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Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th March 1848, Edition 1 of 3, Page 3

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      Untitled Article

      MMMmila nMiannBgm ^ iaa-aj naaM—"""*—committee who shall not hare been duly enrolled a member of this association , and have paid his subEcrip . tlon thereto for a period of one month previous t « such aleotion or appointment of a new committee , 4 . — . That It shall be tha duty of the president , or of tha chairman for the time being , to preserve order and regularity in the proceedings ; and in the event of any member being called to order , the decision of the president of chairman shall ba fiaal and conclasire . 5 ' —That all members addressing the chair , shall do so standing arid uncovered . 6 . —Thit ho member shall be at liberty to bring forward a . motion at a meeting of this association without having gives one week ' s notice thereof ia writing ; and that afcer a resolution has been proposed and spoken to , the proposer shall have the right to reply , and that such reply shall close the debate . 7 . —That the committee ef this association do meet upon the second Monday ef eviry moatb , or oftener should the president or secretary require it , at seven o ' clock ia the evening , for the transaetion of besiness . 8 . —That it shall bs tko duty of the secretary to keep a book containing the names of the persons admitted a * member ? of this association , with the date of their admission ; and that upon any person having been duly admitted a member , tha secretary shall deliver such person a card of admiggien , and a copy of the rales and object signed by him , and that the secretary shall also keep a book containing mlnutcc of the proceedings of # hta HBIAAimtlAn

      9 , —That it shall be the daty of the treasurer to keep a book eoRtnlaing an account of the Bums received by him for entrance money of members , with the names of members and the date of their admission ; and of the sums received by him , with the names of subscribers ; and of all other monies received by him for or on account of this association , and of all disbursements made by him on account of and out of the funds of this association ; and that he ahall not make any payment on account of the funds of this association except upon an order signed by at least thr « e members of the finance committee ; and that it shall be his duty to submit his accounts to'be audited whsnever required to do so . 10 . —That all books , papers , and writingsef orbelonging to { this association , shall at all times be open to the inspection of the authorities , and to every member of the association , upon giving reasonable notice to the secretary , 11 . —That no member of this association shall act in the capacity of delegate or representative ; and if any person shall assume or presume to act in any such capacity , he shvll be forthwith expelled from the Irish Universal Suffrage Association ; and that no person whatsoever shall be admitted as delegate from any other associatieu . Patbick O'Higoinb , President . Williah H . Dsott , Secretary ,

      _____.___________ Tfmpmai Fjamameni*

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      Untitled Article

      MONDAY , March « , THE HOUSE OP L 0 RD 3 sat for a short Unn . The Hew Zealand Government Bill was read a third time and passed . HOUSE OF COMMONS .-The Chairman of the Carlisle Election Coramitteo reported tbaf Mr Dison and Mr Hodgson were not duly elacted . Pbitjieoe . —Mr Q . Bsbkeiet gavo notice of his intontion to move that all the standing orders relative to breaches of the privilege of the house be rescinded , as they were of no use whatever . Fieet in the Tagpb . —To a question from Mr Homz , Lord Palmebsxon stated that orders had been given for tho withdrawal of the bulk of our squadron from Portugal . Admiral Napier bad received instructions to return home and the only usual force to protect British subjects and property would remain . Mexican War . —In reply to Mr Robinson ,

      Lord Palmebston said that , when the last accounts left Mexico , negotiations were in progress for the cessation of hostilities . The local negotiators had , he believed , every desire to eome to terms , but it would rest with the United States Government to daclde whether they would accept the terras laid down or not . Case of Anhitte Meybbs . —Mr Ewart begged to ask the Secretary of State for the Homo Department whether it was intended to carry the sentence of death pronounced on Annette Meyers into execution ! Sir G-. Gret : I can give no otber answer to the qu « stion than to say that the whole official hnonlodge I have of the subject is dcrivad from a letter which I have r » . ceived from the Lord "Chief Baron before whom the prisoner was tried , staling what has been tbo verdict of the jury , and that that verdict was accompanied by a re . commendation to mercy . ( Hear , hear . )

