thought to the thousands of
people moving about at her feet; she looks with unseeing eyes at the
sun's ardent disk sinking below the purple western clouds; she breathes
the perfumed air from garlands of roses in the garden, and feels through
her whole being the peace of perfect happiness, singing a hymn of
unutterable love in her heart. The blond hair waves about her brow like
a misty aureole, and falls in thick tresses over her slender form; her
blue eyes, fringed by long dark lashes, are like a reflection of the
azure sky; her neck and arms give glimpses of the snowy whiteness of
her skin; her cheeks, her ears, are softly colored; her whole person
recalls somewhat the dainty marchionesses whom the painters of the
eighteenth century loved to depict, who were born to an unknown life
which they were not long destined to enjoy. She is standing. Her
companion, whose arm a moment ago encircled her waist as they were
looking at the picture of Paris and listening to the strains of melody
flooding the air from the Imperial Guard, had seated himself by her
side. His eyes had forgotten Paris and the setting sun; now they see
nothing but the beautiful girl. He looks at her unconsciously with a
strange, fixed gaze, as though he saw her now for the first time, and
could not keep his eyes from her exquisite profile, enveloping her in a
long look like a magnetic caress.

[Illustration]

The young student was absorbed in his contemplation. Was he still a
student at twenty-five? Is one ever anything more? And our own master
then, M. de Chevreul, does he not call himself now, in his one hundred
and third year, the senior of the students of France? George Spero had
finished his lyceum studies at a very early age; but they teach nothing,
unless it be how to work, and he continued to investigate the great
problems of natural science with indefatigable ardor. Astronomy
especially had at first attracted his interest. I had known him (as the
reader of the first part of this book may remember) at the Paris
Observatory, which he had entered at the age of sixteen, and
where he had somewhat distinguished himself by a rather strange
peculiarity,--that of having no ambition and no desire whatever for
advancement.

At the age of sixteen, as at twenty-five, he believed himself to be on
the verge of the grave,--judging, perhaps, that life indeed passes
quickly, and that it is useless to wish for anything beyond the
happiness of studying and knowing. He was not very talkative, although
at heart his disposition was that of a playful child. His small,
well-shaped mouth seemed to smile if one carefully examined its
corners; otherwise it looked somewhat pensive, and as though made for
silence. His eyes, whose undecided color reminded one of the
bluish-green on the sea's horizon, changed with the light and in
accordance with his moods; they were usually gentle, but on occasion
would flash like lightning, or grow as cold as steel; their glance was
deep, sometimes unfathomable, even strange and enigmatical. His ear was
small, gracefully curved, the lobe well detached and a little
raised,--which to analysts is an indication of refinement. The brow was
broad, although his head was rather small, but seemed larger from his
glistening, thickly waving hair; his beard was brown, like his hair, and
slightly curled. Of medium height, his whole effect was elegant, with a
natural ease; he dressed carefully, but without pretence or affectation.

My friends and I never had any special companionship with him. Holidays
and leisure hours he never spent with us. Always occupied with his
books, he seemed to have given himself up without reserve to hunting for
the philosopher's stone, the quadrature of the circle, or perpetual
motion. I never knew him to have a friend, unless it were myself; and
yet I am not sure that he gave me all his confidences,--though, for that
matter, perhaps there was no special event in his life except the one of
which I now make myself the historian, and which I knew all about as an
eye-witness if not as confidant.

The problem of the soul was the perpetual torment of his thought.
Sometimes he was so absorbed in his search for the unknown, with such
intense cerebral action, that he felt a sensation of tingling in his
head which seemed to exhaust all his thinking faculties. This was
especially the case when, after having analyzed the conditions of
immortality for a long time, he saw real ephemeral life suddenly
disappear, and endless immortality open before his mental being. In the
face of this aspect of the soul in full eternity he longed _to know_.
The sight of his own body, pale and stiff, wrapped in grave-clothes and
lying in its coffin, left deserted in its last mournful resting-place at
the bottom of a narrow grave under the grass where the cricket chirps,
did not appall his thought so much as the uncertainty about the future.
"What will become of me; what will become of us?" he repeated, like the
constant clashing of a fixed idea in his brain. "If we die utterly, what
an absurd farce life is, with its hopes and struggles. If we are
immortal, what do we do with ourselves through endless eternity? Where
shall I be a hundred years from now? Where will all the present dwellers
of the earth be? To die, for ever and ever; to have existed but for a
moment! What a mockery! Would it not be better a hundred times over
never to have been born? But if it be our fate to live eternally and
never to be able to change anything of the fatality that carries us
along,--having endless eternity always before us,--how can we bear the
burden of such a destiny? Is that the doom awaiting us? If we should
tire of existence, we should be forbidden to fly from it; it would be
impossible to end it. In this conception there is far more implacable
cruelty than in that of an ephemeral life vanishing away like an
insect's flight in the fresh evening breeze. Why then were we born? To
suffer uncertainty; to find after examination not a single one of our
hopes left; to live like idiots if we do not think, like fools if we do?
And yet they tell us of a 'good God!' There are religions, priests,
rabbis, bonzes. Why, mankind is but a race of dupes and duped! Religion
is the same as patriotism, and the priest is as good as the soldier. Men
of all nations arm themselves to the teeth that they may kill one
another like simpletons! Ah! it is the wisest thing they could do; the
best return they could make to Nature for the foolish gift she bestowed
in causing them to be born."

[Illustration]

I tried to lessen his pain and anxiety, having a certain philosophy of
my own which was relatively satisfactory to me. "The fear of death seems
absolutely chimerical," said I. "There are but two hypotheses to make
about it: every night it may be that we shall not wake again the next
morning; and yet, when we think of it, this idea does not prevent our
going to sleep. Now, then, first, either all being ended with life, we
do not wake again anywhere,--and in that case it is a sleep that has
not ended, but which will endure throughout eternity, so that we shall
never know anything about it,--or else, secondly, the soul outliving the
body, we shall wake up somewhere else and continue our activity. In that
case there is nothing to fear in the awakening,--it should rather
attract us. There is a reason for all things in Nature; and every
creature, the meanest as well as the noblest, finds his happiness in the
exercise of his faculties."

[Illustration]

This reasoning seemed to calm him; but the restlessness of doubt soon
returned, pricking like thorns. Sometimes he would wander off alone
through the spacious cemeteries of Paris, seeking out the most deserted
alleys between the graves, listening to the wind among the trees, and
the rustle of the leaves in the paths. Sometimes he went away into the
woods in the suburbs of the great city, and would walk about for hours
at a time muttering to himself. At other times he would spend a whole
day in his study in the Place du Panthéon, which he used as study, work
and reception room at the same time; and there, until far into the
night, he would dissect a brain brought back from the clinic, studying
the small slices of gray substance through his microscope.

The uncertainty of the sciences called positive, the sudden halt to his
mind in the solution of these problems, threw him into fits of deepest
despair; and I have found him many times in a state of utter
prostration, his eyes set and shining, his hands burning with fever, his
pulse agitated and intermittent. In one of these crises I was obliged to
leave him for a few hours, and almost feared I should not find him alive
on my return, at about five o'clock in the morning. He had near him a
glass of cyanide of potassium, which he tried to hide as I came in; but
recovering his calmness almost at once, he said, with great serenity and
a slight smile, "What is the good? If we are immortal, it would be of no
use, and I wanted to know about it sooner." That day he acknowledged he
believed that he had been lifted painfully by his hair to the ceiling,
and allowed to drop with all his weight upon the floor.

Public indifference with regard to the great problem of human
destiny,--a question which in his eyes exceeded all others in
importance, since it treated of our continued existence or
destruction,--exasperated him to the last degree. All about him he saw
people who were occupied solely by material interests, entirely absorbed
by the foolish idea of "making money," for which they gave up all their
years, their days, their hours, their minutes, disguised under various
forms; and he found no free, independent mind living an intellectual
life. It seemed to him that sentient beings could, _should_, while
living the bodily life, since one cannot do otherwise, at least not
remain the slaves of so coarse an organization, but devote the best
moments to their intellectual life.

At the time this story begins, George Spero was already well known, and
even famed, by the original scientific books which he had published, and
also by several books of high literary merit, which had won praise for
his name in all parts of the world.

Although he had not yet completed his twenty-fifth year, thousands of
persons had read his books, which, however, were not written for the
general public, but had been so successful as to be appreciated by the
majority who desire to learn, as well as by the enlightened minority. He
had been proclaimed master of a new school, and eminent critics,
knowing neither his physical individuality nor his age, spoke of his
"doctrines."

How did it happen that this philosopher of such rare ability, this stern
student, should be at a young girl's feet at sunset on the terrace where
we met them just now? The rest of the story will tell you.

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

II.

THE APPARITION.


Their first meeting had been a very strange one. The young naturalist
was a passionate admirer of the beauties of Nature, and was always
looking for grand effects. The year before, he had made a journey to
Norway to visit the silent fiords, in which the sea was swallowed up;
the mountains, whose snow-crowned summits lift their spotless brows far
above the clouds; and to make a special study of the aurora
borealis,--that most magnificent exhibition of our planet's life. I had
accompanied him on the journey. The sunsets over the deep, calm fiords,
the rise of the splendid orb on the mountains, charmed his poetic and
artistic soul with an indescribable emotion. We remained there more than
a month, going through the picturesque region of the Scandinavian Alps.
Now, Norway was the home of that child of the North who was to exert so
strong an influence over his unawakened heart. She was there, only a few
steps away from him; and yet it was not until the very day we left that
Chance, that god of the ancients, decided to bring them together.

The morning light was gilding the distant summits. The young Norwegian
girl's father had brought her to one of the mountains much frequented by
excursionists, like the Righi in Switzerland, to see the sunrise, which
that day was of surpassing beauty. To better distinguish certain details
of the landscape, Icléa had mounted a little hillock a few yards farther
away, and was quite alone; when turning with her face from the sun to
embrace the whole horizon, she saw her own image, her whole figure, not
on the mountain nor the earth, but on the very sky itself. A luminous
aureole framed her head and shoulders with a shining crown of glory, and
a large aerial circle, faintly tinted with the colors of the rainbow,
surrounded the mysterious apparition.

[Illustration]

Astonished and touched by the singularity of the vision, and still under
the influence of the gorgeous sunrise, she did not at first notice that
another face, that of a man, was by the side of her own,--the motionless
silhouette of a traveller in contemplation before her, recalling the
statues of saints on their pedestals in churches. This masculine figure
and her own were framed in by the same aerial circle. Suddenly she
perceived the strange profile in the air, and thought herself the
plaything of a fantastic vision; she started back in her amazement with
a gesture of surprise, almost of fear. Her image in the air reproduced
the same gesture, and she saw the traveller's wraith put his hand to his
hat and take it off, as if he were bowing to the heavens, then lose the
clearness of its outlines, and fade away at the same time as her own
figure.

[Illustration]

The transfiguration on Mount Tabor when the disciples of Jesus suddenly
saw their Master's image on the sky, accompanied by those of Moses and
Elias, could not have caused its witnesses any greater stupefaction than
the innocent Norwegian girl felt before this _anthelion_, whose theory
is well known to all meteorologists.

This apparition fixed itself upon her mental retina like a marvellous
dream. She called her father, who had remained a few steps away from the
little mound; but when he reached her it had all disappeared. She asked
him to explain it; but he replied only by a doubt, almost a denial,
of the truth of the phenomenon. The excellent man, formerly a
field-officer, belonged to that category of distinguished sceptics who
simply deny everything of which they are ignorant or which they cannot
explain. It was all in vain that the lovely girl assured him that she
had seen her reflection in the sky, and also that of a man whom she
judged was young and good-looking; all in vain that she related the
details of the apparition, and added that the figures were much larger
than life-size, like enormous silhouettes,--he declared authoritatively
and with considerable emphasis that it was what is called an optical
illusion, produced by the imagination when one has not slept well,
particularly in youth.

But on the evening of that day, as we were going on board the steamer, I
noticed a young girl, with wind-tossed hair, who was looking at my
friend in open astonishment. She had her father's arm, and was standing
on the wharf as motionless as Lot's wife turned into a pillar of salt. I
signed to my friend; but no sooner had he turned his head towards her
than I saw her face crimson with a sudden flush: she at once turned
away, and fixed her eyes on the paddle-wheel, which was just beginning
to move. I do not know whether Spero noticed her confusion. As a fact,
we had seen nothing of that morning's aerial phenomenon, at least not
while the young girl was near us, and she had been hidden from us by a
little clump of bushes; the magnificence of the sunrise had drawn us
rather to the western side. However, he saluted Norway, which he
regretted to leave, with the same gesture with which he had greeted the
rising sun, and the pretty stranger had taken the bow for herself.

Two months later, the Comte de K---- gave a large reception in honor of
the recent successes of his compatriot, Christine Nilsson. The young
Norwegian girl and her father, who had come to Paris to pass a part of
the winter, were among the guests, who had long known each other as
fellow-countrymen, Norway and Sweden being sisters. We went there for
the first time, our invitation being due to the appearance of Spero's
latest book, which had already met with signal success. Icléa was a
dreamy, thoughtful girl, well informed, thanks to the sound education
given in Northern countries; she was eager to learn, and had read and
re-read with curiosity the somewhat mystical book in which the new
metaphysician, dissatisfied with Pascal's "Thoughts," had laid bare his
soul's anxieties. Several months before, she had successfully passed the
_brevet supérieur_ examination; and having abandoned the study of
medicine, which had at first attracted her, was beginning to look with
some curiosity into the recent investigations of psychological
physiology.

[Illustration]

When M. George Spero was announced, she felt that an unknown friend,
almost a confidant, had arrived. She started as if from an electric
shock. He was not much of a society man. Timid, ill at ease in mixed
assemblies, he did not care to dance, play, or converse, but preferred
to stay apart in one corner of the room with some friends; quite
indifferent to the waltzes and quadrilles, but more attentive to several
masterpieces of modern music feelingly played. The entire evening passed
without his being near her, although he had noticed her, and in all
that brilliant ball had seen but her. Their eyes met many times. At
last, about two o'clock in the morning, when the company was less
formal, he ventured to approach her, without speaking, however. It was
she who first spoke to him, to express a doubt about the conclusion of
his last book.

[Illustration]

Flattered, but still more surprised to learn that those metaphysical
pages had had so young a reader, and a lady too, the author replied
rather awkwardly that those investigations were somewhat uninteresting
for a woman. She answered that women, and even young girls, were not
exclusively absorbed in frivolity; that she knew several who
occasionally worked, thought, endeavored, and studied. She spoke with a
good deal of spirit, defending women against the contempt of certain
scientists of the other sex, and maintained their intellectual equality.
She had no trouble in winning a cause to which her listener was by no
means hostile.

The new book--whose success had been immediate and brilliant,
notwithstanding the gravity of its subject--had surrounded George
Spero's name with an actual halo of fame, and the brilliant writer was
warmly welcomed in every drawing-room. The two young people had
exchanged but a few words when they found themselves the general object
of attention, and were forced to reply to different questions, which
interrupted their interview. One of the most eminent critics of the day
had recently devoted a long article to the new work, and the subject of
the book became at once the topic of general conversation. Icléa took no
part in it; but she felt--and women are not often mistaken--that the
hero had noticed her, that her thought was already linked to his by an
invisible thread, and that while he replied to the more or less
common-place questions thrust upon him, his mind was not wholly on the
conversation. This first little triumph was enough, she cared for no
other; and moreover she had recognized in his profile both the
mysterious silhouette in the aerial apparition and the young stranger on
the steamer at Christiania.

In that first interview he had not hesitated to express his enthusiastic
admiration for the marvellous scenery in Norway, and to tell her about
his visit there. She was eager for a word, some sort of an allusion to
the aerial phenomenon which had made so great an impression upon her,
and could not understand his silence in regard to it. Not having
observed the _anthelion_ when she was reflected upon it, he had not been
particularly surprised at an occurrence which he had already studied
before and under better conditions,--from the car of a balloon; and
having seen nothing specially noticeable, had nothing to say about it.
The occurrence at the steamboat landing too had entirely passed from his
memory; so that although the fair beauty of the young girl did not seem
entirely unfamiliar to him, yet he had no recollection of having met her
before. As for me, I had recognized her at once. He talked about the
lakes, rivers, fiords, and mountains of Norway; learned from her that
her mother had died very young from heart-disease, that her father
preferred living in Paris to anywhere else, and that it was probable she
should not visit her native land except at rare intervals for the
future.

A remarkable identity of ideas and tastes, a ready and mutual sympathy,
a reciprocal respect, soon made them friends. Brought up and educated
with English ideas, she enjoyed that independence of mind and freedom of
action which Frenchwomen never know until after marriage; she felt
hampered by none of the social conventionalities which with us are
supposed to protect innocence and virtue. Two friends of her own age had
even come to Paris to finish their musical education. They were living
together in the very heart of Babylon in perfect safety, never even
suspecting the dangers by which Paris is said to be beset. The young
girl received George Spero's visits as her father would have received
them himself; and in a few weeks the congeniality in their tastes and
dispositions had united them in the same studies, the same researches,
often in the very same thoughts. Almost every afternoon he went, drawn
by a secret attraction, from the Latin quarter along the borders of the
Seine as far as the Trocadéro, and passed several hours with Icléa
either in the library, on the garden-terrace, or walking in the wood.

The first impression aroused by the apparition on the sky had remained
in Icléa's mind. She looked up to the young savant, if not as a god or
hero, at least as a man far superior to his contemporaries. The perusal
of his works strengthened this feeling and increased it; she felt more
than admiration, she had an actual veneration for him. When she knew
him personally, the great man did not descend from his pedestal. She
found him so high, so excellent in his works, his inquiries, his
studies, and at the same time so simple, so sincere, so good-natured, so
indulgent to all, and (seizing any pretext for hearing him talked
about), she was sometimes forced to listen to such unjust criticisms
upon him from rivals, that she began to have an almost maternal feeling
for him. Does the sentiment of protecting affection exist in every young
girl's heart? Perhaps. But assuredly she loved him thus at first. I have
already said that the basis of this thinker's character was somewhat
melancholy,--that melancholy of the soul of which Pascal speaks, and
which is like homesickness for heaven. In fact, he was ever seeking to
solve the eternal question, Hamlet's "To be, or not to be?" Sometimes he
would be sad, downcast. But by a singular contrast, when his unhappy
thoughts had worn themselves out, so to speak, in vain research, and his
exhausted brain had lost the power of further vibration, a kind of
repose came to him,--he recovered his ordinary quiet; the circulation of
his red blood stimulated his organic life; philosophy disappeared,
leaving him like a simple child, amused at trifles; and having almost
feminine tastes, delighting in flowers, perfumes, music, revery, he
appeared sometimes astonishingly light-hearted.

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

III.

"TO BE, OR NOT TO BE?"


It was this very phase of his intellectual life which had drawn the two
friends so intimately together. Happy at being alive, in the flower of
her spring-time, expanding to the light of life,--a harp thrilling with
all the harmonies of Nature,--the beautiful Northern girl still
sometimes dreamed of the fays and elves of her native clime, of the
angels and mysteries of the Christian religion which had soothed her
childhood. The credulity of her early days had not obscured her
understanding; she thought freely, and sought sincerely for the truth;
while regretting perhaps that she no longer believed in the paradise of
the preachers, she felt nevertheless a strong desire to live forever.
Death seemed to her a cruel injustice. She never thought of her mother
lying on her death-bed in the ripe beauty of her thirtieth year,--taken
away to the green and fragrant cemetery, filled with the songs of birds,
while the roses were in full bloom; crossed off the book of life while
all Nature still sang, still bloomed and shone,--she never thought of
her mother's pale face, as I said, without a sudden shudder creeping all
over her from head to foot. No, her mother was not dead! She would not
die at thirty, or at any time! And he? He die! That sublime mind to be
blotted out by a stoppage of the heart or breath? No, it was not
possible! Men are mistaken! We shall know some day!

Then, too, sometimes she thought of these mysteries under a form rather
more æsthetic and sentimental than scientific; but she thought of
them. All her questionings, her doubts, the secret object of her
conversations, perhaps her rapidly developed attachment for her
friend,--the cause of it all was the insatiable thirst for knowledge
which consumed her soul. She hoped in him because she had already found
in his writings a solution to the highest problems. He had taught her to
know the universe; and she found this knowledge more beautiful, more
vivid, more poetic, grander, than the old errors and illusions. From
the time when he told her that life had no object other than the search
for truth, she had felt sure that he would find it; and her mind clung
to and bound itself to his even more strongly than her heart.

[Illustration]

They had lived a common intellectual life in this way for about three
months, almost every day spending several hours reading original essays,
written in different languages, on science and philosophy,--the theory
of atoms, molecular physics, organic chemistry, thermo-dynamics, and the
different sciences whose object is the knowledge of existence,--or in
discoursing upon the real or apparent contradictions of hypotheses;
sometimes finding statements and coincidences most remarkable for their
scientific axioms, in the books of purely literary writers, and
occasionally astonished at the foresight of some great authors. These
readings, investigations, and comparisons had especially interested them
by the discrimination which their minds were led to make, as they became
more and more enlightened, between nine tenths of the writers whose
works are absolutely worthless, and half of the last tenth, whose
writings have but a superficial value. Having thus cleared the field of
literature, they took great delight and satisfaction in the restricted
society of superior minds. Perhaps mixed with it was a little feeling of
pride.

One day Spero arrived earlier than usual. "Eureka!" he cried. But
correcting himself quickly, added, "Perhaps."

Leaning against the chimney-piece, where a bright fire crackled, while
his companion looked at him with her large eyes full of curiosity, he
began to speak with a sort of unconscious solemnity, as though he were
discussing something with his own mind in the solitude of the woods.

       *       *       *       *       *

"What we see is only apparent. Reality is quite different.

"The sun apparently turns about us, rising every morning, setting at
night; the earth where we are seems to be motionless: but the contrary
is the truth. We live on a whirling projectile, thrown into space with a
speed seventy-five times as great as that which carries a cannon-ball.

"Our ears are pleased by a harmonious concert. Sound does not exist; it
is merely an impression of the senses produced by vibrations of a
certain size and rapidity on the air, which in themselves are silent.
There would be no sound without the acoustic nerve and the brain. In
reality there is nothing but motion.

"The rainbow spreads its radiant circle; the rose and corn-flower,
dripping with rain, glitter in the sun; the green meadow, the golden
furrow, diversify the plain with their bright colors. There are no
colors; there is no light,--there is nothing but the ether waves, which
cause a vibration of the optic nerve. Appearances are deceitful. The sun
warms and fertilizes; fire burns. There is no heat, only sensation;
heat, like light, is but one form of motion,--invisible but supreme,
sovereign motion!

       *       *       *       *       *

"Take a strong iron beam, like one of those used so generally in
building nowadays. It is set up in space, ten metres high, between two
walls which support its ends. It is 'solid.' In the middle of it is
placed a weight of one, two, or ten thousand kilograms; but it does not
even show this enormous weight,--a level would hardly find a depression
in it. And yet this beam is composed of particles which do not touch
each other, which are in perpetual vibration, which separate under the
influence of heat, and are drawn together by cold. Tell me, if you
please, in what the solidity of this bar of iron consists. Its material
atoms? Assuredly not, since they do not touch. That solidity lies in
molecular attraction,--that is to say, in an immaterial force.