      Lobd Palmeiiston and Ma Uhqohaut . — Mr Un < &o . babt said that on Wednesday last tho noble lord the member for Tiverton ( Vircount Palmerston ) bad attributed to him corrupt motives in making the statement he did respecting the noble lord ' s conduot in the Foreign Office . The corrupt motive bo attributed to him Ran , that on his ( Mr Urquhart ' s ) being removed from office , he had made those charges , and continued to make them . He believed that any imputation of that kind would and ought to disqualify him , if true , for having the honour of a seat in that house ; and he was sure that If tha imputation were false , he would be equally disqualified he did not rebut it . He had therefora to nay that it was incumbent on tha noble lord to bring forward the grounds on whioh he made that statement ; bat without waiting for those grounds being mentioned , he ( MrTTrqu . hart ) would state two facts . The faet was , that he had been in conflict with the noblo lord from the first moment they had eome in contact —( laughter )—

      en all matters connected with foreign affairs— , that he had been in contact with the noble lord directly from 1831 , and that the noblo lord had used under-hand means to fnjare him , —( cri » s of ' oh , ' )—previous to tha year of bis appointment to offiae . He declared that the noble lord had represented him to foreign governments at that time as a Russian agent , and it was stated to the bouse , without refutation by the noble lord , that he said that the project of the treaty whieh two so much commented upon was a Rassinn project . It was after that he ( Mr TTrqahart ) received his appointment , not because he concurred with the noble lord , but beoause the noble lord concurred with him , ( laughter , ) and meaauros were urged by him upoa tho noble lord contrary to his previous course . The seoond fact he would refer to was this that on being removed from office by the noble lord be made no complaint op account of his removal , but , oh the contrary , expressed gratitude for being relisted from the portion he had occupied .

      Lord PiliHEBSTOH had certainly stated the other daj what was his impression of the motivos which bad induced the hon . member to make these charges against him , an impression corroborated by the hon . member's statement—that bis removal from office bad contributed to inspire him with thoae opinion ! as to hie ( Lord Palmerston ' s ) conduct he had since expressed . ( Hear , bear . ) The hon . member had stated on a former occa . sion that he believed he had been sacrificed for the purpose of furthering his views of general polley . Hib opinion as to the honourable member ' i motives might foe right , or it might ba wrong , bat be ceuld not retract It . ( Hear , hear . ) He should however hava ne objection to lay before the house the letters to which the hon . member referred , the whole of which ha belisved had been published ia the newspapers . ( A laugh . ) Tbo bon .

      gentleman had said that from the first moment they bad come into contact they had come into conflict , and thatlia was appointed not because he concurred with me ( said the noble lord ) but because I concurred with lilm . I never before heard that concurrence between two persona was proof of conflict . ( Hear , and a laugh . ) The hon . gentleman BOjfl that I had endeavoured to under , mine and iojure htm previous to bis appointment ; whoever told him that has misinformed him , ( Hear . ) But I certainly must admit that when I appointed the hoa . gentleman I was told by some friends ot mine whokaan him well that I had done a most injudicious act —( hear , and laughter)—but so far from underminisg or abandoning him , believing that I had made a preper appointment , I maintained it , and the hon . gentleman went out to Constantinople , ( Hear , bear . )

      Wats and Mbanb . — On the erier of the day forgoing into Committee of Ways and Means , Mr Home pointed out to the house the unusual and irregular mode adopted by the government in reference to the budget . Even supposing tho income tax aBked by the Chancellor of the Exchequer were granted , thero would still remain a largo deficiency , about which tha house was loft in total ignorance . He did not know an instance In which the house voted a tax to make up a portion of a deficiency , unless tbej were previously informed how the remainder was to be obtained . The hon . member appealed to Sir R . Peel to deolare If he knew any case in point . SirB . Peel , affecting not to have distinctly hoard the question , and glancing maliciously at the Treasury bench , said , Ittainb , if my recollection serve me right , that four years before I entered office in 1841 the practice was in favour of leaving deficiencies unprovided for

      ThehouBe went into Committee of Ways and Means , and the resolution for the continuance of the present income-tax , for a time to be limited , waB proposed . The Chanobims of the EtcnrQUER reiterated his former statement , that it waB his intention to apply the balances of the Bxeheq'isr to the payment of tho C » ft * re war expenses , and tho naval excess , viz ., £ 1 , 315 , 000 . ; and by thus ' bridging over' the proeent time , they would be able to go on without borrowing : and , what with reduction of general expenditure , and what with an improved revenue , he hoped that at the end of three years the income would be equal to the expenditure of the country .