"Speaking absolutely, solidity does not exist. Take up a heavy iron
cannon-ball: this ball is composed of invisible molecules which do not
touch each other. The continuity which the surface seems to have, and
the apparent solidity of the ball are, then, pure illusions. To the mind
which would analyze it, its inner structure is an eddying swarm of
little gnats, like those darting about in the air on a summer day. Then
suppose we heat this apparently solid ball: it will melt; heat it more,
it will evaporate,--but without changing its nature for all that; gas or
liquid, it will still be iron.

"We are in a house. All these walls, these floors, these carpets, this
furniture, the marble mantelpiece, are also composed of particles which
do not touch each other; and all these particles which constitute these
objects are in constant motion, circulating around each other.

"Our body is in the same condition. It is formed by a perpetual
circulation of molecules; it is a flame which is ceaselessly consumed
and renewed; it is a stream on whose banks one sits down, expecting to
see the same water again, but the perpetual course of things always
brings fresh water. Each globule of our blood is a world (and we have
five millions per cubic millimetre). Constantly, without let or
hindrance, in our arteries and veins, in our flesh, in our brain, all
circulates,--all moves, all hurries along in a vital whirl as rapid,
proportionately, as that of the heavenly bodies. Molecule by molecule,
our brain, our skull, our eyes, our nerves, our entire flesh ceaselessly
renews itself, and so rapidly that in a few months our entire body is
reconstituted.

       *       *       *       *       *

"From estimates founded on molecular attraction it has been calculated
that in a tiny drop of water taken up on the point of a pin, a drop
invisible to the naked eye, measuring one thousandth of a cubic
millimetre, there are more than two hundred and twenty-five million
molecules.

"In the head of a pin there are not less than eight sextillions of
atoms, or eight thousand millions of millions of millions; and these
atoms are separated from each other by distances greater than their
dimensions, these dimensions being invisible even to the most powerful
microscope. If one felt inclined to count the number of these atoms
contained in the head of a pin, by detaching in thought a thousand
million of them per second, it would be necessary to continue the
operation for two hundred and fifty-three thousand years, in order to
finish the enumeration.

"In a drop of water, in the head of a pin, there are incomparably more
atoms than there are stars in all the sky known to astronomers, armed
with their strongest telescopes.

       *       *       *       *       *

"What upholds the earth, the sun, and all the stars of the universe in
the eternal void? What upholds that heavy iron beam thrown between two
walls, and upon which several stories are to be built? What keeps all
bodies in shape? Force.

"The world, beings, and things, all that we see, is formed of invisible
and imponderable atoms. The universe is a dynamism. God is the universal
soul; _in eo vivimus, movemur, et sumus_.

"As the soul is force moving the body, the Infinite Being is force
moving the universe. The purely mechanical theory is incomplete to an
analyst who goes to the bottom of things. It is true that the human
_will_ is weak, in comparison to cosmic forces; yet by sending a train
from Paris to Marseilles, a ship from Marseilles to Suez, I freely
displace an infinitesimal portion of the earth's matter, and modify the
moon's course. Blind men of the nineteenth century, come back to the
swan of Mantua: _Mens agitat molem_.

"If I dissect matter, I find the invisible atom at the base of
everything. Matter disappears, fades away into smoke. If my eyes had
power enough to see the truth, they would see, through walls and bodies
composed of separate molecules, atomic swarms. The eyes of the flesh do
not see what is. The mind's eye must see. Do not rely on the evidence of
your senses alone; there are as many stars over our heads in the daytime
as there are during the night.

"In Nature there is neither astronomy nor chemistry nor philosophy nor
mechanics; those are subjective methods of observation. There is but a
single unit. The infinitely great is identical with the infinitely
small. Space is infinite without being great. Time is eternal without
being long. Stars and atoms are one.

       *       *       *       *       *

"The unity of the universe is constituted of invisible, imponderable,
immaterial force, which moves atoms. If a single atom should cease to be
moved by force, the universe would stop. The earth turns round the sun,
the sun gravitates around a sidereal arch, which is itself capable of
motion; the millions, the thousand millions of suns which people the
universe move much more rapidly than gunpowder projectiles; these stars
which seem to us to be motionless are suns thrown into the eternal void
at the speed of ten, twenty, thirty millions of kilometres a day, all
rushing towards an unknown goal,--suns, planets, earths, satellites,
wandering comets ...; the fixed point, the centre of gravity sought after
by analysts, flies as fast as it is pursued, and really exists nowhere.
The atoms of which bodies are composed, move relatively as fast as stars
in the sky. Motion regulates all things, forms all things.

"_The atom itself is not an inert mass, it is a centre of force._

"That which essentially constitutes and organizes the human being, is
not his material substance; it is not the protoplasm, nor the cell, nor
those marvellous and fertile combinations of carbon with hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen,--it is animate, invisible, immaterial _Force_. It
is that which groups, directs, and keeps together the innumerable
particles which compose the exquisite harmony of the living body.

"Matter and energy have never been seen separated from each other; the
existence of one implies the existence of the other; they are perhaps
substantially identical.

"If the body should suddenly decay after death, as it slowly
disintegrates and perpetually renews itself during life, it would matter
little. The soul remains. _The organizing cerebral atom is the centre of
this force._ It also is indestructible.

"What we see is deceitful. _The real is the invisible._"

       *       *       *       *       *

He began to pace up and down the floor. The young girl had listened to
him as one listens to an apostle, a loved apostle; and although he had
really spoken but for her, he had not apparently realized her
presence,--she had been so silent and motionless. She went to him and
took one of his hands in hers. "Oh!" she cried, "if you have not yet
conquered Truth, she cannot elude you."

[Illustration]

Then, growing excited herself, and alluding to an often-expressed
reservation of his, "You think," she added, "that it is impossible for
terrestrial man to attain to the truth because we have but five senses,
and that a multitude of natural manifestations are unknown to our minds
because we have no means of reaching them. Just as sight would be denied
us if we were deprived of the optic nerve, hearing if we had no acoustic
nerve, etc.; just as the vibrations, the exhibitions of force which pass
between the strings of our organic instrument, without causing those we
have to quiver, are unknown to us. I concede that, and agree with you
that the inhabitants of certain worlds maybe incomparably more advanced
than we; but it seems to me that although earthly, you have found it
out."

[Illustration]

"My darling," he answered, sitting down beside her on the wide library
lounge, "it is very certain that some of the strings in our terrestrial
harp are missing: probably a citizen of the Sirius system would laugh at
our pretentions. The smallest piece of magnetized iron is stronger in
finding the magnetic pole than either Newton or Leibnitz, and the
swallow knows the variations of latitude better than did Christopher
Columbus or Magellan. What did I say just now? That appearances are
deceitful, and that our minds must see invisible force through matter.
That is perfectly sure. Matter is not what it seems to be, and no man
informed about the progress of the positive sciences could now pretend
to be a materialist."

"Then," she said, "the cerebral atom, the principle of human organism,
would be immortal, like all other atoms, if one should admit the
fundamental assertions of chemistry. But it would differ from the
others, possessing a higher rank, the soul being attached to it. And
would it preserve the consciousness of its existence? Would the soul be
comparable to an electric substance? Once I saw the lightning go through
a drawing-room and extinguish the lights; when they were re-lighted, we
found that the gilding had all been taken off the clock, and that the
chased silver candlestick was gilded in several places. That is a subtle
force!"

"Do not draw comparisons; they would be too far from the truth. There
is no doubt that the soul exists, as force does. We can admit that it
and the cerebral atom are one; that it thus survives the dissolution of
the body we can imagine."

"But what becomes of it? Where does it go?"

"The greater number of souls never even suspect their own existence. Out
of the fourteen hundred millions of human beings who people the earth,
ninety-nine one hundredths do not think. Great heavens! what would they
do with immortality? As the molecule of iron floats in the blood,
throbbing in Lamartine's or Hugo's temple, or is fixed for a time in
Cæsar's sword; as the molecule of hydrogen shines in the lobby of a
theatre, or merges itself into the drop of water swallowed by a fish in
the dusky depths of the sea, so living atoms sleep which have never
thought. Thinking souls are the inheritance of the intellectual life.
They preserve humanity's patrimony, and increase it for the future.
Without this immortality of human souls which are conscious of their
existence and live through the mind, all the history of the earth would
end in nothing, and the whole creation, that of the most sublime worlds
as well as that of our mean little planet, would be a deceptive
absurdity, more miserable and pitiable than the cast of an earthworm.
That has a right to be; but the universe would not have. Do you imagine
that the thousand millions of worlds attain the splendors of life and
thought, to succeed each other without end in the sidereal universe,
only to give birth to constantly deceived hopes, and grandeurs which are
perpetually destroyed? It is useless for us to humble ourselves; we
cannot admit that nothing is the supreme object of perpetual progress,
proved by all the history of Nature. Now, souls are the seeds of
planetary humanities."

"Can they transport themselves from one world to another?"

[Illustration]

"Nothing is so difficult to understand as that of which one is ignorant,
nothing more simple than what one knows. Who is surprised now to see
that the electric telegraph instantly sends human thought across
continents and seas? Who is surprised to see lunar attraction raise the
waters of the ocean and produce tides? Who is surprised to see light
transmit itself from one star to another at the rate of three hundred
thousand kilometres per second? Besides, thinkers alone could
appreciate the grandeur of these marvels; the vulgar are surprised at
nothing. If some new discovery to-morrow should enable us to make
signals to the inhabitants of Mars and receive replies from them, three
quarters of mankind would think nothing of it the day after. Yes, the
animating forces can transport themselves from one world to the other;
not everywhere nor always, to be sure, and not all of them. There are
laws and conditions. My will, with the help of my muscles, can raise my
arm or throw a stone; if I take a weight of twenty kilos, it will still
raise my arm; if I want to raise a weight of a thousand kilos, I can no
longer do it. Some minds are incapable of any activity; others have
acquired transcendent faculties. Mozart at six years of age surprised
all his hearers by the power of his musical genius, and at eight
published his first two sonatas; while the greatest dramatic author who
ever existed, Shakspeare, had written nothing worthy of his name until
after he was thirty years old. It is not necessary to believe that the
soul should belong to some supernatural world. Everything is in Nature.
It is hardly more than a hundred thousand years since terrestrial
humanity evolved itself from the animal chrysalis. For millions of
years, during the long historic series of the primary, secondary, and
tertiary periods, there was not a single eye on the earth to see these
grand sights, a single human mind to contemplate them. Progress has
slowly raised the inferior souls of plants and animals; man is quite
recent on the planet. Nature is in ceaseless progress, the universe is a
perpetual growth, ascent is the supreme law.

"All worlds," he added, "are not actually inhabited. Some are at the
dawn, others at twilight. For example, in our solar system, Mars, Venus,
Saturn, and several of his satellites seem to be in full vital
activity. Jupiter appears not to have passed its primary period; the
Moon has perhaps no longer any inhabitants. Our own period is of no more
importance in the general history of the universe than one anthill in
the infinite. Before the existence of the earth, there had been, from
all eternity, worlds peopled with humanities. When our planet shall have
ceased to live, and the last human family shall have fallen asleep on
the brink of the last lagoon of the frozen ocean, numberless suns will
still shine in the infinite, there will still be mornings and evenings,
spring-time and flowers, hopes and joys, other suns, other earths, other
humanities,--boundless space, peopled with tombs and cradles. But life,
thought, eternal progress, are the final object of creation.

"The earth is a star's satellite. Now, as well as in the future, we are
citizens of the sky; whether we know it or not, we are really living in
the stars."

Thus the two friends conversed about the deep subjects which engrossed
their thoughts; when they were conquering a problem, even if it were
incomplete, they experienced a true happiness at having taken another
step in their search for the unknown, and could then talk more quietly
about the ordinary things of life. They were two minds equally eager for
knowledge, imagining in their youthful fervor that they could isolate
themselves from the world, look down upon human ideas, and in their
celestial flight reach the star of Truth, which shone above their heads
in the depths of the infinite.

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

IV.

AMOR.


In their life together, pleasant and intimate as it was, there was
something lacking. These conversations on the serious topics of being or
non-being, their exchange of ideas on the analysis of humanity, their
inquiries into the final end of the existence of things, satisfied their
minds sometimes, but not their hearts. When they had been together for a
long time, talking under the garden trellis which towered above the
picture of the great city, or in the silent library, the student, the
thinker could not leave his companion; they sat hand in hand, mute,
attracted and repelled by an irresistible power. After leaving each
other, both felt a singular, painful void in their breasts, an
indefinable uneasiness, as though some link necessary for both their
lives had been broken; and each hoped for nothing but the hour of
meeting. He loved her, not for himself, but for herself, with an almost
impersonal affection, with a feeling of high esteem as well as ardent
love; and by a constantly fought combat with his desire he had been able
to resist it. But one day, when they were both sitting on the wide divan
in the library, strewn, as usual, with books and loose leaves, a silence
fell upon them, and it happened that, overcome perhaps by the weight of
his long-continued efforts to resist so powerful an attraction, the
young author's head insensibly drooped to his companion's shoulder, and
almost at once ... their lips met....

Oh, unutterable joys of requited love; insatiable intoxication of the
heart transported with happiness; never-ending delights of the uncurbed
imagination; sweet music of the heart,--to what ethereal heights have
you not raised the chosen ones, given up to your supreme felicities!
Suddenly forgetful of this lower world, they fly on outstretched wings
to some enchanted paradise, lose themselves in celestial depths, and
soar away to the sublime regions of eternal rapture. The world, with its
joys and its sorrows, no longer exists for them; they live in light, in
fire,--they are salamanders, phoenixes, freed from all weight, light as
flame, burning themselves out, rising again from their ashes, always
luminous, always ardent, invulnerable, invincible.

The expansion of their first long-repressed delights threw the lovers
into an ecstatic existence in which metaphysics and its problems were
for a time forgotten. This lasted six months. The sweetest but most
imperious of feelings had suddenly absorbed and taken possession of
them, thus completing the insufficient intellectual satisfactions of the
mind. From the day of the kiss, George Spero not only entirely
disappeared from society, but even ceased to write; and I lost sight of
him myself, notwithstanding the long and true affection he had professed
for me. Logicians might have been able to conclude from this that for
the first time in his life he was satisfied that he had found the
solution of the great problem,--the supreme object of the existence of
beings.

[Illustration]

They were living in this "selfishness for two" which, while moving
mankind from our optic centre, diminishes its defects and makes it
appear more beautiful. Satisfied by their mutual affection, everything
in nature and humanity sang a perpetual hymn of happiness and love.
Often in the evening they walked along the banks of the Seine, dreamily
contemplating the effects of light and shade which make the sky of Paris
so exquisite at twilight, when the silhouettes of towers and buildings
are thrown out against the luminous background in the west. Piles of
rose-colored and purple clouds, illuminated by the distant reflection of
the sea over which the vanished sun is still shining, give our skies a
character of their own, not like that of Naples, bathed in the west by
the Mediterranean mirror, but surpassing Venice perhaps, whose
illumination is pale and eastern. It might chance that, their steps
having led them to the old island of the Cité, they would stroll along
the river bank, passing in sight of Notre Dame and the old Châtelet,
whose dark outlines might still be seen against the dimly lighted sky.
Sometimes, often indeed, enticed by the brilliance of the setting sun
and by the fresh green of the country, they went along the _quais_, out
beyond the ramparts of the great city, and strayed as far as the
solitudes of Boulogne or Billancourt, shut in between the dusky hills of
Meudon and Saint-Cloud. They were contemplating Nature; they forgot the
noisy city lost behind them; and walking with the same step, forming but
one being, they received the same impressions, thought the same
thoughts, and by their silence spoke the same language. The stream
flowed on at their feet, the noises of the day were dying away, the
first stars were peeping out. Icléa liked to tell George their names as
they appeared.

[Illustration]

March and April often offer Paris mild evenings, on which the first warm
breezes, forerunners of spring, greet us. Orion's brilliant stars, the
dazzling Sirius, the Twins, Castor and Pollux glitter in the immense
sky; the Pleiades sink towards the western horizon; but Arcturus and
Boötes, shepherd of the celestial flocks, return, and a few hours later
white and resplendent Vega rises on the eastern horizon, soon followed
by the Milky Way. Arcturus with its golden rays is always the first star
to be recognized, from its piercing brilliancy and from its position in
the prolongation of the tail of the Great Bear. Sometimes the lunar
crescent was hanging in the western sky, and the young girl gazed
admiringly, like Ruth by Boaz' side, at "that golden sickle in the field
of stars."

The stars surround the earth, the earth is in the sky. Spero and his
companion realized this, and perhaps no other couple on any other
celestial earth lived on more intimate terms than they with the sky and
infinity.

And yet by degrees, perhaps without noticing it himself, the young
philosopher was gradually taking up again by shattered fragments his
interrupted studies; analyzing subjects now with a deep feeling of
optimism which he had never known before, in spite of his natural
kindliness; excluding cruel conclusions because they seemed to him to be
due to an insufficient knowledge of causes, looking at the panoramas of
Nature and of humanity in a new light. She too had taken up, at least
partially, the studies which she had begun in common with him; but a
new feeling filled her soul, and her mind had not the same freedom for
intellectual work. Absorbed in this constant affection for a being whom
she had wholly won, she saw only through him, acted only by him. In
quiet evening hours, when she went to the piano and played a sonata by
Chopin, which she was astonished to find she had not understood until
she was in love, or to accompany her pure rich voice while singing the
Norwegian _lieder_ by Grieg or Bull, or our own Gounod's melodies, it
seemed to her, unconsciously perhaps, that her lover was the only
listener capable of appreciating these inspirations of the heart. What
delicious hours he spent, stretched on a divan in that spacious library
in the house at Passy, sometimes idly following the capricious rings of
smoke from a Turkish cigarette, while she gave herself up to fanciful
memories, singing the sweet _Saetergientens Sondag_ of her native land,
the serenade from "Don Juan," Lamartine's "Lake," or else when running
her skilful fingers over the keys she sent the melodious dream of
Boccherini's minuet floating into the air.

Spring had come. May had brought the opening fêtes at the Universal
Exhibition of which we spoke at the beginning of this story, and the
great trees in the garden at Passy shaded the Eden of the loving couple.
Icléa's father, who had suddenly been called to Tunis, returned with a
collection of Arabian arms for his museum at Christiania. He intended to
go back to Norway very soon, and it had been agreed between the young
Norwegian girl and her lover that the marriage should take place in her
native land on the anniversary of the mysterious apparition.

[Illustration]

Their love was, from its very nature, very far removed from all those
common-place unions founded, some on gross sensual pleasure, others on
motives of interest more or less disguised, which represent the greater
part of human love. Their cultivated minds kept them isolated in the
loftier regions of thought; their delicacy of feeling kept them in an
ideal atmosphere where all material burdens were forgotten; the extreme
impressibility of their nerves, the exquisite refinement of all their
sensations, brought them delights whose enjoyment seemed to have no end.
If there is love in other worlds, it can be no deeper or more exquisite
feeling. To a physiologist they would have been the living witnesses of
the fact that, contrary to ordinary opinion, all enjoyment comes from
the brain, the intensity of sensation corresponding to the psychic
sensibility of the being.

Paris was for them, not a city, not a world, but the theatre of human
history. They lived the past centuries over again. The old quarters
which had not yet been ruined by modern changes,--the Cité, with Notre
Dame, Saint-Julien le Pauvre, whose walls still recall Chilpéric and
Frédégonde; the old houses where Albert le Grand, Petrarch, Dante,
Abelard, had lived; the old University, anterior to the Sorbonne, and
belonging to the same vanished centuries; the cloister of Saint-Merry
with its sombre little paths, the abbey of Saint-Martin, Clovis' tower
on the mountain, Saint-Geneviève, Saint-Germain-des-Prés, a relic of
the Merovingians, Saint-Germain-l'Auxerrois, whose bell sounded the
tocsin, the Sainte-Chapelle at Louis IX.'s palace, all memorials of
French history, were the object of their pilgrimages. They were alone
in crowds, looking into the past and seeing what very few people know
how to see.

And so the immense city spoke its language of other days,--either when,
lost amid the monsters, griffins, pillars, and capitals, the arabesques
of the tower and galleries of Notre Dame, they saw the human hive go to
sleep at their feet in the evening dusk, or, when rising higher still,
they tried from the top of the Panthéon to restore the old outlines of
Paris and its gradual development from the Roman emperors who lived in
the Baths, to Philip Augustus and his successors.

The spring sunshine, the blooming lilacs, the joyous May mornings, full
of bird-songs and nervous exhilaration, often drew them at random away
from Paris into the meadows and woods. The hours flew by like a breath
of wind, the day had passed like a thought, and the night prolonged the
divine dream of love. In the swiftly revolving world of Jupiter, where
the days and nights are twice as rapid as they are here, and do not even
last ten hours, lovers do not find the time fade away any more quickly.
The measure of time is in ourselves.

[Illustration]

They were sitting one evening on the roof of the old tower at the
Château de Chevreuse; there was no railing, and they were close together
in the centre, from whence one can look down over the unobstructed
surrounding landscape. The warm air from the valley, impregnated with
wild perfumes from the neighboring woods, rose to where they sat; the
warbler was still singing, and the nightingale in the growing shadows
was trying over his melodious hymn to the stars. The sun had just set in
a blaze of crimson and gold, and the west alone was still illuminated by
a glowing radiance. Everything seemed to be asleep on Nature's broad
bosom.

[Illustration]

Icléa was a little pale; but in the glow of the western sky her skin was
so clear, so delicate, so ideal that the light seemed to penetrate it
and illuminate it from within. Her eyes were misty with soft languor,
and her little, childlike mouth was lightly parted; she seemed lost in
contemplation of the sunset light. Leaning on Spero's breast, her arms
twined about his neck, she was sinking into a revery when a
shooting-star crossed the sky just over the tower. She started with a
little feeling of superstition.

The most brilliant stars were already sparkling in the heavenly depths.
Arcturus, a brilliant golden yellow, was very high, almost at the
zenith; Vega, a pure white light, had already risen towards the west; in
the north, Capella; in the west, Castor, Pollux, and Procyon. The seven
stars of the Great Bear, Regulus, Spica Virginis, were also discernible.
Noiselessly, one by one, the stars came out to punctuate the heavens.
The north star showed the only motionless spot in the celestial sphere.

The moon was rising, its reddish disk somewhat diminished from being on
the wane. Mars was shining between Pollux and Regulus in the southwest,
Saturn in the southeast. Twilight was slowly yielding its place to the
mysterious reign of night.

"Does it not seem to you," she asked, "that all these stars are like
eyes looking down at us?"

"Celestial eyes, like yours. What can they see on earth more beautiful
than you--and our love?"

"And yet--" she added.

"Yes, 'and yet,'--the world, family, society, custom, moral laws, and
all that. I understand your thought. We have forgotten all these things
to obey attraction alone,--like the sun, like all those stars, like the
warbling nightingale, like all Nature. Very soon we shall give those
social customs the part which belongs to them, and can openly proclaim
our love. Shall we be any happier for that? Is it possible to be any
happier than we are at this very moment?"

"I am yours," she replied, "I do not exist for myself. I am swallowed up
in your light, your love, in your happiness, and I care for nothing,
nothing more. No. I was thinking of those stars, of those eyes looking
down at us, and wondering where all the human eyes are which have
watched them for millions of years as we do to-night. Where are all the
hearts that have beaten as our heart beats now? Where are all the souls
who have lost themselves in endless kisses in the mysterious vanished
nights?"

"They all exist, nothing can be destroyed. We associate heaven and
earth, and we are right. In all the ages, with all peoples, among all
beliefs, mankind has always asked the secret of its destiny of the
starry heavens. That was one kind of divination. The Earth is a star of
heaven, like Mars and Saturn, which we see yonder, earths of the sky,
lighted by the same sun as we are, and like all these stars, which are
distant suns. Thought translates what man has believed ever since it
existed. All eyes have sought the answer to the great enigma in the
skies, and Urania has replied to them since the early days of
mythology."

The night was coming on. The moon, slowly rising in the eastern sky, was
shedding her radiance through the atmosphere, insensibly displacing the
twilight; and in the city at their feet, below the thickets and ruins, a
few lights were already beginning to appear here and there. The two had
risen, and were standing in the centre of the tower roof, closely
clasped together. She was beautiful, framed in the aureole of her hair,
whose curls floated over her shoulders; little puffs of spring-like
air, fragrant with perfume of violets, gillyflowers, lilacs, and May
roses were rising from the neighboring gardens. Solitude and silence
were about them. Their lips united in a long kiss,--the hundredth at
least of that beautiful day of spring. She was still dreaming. A
fugitive smile suddenly lighted up her face, then faded away like a
passing cloud.

"Of what are you thinking?" he asked.

"Oh, nothing! A worldly, foolish thought; a little silly--nothing."

"But what was it?" he asked, taking her again in his arms.

"Oh! I was only wondering if people had mouths in those other worlds;
because, you know--a kiss--lips--"

And so the hours passed away,--days, weeks, months, in a perfect union
of all their thoughts, all their feelings and impressions. The June sun
was already shining at its solstice, and the time to leave for Icléa's
home had come. At the appointed time she left with her father for
Christiania, and Spero followed them a few days later. It was the
young savant's intention to stay in Norway until autumn, and
continue the studies on the aurora borealis he had begun the year
before,--observations which were especially interesting to him, and
which he had had scarcely time to begin.

[Illustration]

This visit to Norway was the prolongation of a happy dream. The fair
Northern girl cast an aureole of perpetual winsomeness about him which
would perhaps have made him still forget the attractions of science if
she herself had not had, as we have seen, an insatiable taste for study.
The experiments which the indefatigable seeker had undertaken on
atmospheric electricity interested her as much as they did him. She too
wanted to know about those mysterious flames in the aurora borealis
which palpitate at night in high atmospheres; and as his series of
investigations led him to desire a balloon ascension, in order to reach
and surprise the phenomenon at its source, she also experienced the same
wish. He tried to dissuade her from it, those aeronautic expeditions not
being free from danger. But the very idea of sharing a peril with him
would have been enough to make her deaf to her loved one's entreaties.
After long hesitation Spero decided to take her with him, and prepared
for an ascension from the University of Christiania on the first night
of the aurora borealis.




[Illustration]

V.

THE AURORA BOREALIS.


The disturbances of the magnetic needle had announced the aurora's
presence even before the sun went down, and the inflation of the balloon
with pure hydrogen gas was begun while the sky showed in the magnetic
North that coloring of golden green which is always the sure indication
of an aurora borealis. The preparations were ended in a couple of
hours. The atmosphere, entirely free from all clouds, was perfectly
limpid, the stars twinkled in the bosom of a sky profoundly dark and
without a moon; but towards the North a soft light shone in an arc above
a black segment, throwing into the upper atmosphere slight flushes of a
pale greenish rose color, symbolizing the palpitations of an unknown
life. Icléa's father, who was watching the inflation of the balloon, had
no suspicion that his daughter was going; but at the last moment she
stepped into the car as if to inspect it. Spero gave the signal, and the
balloon rose slowly, majestically, over the city of Christiania, which,
lighted by thousands of lamps, appeared under the eyes of the travellers
rising through the air, to diminish in size as it disappeared in the
darkness.

[Illustration]

Soon the balloon, taking an oblique ascent, hovered over the darkened
landscape, and the paling lights also disappeared. The noises of the
city died away at the same time into profound silence: it was the
silence of the upper heights which enveloped the air-ship now. Icléa was
impressed by this extraordinary stillness, perhaps, above all, by the
novelty of the situation, and clung to her rash lover's side. They
mounted rapidly. The aurora borealis appeared to descend, and spread
itself out under the stars, like an undulating drapery of fleecy gold
and purple, overrun with electric flashes. Spero watched his
instruments, and by the help of a little crystal globe filled with
glow-worms, wrote down the indications corresponding to the heights
attained. The balloon went up steadily. What a delight to the
investigator! In a few moments he would soar to the crest of the aurora
borealis; he would find an answer to the question about the aurora's
height which had been asked in vain by so many philosophers, and
especially by his beloved masters, the two great "psychologists and
philosophers," Oersted and Ampère!

Icléa's emotion had calmed itself. "Were you afraid?" asked her lover.
"The balloon is safe; you need fear no accident,--everything has been
provided for. We will go down in an hour; there is not a breath of wind
stirring on the earth."

"No," she said, while the celestial light threw over her a roseate and
transparent illumination; "but it is so strange, so beautiful, so
divine. It is grand for little me! I shuddered for a moment. It seems to
me that I love you more than ever!" and throwing her arms about his
neck, she kissed him in a long, passionate, clinging embrace.

The solitary balloon was moving silently through the aerial heights, a
spheroid of transparent gas enclosed in its silken envelope, whose
vertical gores, joining each other at the valve on the top, could be
seen from the car; the lower part of the balloon being open for the
dilation of the gas.

The dusky brightness that falls from the stars, of which Corneille
speaks, would have been sufficient without the gleams from the aurora
borealis to enable them to distinguish the whole of the aerial skiff.
The car was hung to the net which enveloped the silken vessel by strong
ropes tied to the basket-work and interlaced under the feet of the
aeronauts. The silence was impressively solemn; the beating of their
hearts could have been heard. They were sailing at a height of five
thousand metres, with an unaccustomed gravity; the upper wind was
carrying them along without the faintest breath being felt in the
car, for the balloon floated in the moving air like a simple
bubble,--motionless, except as the current carried it along. Our
travellers--sole inhabitants of these lofty regions, in full enjoyment
of the exquisite elation which aeronauts know when once they have
breathed that rare and sublimated atmosphere--looked down upon the
realms below, forgetful of all earthly cares and associations, in the
silence of their vast isolation. But they appreciated and enjoyed their
unique situation more than any of those who had preceded them, for they
added to the pleasures of an aerial voyage the rapture of their own
happiness. They spoke in low tones, as if afraid of being overheard by
the angels, and of seeing the magic charm dissolved which held them so
near to heaven.... Sometimes sudden flashes came to them,--gleams from
the aurora borealis; then darkness, deeper and more unfathomable than
before, reigned again.

They were floating thus in their starry dream when a quick, shrill
noise, like that of a new whistle, sounded in their ears. They listened,
leaned far out over the car, and listened again. The noise did not come
from the earth. Was it an electrical blast from the aurora borealis? Was
it the hiss of some magnetic storm in the upper air? Lightning coming
from the depths of space flashed about them and disappeared. They
listened breathlessly again. The sound was quite close to them.... It
was the gas escaping from the balloon!

Either the valve had partly opened of itself, or they had pressed upon
the connecting rope while incautiously moving about in the car; at all
events, the gas was escaping.

Spero at once detected the cause of the disquieting noise, and it
terrified him, for it was impossible to close the valve again. He
examined the barometer, which had begun slowly to rise, while the
balloon was beginning to descend. The fall, slow at first, but
inevitable, would increase in mathematical proportion. Trying to fathom
the abyss below them, he saw the flames of the aurora borealis reflected
in the water of an immense lake. The balloon was now descending with
great rapidity, and was not more than three thousand metres from the
ground. Outwardly calm, but fully conscious of the certain and impending
peril, the unfortunate aeronaut threw out one after the other the two
sacks left for ballast, then the maps, the instruments, the anchor, and
emptied the car; but this lightening of the weight was not enough, and
served only to slacken momentarily their accelerated speed. The balloon
was now descending, or rather falling, at a tremendous rate, and was but
a few hundred metres above the lake. Strong wind-currents blew up and
down and whistled in their ears.

[Illustration]

The balloon twisted about itself, as if whirled by a waterspout. George
Spero felt a sudden and passionate embrace, followed by a long kiss upon
his lips. "My master, my god, my all! I love you," she cried; and
thrusting aside two of the ropes, she leaped into the empty air. The
unballasted balloon shot up again like an arrow. Spero was saved.

Icléa's body made a dull, strange, and frightful sound in the midnight
stillness as it fell into the deep waters of the lake. Wild with grief
and despair, Spero felt his hair bristling with horror. He opened his
eyes wide, but saw nothing. Carried up by the balloon to a height of
more than a thousand metres, he clung to the valve-rope, hoping to fall
again towards the scene of Icléa's catastrophe; but the rope would not
work. He fumbled and hunted, but without avail. In the midst of all he
felt under his hand his loved one's veil, where it had caught on one of
the ropes,--a thin little veil, still fresh with perfume, and filled
with the memories of his lovely companion. He stared at the ropes,
thinking he could find the imprint of her little clinging hands, and
putting his own where Icléa's had been an instant before, he threw
himself out of the car. His foot caught in a rope for a second, but he
had strength enough to disengage it, and fell whirling into space.

The crew of a fishing-boat that had witnessed the closing scenes of the
drama crowded all sail towards the spot in the lake into which the young
girl had fallen, and succeeded in finding and rescuing her. She was not
dead; but all the care lavished upon her could not prevent a fever from
setting in and making her its prey.

In the morning the fishermen reached a little harbor on the borders of
the lake, and carried her to their humble cot; but she did not regain
consciousness. "George!" she cried, opening her eyes, "George!" and that
was all. The next day she heard the village bell tolling a funeral
knell. "George!" she repeated, "George!" His body was found in a
terribly mangled condition a short distance from the shore. His fall was
more than a thousand metres. It had begun over the lake; but the body,
retaining the horizontal impetus given by the moving balloon, had not
fallen vertically, it had descended obliquely, as if slipping down a
rope following the course of the balloon; and like a mass thrown from
the sky, had fallen into a meadow near the shore of the lake, making a
deep indentation in the soil, and rebounding more than a metre from the
place where it fell. His very bones were crushed into powder, and the
brain protruded through the forehead. His grave had hardly been closed
before they were obliged to dig another beside it for Icléa, who died
murmuring in a feeble voice, "George! George!"

[Illustration]

A single stone covers both graves, and the same willow-tree shades their
sleep. To this day the dwellers on the shores of beautiful Lake
Tyrifiorden remember the melancholy episode, which has become almost
legendary; and when the gravestone of the lovers is shown to the
tourist, their memory is always associated with a happy, happy dream
that has vanished.




[Illustration]

VI.

ETERNAL PROGRESS.


Days, weeks, months, seasons, years, pass quickly on this planet,--and
doubtless also on the others. The Earth has already run its yearly
course around the Sun twenty times since destiny so tragically closed
the book that my young friends had been reading for less than a year.
Their happiness was short-lived; their morning faded away like the
dawn.

I had forgotten,[1] or at least lost sight of them, when quite recently,
at a hypnotic séance in Nancy, where I had stopped for a few days on my
way to the Vosges, I was induced to question a "subject" by whose
assistance the experimental savants of the Académie Stanislas had
obtained some of those really startling results with which the
scientific Press has surprised us for a few years past. I do not
remember how, but it happened that my conversation with him turned on
the planet Mars. After describing to me a country situated on the shores
of a sea known to astronomers under the name of Kepler's Ocean, and a
solitary island lying in the bosom of this sea; after telling me about
the picturesque landscapes and reddish vegetation which adorned the
shores, the wave-washed cliffs, and the sandy beaches where the billows
break and die away,--the subject, who was very sensitive, suddenly grew
pale, and raised his hand to his head; his eyes closed, his eyebrows
contracted; he seemed desirous of grasping some fugitive idea which
obstinately eluded him. "_See!_" said Dr. B., standing before him with
irresistible command; "see! I wish it."

"You have friends there," he said to me.

"I am not surprised at that," I said, laughing; "I have done enough to
deserve them."

"Two friends," he went on, "who are talking about you now, this very
minute."

"Ah, ha! Persons who know me?"

"Yes."

"How is that?"

"They have known you here."

"Here?"

"Here,--on the earth!"

"How long ago was it?"

"I do not know."

"Have they lived on Mars long?"

"I do not know."

"Are they young?"

"Yes; they are lovers, who adore each other."

Then the loved image of my lamented friends rose distinctly in my mind;
but I had no sooner seen them than the subject exclaimed,--

"Yes! it is they!"

"How do you know?"

"I see,--they are the same souls, same colors."

"What do you mean by the 'same colors'?"

"Yes, the souls are suffused with light."

A few instants afterwards he added, "And yet there is a difference."

Then he was silent, his forehead frowning in his effort to find out. But
his face regained all its calmness and serenity as he added,--

"He has become she, the woman; she is now the man,--and they love each
other more than ever."

As if he did not quite understand what he had said himself, he seemed to
be seeking for some explanation,--made painful efforts, judging from the
contraction of the muscles in his face, and fell into a sort of
cataleptic fit, from which Dr. B. speedily relieved him; but the lucid
interval had fled, not to return.

In ending, I leave this last fact with the reader just as it happened,
without comment. Had the subject, according to the hypothesis now
admitted by many hypnotists, been under the influence of my own thought
when the professor ordered him to answer me? Or, being independent, had
he really "freed" himself, and had he _seen_ beyond our sphere? I cannot
undertake to decide. Perhaps it will appear in the course of this story.

And yet I will acknowledge in all sincerity that the resurrection of my
friend and his adored companion on the world of Mars,--a neighboring
abode to ours, and so remarkably like this one we inhabit, only older,
doubtless more advanced on the road of progress,--may appear to a
thinker's eyes the logical and natural continuation of their earthly
existence, so quickly broken off.

Doubtless Spero was right in declaring that matter is not what it seems
to be, and that appearances are deceitful; that the real is the
invisible; that animate force is indestructible; that in the absolute,
the infinitely great is identical with the infinitely small; that
celestial space is not impassable; and that souls are the seeds of
planetary humanities. Who knows but that the philosophy of dynamism may
one day reveal the religion of the future to the apostles of astronomy?
Does not Urania bear the torch without which every problem is insoluble,
without which all Nature would remain to us in impenetrable obscurity?
Heaven must explain the earth, the infinite must explain the soul and
its immaterial faculties.

The unknown of to-day is the truth of to-morrow.

The following pages will perhaps enable us to form something of an idea
of the mysterious link which binds the transitory to the eternal, the
visible to the invisible, earth to heaven.

[Illustration]




Part Third.

HEAVEN AND EARTH.




[Illustration]

I.

TELEPATHY.


The magnetic séance at Nancy had left a strong impression on my mind. I
often thought of my departed friend and his investigations in the
unexplored domains of nature and life, of his sincere and original
analytical researches on the mysterious problem of immortality; but I
could not think of him now without associating him with the idea of a
possible reincarnation in the planet Mars.

This idea seemed to me to be bold, rash, purely imaginary if you like,
but not absurd. The distance from here to Mars is equal to zero for the
transmission of attraction; it is almost insignificant for that of
light, since a few minutes are enough for a luminous undulation to
travel millions of leagues. I thought of the telegraph, the telephone,
and the phonograph; of the influence a hypnotizer's will has on his
subject many kilometres distant; and I wondered if some marvellous
advance in science might not suddenly throw a celestial bridge between
our world and others of its kind in infinity.

For several evenings I could not observe Mars through the telescope
without my attention being diverted by many strange fancies. Still, the
planet was very beautiful, as it was during all the spring of 1888.
Extensive inundations had taken place upon one of its continents, upon
Libye, as astronomers had observed before in 1882, and under various
circumstances. It was discovered that its meteorology and climatology
are not the same as ours, and that the waters which cover about half of
the planet's surface are subject to strange displacements and
periodical variations, of which terrestrial geography can give no idea.
The snow at the boreal pole had greatly diminished,--which proves that
the summer on that hemisphere had been quite hot, although less elevated
than that of the southern hemisphere. Besides, there had been very few
clouds over Mars during the whole series of our observations. But it
will be hardly credible that it was not these astronomical facts,
however important they might be, and the base of all our conjectures,
which most interested me,--it was what the hypnotized man had told me of
George and Icléa; the fantastic ideas flitting through my brain
prevented me from making a truly scientific observation. I persistently
wondered if communication could not exist between two beings very far
removed from each other, and even between the living and the dead; and
each time I told myself that such a question was of itself unscientific,
and showed a positive spirit.

[Illustration]

Yet, after all, what is what we call "science"? What is not "scientific"
in Nature? Where are the limits of positive study? Is the carcase of a
bird really a more scientific thing than its lustrous, colored plumage
and its song with its subtle tones? Is the skeleton of a pretty woman
more worthy of admiration than her structure of flesh and her living
form? Is not the analysis of the mind's emotions "scientific"? Is it not
scientific to try to find out whether the mind can see to a distance,
and in what manner? And then, how much reason is there in this strange
vanity, that we imagine that science has told us all; that we know all
there is to know; that our five senses are sufficient to appreciate the
nature of the universe? From what we can make out among the forces
acting about us,--attraction, heat, light, electricity,--does it follow
that there may not be other forces which escape us, because we have no
senses to perceive them? It is not this hypothesis which is absurd, it
is the simplicity of pedants. We smile at the ideas of the astronomers,
philosophers, physicians, and theologians of three centuries ago; three
centuries hence, will not our successors laugh in their turn at the
affirmations of those who pretend to know everything now?

The physicians to whom fifteen years ago I communicated some magnetic
phenomena observed by myself during some experiments, all confidently
denied the reality of the facts. I met one of them recently at the
Institute. "Oh!" said he, not without a certain wit, "then it was
magnetism; now it is hypnotism, and we are studying it."

Moral. Do not deny anything as a foregone conclusion. Let us study and
discover; the explanation will come later.

[Illustration]

I was in this frame of mind, pacing up and down my library, when my eyes
chanced to fall on a pretty copy of Cicero which I had not noticed for
some time. I took up a volume of it, opened it mechanically at the first
page I came to, and read the following:--

    "Two friends arrive at Megara and take separate lodgings; one of
    them has hardly fallen asleep before he sees his travelling
    companion beside him, telling him sorrowfully that his host has
    formed a plan to assassinate him, and begging him to come to
    his assistance as quickly as possible. The other awakes; but
    satisfied that he has had a bad dream, loses no time in going to
    sleep again. His friend appears to him again, and conjures him
    to hasten, because the murderers are coming to his room. More
    puzzled, he is astonished at the persistency of this dream, and
    is on the point of going to his friend; but reason and fatigue
    triumph, and he goes to bed again. Then his friend comes to him
    for the third time, pale, bleeding, disfigured. 'Wretch,' said
    he to him, 'you did not come when I implored you; it is all over
    now. Avenge me. At sunrise you will meet a cart loaded with
    manure at the city gate: stop it, and order it to be unloaded;
    you will find my body hidden in the middle. Give me an honest
    burial, and pursue my murderers.' So great a tenacity, such
    minute details, admitted of no further delay or hesitation; the
    friend rises, hurries to the gate mentioned, finds the wagon
    there, stops the driver, who is frightened; and soon after the
    search begins, the body of his friend is found."

[Illustration]

This story seemed to come expressly to strengthen my opinion in regard
to the unknown quantities in the scientific problem. Doubtless
hypotheses are not lacking in reply to the point in question. It may be
said that perhaps the circumstance never happened as Cicero tells it,
that it has been amplified and exaggerated; that two friends coming to a
strange city may fear an accident, that fearing for a friend's life
after the fatigue of a journey, in the middle of the quiet night, one
might chance to dream that he is the victim of an assassin. As to the
episode of the cart, the travellers may have seen one standing in their
host's court-yard, and the principle of the association of ideas comes
in to bring it into the dream. Yes, these explanatory hypotheses may be
made; but they are only hypotheses. To admit that there had really been
any communication between the dead man and the living one is also an
hypothesis.

Are facts of this kind very rare? It seems not. I remember, among
others, a story told me by an old friend of my boyish days, Jean Best,
who, with my eminent friend Édouard Charton, founded the _Magasin
Pittoresque_ in 1883, and died a few years ago. He was a grave, cold,
methodical man, a skilful typographical engraver, and a careful
business man. Every one who knew him knows how little nervous he was by
temperament, and how foreign to his mind were things of the imagination.
Well, the following incident happened to him when he was a child between
five and six years old.

[Illustration]

It was at Toul, his native place. He was lying in his little bed one
beautiful evening, but was not asleep, when he saw his mother come into
his chamber, cross it, and go into the adjoining drawing-room, whose
door was open, and where his father was playing cards with a friend.
Now, his mother was ill at Pau at that time. He at once rose from his
bed and ran to the drawing-room after his mother, where he looked for
her in vain. His father scolded him somewhat impatiently, and sent him
back to bed again, assuring him that he had been dreaming.

Then the child, thinking that he must have been dreaming, tried to go to
sleep again. But some time afterwards, lying with his eyes open, he
distinctly saw his mother pass him for the second time; only now he
hurried to her and kissed her, and she at once disappeared. He did not
want to go to bed afterwards, and remained in the drawing-room, where
his father continued to play cards. His mother died at Pau the same day
at that very hour.

I have this circumstance from M. Best himself, who remembered it
clearly. How explain it? It may be said that, knowing his mother was
ill, the child often thought of her, and had an hallucination which
happened to coincide with his mother's death. That is possible. But it
may be thought, too, that there was some sympathetic link between the
mother and child, and at that solemn moment the mother's soul may really
have been in communication with her child. How? one may ask. We know
nothing about it. But what we do not know, is to what we know in the
proportion of the ocean to a drop of water.

_Hallucinations!_ That is easily said. How many medical works have been
written upon this subject! Everybody knows that of Brierre de Boismont.
Among the numberless incidents which it relates, let us cite the two
following:

    "Observation 84. When King James came to England at the time of
    the London plague, being at Sir Robert Cotton's house in the
    country with old Camden, he saw, in a dream, his oldest son, who
    was still a child living in London, with a bleeding cross on his
    forehead, as if he had been wounded by a sword. Frightened at
    this apparition, the king began to pray; in the morning he went
    to Camden's chamber and told him the events of the night; the
    latter reassured the monarch, telling him he had nothing to
    torment himself about. That very day the king received a letter
    from his wife announcing the death of his son, who had died from
    the plague. When the child appeared to his father, he had the
    height and proportions of a grown man.

    "Observation 87. Mlle. R., a person of excellent judgment,
    religious, but not a bigot, lived before her marriage at her
    uncle's house, D., the celebrated physician and a member of the
    Institute. She was away from her mother, who was attacked by
    violent illness in the country. One night this young person
    dreamed that she saw her, pale, disfigured, very near death, and
    showing deep grief at not having her children with her, one of
    whom, the curate of a parish in Paris, had emigrated to Spain,
    the other being in Paris. Soon she heard herself called by her
    christian name several times; in her dream she saw the persons
    who were with her mother, thinking she called her little
    granddaughter, who had the same name, go into the next room for
    her, when a sign from the sick woman told them it was not she,
    but her daughter who lived in Paris, whom she wanted to see. Her
    face showed the grief she felt at the daughter's absence;
    suddenly her features changed, the paleness of death spread over
    her face, and she fell back lifeless on her bed.