      Mr Heebies deprecated the propeeol of the Hghthon . gentleman , who , afar having produced two budgets , left the whole question incomplete . To pay out of the balances of the Exchequer was a aiost insufficient and unconstitutional mode of making provision far a deficiency—In fact it was no provision at oil , because those balances were already disposed of . To think of having recourse to moro deficiency bills , and under tho operations of tho existing Banking Lawg too , was , in his opinion , ft most unparliamentary and objectionable course , ¦ ' Mr Home knew of only one way to meet the difficulty that Yfas to reduce the expenditure of the country . / Hear hear . ) He would never consent to the re-Smnositio ' n of ine income-tax for one year longer , were it not that time might bo given for a full consideration of this cubject and that an opportunity might be afforded

      for r educing gradually our unnecessarily large establishments , ihe present deficiency was entirely owing to the enormous increase which had been made in these esta blishments daring the last few years . ( Hear , hear . ; It was not the falling off In the revenue that had OOCfl-Bioned it , for that had ltept up beyond his expectations , looking at the redactions made by tho right hon . g « ntleman ( Sir R . Feel . ) But our increased establishments bad absorbed the whole of the income-tax . ( Hear , hear , ) He bad taken some trouble in looking over tho documents that had been laid on the table o < the houne for tho purpose of explaining bow the country camo to be reduced to its present state , and from the examination he had made , he was prepared to say that if they chose to do so , they were in a condition to reduce their expenditure below their income , and below what their income would be had the Income-tax never been

      impesed . He hadtakonthe average txpenditure of the years 1845 , 1846 , and 1847 , and the average of 1833 , 18 S 4 , and 1835 , and from that lie would show that the entire of our income had been expended upon the additions that had been made to our military expenses . The averaga number of men ( regulars ) in the army , navy , and . ordnance In the years 1833 , 1834 , and 1835 , was 121 . 0 CO , and tho average expenditure was about £ 14 , 407 , 0 ? 0 . For the years 1845 , 184 G , and 1847 the averflge of men in the army waa 105 , 000 ; in tho navy , 40 , 000 : and in the ordnance , 10 , 000 ; making in all 165 , 000 ; and the consequent expenditure averaged £ 20 , 586 , 000 , being above £ 5 , 000 , 000 more than tho average txpenditure for 1833 . 3834 , and 1835 . An ; J for tho proBent year the total of men for army , navy , and ordnance waa set down at 177 , 008 , at an expense of

      £ 18 , 500 , 000 ; and , with the miscellaneous estimates , the total soat was . £ 23 , 000 , 000 . showing an Rdvance of £ 8 , 000 , 000 in tho annual expenditure since the year 1833 . ( Hoar , hear . ) Ho contended that neither policy nor justloe warranted them in continuing such a system , and that they ought to tell her Majesty's goverBment that they should act as every other party did tbat found themselves in difficulties . That , in short , they should try busk . If tbey albwed the Chancellor of tue Exchequer to go on in the course that had been pursued for the last thirteen or fourteen years , they would soon sea repudiation—ay , even national bankruptcy . He should therefore propose , that instead of tho worda fora timo to bo limited , " tho words ' not exceeding ' one year' should be introduced after the word ' time . a nd he begged to add that it was his intontion to tako theSeUBO Of tU . 0 COmmilteo upon the amendment .

      The Cuancblloe of the Exchequer oalled on tho commutes to reject the amendment . The Ihcotio and expenditure could not be equalised at the end of one year , and another throe years'income tas was indispensable . The right hon . gentleman attempted a defence of Sir R . Peel ' s consistency on the question of tho incomo tax ; and maintained , that free trade had not yet had a fair trial , and had not yot failed .