    "The next morning Mlle. R. seemed very sad to D., who begged to
    know the cause of her grief. She told him all the particulars of
    the dream which had so greatly distressed her. D., finding her
    in that frame of mind, pressed her to his heart, acknowledging
    that the news was only too true, that her mother had just died;
    he did not enter into further particulars.

    "A few months afterwards Mlle. R., profiting by her uncle's
    absence to put in order his papers, which, like many other
    savants, he disliked to have touched, found a letter to her
    uncle relating the circumstances of her mother's death. What was
    her surprise to read all the particulars of her dream!"

Hallucination! Fortuitous coincidence. Is that a satisfactory
explanation? At all events, it is an explanation which explains nothing
at all.

A host of ignorant persons, of all ages and trades, clerks, merchants or
deputies, sceptics by temperament or habit, simply declare that they do
not believe these stories, that there is nothing true about them. That
also is not a very good solution of them. Minds accustomed to study
cannot content themselves with so trifling a denial. A fact is a fact;
we cannot refuse to admit it, even when we cannot in the present state
of our knowledge explain it.

Of course medical annals acknowledge that there is really more than one
kind of hallucination, and that certain nervous organizations are their
dupes. But there is a wide gulf between that and concluding that all
psycho-biological phenomena are hallucinations.

The scientific spirit of our century rightly seeks to free all these
facts from the deceptive fogs of supernaturalism, inasmuch as nothing is
supernatural, and Nature, whose kingdom is infinite, embraces
everything. During the last few years a special scientific society has
been organized in England for the study of these phenomena,--the Society
for Psychical Research. It has at its head some of the most illustrious
savants on the other side of the Channel, and has already sent out
important publications. These phenomena of sight at a distance are
classed under the general title of Telepathy (téle, _far_, páthos,
_sensation_). Rigorous inquiries are made to verify their testimony. Its
variety is very great. Let us look through one of these collections[2]
together for a moment, and take out a few of the documents which are
duly and scientifically established.

In the following recently observed case, the observer was as wide awake
as you and I are at this moment. It is about a certain Mr. Robert Bee,
who lives at Wigan, England. Here is the curious revelation, written by
the observer himself.

    "On the 18th of December, 1873, my wife and I went to visit my
    wife's family at Southport, leaving my parents to all appearance
    in perfect health. The next afternoon we were strolling on the
    beach, when I became so depressed that it was impossible for me
    to interest myself in anything whatever, so that we soon
    returned to the house.

    "All at once my wife showed signs of great uneasiness, and said
    she was going to her mother's room for a few moments. A minute
    afterwards I rose from my armchair and went into the
    drawing-room.

    "A lady in walking costume came towards me from an adjacent
    sleeping-room. I did not notice her features, because her face
    was turned away from me; still, I spoke to her, and greeted her
    at once, but I do not remember now what I said.

    "At the same time, while she was passing before me, my wife was
    coming from her mother's chamber, and walked right over the
    place where I saw the lady, without seeming to notice her. I
    said at once, in great surprise, 'Who is that lady whom you just
    met?' 'I met no one,' replied my wife, still more astonished
    than I was. 'What!' I replied, 'do you mean to tell me that you
    did not see a lady this very minute who passed by just where you
    are now? She probably came from your mother's room, and must be
    now in the vestibule.'

    "'It is impossible,' she said; 'there is positively no one in
    the house at this moment but my mother and ourselves.'

    "Sure enough. No strange lady had been there, and the search
    which we immediately began was without result.

    "It was then ten minutes to eight o'clock. The next morning a
    telegram informed us of my mother's sudden death from
    heart-disease at exactly that hour. She was then in the street,
    and dressed precisely like the unknown lady who had passed in
    front of me."

Such is the observer's story. The inquiries made by the Society
for Psychical Research have proved its absolute authenticity and
the agreement of the witnesses. It is as positive a fact as a
meteorological, astronomical, philosophical, or chemical observation.
How can it be explained? Coincidence, you will say. Can a strict
scientific criticism be satisfied with this word?

Still another case.

Mr. Frederick Wingfield, living at Belle-Isle en Terre (Côtes-du-Nord),
writes that on the 25th of March, 1880, having gone to bed rather late,
after reading a part of the evening, he dreamed that his brother, living
in the county of Essex, in England, was with him; but instead of
answering a question asked him, merely shook his head, rose from his
chair, and went away. The impression was so strong that the narrator
sprang from his bed half asleep, awaking as his foot touched the floor,
and called his brother. Three days later he received news that his
brother had been killed by a fall from his horse the same day, March
25th, 1880, in the evening, about half-past eight o'clock, a few hours
before the dream just reported.

An inquiry proved that the date of this death was exact, and that the
author of this narrative had written his dream in a diary at the very
date of the event, and not afterwards.

Still another case.

    "Mr. S. and Mr. L., both employed in a Government office, had
    been intimate friends for eight years. Monday, 19th March, 1883,
    L. had an attack of indigestion at his office. He went to a
    druggist's, where he was given some medicine, and was told that
    his liver was affected. The following Thursday he was no better;
    Saturday of that same week he was still absent from the office.

    "On Saturday evening, March 24th, S. was at home with a
    headache; he told his wife that he was too warm, which he had
    not been before for two months; then, after making this remark,
    he went to bed, and shortly after he saw his friend L. standing
    before him, dressed as usual. S. noticed even this particular
    about L.'s clothes, that he had a black band on his hat, and
    that his coat was unbuttoned; he also had a cane in his hand. L.
    looked directly at S. and passed on. S. then remembered the
    sentence in the book of Job, 'A spirit passed before my face;
    the hair of my flesh stood up.'

    "At that moment he felt a chill run all over his body, and felt
    the hair rise on his head. Then he asked his wife,'What time is
    it?' She replied,'Ten minutes of nine.' 'I asked you,' he said,
    'because L. is dead; I have just seen him.' She tried to
    persuade him that it was a pure illusion; but he insisted, in
    the most solemn manner, that nothing could induce him to change
    his opinion."

This is the story as told by Mr. S. He did not learn of his friend's
death until three o'clock on Sunday. L. had died on Saturday evening at
about ten minutes of nine.

[Illustration]

Agrippa d'Aubigné's historical account of an occurrence at the time of
the Cardinal of Lorraine's death is somewhat like this story:--

    "The king being at Avignon on December 23d, 1574, Charles,
    Cardinal of Lorraine, died there. The queen (Catherine de
    Médicis) had retired to bed earlier than usual, having at her
    _coucher_, among other persons of note, the king of Navarre,
    the archbishop of Lyons, the ladies de Retz, de Lignerolles, and
    de Saunes, two of whom have confirmed this report. As she was
    hurrying to finish her good-nights, she threw herself back on
    her bed with a start, put her hands over her face with a loud
    cry, calling to those about her for help, pointing to the
    cardinal at the foot of the bed, who, she said, was holding out
    his hand to her. She cried out several times, 'M. le Cardinal, I
    have nothing to do with you.' At the same time the king of
    Navarre sent one of his gentlemen to the cardinal's house, who
    reported that he had died at that very minute."

In his book on "Posthumous Humanity," published in 1882, Adolphe
d'Assier guarantees the authenticity of the following statement, which
was reported by a lady of St. Gaudens as having happened to herself:--

    "It was before my marriage," she said, "and I slept with my
    elder sister. One night we had just put out the light and gone
    to bed. The fire was still burning enough to dimly light the
    room. Glancing at the fireplace, to my great surprise I saw a
    priest seated before the fire warming himself. He was a stout
    man, and had the form and features of an uncle of ours, a priest
    who lived in the suburbs. I at once spoke to my sister. The
    latter looked at the fireplace and saw the same apparition. She
    also recognized our uncle the priest. An indescribable fright
    took possession of us, and we both cried 'help' as loud as we
    could. My father, who was sleeping in an adjoining room,
    aroused by our cries, rose in great haste, and soon came in with
    a lighted candle in his hand. The phantom had disappeared; we no
    longer saw any one in the chamber. The next day we learned by
    letter that our uncle the priest had died the previous evening."

[Illustration]

Another fact is reported by the same disciple of Auguste Comte, and sent
by him while living in Rio de Janeiro.

It was in 1858. In the French colony of that city, people were still
talking about a singular apparition which had taken place there a few
years before. An Alsatian family, consisting of a husband, wife, and
little girl, still almost a baby, sailed for Rio de Janeiro, where they
were to join some compatriots living in that city. The passage was very
long, the wife was taken ill, and lacking proper care and nourishment,
did not live to reach there. The day she died she fell into a swoon,
remained in that state for some time, and when she recovered her senses,
said to her husband, who was watching by her side, "I die happy, for now
I am easy about the fate of our child. I have just come from Rio de
Janeiro. I found our friend Fritz the carpenter's house and street; he
was standing at the door. I showed him our little girl; I feel sure that
on your arrival he will recognize and take care of her." That very day,
at the same hour, Fritz the Alsatian carpenter, of whom I have just
spoken, was standing at the door of the house where he lived in Rio de
Janeiro, when he thought he saw one of his compatriots going along the
street with a little girl in her arms. She looked at him entreatingly,
and seemed to show him the child she was carrying. Her face,
notwithstanding its emaciation, reminded him of Latta, the wife of his
friend and fellow-countryman Schmidt. Her expression, the singularity of
her step, which seemed more like a vision than reality, struck Fritz;
and wanting to be sure that he was not the victim of an illusion, he
called one of his men who was working in the shop, and who was also an
Alsatian from the same locality.

"Look," said he; "do you not see a woman going down the street, holding
a child in her arms, and should you not say that it is Latta, our friend
Schmidt's wife?"

"I cannot say; I do not see her very distinctly," replied the workman.

Fritz said no more; but the different circumstances of this real or
imaginary apparition fixed themselves firmly in his mind, especially the
day and hour. Some time after that, Schmidt, his compatriot, arrived,
carrying a little girl in his arms. Latta's visit then came into Fritz's
mind; and before Schmidt had spoken a word he said to him,--

"I know all, my poor friend: your wife died during the passage. Before
she died, she came and showed me her little girl, that I might take
care of her. Here is the date and hour."

It was really the day and hour noted by Schmidt on board the boat.

In his work on the Phenomena of Magic, published in 1864, Gougenot des
Mousseaux reports the following incident, which he certifies as
absolutely authentic:-

Sir Robert Bruce, belonging to the illustrious Scotch family of that
name, was mate of a vessel. One day, when sailing near Newfoundland, and
while busy with his calculations, he thought he saw the captain seated
at his desk, but looked at him attentively, and noticed that it was a
stranger, whose cold, fixed look surprised him. He went on deck; the
captain noticed his surprise, and asked him what it meant.

"Who is at your desk?" asked Bruce.

"No one."

"Yes, there is some one there. Is it a stranger; and how did he come
there?"

"You are either dreaming or joking."

"Not at all. Come down and see for yourself."

They go down to the cabin, but there is no one at the desk. The ship is
thoroughly searched, but no stranger is found.

"And yet the man I saw was writing on your slate; the writing must be
there still," said he to the captain.

[Illustration]

They looked at the slate; it bore these words: "Steer to the
northwest."

"This must be your writing, or some one's else on board the ship."

"No; I did not write it."

Every one was told to write the same sentence, and no handwriting
resembled that on the slate. "Very well," said the captain; "we will
obey these instructions and steer the ship to the northwest; the wind is
right, and will admit of our trying the experiment."

[Illustration]

Three hours later, the watch perceived an iceberg, and near it a vessel
from Quebec, headed for Liverpool, dismantled and covered with people.
They were brought off by boats of Bruce's vessel.

As one of the men was climbing up the side of the rescuing vessel, Bruce
started, and drew back in great agitation. He recognized the stranger
whom he had seen tracing the words on the slate. He reported the strange
incident to the captain.

"Will you write 'Steer to the northwest' on this slate?" asked the
captain, turning to the new-comer, and offering the side which bore no
writing.

The stranger complied with his request, and wrote the desired words.

"Will you acknowledge that to be your ordinary handwriting?" asked the
captain, struck with the similarity of the two sentences.

"Of course; how can you doubt it? You saw me write it yourself."

As a reply, the captain turned the slate over, and the stranger was
amazed to see his own writing on both sides.

"Did you dream of writing on that slate?" said the Quebec captain to the
man who had just been writing.

"No,--at least I have no remembrance of doing so."

"What was that passenger doing at noon?" asks the rescuer of his brother
captain.

"The passenger was very tired, and had fallen into a sound sleep, as
near as I remember, a little before twelve o'clock. An hour or more
later he awoke, and said to me, 'Captain, we shall be saved this very
day;' adding, 'I dreamed that I was on board a vessel coming to our
relief.' He described the ship and its rigging, and we were very much
surprised, when you headed for us, to recognize the exactness of the
description."

After a while the passenger said, "It is very strange, but somehow this
ship seems quite familiar to me, and yet I was never on it before."

Baron Dupotet, in his article on "Animal Magnetism," reports the
following fact, published in 1814 by the celebrated Jung Stiling, who
had it from the observer himself, Baron de Sulza, chamberlain to the
king of Sweden.

[Illustration]

He was going home one night in summer about twelve o'clock, an hour at
which it is still light enough in Sweden to read the finest print. "As
I reached the family estate," he said, "my father came to the entrance
of the park to meet me; he was dressed as usual, and carried a cane
which my brother had carved. I greeted him, and we talked together for a
long time. We went into the house and up to his bedroom door together.
On going into the chamber I saw my father there, undressed, when the
apparition instantly faded away. A little while afterwards my father
awoke and looked at me inquiringly. 'My dear Edward,' said he, 'God be
praised that I see you safe and well! I was greatly distressed about
you in my dream. I thought that you had fallen into the water and were
in danger of drowning.' Now on that very day," added the baron, "I had
been on the river with some friends crab-fishing, and had come very near
being dragged down by the current. I told my father that I had seen his
double at the park gate, and that we had had a long talk together. He
told me that he had often had similar experiences."

[Illustration]

In these various stories are seen spontaneous apparitions and
appearances which were provoked, so to speak, by the will. Can mental
suggestion go so far as that? The authors of the book mentioned above,
"Phantasms of the Living," reply affirmatively by seven well-attested
examples, of which I will present one to the attention of my readers.
Here it is:--

    "The Rev. C. Godfrey, living in Eastbourne, in the county of
    Sussex, having read an account of a premeditated apparition, was
    so struck thereby that he determined to attempt it himself. On
    the fifteenth of November, 1886, about eleven o'clock, he
    concentrated the whole power of his imagination and all the
    strength of will of which he was master, upon the idea of
    appearing to a lady, a friend of his, by standing at the foot of
    her bed. The effort lasted about eight minutes, after which Mr.
    Godfrey felt very much fatigued, and went to sleep. The next day
    the lady who had been the subject of the experiment came of her
    own accord to tell Mr. Godfrey of what she had seen. When asked
    to make a memorandum, she did so in these words: 'Last night I
    awoke with a start, feeling that some one had entered my room. I
    heard, too, a noise which I supposed to be the birds in the ivy
    outside my window. I then experienced a sort of uneasiness, a
    vague desire to leave my room and go down to the lower floor.
    This feeling became so strong that at last I rose, intending to
    take something to quiet myself. Going up to my room again, I met
    Mr. Godfrey standing under the great window which lights the
    staircase. He was dressed as I am accustomed to seeing him, and
    I noticed that he was looking at something very intently. He
    stood there motionless while I held up the lamp and looked at
    him in astonishment. This lasted three or four seconds, after
    which I continued my way upstairs. He disappeared. I was not
    frightened, but very much agitated, and could not go to sleep
    again.' Mr. Godfrey thought, very sensibly, that the experiment
    which he had tried would have much more importance if it were
    repeated. A second attempt failed, but the third was successful.
    Of course the lady upon whom he operated was not apprised of his
    intention any more than on the first occasion. 'Last night,' she
    writes, 'Tuesday, December 7th, I retired to bed at half-past
    ten, and was soon asleep. Suddenly I heard a voice, which said,
    "Wake up," and I felt a hand touch the left side of my head.
    [Mr. Godfrey's intention this time was to make her feel his
    presence by voice and touch.] In an instant I was thoroughly
    awake. There was a curious noise, like a jews-harp, in the
    chamber. I felt, too, a cold breath, which seemed to envelop me.
    My heart began to beat violently, and I distinctly saw a figure
    leaning over me. The only light in the room came from a lamp
    outside, making a long stream of light over the toilet-table;
    this was darkened by the figure. I turned quickly, and it seemed
    as if the hand fell from my head to the pillow beside me. The
    figure was bent over me, and I felt it rest against the edge of
    the bed. I saw the arm on the pillow all the time. I could see
    the profile of the face but dimly, as if through a haze; it
    might have been about a minute and a half. The figure had
    slightly pushed back the curtain, but I noticed this morning
    that it hung as usual. There is no doubt that the figure was Mr.
    Godfrey's. I recognized him by the turn of the shoulders and the
    shape of the face. All the time that he was there, a current of
    cold air blew through the room as if the two windows had been
    open.'"

These are _facts_!

In the present condition of our knowledge it would be absolutely
foolhardy to seek to explain them; our psychology is not yet far enough
advanced. There are a great many things which we are forced to admit,
without the power to explain them in any way. To deny what we cannot
explain would be pure folly. Could any one explain the world's system a
thousand years ago? Even now, can we explain attraction? But science
moves, and its progress will be endless.

Do we know the whole extent of the human faculties? The thinker cannot
for a moment doubt that there may be forces in Nature still unknown to
us,--as, for example, electricity was less than a century ago,--or that
there may be other beings in the universe, endowed with other senses and
faculties. But is terrestrial man entirely known to us? It does not seem
so. There are facts whose reality we are forced to admit, with no power
whatever to explain them.

Swedenborg's life offers three of this nature. Let us put aside for a
moment planetary and sidereal visions, which appear more subjective than
objective. We will remark, by the way, that Swedenborg was a savant of
the first order in geology, mineralogy, and crystallography; a member of
the Academy of Sciences of Upsala, of Stockholm, and of St. Petersburg;
and we will content ourselves with recalling the three following facts.

[Illustration]

The 19th of July, 1759, this philosopher landed at Gothenburg on his
return from a journey to England, and went to dine with a certain
William Costel, where there was quite a large company. At six o' clock
in the evening Swedenborg, who had gone out, came back to the
drawing-room pale and anxious; he said a great fire had at that moment
broken out at Stockholm at the Südermoln, in the street in which he
lived, and that the fire was spreading rapidly towards his house. He
went out again and returned, lamenting that a friend's house had just
been reduced to ashes, and that his own was in the greatest danger. At
eight o'clock, after being out again, he said joyfully, "Thanks be to
God, the fire has been extinguished at the third house from mine!"

The news of this spread throughout the city, which was all the more
excited because the governor gave it attention, and many people were
anxious for their property or friends. Two days afterwards the royal
messenger brought a report of the fire from Stockholm; there was no
disagreement between his account and that which Swedenborg had given.
The fire had been extinguished at eight o'clock.

This anecdote was written by the celebrated Emmanuel Kant, who had
desired to make an inquiry into the facts, and who adds, "What can be
alleged against the authenticity of this occurrence?"

Now, Gothenburg is two hundred kilometres from Stockholm. Swedenborg was
then in his seventy-second year.

Here is the second fact:--

In 1761 Madame de Marteville, widow of a minister from Holland to
Stockholm, received a demand for the sum of twenty-five thousand Dutch
florins (ten thousand dollars), from one of her husband's creditors whom
she knew her husband had paid, and a second payment of which would
greatly embarrass, almost ruin her. It was impossible to find the
receipt. She went to see Swedenborg, and a week later she saw her
husband in a dream; he showed her the piece of furniture in which the
receipt had been placed, together with a hairpin set with twenty
diamonds, which she also believed to be lost. "It was at two o'clock in
the morning. Greatly elated, she rose, and found everything at the place
indicated. Going back to bed, she slept until nine o'clock. About eleven
o'clock, M. de Swedenborg was announced. He told her that he saw M. de
Marteville's spirit the night before, and that he informed him that he
was going to his widow."

And now for the third fact.

[Illustration]

In the month of February, 1772, being in London, Swedenborg sent a note
to the Rev. John Wesley (founder of the Wesleyan sect), telling him that
he should be very glad to make his acquaintance. The zealous preacher
received the note just as he was setting out on a journey, and replied
that he should profit by the gracious permission to visit him, on his
return, which would be in about six months. Swedenborg answered him
"that in that case they would never see each other in this world, as
the 29th of the next month was to be the day of his death."

Swedenborg really died on the date mentioned by himself more than a
month beforehand.

These are three facts whose authenticity it is impossible to doubt, but
which in our present condition of knowledge no one would be able to
explain.

We might multiply these _authentic_ accounts indefinitely. Facts
analogous to those already mentioned of communications from a distance,
whether at the moment of death or in the normal condition of life, are
not so rare--without, however, being very frequent--but that every one
of our readers may have heard such cited, or perhaps have observed them
himself in more than one instance. Besides, experiments made in the
realms of magnetism show also that under certain ascertained
psychological conditions an experimenter can act upon his subject not
only at the distance of a few metres, but of several kilometres, and
even of more than a hundred kilometres, according to the sensitiveness
of the subject, as well as to the intensity of the magnetizer's will.
Moreover, space is not what we suppose. The distance from Paris to
London is great for a walker, and was even insurmountable before the
invention of boats; it is nothing for electricity. The distance from the
Earth to the Moon is great for our present modes of locomotion; it is
nothing for attraction. In fact, from an absolute point of view, the
space which separates us from Sirius is not a greater part of infinity
than the distance from Paris to Versailles, or from your left eye to
your right.

There is more yet; the separation which seems to us to exist between the
Earth and the Moon, or between the Earth and Mars, or even between the
Earth and Sirius, is only an illusion due to the insufficiency of our
perceptions. The Moon acts constantly upon the Earth, and moves it
perpetually. The attraction of Mars for our planet is equally acute, and
we in our turn disturb Mars in its course in submitting to the influence
of the Moon. We act upon the Sun itself, and make it move as if we
touched it. By virtue of attraction, the Moon causes the Earth to turn
every month around their common centre of gravity,--a point which
travels one thousand seven hundred kilometres below the surface of the
globe. The Earth causes the Sun to turn annually around their common
centre of gravity, situated four hundred and fifty-six kilometres from
the solar centre; all the worlds act upon each other perpetually, so
that there is no isolation, no real separation, between them. Instead of
being a void separating the worlds from one another, space is rather a
connecting link. Now, if attraction thus establishes a real, perpetual,
active, and indisputable communication between the Earth and its sisters
in immensity, as proved by the precision of astronomical observations,
we do not see by what right pretended positivists can declare that no
communication can be possible between two beings, more or less distant
from each other, either on the Earth or in two different worlds.

Cannot two brains that vibrate in unison at a distance of many
kilometres be moved by the same psychic force? Cannot the emotion which
starts from a brain reach a brain vibrating at no matter what distance,
just as sound crosses a room, making the strings of a piano or violin
vibrate?

Do not forget that our brains are composed of molecules which do not
touch, and which are in constant vibration. And why speak of brains?
Cannot thought, will, psychic force, whatever its nature may be, act on
a being to whom it is attached by the sympathetic and indissoluble ties
of intellectual relationship? Do not the palpitations of a heart
suddenly transmit themselves to the heart which beats in unison with
ours? Are we to admit in the cases of apparitions noted above that the
mind of the dead has really assumed a corporeal form when near the
observer? In the greater part of the cases this hypothesis does not seem
necessary. In our dreams we think we see persons who are not before our
closed eyes at all. We see them perfectly, as well as in broad daylight;
we speak to them, converse with them. Surely it is neither our retina
nor our optic nerve which sees them, any more than our ear hears them.
Our cerebral cells alone are concerned in it.

Certain apparitions may be objective, exterior, and substantial; others
may be subjective,--in that case the being who manifests himself would
act from a distance on the being who sees, and this influence on his
brain would determine the interior vision which appears exterior, as in
dreams, but may be purely subjective and interior. Just as a thought, a
memory, may arouse an image in our minds which may be very distinct and
very vivid, just so one intelligence acting upon another may make an
image appear in him which will for a moment give him the illusion of
reality. It is not the retina which is affected by a positive reality,
it is the optic thalami of the brain which are excited. In what way? The
present state of our physiological and psychological knowledge does not
yet teach us that.

Such are the most rational inductions which it seems possible to
derive from the phenomena to which we have just been giving our
attention,--unexplained, but very old phenomena; for the histories of
all peoples, from the highest antiquity, have preserved examples of it
which it would be very difficult to deny or efface. But it will be
asked, ought we, can we, admit in our age of experimental methods and
positive science that a dying or even a dead man can communicate with
any one? What is a dead man?

A human being dies every second on the whole terrestrial globe; that is,
eighty-six thousand four hundred per day, about thirty-one millions per
year, or more than three milliards per century. In ten centuries more
than thirty milliards of corpses have been committed to the earth and
given back to general circulation under the form of various
products,--water, gas, etc. If we keep an account of the diminution of
human population as we count up the historic ages, we find that for ten
thousand years, _at least two hundred milliards of human bodies have
been formed from the earth and from the atmosphere by respiration and
nourishment, and have returned to it_. Molecules of oxygen, hydrogen,
carbonic acid, and nitrogen, which have constituted these bodies, have
enriched the earth and been given back to atmospheric circulation.

Yes, the Earth we inhabit is now formed partly of the milliards of
brains which have thought, the milliards of organisms who have lived. We
walk over the remains of our ancestors as our descendants will walk over
ours. The brows of thinkers; eyes which have looked, smiled, and wept;
mouths which have sung of love, rosy lips, and marble bosoms; mothers'
flesh and blood; the arms of toilers; the muscles of men, good and
bad,--all who have lived, all who have thought, lie in the same earth.
It would be difficult now to take a single step on the planet without
walking on the remains of the dead; it would be difficult to breathe
without inhaling the breath of the dead. The constructive elements of
the body draw upon Nature and are returned to Nature, and each one of us
bears in himself atoms which have formerly belonged to other bodies.

Ah, well! Do you think that can be all of humanity? Do you think it may
not have left something nobler, grander, and more spiritual? Does each
of us give the universe, when we breathe our last, nothing but sixty or
eighty kilos of flesh and bone which will disintegrate and return to the
elements? Does not the soul which animates us endure by the same right
as each molecule of oxygen or nitrogen or iron? And all the souls that
have lived, do they not still exist?

We have no right to affirm that man is composed solely of material
elements, and that the thinking faculty is only one property of the
organization. On the contrary, we have the strongest reasons for
admitting that the soul is an individual entity, that it is that which
governs the molecules to organize the living form of the human body.

What becomes of the invisible and intangible molecules which have
composed our body during life? They will belong to new bodies. What
becomes of the equally invisible and intangible souls? It may be thought
that they also reincarnate themselves in new organisms, each in
accordance with its nature, its faculties, and its destiny.

The soul belongs to the psychic world. Doubtless there is on the Earth
an innumerable quantity of souls, still heavy and coarse, barely freed
from matter, and incapable of conceiving intellectual realities. But
there are others who live in study, in contemplation, in the culture of
the psychic or spiritual world. Those cannot remain imprisoned on the
Earth, and their destiny is to live the Uranian life.

The Uranian soul, even during its terrestrial incarnations, lives in the
world of the absolute and divine. It knows that, though dwelling on the
Earth, it is really in heaven, and that our planet is a star of heaven.

What is the inner nature of the soul? What are its ways of
manifestation? When does its memory become permanent, and maintain with
certainty a conscious identity? Under what variety of forms and
substances can it live? What extent of space can it overcome? What is
the order of intellectual relationship which exists among the different
planets of the same system? What is the germinating force which sows the
world with seed? When can we put ourselves in communication with the
neighboring earths? When shall we penetrate the profound secret of
destiny? Mystery and ignorance to-day. _But the unknown of yesterday is
the truth of to-morrow._

[Illustration]

It is an historic and scientific fact, and absolutely incontestable,
that in all ages, among all peoples, and under the most diverse
religious manifestations, the idea of immortality rests invulnerable at
the base of human consciousness. Education has given it a thousand
forms, but did not invent it. It exists of itself. Every human being
coming into the world brings with him, under a form more or less vague,
this inner feeling, this desire, this hope.




[Illustration]

II.

ITER EXTATICUM COELESTE.


The hours and days that I devoted to the study of these psychological
and telepathical questions did not prevent my observing Mars through the
telescope, and taking geographical drawings of it, every time that our
atmosphere, so often cloudy, would permit. Besides, it may be realized
that while in the study of Nature and in science all questions are
related to each other, yet that astronomy and psychology are most
closely united to each other, since the psychic universe has the
material world for its habitat, while astronomy has for its object the
study of the regions of eternal life, and we could form no idea of these
regions if we did not know them astronomically. In fact, whether we know
it or not, we are living now, at this moment, in heavenly regions, and
all beings, whatever they may be, are eternally citizens of heaven. It
was not without a secret divination of things that antiquity made Urania
the Muse of all the sciences.

My mind had been occupied with the planet Mars for a long time, when one
day, in a solitary ramble on the edge of a wood, after several hours of
July heat, I seated myself at the foot of a clump of oak-trees, and was
not long in dropping off to sleep.

The heat was overpowering, the landscape silent, the Seine seemed quiet
as a canal at the bottom of the valley. I was strangely surprised on
waking up after a few minutes' nap at no longer recognizing the
landscape nor the trees, nor the river flowing at the foot of the hill,
nor the undulating meadows which stretched far away to the distant
horizon. The setting sun was smaller than we are accustomed to see it,
the air thrilled with harmonious sounds unknown to Earth, and insects
as large as birds were fluttering about on the leafless trees, which
were covered with gigantic red flowers. Astonishment made me spring up
with so energetic a bound that I found myself on my feet feeling
singularly light and buoyant. I had taken but a few steps before it
seemed to me that more than half the weight of my body had evaporated
during my sleep. This inner sensation struck me even more forcibly than
the metamorphosis of Nature spread out before me.

I could hardly believe my eyes or senses. Besides, my eyes were not at
all the same. I did not hear in the same way, and I realized at once
that my organization had developed several new senses quite different
from those of our terrestrial body, especially a magnetic sense, by
which one being can communicate with another without the necessity of
translating thoughts audibly by words. This sense reminds one of the
magnetic needle, which, from a cellar in the Paris Observatory, starts
and shivers when an aurora borealis appears in Siberia, or when an
electric explosion breaks out in the Sun.

The orb of day had just sunk in a distant lake, and the rosy gleams of
twilight were hovering far down the sky, like a last dream of light. Two
moons were beginning to shed their rays at different heights: the first,
a crescent, hung over the lake in whose bosom the Sun had disappeared;
the second, in its first quarter, was much higher, and towards the east.
They were very small, and but distantly resembled the immense torch of
our earthly nights. It seemed as if they shed their bright but feeble
rays regretfully. I looked from one to the other in utter bewilderment.
Perhaps the strangest thing in all this strange spectacle was that the
western moon, which was about three times as large as its companion in
the east, although five times smaller than our terrestrial moon,
travelled through the sky with a motion very easy to follow with the
eye, and seemed to speed quickly from right to left to join its
celestial sister in the west.

A third moon, or rather a brilliant star, could also be seen in the last
beams of the setting Sun, which were dying away. Smaller than the
smallest of the satellites, it showed no appreciable disk, but its light
was dazzling. It looked out from the evening sky as Venus in her most
brilliant season beams in our own heavens, when the "shepherd's star"
reigns like a queen over balmy evenings in spring, and weaves the fabric
of happy dreams.

The more brilliant stars were already lighting up the sky. I recognized
Arcturus with its golden rays, Vega so white and pure, the seven stars
of the Septentrion, and several of the zodiacal constellations. The
evening star, the new vesper, was shining in the constellation of the
Fishes. After having studied its position in the heavens for a few
moments, and finding out by the constellations where I was myself; after
examining the two satellites and reflecting on the lightness of my own
body,--I was convinced that I was on the planet Mars, and that the
beautiful evening star was--the Earth!

       *       *       *       *       *

[Illustration]

My eyes rested on it with that feeling of mournful love which thrills
the fibres of our hearts when our thoughts fly away to a beloved object
from whom we are separated by cruel distance; for a long time I looked
at that fatherland where so many different feelings meet and jostle each
other, and I thought,--

"What a pity it is that the numberless human beings living on that
little habitation do not know where they are! That little Earth is most
beautiful thus lighted up by the Sun, with its microscopic moon which
looks like a speck beside it. Borne through the invisible by the divine
laws of attraction, a floating atom in the harmony of the skies, it
fills its place and hovers overhead like an angelic island! But its
inhabitants are unaware of it! Singular humanity! They find the Earth
too wide, so divide themselves up into flocks, and spend their time
shooting one another. In that angelic isle there are as many soldiers as
there are male inhabitants; they are all in arms against one another,
and think it glorious to change the names of countries and the colors
of flags, when it would have been so simple a matter to live peacefully.
War is the favorite occupation of its nations, and the primordial
education of the people. Aside from that, they spend their existence in
adoring matter. They do not appreciate intellectual worth, are
indifferent to the most wonderful problems of creation, and live an
objectless life! What a pity! A citizen of Paris who had never heard the
city's name mentioned, nor that of France, would not be more of a
stranger than they in their own country. Ah! if they could but see the
Earth from here! How delighted they would be to return to it, and how
transformed all their ideas would be, both general and individual! Then
they would at least know the land they live in; it would be a
beginning,--they would study progressively the sublime truths about it,
instead of vegetating under a horizonless fog, and after a while they
would live the true life, the intellectual life."

[Illustration]

       *       *       *       *       *

"What honor he pays it! One would think he had left friends in that
prison yonder!"

I had not spoken, but I distinctly heard this sentence, which seemed
like a reply to my inward conversation. Two of the dwellers upon Mars
were looking at and had understood me, by virtue of that sixth sense of
magnetic perception to which I before alluded. I was somewhat confused,
and, I must confess, deeply wounded, by this apostrophe. "After all," I
thought, "I love the Earth; it is my country, and I am patriotic." My
two neighbors both began to laugh.

"Yes," answered one of them, with unexpected good-nature, "you are
patriotic; any one might know that you have just come from the Earth."

And the elder added,--

"Let your compatriots alone. They will never be any more intelligent or
less blind than they are now. They have been there eighty thousand years
already, and you yourself acknowledge that they are not yet capable of
thinking. It is really very absurd of you to look at the Earth with such
sorrowful eyes. It is too foolish."

Dear reader, have you not, in your journey through the world, sometimes
met men who were puffed up with imperturbable pride, and who thought
themselves sincerely and unquestionably above all the rest of the world?
When these proud personages find themselves face to face with anything
superior, they are instantly hostile to it, they cannot endure it. Very
well. In the preceding dithyramb (of which you have had but a very poor
translation), I felt myself greatly superior to earthly humanity, since
I felt pity for it, and invoked for it better days. But when these two
inhabitants of Mars pitied me, and I thought I discovered in them a cold
superiority to myself, I was for a moment like these foolish, proud
people. My blood gave one bound, and, restraining myself by a remnant of
French politeness, I opened my mouth to say,--

"After all, gentlemen, the inhabitants of the Earth are not as stupid as
you appear to think, but are worth perhaps more than you."

Unfortunately they did not give me time to begin my sentence, inasmuch
as they had understood it all while it was being formed by the vibration
of the substance of the brain.

[Illustration]

"Permit me to remark at once," said the younger, "that your planet is an
absolute failure, in consequence of an occurrence which happened about
ten million years ago. It was at the time of the primary period of the
earthly genesis. There were plants already, and very fine plants too;
the first animals were beginning to appear in the depths of the sea and
along the shores,--mollusks that were headless, deaf, mute, and without
sex. You know that respiration is all a tree requires for its entire
nourishment, and that your most robust oaks, your most gigantic cedars,
have never eaten anything, and that that has not prevented their growth.
They are nourished solely by respiration. Misfortune, Fatality, had
willed that a drop of water thicker than the surrounding medium should
pass through one of the mollusks. Perhaps he liked it. That was the
first digestive tube, which was to exert so baleful an effect on the
entire animal kingdom, and later on mankind itself. The first murderer
was the mollusk who ate. Here we do not eat, have never eaten, and never
shall eat. Creation is developing itself gradually, peacefully, and
nobly, as it began. Organisms are nourished; or, to express it
differently, renew their molecules by a simple respiration, like your
terrestrial trees, each leaf of which is a little stomach. In your
precious country you can live a single day only on condition of killing.
With you, the law of life is the law of death. Here, the idea of
killing even a bird has never occurred to any one.

[Illustration]

"You are all more or less butchers. Your hands are stained with blood,
your stomachs are gorged with food. How can you expect to have
wholesome, pure, elevated ideas,--I will even say (excuse my frankness)
clean ideas,--with such coarse organisms? What souls could live in such
bodies? Reflect a moment, and do not soothe yourself any more with blind
illusions, too ideal for such a world."

"What!" I cried, interrupting him, "do you deny us the possibility of
having clean ideas? Do you take human beings for animals? Have Homer,
Plato, Phidias, Seneca, Virgil, Dante, Columbus, Bacon, Galileo, Pascal,
Leonardo, Raphael, Mozart, Beethoven, never had lofty aspirations? You
think our bodies coarse and repulsive; if you had seen Helen, Phryne,
Aspasia, Sappho, Cleopatra, Lucretia Borgia, Agnes Sorel, Diane de
Poitiers, Marguerite de Valois, Borghese, Talien, Récamier, Georges, and
their charming rivals, you would perhaps think differently. Ah, my dear
Martial, let me in my turn regret that you know the Earth only from
afar."

"You are mistaken there; I lived in that world for fifty years. That was
enough for me, and I assure you I would not return to it again.
Everything is a failure there, even--what seems most delightful to you.
Do you imagine that in all the earths of heaven the flowers produce the
fruits of the same sorts? Would not that be a little cruel? As for me, I
like primroses and rosebuds."

"Well, but still," I answered, "notwithstanding all that, there have
been great minds on the Earth, and creatures really worthy of
admiration. May we not comfort ourselves with the hope that physical
and moral beauty will go on perfecting themselves more and more as
they have done hitherto, and that intelligence will enlighten itself
progressively? We do not spend all our time eating. Men will surely end,
in spite of their material labors, by giving up a few hours every day to
the development of their understanding. Then probably they will no
longer continue to manufacture little gods in their own image; and
perhaps also they will abolish their childish boundaries, so that
harmony and fraternity may reign."

[Illustration]

"No, my friend, for if they wished it, they could do so now; but they
are very careful not to. Terrestrial man is a little animal who on the
one hand feels no need of thinking, not even having independence of
soul, and who on the other likes to fight, and squarely establishes
right by might. Such is his good pleasure, and such is his nature. You
will never make peaches grow on a thorn-bush. Remember that the most
exquisite beauties, to whom you alluded just now, are but coarse
monsters compared to the aerial women of Mars, who live on our spring
air, the perfume of our flowers, and are so captivating in the very
quivering of their wings, in the ideal kiss of a mouth which has never
eaten, that if Dante's Beatrice had been of such a nature, the immortal
Florentine would never have been able to write two of the parts of his
'Divine Comedy;' he would have begun with Paradise, and could never have
left it. Reflect that our youths have as much innate science as
Pythagoras, Archimedes, Euclid, Kepler, Newton, Laplace, and Darwin
after all their laborious studies; our twelve senses put us in direct
communication with the universe; we feel from here Jupiter's attraction
as he passes, a hundred million leagues away. We see the rings of Saturn
with the naked eye, we detect the coming of a comet, and our body is
impregnated with the solar electricity which puts all Nature in
vibration. Here there has never been either religious fanaticism or
executioners, or martyrs or international divisions or wars, but from
the first, humanity, naturally peaceful, and freed from all material
needs, has lived independent in body and mind, in a constant
intellectual activity, raising itself unhindered to the knowledge of the
truth. But come over here."

[Illustration]

       *       *       *       *       *

I walked a few steps on the mountain-top with my new acquaintances, and
coming in sight of the other slope, I saw multitudes of different
colored lights flitting about in the air. It was the inhabitants, who,
when they desire it, become luminous at night. Aerial cars, apparently
formed of phosphorescent flowers, were carrying orchestras and choruses;
one of them passed us, and we took our places in it, in the midst of a
cloud of perfumes. The sensations which I experienced were singularly
unlike any which I had ever felt on the Earth, and this first night on
Mars passed like a rapid dream; for the dawn found me still in the
aerial car conversing with my entertainers, their friends, and their
indescribably lovely companions. What a panorama with the rising sun!
Flowers, fruits, perfumes, fairy-like palaces rose on the islands with
their orange vegetation; the waters stretched themselves out like limpid
mirrors, and joyous aerial couples were whirling down to these
enchanting shores. There, all material work is done by machines, and
directed by a few perfected races of animals whose intelligence is very
nearly of the same order as that of mankind on the Earth. The
inhabitants live only for and by the mind; their nervous system has
reached such a degree of development that each one of these beings, at
once very delicate and very strong, seems an electric battery, and their
most sensual impressions, felt more by their souls than their bodies,
surpass a hundredfold all those that our five terrestrial senses
together could ever offer us. A kind of summer palace illuminated by the
rays of the rising Sun opened beneath our aerial gondola. My neighbor,
whose wings were fluttering with impatience, placed her delicate foot
upon a tuft of flowers which rose between two jets of perfume. "Will you
return to the Earth?" she asked, holding out her arms to me.

"Never," I cried, springing towards her.

       *       *       *       *       *

But at that moment I found myself alone near the wood on the slope of
the hill, at whose feet the Seine was winding with undulating curves.

[Illustration]

"_Never_," I repeated, trying to grasp the sweet, vanished dream once
more. Where had I been? It was beautiful. The Sun had just set, and the
planet Mars, then very brilliant, was already shining in the sky. "Ah!"
I said, as a fugitive beam reached me, "I have been there!" Drawn by the
same attraction, the two neighboring planets are looking at each other
through transparent space. May we not catch a first glimpse of the
eternal journey from this celestial fraternity? The Earth is no longer
alone in the universe. The panoramas of the infinite are beginning to
open themselves out. Whether we live here or near by, we are not the
citizens of a country or of a world, but are in very truth the _Citizens
of Heaven_!




[Illustration]

III.

THE PLANET MARS.


Had I been the plaything of a dream?

Had my spirit really been transported to the planet Mars, or had I been
the dupe of a purely imaginary illusion?

The feeling of reality had been so strong, so intense, and the things I
had seen agreed so perfectly with the scientific notions which we
already possess in regard to the physical nature of the Martial world,
that I could not entertain a doubt on the subject, although amazed at
that ecstatic trip, and asking myself a thousand questions, each one
contradicting the other.

Spero's absence in all that vision puzzled me a little. I still felt so
closely attached to his dear memory that it seemed to me as if I should
have been able to detect his presence, to fly directly to him, see him,
speak to him, hear him. But was not the man hypnotized at Nancy the toy
of his own imagination, or of mine, or of the experimenter's? On the
other hand, even admitting that my two friends had been reincarnated
upon that neighboring planet, I reflected that beings might easily not
meet one another in going about the same city, and in a world the
chances were infinitely less. And yet surely it was not the doctrine of
chances which should be invoked in this case; for such a feeling of
attraction as that which had united us ought to increase the probability
of our meeting, and throw an element into the scale which should
outweigh all the rest.

[Illustration]

Talking thus with myself, I went back to my observatory at Juvisy, where
I had been preparing some electric batteries for an optical experiment
with the tower of Montlhéry. When I had satisfied myself that everything
was in readiness, I left the task of making the signals agreed upon,
between ten and eleven o'clock, to my assistant, and went to the old
tower, where I installed myself an hour later. The night had come. From
the top of the old donjon the horizon is perfectly circular, entirely
free in all its circumference, which extended on a radius of twenty to
twenty-five kilometres all around this central point. A third post of
observation, situated in Paris, was in communication with us. The object
of the experiment was to find out whether the rays of different colors
of the luminous spectrum all travel with the same speed,--300,000
kilometres a second. The result was affirmative.

[Illustration]

The experiments were ended at about eleven o'clock, the starry night was
marvellous, and the moon was beginning to rise. As soon as I had put the
apparatus under cover inside the tower, I went to the upper platform
again, to look at the broad landscape lighted by the first rays of the
waxing moon. The atmosphere was calm, mild, almost warm.

But my foot was still on the last step when I stopped, terror-stricken,
uttering a cry which seemed to die away in my throat. Spero, yes, Spero
himself, was there, before me, seated on the parapet! I threw up my
arms, and felt as if I were going to faint; but he said in his gentle
voice, which I knew so well,--

"Do I frighten you?"

I had not strength enough to reply or to advance, and still I dared to
look at my friend, who was smiling at me. His dear face, lighted by the
moonlight, was just as I had seen it when he left Paris for
Christiania,--young, pleasant, and thoughtful, with a very animated
look. I left the stairs, and felt a strong desire to rush to him and
embrace him; but I dared not, and stood looking at him.

When I had recovered my senses I cried, "Spero, it is you!"

"I was there during your experiments," he replied, "and it was I who
inspired you with the idea of comparing the intense violet with the
intense red, for the speed of the luminous waves; only I was invisible,
like the ultra-violet rays."

"Can it really be so? Let me look at you and feel you."

I passed my hands over his face and body, through his hair, and had
precisely the same impression as if he had been a living being. My
reason refused to admit the testimony of my eyes and hands and ears, yet
I could not doubt that it was really he. There could not be such a
resemblance. And then, too, my doubts would have disappeared at his
first words, for he at once added,--

"My body is at this moment sleeping in Mars."

"So," I said, "you still exist, you are living now, and you know at last
the answer to the great problem that so distressed you? And Icléa?"

"We will have a long talk," he answered; "I have many things to tell
you."

I sat down beside him on the edge of the wide parapet which rises above
the old tower, and this is what I heard.

       *       *       *       *       *

Shortly after the accident at Lake Tyrifiorden he had felt like a man
who awakes from a long and heavy sleep. He was alone in midnight
darkness on the border of a lake; he knew that he was living, but could
neither see nor feel himself. The air did not affect him; he was not
only light, but imponderable. Apparently, what remained of him was
solely his thinking faculty. His first idea on trying to remember was
that he had awakened from his fall by the Norwegian lake; but when the
day broke he saw that he was in another world. The two moons revolving
rapidly in the sky in opposite directions made him surmise that he was
upon our neighbor, the planet Mars, and other evidences soon proved that
he was correct.

He lived there for a while in the spirit state, and recognized there the
presence of a very beautiful humanity, in which the feminine sex reigns
supreme, from an acknowledged superiority over the masculine sex. These
organisms are light and delicate, their density of body very slight,
their weight slighter still. On the surface of this world material force
plays but a secondary part in nature; delicacy of sensation decides
everything. There is a large number of animal species, and several human
races. In all these species and races the feminine sex is stronger and
handsomer (the strength consisting in the superiority of sensation) than
the masculine sex, and it is she who rules the world.