      Untitled Article

      Mr Swohbr supported the amendment . It was , in hla opinion , most objectionable to depend for £ 3 , 008 , 000 of permanent revenue upon a tax no unpopular and uncertain as an inoome tax ; and though he rvauld not refuse , under the existing circumstances of the country , to renew the tax for one year , he should strenuously refuse to vota it for a longer term . Reason and oxperlonca abundantly proved ( hat duties and customs should bo the basis of our permanent taxation , Mr O . J . Tcbner . Mr Robinson , and Mr Osboknb supported Mr Hume ' s proposal . Sip W . Cur made a speech in unqualified condemnation of tho Income tax , which he concluded by declaring feis intention to vote for the government proposition .

      Sir It . P £ EI observed that tho question of the further continuance of the Income tax , could not be separated from a consideration of the circumstances which had led to its impo « ition in 1842 , and itg renewal in 1845 , whioh circumstances he proceeded te recapitulate , in vindication of the government which had proposed , and the House of Commons whieh , by overwhelming majorities , had sanctioned its imposition and renewal . It had boen recommended to the houee by commeroial us well as financial considerations . Had direct taxation not been resorted to ia 1842 , the accumulated deficiency of years in 1843 would bars been about ten millions sterling . It was chiefly to avoid this deficit that tha tax was imposed in 1812 , and mainly with a view to lay the foundation of a better system of general taxation , that

      itwas renewed in 18 * 5 : When it wag renewed , his wish vras , that Its renewal should be for a period of five years , at tho end of which ho ventured to expreis a hope that it could be dispensed with altogether , from the buoyancy of the ordinary sources of the revenue . The right hon . gentlemen then advorted to tho great change in our commercial policy , whioh had been bused upon the continuance of tho tax , and declared that as long as he lived he would never repent the share which he had taken in Hie introduction of these changes . It had been predicted , when the incomo tax was Imposed , that other sources of income would give way , and that the assessed taxas , for instance , irould fall off , a prediction which had been falsified , the receipts from the assessed taxes being , la 1847 , about £ 100 , 809 greater than in 1843 , before

      direct taxation had been resorted to . He did not agreewith those who weuld substitute direct for indirect taxation , and thought that in time of peaoe thoy conldnot Bnfoly earry the principle of direct taxation much farther than they had carried it , He had found it impossible to RS 8 « nt tb « Other night to Mr Hortman's proposition . There might bo cases of individual hardship under the income tax , but he did not assent to the injustice oi its principle . Whilst tho tax existed , it should , in his opinion , be a tax on income , no distinction being made as to the different sources whence incomes were derived . If they desired to make a great national exertion , they might' substitute capital for inoome , but their present bnainess was to meet animal demands by annual exertion ) , and income , in so

      doing , should be substituted for capital . This was the principle on which all their taxation was based . He was not prepares ! to recommend na increase in the direct taxation of the country , or a departure from the principle on which our direct taxation was at present founded . As to ' the question raised by Mr Hume ' s amendment , ho weuld give bis decidsd support to tb ' e government in maintaining tha tax for three years more . He was fully sensible of the great difficulties with whieh the government had had to contend , in the shape of calamities , which were of rare occurrence , and which necossarily disturbed the financial policy of the state . He must admit that bo was alarmed at the gradual increase of the estimates , and sincerely trusted that , in the course of time , some useful reductions would be made . But these

      reductions must be made with due consideration , or they might ultimately occasion largely increased expense . In the present state of the country tbey could not look for any immediate reduction in our great establishments . He would also give his support to tha government because he was deeply sensible of the necessity which existed of maintaining the public credit . The right honourable baronet then proceeded to justify the commercial policy which he -had adopted in 1843 . He gave an explanation of hid celebrated letter to the people ot Elbing , Noj 7 , it has been said tbat I concealed the real objects with which I marie those propositions . ( Hea ? , he&r . ) It has been said that addrculng myself subsequently to a body of merchants in a distant town , the subjects of another country , I made a declaration at