His great desire to know the life before him induced him not to remain
long as an onlooker in the spirit state, but to come to life again under
a corporeal form, and, knowing the organic condition of this planet, in
a feminine form.

Among the terrestrial souls floating about in the atmosphere of Mars he
had already met Icléa's (for souls feel each other), who had followed
him, guided by a constant attraction. She on her part had felt inclined
towards a masculine incarnation. Thus they were reunited, in one of the
most privileged countries in that world, neighbors and predestined to
meet again in life, to share the same emotions, the same thoughts, the
same works; thus, although the memory of their earthly life remained
veiled and as if effaced by the new transformation, yet a vague feeling
of spiritual relationship and an immediate sympathetic attachment had
reunited them as soon as they saw each other. Their psychic superiority,
the nature of their habitual thoughts, their condition of mind,
accustomed to seek ends and causes, had given them both a kind of inward
clairvoyance which freed them from the general ignorance of the living.
They had fallen in love with each other so suddenly, they had yielded so
passively to the magnetic influence of the thunder-clap of their
meeting, that they soon formed but a single being, united as at the time
of their earthly separation. They remembered that they had met before,
and were sure that it must have been on the Earth,--that neighboring
planet which shines in the evening so brilliantly in the sky of Mars;
and sometimes, in their solitary flights over the little hills peopled
with aerial plants, they contemplated the "evening star," trying to
re-tie the broken thread of an interrupted tradition.

An unexpected event explained their reminiscences, and proved that they
were not mistaken.

The inhabitants of Mars are very superior to those of Earth by their
organizations, by the number and delicacy of their senses, and by their
intellectual faculties.

The fact that density is very slight on the surface of that world, and
that the constituent particles of bodies are less heavy there than
here, has permitted the formation of beings of incomparably less weight,
more aerial, more delicate, more sensitive. The fact that the atmosphere
is nutritive has freed Martial organisms from the coarseness of earthly
needs. It is an entirely different state of things. The light there is
less bright, that planet being farther from the Sun than we, and the
optic nerve is more sensitive. Electric and magnetic influences being
very intense, the inhabitants possess senses unknown to terrestrial
organizations,--senses which put them into communication with these
influences. Everything is evenly balanced in Nature. Beings are
everywhere adapted to their surroundings and to the soil from which they
spring. Organisms can no more be earthly on Mars than they could be
aerial at the bottom of the sea. More than that, the condition of
superiority generated by this nature of things is developed of itself by
the facility by which all intellectual work is accomplished. Nature
seems to obey thought. The architect desirous of erecting a building,
the engineer who wants to change the surface of the ground, either to
lower or to raise, to cut down mountains or fill up valleys, does not
strike against material weight and material difficulties, as he does
here. Art, too, has made the most rapid progress from the beginning.

And yet more. Martial humanity, being several hundreds of thousands of
years older than terrestrial humanity, went through all the phases of
its development before we did; our real scientific progress, even the
most transcendent, is but a child's foolish toy, compared to the science
of the inhabitants of that planet. In astronomy, especially, they are
incomparably more advanced than we, and know the Earth much better than
we know their home. They have invented, among other things, a kind of
tele-photographic apparatus, in which a roll of stuff constantly
receives the picture of our world, and is impressed by it unalterably as
it unrolls. An immense museum, devoted especially to the planets of the
solar system, preserves all these photographic pictures, fixed forever
in chronological order.

All the Earth's history is to be found there,--France in the time of
Charlemagne, Greece in the days of Alexander, Egypt under Rameses. By
the microscope the smallest details can be made out, such as Paris
during the French Revolution, Rome under the pontificate of Borgia,
Christopher Columbus's Spanish fleet reaching America, the Francs of
Clovis taking possession of the Gauls, Julius Cæsar's army stopped in
its conquest of England by the tide which washed away his ships, the
troops of King David, the founder of standing armies, as well as most
historic scenes, recognizable from special characters of their own.

One day, when the two friends were visiting the museum, their
reminiscences, which had been thus far very vague, were brightened, like
a landscape at night, by a flash of lightning. Suddenly they
_recognized_ the appearance of Paris during the Exposition of 1867.
Their memory became more definite. They each felt, individually, that
they had lived there; and under this strong impression they also felt
sure that they had lived there together. Their memory gradually grew
clearer, not by interrupted gleams, but rather as the light grows
stronger from the beginning of dawn.

Then they both remembered, as if by inspiration, that sentence of
Scripture: "In my Father's house are many mansions;" and this other,
from Jesus to Nicodemus: "Verily, I say unto thee, except a man be born
again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.... Ye must be born again."

From that day they never doubted their former earthly existence, but
were convinced that they were continuing on the planet Mars the life
they had lived before. They belonged to the cycle of the great minds of
all ages, who know that human destiny does not end with the present
world, but continues in heaven, and who also know that each
planet--Mars, the Earth, or any other--is a star of heaven.

The rather singular fact of the change of sex, which seemed to me to be
very important, was really without any weight whatever. Spero told me
that souls, contrary to our ideas, have no sex, and that their destinies
are the same. I also learned that on that planet, so much less material
than our own, organisms have no resemblance whatever to terrestrial
bodies. Conceptions and births are effected in another way, which
reminds one, but under a more spiritual form, of the fecundation and
blooming of flowers. Pleasure has no bitterness. Heavy earthly burdens
and the anguish of grief are unknown there. Everything there is more
aerial, more ethereal, and less material. The Martials might be called
winged, sentient, living flowers; but in fact no earthly being can serve
as comparison to aid us in imagining their form and manner of existence.

I listened to the translated soul's story almost without interrupting
him, for it seemed to me all the time as if he would disappear as he had
come. However, remembering my dream, of which I had been reminded by the
coincidence of preceding descriptions with what I had seen, I could not
keep from telling my celestial friend of that surprising vision, and
expressing my surprise at not having seen him on my trip to Mars,--a
fact which made me doubt the reality of the journey.

"But," he answered, "I saw you perfectly well, and you both saw and
spoke to me, for it was I."

The tones of his voice were so odd at these last words that I suddenly
recognized in them the melodious voice of the beautiful Martial girl who
had so enchanted me.

"Yes," he answered, "it was I. I was trying to make you know me; but you
were so bewildered by a sight which captivated your mind that you did
not throw off your terrestrial sensations,--you remained sensual and
earthly, you could not rise high enough for pure perception. Yes, it was
I who held out my arms to you in the aerial car to take you down to our
dwelling, when you suddenly awoke."

"But then," I cried, "if you are that Martial maiden, how can you appear
to me in Spero's form, when he no longer exists?"

"I do not act upon your retina or your optic nerve," he replied, "but on
your mental being and your brain. I am in communication with you now; I
influence directly the cerebral seat of your sensation. My mental being
is really formless, like yours and that of all other souls. But when I
put myself in direct relation with your thought, as at this moment, you
can see me only as you knew me. It is the same during your dreams; that
is to say, during more than a quarter of your terrestrial life,--for
twenty years out of seventy,--you see, you hear, you speak, you feel,
with the same impression, the same clearness, the same certainty as
during your normal life; and yet your eyes are closed, your tympanum is
insensible, your mouth is mute, your arms are stretched out motionless.
It is the same, too, in cases of suggestion, in conditions of hypnotic
somnambulism. You see me and hear me, you feel me, too, by your brain,
which is under influence; but I am no more in the form which you see
than the rainbow exists in the presence of the eyes that look at it."

"Could you also appear to me in your Martial form?"

"No,--at least not unless you were really transported in spirit to that
planet. There would then be quite a different mode of communication. In
our conversation here, everything is subjective to you. The elements of
my Martial form do not exist in the terrestrial atmosphere, and your
brain could not imagine them. You can see me to-day only through the
medium of your dream; but as soon as you try to analyze its details it
will vanish away. You did not see us exactly as we are, because your
mind can judge only by your earthly eyes, which are not sensitive to all
our radiations, and because you do not possess all our senses."

"I must confess," I answered, "that I cannot understand your Martial
beings as having six limbs."

"If these forms were not so graceful, they would have seemed frightful
to you; the organisms in each world are most appropriate to its
conditions of existence. I acknowledge, on my part, that to the
inhabitants of Mars the Apollo Belvedere and the Venus de Médicis are
actual monstrosities, on account of their animal heaviness.

[Illustration]

"Everything with us is exquisitely light, although our planet is much
smaller than yours; yet the beings are larger than here, because the
weight is less, and beings can grow taller without being impeded by
their weight or imperilling their stability.

"They are larger and lighter, because the constructive materials of that
planet are of very little density. What would have happened on the Earth
if the weight had not been so great, has happened there. The winged
species would have ruled over the world, instead of dwindling away in
impossibility of development. On Mars, organic development is effected
in the series of winged species. Martial humanity is indeed a race of
sextupedal origin; but it is actually bipedal, bimanous, and what might
be called _bialic_, since these beings have two wings.

[Illustration]

"Their manner of life is totally different from terrestrial life, in the
first place because they live in the air and on aerial plants as much
as they do on the surface of the ground; and further, because they do
not eat, the atmosphere being nutritive. Passions are not the same
there. Murder is unknown. Humanity, being without material needs, has
never lived there, even in the primitive ages, in the barbarity of
rapine and war. The ideas and feelings of the inhabitants of Mars are of
an entirely intellectual nature.

"Nevertheless, in dwelling on this planet, analogies at least, if not
resemblances, are to be found. Thus, there is a succession of night and
day there as on the Earth, which does not differ essentially from what
you have, the duration of night and day being 24 hours, 39 minutes, 35
seconds. As there are 668 of these days in a Martial year, we have more
time than you for our work, our investigations, and our enjoyments. Our
seasons, too, are almost twice as long as yours, but they have the same
intensity. The climates are not very different; a country in Mars, on
the shores of the equatorial sea, differs less from the climate of
France than Lapland differs from Nubia.

"An inhabitant of the Earth would not feel so very foreign. The greatest
difference between the two worlds certainly consists in the great
superiority of their humanity over yours.

"This superiority is principally due to the great progress realized by
astronomical science and to the universal propagation among the
inhabitants of that planet of that science, without which one has but
false ideas of life, of creation, and of destiny. We are very much
favored, as much by the acuteness of our senses as by the purity of our
skies. There is much less water on Mars than on the Earth, and fewer
clouds. The sky there is almost always fair, especially in the temperate
zone."

"But still you often have inundations."

"Yes; and quite recently your telescopes have noticed one along the
shores of a sea to which your colleagues have given a name which will
always be dear to me, even when far from the Earth. The greater part of
our shores are beaches, level plains. We have few mountains, and our
seas are not deep. The inhabitants make use of these overflows for
irrigating great stretches of country. They have straightened and
enlarged the watercourses and made them like canals, and have
constructed a network of immense canals all over the continents. The
continents themselves are not bristling all over with Alpine or
Himalayan upheavals like those of the terrestrial globe, but are
_immense plains_, crossed in all directions by canals, which connect all
the seas with one another, and by streams made to resemble canals.
Formerly there was as much water on Mars, in proportion to the size of
the planet, as on the Earth; gradually, from age to age, a part of the
rain-water sank into the depths of the soil and did not return to the
surface. It combined itself chemically with the rocks, and was withdrawn
from atmospheric circulation. Then, too, from age to age, rains, snows,
and winds, winter frosts and summer droughts, have disintegrated the
mountains, and the watercourses, bringing fragments to the sea-basins,
have gradually raised their beds. We have no more large oceans or deep
seas,--nothing but inland waters; many straits, gulfs, and seas
analogous to the Channel, the Red Sea, the Adriatic, the Baltic, and the
Caspian; pleasant shores, quiet harbors, large lakes and streams, aerial
rather than aquatic fleets, an almost always clear sky, especially in
the morning. There are no mornings on Earth so luminous as ours.

"The meteorological system differs materially from that of the Earth,
because, the atmosphere being more rarified, the waters which move over
the surface evaporate more easily, and then because in condensing again,
instead of forming clouds that last, they pass almost without transition
from the gaseous to the liquid state. There are few clouds and few fogs.

"Astronomy is cultivated there on account of the clearness of the
heavens. We have two satellites, whose courses would appear strange to
earthly astronomers, for while one of them gives us months of a hundred
and thirty hours, or five Martial days, plus eight hours, the other, by
a combination of its motion with the daily rotation of the planet, rises
in the occident and sets in the orient, crossing the sky from west to
east in five hours and a half, and passing from one phase to the other
in less than three hours. That spectacle is unique in the whole solar
system, and has done much to attract the attention of the inhabitants to
the study of the sky. Besides that, we have eclipses of the moon almost
every day, but never total eclipses of the Sun, because our satellites
are too small.

"The Earth looks to us as Venus looks to you. To us it is the morning
and evening star; and in old times, before the invention of optical
instruments, which have taught us that it is a planet, dwelt upon like
ours, but by an inferior race, our ancestors worshipped it as a tutelary
divinity. All worlds have a mythology during their centuries of infancy,
and this mythology has for its origin, its foundation, and its object
the appearance of the celestial bodies.

"Sometimes the Earth, accompanied by the Moon, passes between us and the
Sun, and projects itself upon its disk like a little black spot,
attended by a still smaller one. Every one there follows these celestial
phenomena with curiosity. Our newspapers think more of science than of
theatres, literary fancies, or political quarrels.

"The Sun looks smaller to us, and we receive a little less light and
heat from it; our more sensitive eyes see better than yours. The
temperature is a little higher."

"How can that be?" said I. "You are farther from the Sun, yet are warmer
than we?"

"Chamounix is a little farther from noonday sun than Mont Blanc," he
answered. "The distance from the Sun does not alone regulate the
temperature, you must also take into account the constitution of the
atmosphere. Our polar ice melts under our summer sun more entirely than
yours."

"What lands in Mars are most populous?"

"There is very little, except the polar regions (where, from the Earth,
you see the snow and ice melt every spring), which is uninhabited. The
population of the temperate regions is very dense, but in the equatorial
lands it is more so; the population there is as dense as in China,--and
especially the sea-coasts, notwithstanding the inundations. A large
number of cities are built almost on the water, suspended in the air in
some way above the overflows, which are calculated and expected
beforehand."

"Are your arts and your industries like ours? Have you railways,
steamships, the telegraph, and the telephone?"

"It is all quite different. We have never had either steam or railways,
because we have always known of electricity, and aerial navigation is
natural to us. Our fleets are moved by electricity, and are more aerial
than aquatic. We live principally in the air, and have no homes of
stone, iron, or wood. We do not experience the rigors of winter,
because no one stays exposed to them. Those who do not dwell in the
equatorial countries emigrate every autumn, just as your birds do. It
would be very difficult for you to form an exact idea of our manner of
life."

"Are there many human beings on Mars who have already lived on the
Earth?"

"No; among the inhabitants of your planet the greater part are either
ignorant, sceptical, or indifferent, and are unprepared for the
spiritual life. They are attached to the Earth, and their attachment
lasts for a long time. Many souls sleep completely. Those which act,
live, and aspire to know the truth, are the only ones called to
conscious immortality, the only ones whom the spirit-world interests,
and who are capable of understanding it. These souls can leave the Earth
and live in other lands. Many come and live for a while on Mars (the
first stage of an ultra-terrestrial journey, going from the Sun), or on
Venus, the first abode going the other way; but Venus is a world
analogous to the Earth, and still less favored, on account of its too
rapid seasons, which oblige its inhabitants to suffer the most sudden
changes of temperature. Certain spirits wing their way at once to the
starry regions. As you know, space has no existence. To sum up, justice
reigns in the moral world as equilibrium does in the physical world; and
the destiny of souls is but the perpetual result of their capabilities,
their aspirations, and consequently of _their works_. The Uranian way is
open to all; but the soul becomes truly Uranian only when it has
entirely shaken off the weight of material life. The day will come, even
on your planet, when there will be no other belief, no other religion,
than the knowledge of the universe and the certainty of immortality in
its infinite regions, in its eternal domain."

"What a strange thing," said I, "that no one on the Earth should know
these sublime truths! No one looks at the sky; we live as though our
little isle alone existed in the universe."

"Terrestrial humanity is young," answered Spero. "You must not despair.
It is a child, and still in primitive ignorance. It is amused at
trifles, and obeys masters of its own giving. You like to divide
yourselves into nations, to trick yourselves out in national costumes,
and to exterminate each other to music! Then you raise statues to those
who have led you to butchery. You ruin yourselves, you commit suicide,
and yet you cannot live without wresting your daily bread from the
Earth. That is a sad condition of things, but one which fully satisfies
the greater part of the dwellers on your planet. If some of them, with
higher aspirations, think occasionally of problems of the higher order,
of the nature of the soul or the existence of God, the result has been
no better, because they have put their souls outside of Nature, and have
invented strange, horrible gods, who never existed except in their
perverted imaginations, and in whose name they have committed all kinds
of outrages against the human conscience, have blessed all crimes, and
bound weak minds in a slavery from which it will be difficult for them
to escape. The lowest animal on Mars is better, finer, gentler, more
intelligent, and greater than the god of the armies of David,
Constantine, Charlemagne, and all your crowned assassins. There is
therefore nothing surprising in the coarseness and stupidity of
terrestrial humanity. But the law of progress governs the world. You are
more advanced than at the period of your ancestors of the stone age,
whose wretched existence was spent in fighting night and day with
ferocious beasts. In a few thousands of years you will be more advanced
than you are now. Then Urania will reign in your hearts."

"It would require a brutal material fact to teach and convince human
beings. If, for instance, we could some day enter into communication
with the neighboring world which you inhabit, not into physical
communication with one isolated person of it, as I am now doing, but
with the planet itself, by hundreds and thousands of witnesses, that
would be a gigantic stride towards progress."

"You could do it now if you chose, for we Martials are all prepared for
it, and have even tried it many times. But you have never replied to us.
Solar reflections, showing geometrical figures on our vast plains, prove
to you that we exist. You could reply to us by like figures also
displayed on your plains, either during the day by the sun, or during
the night by the electric light. But you never even think of it; and if
some one should propose to try it, your courts would interpose to
prevent it, for the very idea is immeasurably too high for the general
approval of the denizens of your planet. What do your scientific
assemblies work for? The preservation of the past. To what do your
political assemblies direct their attention? Increasing the taxes. In
the land of the blind, one-eyed men are kings.

"But you must not utterly despair. Progress bears you on in spite of
yourselves. One of these days, too, you will realize that you are
citizens of the sky; then you will live in the light, in knowledge, in
the mind's true world."

While the inhabitant of Mars was teaching me the principal
characteristics of his new country, the terrestrial globe had turned
towards the east, the horizon had sunk lower, and the Moon had gradually
risen in the sky, which she was illuminating with her radiance.

Suddenly chancing to lower my eyes to where Spero sat, I could not
repress a start of surprise. The moonlight was streaming over him as it
did over me, and yet, although my body cast a shadow on the parapet, his
figure was shadowless. I arose abruptly to assure myself of this fact. I
turned about at once and stretched out my hand to touch his shoulder,
watching the shadow of my gesture on the parapet. But my visitor had
instantly disappeared. I was absolutely alone on the silent tower. My
very dark shadow was thrown out sharply on the parapet. The Moon was
brilliant, the village was sleeping at my feet. The air was mild and
very still. And yet I thought I heard footsteps. I listened, and indeed
did hear rather heavy footsteps coming towards me. Some one was
evidently climbing the tower-stairs.

"Monsieur has not gone down yet?" said the custodian, coming up to the
top. "I was waiting to lock the doors, and thought the experiments must
be over."

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

IV.

THE FIXED POINT IN THE UNIVERSE.


The memory of Urania and the celestial journey on which she had borne me
away, the truths she had made me realize, Spero's history, his trials in
his pursuit of the absolute, his apparition, his story of another world,
still haunted me, and kept the same problems (partly solved, partly
veiled in the uncertainty of our knowledge) incessantly before my mind.
I felt that I had gradually risen to a perception of the truth, and that
the visible universe was really but an appearance, which we must pass
through in order to reach reality.

The testimony of our senses is but an illusion. The Earth is not what it
seems to be. Nature is not what we think. In the physical universe
itself, where is the fixed point upon which material creation is in
equilibrium?

The natural and direct impression given by the observation of Nature is
that we inhabit a solid, stable Earth, fixed in the centre of the
universe. It took long centuries of study and a great deal of boldness
to free ourselves from that natural conviction, and to realize that the
world we are on is isolated in space, without any support whatever, in
rapid motion on itself and around the Sun. But to the ages before
scientific analysis, to primitive peoples, and even to-day to three
quarters of the human race, our feet are resting on a solid Earth which
is fixed at the base of the universe, and whose foundations are supposed
to extend into the depths of the infinite.

And yet from the time when it was first realized that it is the same Sun
which rises and sets every day; that it is the same Moon, the same
stars, the same constellations which revolve about us, those very facts
forced one to admit with absolute certainty that there must be empty
space underneath the Earth, to let the stars of the firmament pass from
their setting to their rising. This first recognition was a
turning-point. The admission of the Earth's isolation in space was
astronomy's first triumph. It was the first step, and indeed the most
difficult one. Think of it! To give up the foundations of the Earth!
Such an idea would never have sprung from any brain without the study of
the stars, or indeed without the transparency of the atmosphere. Under a
perpetually cloudy sky, human thoughts would have remained fixed on
terrestrial ground like the oyster to the rock.

The Earth once isolated in space, the first step was taken. Before this
revolution, whose philosophical bearing equals its scientific value, all
manner of shapes had been imagined for our sublunary dwelling-place. In
the first place, the Earth was thought to be an island emerging from a
boundless ocean, the island having infinite roots. Then the Earth, with
its seas, was supposed to be a flat, circular disk, all around which
rested the vault of the firmament. Later, cubic, cylindrical, polyhedric
forms, etc., were imagined. But still the progress of navigation tended
to reveal its spherical nature, and when its isolation, with its
incontestable proofs, was recognized, this sphericity was admitted as a
natural corollary of that isolation and of the circular motion of the
celestial spheres around the supposed central globe.

The terrestrial globe being from that time recognized as isolated, to
move it was no longer difficult. Formerly, when the sky was looked upon
as a dome crowning the massive and unlimited Earth, the very idea of
supposing it to be in motion would have been not only absurd but
untenable. But from the time that we could see it in our minds, placed
like a globe in the centre of celestial motion, the idea of imagining
that perhaps this globe could revolve on itself, so as to avoid obliging
the whole sky and the immense universe to perform this daily task, might
come naturally into a thinker's mind; and indeed we see the hypothesis
of the daily rotation of the terrestrial sphere coming to light in
ancient civilizations, among the Greeks, the Egyptians, the Indians,
etc. It is sufficient to read a few chapters of Ptolemy, Plutarch, or
Surya-Siddhanta for an account of these conjectures. But this new
hypothesis, although it had been prepared for by the first one, was none
the less bold, and contrary to the feelings inspired by the direct
contemplation of Nature. Thoughtful mankind was obliged to wait until
the sixteenth century, or, to speak more correctly, until the
seventeenth century, to learn our planet's true position in the
universe, and to _know_ by supported proofs that it has a double
movement,--daily about itself, and yearly about the Sun. From that time
only, from the time of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, has real
astronomy existed.

And yet again, that was but a beginning, for the great remodeller of the
world's system, Copernicus himself, had no suspicion of the Earth's
other motions, or of the distances of the stars. It is only in our own
century that the first measurements of the distances of the stars could
be made, and it is only in our day that sidereal discoveries have
afforded us the necessary data by which we might endeavor to account for
the forces which maintain the equilibrium of creation.

The ancient idea of endless roots attributed to the Earth, evidently
left much to be desired to minds anxious to go to the bottom of things.
It is absolutely impossible for us to conceive of a material pillar, as
thick and as wide as you like (of the diameter of the Earth, for
example), sinking down into the infinite; just as one cannot admit the
real existence of a stick which should have but one end. No matter how
far our mind goes down towards the base of such a material pillar, there
is a point where it can see the end of it. The difficulty had been
obviated by materializing the celestial sphere and putting the Earth
inside it, occupying all its lower portion. But in the first place it
became difficult to adjust the motion of the stars, and on the other
hand this material universe itself, enclosed in an immense crystal
globe, was held up by nothing, since the infinite must extend all
around, beneath it, as well as above. Investigating minds were at first
obliged to free themselves from the vulgar idea of weight.

Isolated in space like a child's balloon floating in the air, and more
absolutely too, for the balloon is carried by aerial waves, while worlds
gravitate in the void, the Earth is a toy for the invisible cosmic
forces which it obeys,--a real soap-bubble, sensitive to the faintest
breath. Besides, we can easily judge of it by looking at the same time
at the whole of the _eleven_ principal motions of the Earth, by which it
is moved. Perhaps they will help us to find that "fixed point" which our
philosophical ambition asks for.

Thrown around the Sun at a distance of 37,000,000 leagues, and making at
this distance its annual revolution around the luminous star, it
consequently moves at the rate of 643,000 leagues per day; that is,
26,800 leagues an hour, or 29,450 metres per second. This speed is
eleven hundred times more rapid than an express train going at the rate
of a hundred kilometres an hour. It is a ball, going with a rapidity
seventy-five times greater than that of a bomb, always hurrying on, but
never reaching its goal. In 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 10
seconds, the terrestrial projectile has returned to the same point of
its orbit relative to the Sun, and continues its flight. The Sun, on its
part, is moving in space, following a line oblique to the plane of the
Earth's annual motion,--a line drawn towards the constellation of
Hercules. The result is, that instead of describing an exact circle, the
Earth describes a spiral, and has never passed over the same road twice
in its existence. To its motion of annual revolution around the Sun
there is added perpetually, as a second motion, that of the Sun itself,
which draws it, with all the solar system, into an oblique descent
towards the constellation of Hercules.

During all this time our little globe pirouettes around itself every
twenty-four hours, and gives us the daily succession of days and
nights,--diurnal rotation: third motion.

It does not turn upright upon itself, like a top, which would be
vertical on a table, but is inclined, as everybody knows, by 23° 27'.
This inclination, too, is not always the same; it varies from year to
year, from age to age, oscillating slowly by secular periods. That is a
fourth kind of motion.

The orbit in which our planet yearly travels around the Sun is not
circular, but elliptical. This ellipse itself also varies from year to
year, and from century to century; sometimes it approaches the
circumference of a circle, sometimes it lengthens out to a great
eccentricity. It is like an elastic ring, which can be bent more or less
out of shape. Fifth complication in the Earth's motion.

This ellipse itself is not fixed in space, but revolves in its own plane
in a period of 21,000 years. The perihelion, which at the beginning of
our era was at 65 degrees of longitude, starting from the vernal
equinox, is now at 101 degrees. This secular displacement of the line
of the apsides brings a sixth complication to the motion of our
abiding-place.

Here is a seventh. We said just now that our globe's axis of rotation is
inclined, and everybody knows that the imaginary prolongation of this
axis points towards the polar star. This axis itself is not fixed. It
revolves in 25,765 years, keeping its inclination of 22 to 24 degrees,
so that its prolongation describes a circle of 44 to 48 degrees in
diameter--according to the epoch--on the celestial sphere around the
pole of the ecliptic. It is in consequence of this displacement of the
pole that Vega, in twelve thousand years, will again become the polar
star, as she was fourteen thousand years ago. Seventh kind of movement.

An eighth motion, due to the action of the Moon on the equatorial
swelling of the Earth, that of nutation, causes the pole of the equator
to describe a small ellipse in eighteen years and eight months.

A ninth, due also to the attraction of our satellite, incessantly
changes the position of the globe's centre of gravity and the Earth's
place in space. When the Moon is in front of us, she accelerates the
speed of the globe; when she is behind, she retards us, on the
contrary, like a check-rein,--a monthly complication which is added to
all the others.

When the Earth passes between the Sun and Jupiter, the attraction of the
latter, in spite of its distance of 155,000,000 leagues, makes it
deviate by 2 m. 10 sec. from its absolute orbit. The attraction of Venus
makes it deviate 1 m. 25 sec. the other way. Saturn and Mars also act
upon it, but more feebly. These are exterior disturbances, which make up
a tenth kind of correction to add to the motion of our celestial barque.

The whole of the planets weigh about one seven hundredth part of the
weight of the Sun; the centre of gravity around which the Earth annually
turns is not in the very centre of the Sun, but far from the centre, and
often even outside of the solar globe. Now, absolutely speaking, the
Earth does not turn around the Sun; but the two heavenly bodies, Sun and
Earth, turn about their common centre of gravity. Thus the centre of our
planet's annual motion is constantly changing place, and we may add this
eleventh complication to the others. We might even add many others to
these; but the preceding ones are enough to make the degree of
lightness and delicacy of our floating island appreciated, subject, as
we have seen, to all the fluctuations of celestial influences.
Mathematical analysis goes very far beyond this summary statement. It
has found that the Moon alone, which seems to turn so peacefully about
us, has more than sixty distinct motions.

The expression is therefore not exaggerated: our planet is but the
plaything of the cosmic forces which accompany it in the meadows of the
sky, and it is the same with everything existing in the universe. Matter
is meekly obedient to force.

Where, then, is the fixed point which we desire for our support?

Our planet, then, formerly supposed to be at the base of the universe,
is in fact kept up at a distance by the Sun, which makes the Earth
gravitate about it with a speed corresponding to that distance. This
speed, caused by the solar mass itself, keeps our planet at the same
mean distance from the central star. A lesser speed would make the
weight predominate, and would lead to the Earth's falling into the Sun;
a greater speed, on the contrary, would progressively and infinitely
send our planet away from its life-giving focus. But at the speed
resulting from gravitation, our wandering home remains suspended in
permanent stability, just as the Moon is upheld in space by the force of
the Earth's gravity, which makes it circulate about the Earth with the
speed requisite to maintain it constantly at the same mean distance. The
Earth and the Moon thus form a planetary couple in space which sustain
each other in perpetual equilibrium under the supreme domination of
solar attraction. If the Earth existed alone in the universe, it would
be forever motionless in the void, wherever it had been placed, with no
power to descend or rise or change its position in any way whatsoever;
these very expressions--to rise, descend, left or right--having no
absolute sense whatever. If this same Earth, while existing alone, had
received any impetus whatever, had been thrown with any speed in any
direction, it would have whirled away forever in a straight line in that
direction, never being able to stop or to slacken its pace or change its
motion. It would have been the same thing if the Moon had existed alone
with it; they would both have turned about their common centre of
gravity, fulfilling their destiny in the same place in space, flying
together, following the direction in which they had been thrown. The Sun
existing and being the centre of its system, the Earth, all the planets
and their satellites, are dependent upon it, and to it their destiny is
irrevocably bound.

Is the fixed point that we are seeking, the solid base which we seem to
need to insure the stability of the universe, to be found in that
colossal and heavy globe, the Sun?

Assuredly not, since the Sun itself is not in repose, for it is bearing
us and all its system away towards the constellation of Hercules.

Does our Sun gravitate around an immense sun whose attraction extends to
it and controls its destinies as it controls that of the planets? Do
investigations in sidereal astronomy lead us to believe that a star of
such magnitude can exist in a direction situated at right angles with
our course towards Hercules? No; our Sun is influenced by sidereal
attraction, but no one star appears to overpower all the others and
reign sovereign over our central star.

Although it may be perfectly admissible, or rather certain, that the sun
nearest to ours, the star Alpha Centauri, and our own Sun feel their
mutual attraction; although this star may be situated at about 90
degrees from our tangent towards Hercules, and, more than that, in the
plane of the principal stars, passing by Perseus, Capella, Vega,
Aldebaran, and the Southern Cross; and although the proper motion of
this neighboring sun may be turned sensibly in the opposite direction
from ours,--yet we could not consider these two systems as forming one
couple analogous to that of the double stars; in the first place,
because all the known double-star systems are composed of stars much
nearer to each other, and then because in the immensity of the orbit
described, according to this hypothesis, the attraction of the
neighboring stars could not be considered as remaining without
influence; and lastly, because the actual rates of speed with which
these two suns are moved are much less great than those which would
result from their mutual attraction.

The little constellation of Perseus, especially, might very well exert a
more powerful action than that of the Pleiades, or than any other group
of stars, and be the fixed point, the centre of gravity, of the motions
of our Sun, of Alpha Centauri, and the neighboring stars, inasmuch as
the cluster of Perseus is not only at right angles with the tangent of
our movement towards Hercules, but also in the great circle of the
principal stars and precisely at the intersection of this circle with
the Milky Way. But here another factor comes in, of more importance than
all the preceding ones,--this Milky Way, with its eighteen millions of
suns, of which it would assuredly be audacious to seek the centre of
gravity.

But what is the whole entire Milky Way, after all, compared with the
milliards of stars which our mind contemplates in the bosom of the
sidereal universe? Is not this Milky Way itself moving like an
archipelago of floating islands? Is not every resolvable nebula, each
cluster of stars, a Milky Way in motion under the action of the
gravitation of other universes, which call to it and appeal to it
through the infinite night?

       *       *       *       *       *

Our thoughts are transported from star to star, from system to system,
from region to region, in the presence of unfathomable grandeurs, in
sight of celestial motions whose speed we are but just beginning
properly to value, but which already surpasses all conception. The
proper annual motion of the sun Alpha Centauri exceeds 188 millions of
leagues per year. The proper motion of the 61st of Cygnus (second sun in
the order of distances) is equivalent to 370 millions of leagues per
year, or about one million of leagues per day. The star Alpha Cygni
comes to us in a direct line at a speed of 500 millions of leagues per
year. The proper motion of the star 1830 of Groombridge's Catalogue
rises to 2,590 millions of leagues per year, which represents seven
millions of leagues per day, 115,000 kilometres per hour, or 320,000
metres per second! These are minimum estimates, inasmuch as we certainly
do not see perpendicularly, but obliquely, the stellar displacements
thus measured.

What projectiles! They are suns thousands and millions of times heavier
than the Earth, launched through the unfathomable void with giddy rates
of speed, revolving in immensity under the influence of the gravitation
of all the stars of the universe. And these millions and thousand
millions of suns, planets, clusters of stars, nebulæ, worlds in their
infancy, worlds near their end, rush with equal velocity towards goals
of which they are ignorant, with an energy and intensity of action
before which gunpowder and dynamite are like the breath of sleeping
babes.

And thus everything hurries on through all eternity perhaps, without
being able ever to reach the unexisting limits of infinity.... Motion,
activity, light, life everywhere. Happily so, without doubt. If all
these innumerable suns, planets, earths, moons, comets, were fixed and
immovable, petrified kings in their eternal tombs, how much more
formidable, but also more mournful, would be the aspect of such a
universe! Can you imagine the whole creation stopped, benumbed,
mummified? Is not such an idea unbearable? Is there not something
funereal about it?

What causes these motions? What maintains them? What regulates them?
Universal gravitation, invisible force, which the visible universe (what
we call matter) obeys. A body attracted from infinity by the Earth would
attain a velocity of 11,300 metres per second; just as a body thrown
from the Earth with that speed would never fall again. A body attracted
by the Sun from the infinite would attain a speed of 608,000 metres; and
a body thrown by the Sun with that swiftness would never return to its
point of departure. Clusters of stars may give us velocities much more
remarkable still, but which are explained by the theory of gravitation.
A glance at a map of the proper motions of the stars is enough to make
one understand the variety and grandeur of these motions.

       *       *       *       *       *

Thus the stars, the suns, the planets, the worlds, the shooting-stars,
the meteoric stones, in short all the bodies which constitute this vast
universe, rest, not on solid bases, as the childish and primitive
conception of our fathers seemed to require, but _upon invisible and
immaterial forces_ which govern their motions. These milliards of
celestial bodies have their respective movements for the purpose of
stability, and mutually lean upon each other across the void which
separates them. The mind which could eliminate time and space would see
the Earth, the planets, the Sun, the stars, rain down from a limitless
sky in all imaginable directions, like the drops carried away by the
whirlwinds of a gigantic tempest, and drawn, not by a common basis, but
by the attraction of each and all; each one of these cosmic drops, each
one of these worlds, each one of these suns, is whirled away at a speed
so rapid that the flight of cannon-balls is but rest in comparison: it
is not one hundred, nor five hundred, nor a thousand metres per
second,--it is ten thousand, twenty, fifty, a hundred, and even two or
three hundred thousand metres _per second_!

How is it that there are no meetings in the midst of all this motion?
Perhaps there may be some,--the "temporary stars," which appear to rise
again from their ashes, would seem to indicate it. But as a matter of
fact, it would be difficult for meetings to occur, because space is
immense, relatively to the celestial bodies, and because the motion by
which each body is animated entirely prevents it from submitting
passively to the attraction of another body and falling upon it; it
keeps its own motion, which cannot be destroyed, and glides around the
focus which attracts it, as a butterfly would obey the attraction of a
flame without burning itself in it. Besides, absolutely speaking, these
motions are not "rapid."

Indeed, everything runs, flies, falls, rolls, rushes through the void,
but at such respective distances that it all appears to be at rest. If
we wanted to place in a frame, the size of Paris, the stars whose
distances have been measured up to the present time, the nearest star
would be placed at two kilometres from the Sun, from which the Earth
would be distant one centimetre, Jupiter at five centimetres, and
Neptune at thirty centimetres. The 61st of Cygnus would be at four
kilometres, Sirius at ten kilometres, the polar star at twenty-seven
kilometres, etc.; and the immense majority of the stars would remain
outside the department of the Seine. Well, to give to all these
projectiles their relative motions, the Earth would take a year to run
through its orbit of a centimetre radius, Jupiter twelve years to run
through his of five centimetres, and Neptune one hundred and sixty-five
years. The proper motions of the Sun and stars would be of the same
nature; that is to say, all would appear to be at rest, even under the
microscope. Urania reigns with calmness and serenity in the immensity of
the universe.

So the constitution of the sidereal universe is just like that of the
bodies which we call material. All bodies, organic or inorganic, man,
animal, plant, stone, iron, bronze, are composed of molecules which are
in perpetual motion, and which do not touch one another. Each one of
these atoms is infinitely small, and invisible not only to the eye, not
only to the microscope, but even to thought; since it is possible that
these atoms may be centres of force. It has been calculated that in the
head of a pin there are not less than eight sextillions of atoms,--that
is, eight thousand milliards of milliards,--and that in one centimetre
of cubic air there are not less than a sextillion of molecules. All
these atoms, all these molecules, are in motion under the influence of
the forces which govern them; and as compared with their dimensions,
great distances separate them. We may even believe that there is in
principle but one kind of atoms, and that it is the number of primitive
atoms, essentially simple and homogeneous, their modes of arrangement,
and their motions, which constitute the diversity of molecules; a
molecule of gold, of iron, would not differ from a molecule of sulphur,
of oxygen, of hydrogen, etc., except in the number, the disposition, and
the motion of the primitive atoms which compose it: each molecule would
be a system, a microcosm.

But whatever may be the idea that one conceives of the inner
constitution of bodies, the truth is now recognized and indisputable
that the fixed point for which our imagination has been seeking, exists
nowhere. Archimedes can vainly call for a point of support, that he may
lift the world. _Worlds, like atoms, rest on the invisible_, on
immaterial force; everything moves, urged on by attraction, and as if in
search of that fixed point which flies as it is pursued, and which does
not exist, since in the infinite the centre is everywhere and nowhere.
So-called positive minds, which assert with so much assurance that
"Matter reigns alone, with its properties," and who smile disdainfully
at the researches of thinkers, should first tell us what they mean by
that famous word "matter." If they did not stop at the surface of
things, if they even suspected that appearances hid intangible
realities, they would doubtless be a little more modest.

To us, who seek the truth with no jealousy of system, it seems that the
essence of matter remains as mysterious as the essence of force; the
visible universe not being in the least what it appears to be to our
senses. In fact, that visible universe is composed of invisible atoms;
it rests upon the void, and the forces which govern it are in themselves
immaterial and invisible. It would be less bold to think that matter
does not exist, that all is dynamism, than to pretend to affirm the
existence of an exclusively material universe. As to the material
support of the world, it disappeared--a somewhat interesting
observation--precisely with the conquest of Mechanics, which proclaim
the triumph of the invisible. The fixed point vanishes in the universal
balance of powers, in the ideal harmony of ether vibrations; the more
one seeks it, the less one finds it; and the last effort of our thought
has for a last support, for supreme reality, the Infinite.

[Illustration]




[Illustration]

A SOUL CLOTHED WITH AIR.


She was standing, in her chaste nudity, with uplifted arms, twisting the
thick and waving masses of her hair, which she was trying to bring into
subjection on the top of her head,--a fresh, young beauty, who had not
yet attained the fulness and perfection of developed form, but was
approaching it, radiant in the loveliness of her seventeenth year.

A child of Venice, her white, soft, rose-tinted skin revealed the
circulation of a strong and ardent life-blood beneath its transparency;
her eyes shone with a mysterious and haunting light, and the dewy
redness of her lightly parted lips made one think of the fruit as much
as of the flower. She was marvellously beautiful as she stood thus; and
if some hero Paris had received a mission to award the palm to her, I do
not know which he would have laid at her feet, that of grace, elegance,
or beauty,--for she seemed to blend the living charm of modern
attractiveness with the calm perfections of classic beauty.

The happiest, the most unexpected chance had led the painter Falero and
me to where she was. One lovely afternoon last spring we were walking on
the seashore. We had been through one of the groves of olive-trees, with
their sad-looking leaves, which are so frequent between Nice and Monaco,
and without being aware of it had entered some private grounds which
were unenclosed on the side towards the beach. A picturesque, winding
path led up the hill. We had just passed an orange-grove whose golden
apples recalled the garden of the Hesperides; the air was fragrant, the
sky a deep blue, and we were discoursing upon a parallel between art and
science, when my companion suddenly stopped, as if by an irresistible
fascination, making me a sign to be silent and to look.

Behind the clumps of cactus and fig-trees, a few feet in front of us,
was a sumptuous bathroom, with its western window open, letting us see
the young girl standing not far from a marble basin into which a jet of
water fell with a gentle murmur, and before a large mirror which
reflected her image from head to foot. Probably the noise of the falling
water had prevented her hearing our footsteps. We stood mute and
motionless behind the cactus, discreetly, or indiscreetly, watching her.
She was lovely, and apparently unaware of her own beauty. Her feet were
on a tiger-skin; she was in no haste. Finding that her hair was still
too damp, she let it fall about her again, turned in our direction, and
picked up a rose from the table near the window; then going back to the
long mirror, she resumed her hair-dressing, finished it leisurely, put
the little rose between two coils, and turning with her back to the sun,
stooped, probably to pick up her first piece of clothing. But she
suddenly sprang back with a piercing cry, hid her face in her hands, and
hastily retreated to a shaded corner.

We have always thought since that some movement of our heads must have
betrayed our presence, or that by some trick of the mirror she had seen
us. Whatever it was, we thought it prudent to retrace our steps, and
went down to the sea again by the same path.

       *       *       *       *       *

"Ah," said my companion, "I assure you that among all my models I have
never seen any more perfect, even for my picture of the 'Double Stars'
and of 'Celia.' What do you think about it yourself? Did not that
apparition come just in time to prove that I am right? You need waste no
eloquence upon the delights of science,--acknowledge that art also has
its charms. Do not the stars of Earth compare favorably with the
beauties of the sky? Do you not admire the graceful beauty of that form
as I do? What exquisite tints, what flesh!"

"I should not have the bad taste not to admire what is truly beautiful,"
I answered. "I admit that human beauty (and of course female loveliness
in particular) truly represents the most perfect thing that Nature has
produced on our planet. But do you know what I most admire in that
being? It is not its artistic or æsthetic aspect, it is the scientific
proof it gives of a simply wonderful fact. In that beautiful body I see
a soul clothed with air."

"Oh, you are fond of paradoxes! A soul clothed with air! That is rather
idealistic for so real a body! No doubt the charming creature has a
soul; but permit an artist to admire her body, her vitality, her
solidity, her color...."

"I do not object. But it is just that physical beauty which makes me
admire the soul in her, the invisible force that formed her."

"What do you mean by that? We surely have a body! The existence of a
soul is less palpable."

"To the senses, yes; to the mind, no. Now, your senses absolutely
deceive you about the motion of the Earth, the nature of the sky, the
apparent solidity of the body; about beings and about things. Will you
follow my reasoning for a moment?

       *       *       *       *       *

[Illustration]

"When I breathe the perfume of a rose, when I admire the beauty of form,
the smoothness of coloring, the grace of this flower in its freshly
opening bloom, what strikes me most is the work of the hidden, unknown,
mysterious force which rules over the plant's life and can direct it in
the maintenance of its existence, which chooses the proper molecules of
air, water, and earth for its nourishment, and which knows above all
how to assimilate those molecules and group them so delicately as to
form this graceful stem, these dainty little green leaves, these soft
pink petals, these exquisite tints and delicious fragrance. This
mysterious force is the animating principle of the plant. Put a
lily-seed, an acorn, a grain of wheat, and a peach-stone side by side
in the ground; each germ will build up its own organism.

[Illustration]

"I knew a maple-tree which was dying on the ruins of an old wall, a few
feet from good, rich soil in a ditch, and which in despair threw out a
venturesome root, reached the coveted soil, buried itself there, and
gained a solid footing, so that by degrees, although a motionless thing,
it changed its place, let its original roots die, left the stones, and
lived resuscitated upon the organ that had set it free. I have known
elms which were going to eat up the soil of a fertile field, whose food
had been cut off from them by a wide ditch, and who therefore determined
to make their uncut roots pass under the ditch. They succeeded, and
returned to their regular food, much to the cultivator's astonishment. I
knew an heroic jasmine which went eight times through holes in a board
which kept the light away from it, and which a teasing observer would
put back into the shade, hoping at last to wear out the flower's energy;
but he did not succeed.

"A plant breathes, drinks, eats, selects, refuses, seeks, works, lives,
acts according to its instincts. One does 'like a charm,' another pines,
a third is nervous and agitated. The sensitive-plant shivers and droops
its leaves at the slightest touch. In certain hours of well-being the
calla lily is warm, the pink is phosphorescent, the valisneria goes down
to the bottom of the lake to ripen the fruit of her loves. In these
manifestations of an unknown life the philosopher cannot help
recognizing a song from the universal choir in the plant world.

"I go no further for the human soul just now, although it is
incomparably superior to the soul of a plant, and although it has
created an intellectual world as much above the rest of the terrestrial
world as the stars are higher than the Earth. I am not looking at it now
from the point of view of its spiritual faculties, but only as force
animating the human being.

"Ah! I wonder that that force can group the atoms that we breathe, or
that we assimilate by nutrition and form this charming being! Think of
that young girl the day she was born, and follow in thought the gradual
development of that little body through the years of her awkward age to
the first graces of youth and the charms of womanhood. How is human
organism nourished, developed, and composed? You know,--by respiration
and nutrition.

"The air supplies three quarters of our nourishment by respiration. The
oxygen in the air maintains the fire of life, and the body is comparable
to a flame, constantly renewed by the principles of combustion. The lack
of oxygen extinguishes life as it extinguishes a lamp. By respiration
the black venous blood is transformed into red arterial blood and
regenerated. The lungs are a fine tissue pierced with from forty to
fifty millions of little holes, which are just too small for the blood
to filter through, and just large enough for the air to penetrate them.
A perpetual interchange of gas takes place between the air and the
blood, the first furnishing the second with oxygen, the second
eliminating carbonic acid. On the one hand the atmospheric oxygen burns
carbon in the lung; on the other the lung exhales carbonic acid,
nitrogen, and water in the form of vapor. In the daytime, plants breathe
by an opposite process,--they absorb carbonic acid and exhale oxygen; by
this difference maintaining one part of the general equilibrium of
terrestrial life.

"Of what is the human body composed? An average adult man weighs 70
kilograms. Of this amount there are nearly 52 kilograms of water in the
blood and flesh. Analyze the substance of our body, you will find
albumen, fibrine, caseine, and gelatine; that is, organic substances
composed originally of the four essential gases,--oxygen, nitrogen,
hydrogen, and carbonic acid. You will also find substances with no
nitrogen, such as gum, sugar, starch, and fat. These matters likewise
pass through our organism; their carbon and hydrogen are consumed by the
oxygen breathed in during respiration, and then exhaled under the form
of carbonic acid and water.

"You are not unaware that water is a combination of two gases, oxygen
and hydrogen; the air is a mixture of two gases, oxygen and nitrogen, to
which are added in lesser proportions water in the form of vapor, which,
however, is but condensed oxygen, etc.

"Thus our body is composed only of transformed gases."

       *       *       *       *       *

"But," interrupted my companion, "we do not live solely upon the air; at
certain hours, indicated by our stomachs, it is very necessary to add
some supplies which are not without a value of their own,--such as a
pheasant's wing, a filet de sole, a glass of Château Laffitte or
champagne, or, as your taste may prefer, asparagus, grapes, peaches...."

"Yes, that all passes through our organism and renews its
tissues,--pretty rapidly too; for in a few months (not in seven years,
as was formerly thought) our body is entirely renewed. To return to that
lovely being who posed before us just now. None of that flesh which we
admired existed three or four months ago; those shoulders, that face,
those eyes, that mouth, those arms, that hair, and, even to the very
nails, all that organism, is but a current of molecules, a ceaselessly
renewed flame, a river which we may look at all our lives, but never see
the same water again. Now, all that is but assimilated gas, condensed
and modified, and more than anything else, it is air. These bones
themselves, so solid now, were formed and hardened gradually. Do not
forget that our whole body is composed of invisible molecules which do
not touch each other, and which are continually renewed.

"Finally, our table is spread with vegetables and fruits; if we are
vegetarians we absorb substances almost entirely drawn from the air.
This peach is air and water; this pear, this grape, this almond are also
made of air and water, a few gaseous elements drawn to them by the sap,
by solar heat, by the rain. Asparagus or salad, peas or beans, lettuce
or chicory, all these live in the air and on the air; what the earth
furnishes, what the sap seeks out, are also gases, and the very same
nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, etc.

"If it is a question of beefsteak, chicken, or some other 'meat,' the
difference is not very great. Sheep and oxen feed upon grass. If we
relish a partridge cooked with cauliflower, a roasted quail, a truffled
turkey, or a stewed hare, all these substances, apparently so different,
are only transformed vegetable matter, which itself is but a grouping
of molecules taken from the gases of which we have just been
speaking,--air, water, elements, molecules, and atoms almost
imponderable of themselves, and moreover absolutely invisible to the
naked eye.

"Thus, whatever may be our kind of nourishment, our body, kept repaired,
developed by the absorption of molecules acquired by respiration and
alimentation, is really but a current incessantly renewed by means of
this assimilation,--directed, governed, and organized by the immaterial
force which animates us. To this force we may assuredly give the name of
'soul.' It groups the atoms which suit it, eliminates those which are
useless to it, and, starting with an imperceptible speck, an
indiscernible germ, ends by building up the Apollo Belvidere or the
Venus of the Capitol. Phidias is but a coarse imitator, compared to this
hidden and mysterious force. Mythology tells us that Pygmalion became
the lover of a statue of his own creation. Not so! Pygmalion,
Praxiteles, Michael Angelo, Benvenuto, and Canova created nothing but
statues. The force that can construct the living body of man and woman
is more sublime.

"But this force is immaterial, invisible, intangible, imponderable, like
the attraction which lulls the worlds in the universal melody; and the
body, however material it may seem to us, is in itself only a harmonious
grouping, formed by the attraction of this interior force. So you see
that I confine myself strictly within the limits of positive science in
speaking of this young girl by the title of a soul clothed with
air,--like you or me, for instance, neither more nor less.

"From the origin of humanity down to within a century or two, it has
been believed that sensation was perceived at the very point where it
was felt. A pain felt in the finger was considered as having its seat in
the finger itself. Children and many people believe so still. Physiology
has demonstrated that the impression is transmitted from the finger-tip
to the brain by means of the nervous system. If the nerve is cut, the
finger may be burned with impunity; the paralysis is complete. We have
been able to determine the time taken by the impression in transmitting
itself from any part of the body to the brain, and it is known that the
rapidity of this transmission is about twenty-eight metres per second.
Since then we have referred sensation to the brain. But we have stopped
half way.

"The brain is matter, like the finger, and by no means fixed and stable
matter. It is essentially changing matter, rapidly variable, and forming
no identity. A single lobe, a single cell, a single molecule which does
not change, does not and could not exist in the whole mass of encephalic
matter. A stoppage of motion, of circulation, or of transformation
would be a death-warrant. The brain subsists and feels, only on
condition of submitting, like all the rest of the body, to the incessant
transformations of organic matter which constitute the vital circuit.

"So it cannot be that our personality, our identity, lies in a certain
grouping of cerebral matter,--our individual me, our _ego_ which
acquires and preserves a personal scientific and moral value, increasing
with study; our _ego_ which feels itself responsible for its acts
performed a month, a year, ten, twenty, fifty years ago, during which
time however the molecular grouping has been _changed_ frequently.

"Physiologists who affirm that the soul does not exist, are like their
ancestors who affirmed that they felt pain in their finger or their
foot. They are a little less far from the truth, but they stop on the
way when they stop at the brain, and make the human being consist of
cerebral impressions. This hypothesis is all the less excusable because
these same physiologists know perfectly well that personal sensation is
always accompanied by a modification of substance. In other words, the
_ego_ of the individual only continues when the identity of its matter
ceases to continue.

"Our principle of sensibility, then, cannot be a material object; it is
put in communication with the universe by cerebral impressions, by the
chemical forces disengaged in the encephalon in consequence of material
combinations. But it is _different_.

"And our organic constitution is perpetually transformed under the
direction of a psychic principle.

"Some molecule now incorporated in our organism escapes from it by
expiration, perspiration, etc., to belong to the atmosphere for a longer
or shorter time, then to be incorporated into another organism,--plant,
animal, or man. The molecules which actually constitute your body were
not all made part of your person yesterday, and none of them were there
three months ago. Where were they? Either in the air or in another body.
All the molecules now forming your organic tissues, your lungs, your
eyes, your brain, your legs, etc., have already served to form other
organic tissues. We are all resuscitated dead men, made from the dust of
our ancestors. If all the people who have lived up to this time arose
from the dead, there would be five of them to every square foot upon the
surface of all the continents,--obliged to climb on one another's
shoulders in order to stand; but they could not all be completely
resuscitated, for many of the molecules have served successively for
several bodies.

"Our own organisms likewise, resolved into their ultimate particles,
will help to form the bodies of our descendants.

"Each molecule of air then goes on eternally from life to life, and
escapes thence from death to death, by turns wind, wave, earth, animal,
or flower. It is incorporated successively into the substance of
numberless organisms. The air, the inexhaustible source whence
everything that lives takes its breath, is yet an immense reservoir into
which everything that dies pours its last sigh; by its absorption,
vegetable and animal, different organisms come to life and afterwards
perish. Life and death are both in the air we breathe, and perpetually
succeed each other by the exchange of gaseous molecules; the molecule of
oxygen which this old oak exhales will fly away to the lungs of a child
in its cradle. The last sighs of a man will weave the brilliant corolla
of a flower, or expand like a smile over the verdant meadow. And thus by
an infinite series of partial deaths, the atmosphere incessantly
nourishes the universal life spread over the surface of the world.

"And if nevertheless some objection should still remain unanswered, I
would go further, and add that our clothes as well as our bodies are
composed of substances which at first were all gaseous. Take this
thread, draw it out: what a resistance! How many webs of cambric, silk,
linen, cotton, and wool industry have been formed by the help of these
warps and woofs! And yet, what is a thread of linen, flax, or cotton?
Globules of air in juxtaposition which are held together only by their
molecular force. What is a thread of silk or wool? Another set of
molecules in juxtaposition. Admit, then, that our clothes as
well are air, gas, substances drawn in the beginning from the
atmosphere,--oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, vapor of water, etc."

       *       *       *       *       *

"I am glad to see," said the painter, "that art is not so far from
science as is supposed in certain circles. If your theory is purely
scientific to you, to me it is art, and of the best. Besides, do all
these distinctions exist in Nature? In Nature there is neither art nor
painting nor sculpture, music nor decoration, philosophy nor chemistry,
nor astronomy nor meteorology. Look at the sky, the sea, those
foot-hills of the Alps, those rosy evening clouds, those luminous
perspectives towards the Italian coast,--all that is one. There is unity
in everything. And since molecular philosophy demonstrates that there is
no longer any body, that even the atoms in a bar of steel or platinum do
not touch each other, no one will be the loser, provided our souls are
left us."

"Yes, it is a fact against which no prejudice can prevail,--living
beings are souls clothed with air. I pity the worlds deprived of their
atmosphere."

We had returned to the seashore after a long ramble not far from our
point of departure, and were passing the battlemented wall of a villa on
our way from Beaulieu to Cape Ferrat, when two very fashionably dressed
ladies passed us. They were the Duchess of V---- and her daughter, whom
we had met the previous Thursday at a ball at the Préfecture. We bowed
to them, and disappeared under the olive-trees. The young girl,
inquisitive daughter of Eve, turned to look after us, and it seemed to
me that a sudden blush crimsoned her cheeks; it was doubtless the
reflection of the setting sun's rays.

[Illustration]

"Perhaps you think," said the artist, also looking back, "that you have
diminished my admiration for beauty? No, I appreciate it still more. In
it I bow to harmony; and--shall I confess it?--the human body thus
considered as the manifestation to the senses of a directing soul seems
to me to acquire thence more nobility, more beauty, and more light."




[Illustration]

V.

AD VERITATEM PER SCIENTIAM.


I was studying in my library the conditions of life upon the surface of
worlds governed and illuminated by suns of different sizes, when
glancing at the chimney-piece I was struck with the expression--I had
almost said the animation--of my dear Urania's face. It was the
gracious, living expression which once--ah! how quickly the earth goes
round, and how short a quarter of a century is!--which once--and it
seems to me like yesterday--which once--in those youthful days so
quickly flown--had attracted my thoughts and inflamed my heart. I could
not keep from looking at her again, and resting my eyes on her. Truly,
she was still just as beautiful, and my feelings had not changed. She
drew me to her as the light draws an insect. I rose from my table to
approach her, and see again the singular effect of the daylight on her
changing face, and I surprised myself by standing before her, forgetting
my work.

Her look seemed to be lost in the distance, yet she was looking. At
what? I had the firm conviction that she was really looking at
something; and following the direction of that fixed, motionless,
solemn, although not severe gaze, my eyes went straight to Spero's
portrait, hanging there between two book-cases. Really, Urania was
looking fixedly at him.

[Illustration]

Suddenly the picture broke away from the wall and fell, breaking the
frame. I rushed to it. The portrait was lying on the carpet, and Spero's
gentle face was turned towards me. Picking it up, I found a large
paper, grown yellow, which filled up the whole back, and was written
over on both sides in Spero's handwriting. Why had I never noticed this
paper? It is true that it might have lain under the setting of the
frame, hidden beneath the protecting cardboard mat. When I brought this
water-color back from Christiania I did not think of examining its
arrangement. But who could have had the singular idea of putting this
sheet in such a place? I recognized my friend's handwriting, and glanced
over the two pages in utter bewilderment. According to all appearances
they must have been written on the last day of the young student's
life,--the day of his ascension to the aurora borealis. Probably Icléa's
father wished to preserve these last thoughts carefully, so framed them
with Spero's portrait, and forgot to mention it when he afterwards gave
me the portrait as a memento, on my return from the pilgrimage to my two
friends' graves. However that might be, placing the water-color gently
on the table, I experienced the deepest emotion as I recognized every
detail of that dear face. They were his very eyes, so sweet, so deep,
and always unfathomable; the wide brow apparently so calm, the delicate
mouth with its reserved sensitiveness, the fresh coloring of the face,
neck, and hands. His eyes looked at me, whichever way I turned the
portrait; they looked at Urania at the same time; they looked everywhere
at once. Strange idea of the artist! I could not resist the thought of
Urania's eyes, which had seemed to me to be looking at the portrait with
embarrassing intentness. Her celestial countenance no longer wore the
same expression at all, but appeared to me rather to be melancholy,
almost sad. Then I turned again to the mysterious sheet of paper. It was
written in a clear, precise hand, with no erasures. I offer it to the
readers of this book just as I found it, without the slightest change;
for it appears to be the very natural conclusion of the preceding
episodes.

Here it is, _verbatim_:--

    This is the scientific testament of a mind which on the Earth
    did all in its power to remain independent of the weight of
    matter, and which hopes to be freed from it.

    I should like to leave the results of my researches in the form
    of aphorisms. It seems to me that the Truth can be reached only
    through the study of Nature, that is to say, by science. Here
    are the inductions which appear to me to be founded on this
    method of observation.


    I.

    The visible, tangible, ponderable, and constantly moving
    universe is composed of invisible, intangible, imponderable, and
    inert atoms.


    II.

    These atoms are governed by force, to constitute bodies and to
    organize beings.


    III.

    Force is essential entity.


    IV.

    Visibility, tangibility, solidity, and weight are relative
    properties, and not absolute realities.


    V.

    The infinitely small.

    The experiments made in beating gold-leaf show that ten thousand
    leaves are contained in the thickness of a millimetre. A
    millimetre has been divided on a glass plate into a thousand
    equal parts; and infusoria exist, which are so small that their
    entire bodies, placed between two of these divisions, do not
    touch either of them. The members and organs of these beings are
    composed of cellules, these of molecules, and these of atoms.
    Twenty cubic centimetres of oil spread over a lake will cover
    four thousand square metres, so that the layer of oil thus
    expanded measures only one two hundred thousandth of a
    millimetre in thickness. Spectral analysis of light discloses
    the presence of a millionth of a milligramme of sodium in a
    flame. The sense of smell perceives 1/604000000 a milligramme of
    mercaptan in the air breathed. The dimensions of atoms must be
    less than a millionth of a millimetre in diameter. [Waves of
    light are comprised between 4 and 8 ten millionths of a
    millimetre, from violet to red; 2300 are required to fill a
    millimetre. In the duration of a second the ether through which
    light is transmitted makes 700,000,000,000,000 oscillations,
    each of which is mathematically defined.]


    VI.

    The intangible, invisible atom, scarcely conceivable to our mind
    accustomed to superficial judgments, constitutes the only true
    matter; and what we call matter is but an effect produced on our
    senses by the motion of atoms,--that is to say, an incessant
    possibility of sensations.

    The result is, that matter, like the manifestations of energy,
    is only a mode of motion. If motion should stop; if force should
    be annihilated; if the temperature of bodies should be reduced
    to absolute zero,--matter, as we know it, would cease to exist.


    VII.

    The visible universe is composed of invisible bodies. What we
    see is made up of things which are not seen. There is but one
    kind of primitive atom. The constituent molecules of different
    bodies--iron, gold, oxygen, hydrogen, etc.--differ only in the
    number, grouping, and motion of the atoms which compose them.


    VIII.

    What we call "matter," vanishes when scientific analysis thinks
    to grasp it. But we find as the support of the universe and the
    origin of all form, Force,--the dynamic element. By my will I
    can unsettle the Moon in her course.

    The movements of each atom on our Earth are the mathematical
    resultant of the undulations of the luminiferous ether which
    come to it in time from the abysses of infinite space.


    IX.

    The human being has for essential principle the soul. The body
    is visible and transitory.


    X.

    Atoms are indestructible.

    The energy which moves atoms and governs the universe is
    indestructible.

    The human soul is indestructible.


    XI.

    The individuality of the soul is recent in the Earth's history.
    Our planet was nebula, then sun, after that, chaos. No
    terrestrial human being was then in existence. Life began with
    the most rudimentary organisms; it has progressed century by
    century to attain its present state, which is not the last. What
    we call the faculties of the soul,--intelligence, reason,
    conscience,--are modern. The mind has gradually freed itself
    from matter; as--if the comparison were not awkward--gas frees
    itself from coal, perfume from the flower, flame from fire.


    XII.

    Psychic force has been beginning to assert itself in the higher
    spheres of terrestrial humanity for the past thirty or forty
    centuries; its action is but in its dawn. Souls conscious of
    their individuality, or still unconscious of it, are by their
    very nature beyond the conditions of space and time. After the
    death of the body, as during life, they occupy no place; perhaps
    some of them go to dwell in other worlds. Those only who are
    freed from material bonds can be conscious of their
    extra-corporeal existence and immortality.


    XIII.

    The Earth is but a province of the eternal fatherland; it forms
    a part of heaven. _Heaven is infinite_; all worlds are a part of
    heaven.


    XIV.

    The planetary and sidereal systems which constitute the universe
    are at different degrees of organization and advancement. The
    extent of their diversity is infinite; beings are everywhere
    appropriate to their worlds.


    XV.

    All worlds are not lived upon. The present era is of no more
    importance than are those which preceded or those which will
    follow it. Some worlds have been inhabited in the past, others
    will be in the future. Some day nothing will remain of the
    Earth; even its ruins will have perished.


    XVI.

    Terrestrial life is not the type of other lives. An unlimited
    diversity reigns in the universe. There are dwelling-places
    where the weight is intense, where light is unknown, where
    touch, smell, and hearing are the only senses, where, the optic
    nerve not being formed, all the beings are blind. There are
    others where the beings are so light and so slight that they
    would be invisible to earthly eyes, where senses of an exquisite
    delicacy reveal to privileged beings sensations forbidden to
    terrestrial humanity.


    XVII.

    The space existing between the worlds distributed over the
    immense universe does not separate them from each other. They
    are all in perpetual communication, from the attraction which
    makes itself felt through all distance, and establishes an
    indissoluble link between all worlds.


    XVIII.

    The universe forms a single unity.


    XIX.

    The system of the physical world is the material basis, the
    habitat of the moral or spiritual world. Hence astronomy must be
    the basis of all philosophical and religious belief. Every
    thinking being bears within himself the consciousness, but the
    uncertainty, of immortality. This is because we are the
    microscopic wheels of an unknown mechanism.


    XX.

    Man makes his own destiny. He rises or falls in accordance with
    his works. Beings attached to material riches, misers,
    hypocrites, liars, ambitious people, live like the perverse, in
    the lower zones.

    But a primordial and absolute law governs creation,--the law of
    Progress. Everything rises in the infinite. Sins are falls.


    XXI.

    In the ascension of souls, moral qualities have no less value
    than intellectual qualities. Goodness, devotion,
    self-abnegation, sacrifice, purify the soul, and raise it, like
    study and science.


    XXII.

    Universal creation is an immense harmony, of which the Earth is
    but an insignificant, rather uninteresting, and unfinished
    fragment.


    XXIII.

    Nature is a perpetual future. _Progress is law._ Progression is
    eternal.


    XXIV.

    The eternity of a soul would not be long enough to visit the
    infinite and learn all there is to know.


    XXV.

    The soul's destiny is to free itself more and more from the
    material world, and to belong to the lofty Uranian life, whence
    it can look down upon matter and suffer no more. It then enters
    upon the spiritual life, eternally pure. The supreme aim of all
    beings is the perpetual approach to absolute perfection and
    divine happiness.

Such was Spero's scientific and philosophical testament. Does it not
seem to have been dictated by Urania herself?

The Nine Muses of ancient mythology were sisters. Modern scientific
conceptions in their turn tend to unity. Astronomy, or the knowledge of
the world, and psychology, or knowledge of being, unite to-day to
establish the only basis on which definite philosophy can be built.

       *       *       *       *       *

P. S.--The preceding incidents, with the researches and reflections
which accompany them, are brought together here in a sort of essay,
whose aim is to shed a gleam of light on the solution of the greatest
problem that can engage the human mind. With this object the present
work is offered to the attention of those who sometimes "in the midst of
Life's journey," of which Dante speaks, linger to ask themselves where
and what they are,--to seek, to think, and to dream.

[Illustration]




FOOTNOTES:

[1] Strange coincidences sometimes occur; and upon the day that George
Spero made the ascent which was to be so fatal to him I knew that he had
started, from the extraordinary restlessness of the magnetic needle,
which announced at Paris, where I had remained, the intense aurora
borealis for which he had been waiting so anxiously to make his aerial
journey. It is well known that the aurora borealis causes magnetic
disturbances which are felt at long distances from their manifestation.
But what surprised me most, and what I never have been able to explain,
is, that at the very time of the accident I experienced an undefined
uneasiness; then a kind of presentiment that some accident had happened
to him. The despatch announcing his death found me almost prepared for
it.

[2] Phantasms of the Living. By E. Gurney and Frederick Myers, of the
University of Cambridge, and Frank Podmore. London, 1886. (The president
of the Society for Psychical Research is Professor Balfour Stewart, F.
R. S.)


       *       *       *       *       *


Transcriber's Notes

Simple typographical errors were corrected, in some cases by referring
to other editions of this book.

Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant
preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Page 280: "A SOUL CLOTHED WITH AIR." is the heading of a chapter that is
not identified as such in this edition.





End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Urania, by Camille Flammarion

*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK URANIA ***

***** This file should be named 41941-8.txt or 41941-8.zip *****
This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
        http://www.gutenberg.org/4/1/9/4/41941/

Produced by Greg Bergquist, Charlie Howard, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive)


Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
will be renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



*** START: FULL LICENSE ***

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at
  www.gutenberg.org/license.


Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic works

1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.  See paragraph 1.E below.

1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.

1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
States.

1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org

1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
1.E.9.

1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.

1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.

1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg-tm License.

1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
that

- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."

- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
     License.  You must require such a user to return or
     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
     Project Gutenberg-tm works.

- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
     of receipt of the work.

- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.

1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.

1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.


Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm

Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org


Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.

The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at 809
North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887.  Email
contact links and up to date contact information can be found at the
Foundation's web site and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

For additional contact information:
     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
     Chief Executive and Director
     gbnewby@pglaf.org

Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
To donate, please visit:  www.gutenberg.org/donate


Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
works.

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
with anyone.  For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:

     www.gutenberg.org

This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.