      variance with my then cspresped opinions , ( Ironical enters frem the opposition .- ) - Why I Htterly deny it , ( Ministerial cheers . ) Why , I have seen in the newspapers a Utter purporting to have been written by me , which , in the first place , appeared to nave been a German translation of what I did write , and then an English retranslation of the German edition . ( Laughter and cheers . ) I am little desirous to repel tbeBO attacks ; I eare little about them ; but here is the letter I really did write , which Is that I apprehend by which I am bound . 1 The property tax was intended 1 —that is aot the commencement ef the letter , but I suppose I need not read what does not refer to tbo subject . I received an address from these gentlemen , and I wrote to thank them for it . After expressing my thanks , I proceeded— ' The property

      tax vras intended not merely to supply a deficit in the revenue na compared with tho public expenditure , but to lay the foundation of juster principles of taxation , to afford means for repealing duties on the raw materials of important manufactures , for exempting usefnl branches of domestic industry from vexatious regulations of excise , and for remitting taxation from several articles' imported ttom abroad which are essential to ihe comfort and enjoyment of the industrious classes of the country . ' That was what I wrete —( hear , bear ;—and I beg to ask if that was not in direct coincidence with all I had ever declared , and if I was not fully justified in saying that my object was to ' lay the foundation of jaster principles ef taxation . ' ( Loud Cham . ) There were twelve hundred articles of

      consumption subject to duties which led to restrictions and regulations much more ontrous eves than the taxes themselves . On 700 of those articles the duties were reduced , and on 500 they were entirely repealed . Was not tbat the foundation of a grrat commercial change ? If you say to me , ' You did not use words to that effect in this house , ' I reply that the very words in the letter are identical with words I used in debate . On the 2 Srd of Marob , 1842 , an intimation bating been thrown out that the government were not in earnest in proposing the change , and that I had not asserted or implied that the government staked their existence upon the success of their measures—on the 23 rd of March , 1842 , 1 used the following words in debate : — ' I propose this as a measure which involves the fate of the government . To

      have made such a declaration appears to me scarcely necessary . I do propose it — I speak not of minor dotails , but of the measure itself—as ths basis of the finnn . cial and commercial polioy of this country . ' ( Loud cries of ' Hear , hear . ' ) Well , there is a difference certainly between' bases' and' foundBtien , ' I leave you to make the most of it—' and ao a measure which I never could have consented to propose if I did not manliest my conviction of its necessity by risking my fate as a minister on it . The more I caneider the subject tbe mare deoplj am loonvinced that-this meaenre , and the measures which Rcoompany it , are necessary for the welfare of the country . ' Those are the exact expressions which I used in 1842 . I did then certainly express a strong doubt if it would not bo better to continue tbe tax for five years

      rather than for three , bat I expressed sanguine hope that at the end of five yearB it would be possible to repeal it . And when 1845 came my anticipations were realised , for I was able to show you is that year that there was a surplus of £ 5 , 009 , 000—that tho buoyancy of the re . venue was such as nearly to supply tbe void which had previously existed , and that it was then in your power , had you ss pleased , to have repealed the tax , instead of adopting a measure for the increase of the estimates and the remission of duties upon other articles . It was with a full know ledge of all these facts that tbe heuse consented io 18 i 5 to a revival of tbe tax of MM . Now , if the houeo ragret this , I aaid before , I muit obviously ooncede their right to express tbatTCgret , and to take a different course , 'but I do not want to shelter myself

      under their authority . So long as I live I shall never repont that I proposed this alteration In the commercial policy of the country —( cheers)—and Induced the House of Commons , net by fascination , not by smuggling , but by a full and explicit statement of facts , to impose and to continue the direct tax in question , in lku of the ro . pealed and reduced taxes to which I have referred . ( Hear , hear . } I have aode this statement in justice to those who , however tney fell off from me in 1846—( laughter )—were my cordial supporters in 1845 . ( Hear , hear , ) Sir Robert concluded by a reference to the French Republic : —Let me observe , that one of my reasons for assenting to the renewal of the mceme tax for three years , is precisely the recollection that it was immediately after the year of prosperity to

      which I refer that the heavy debt and the paralysing circumstances under which we novr suffer were thrown upon us , ( Hear , hear . ) I must own further that I am influenced fn my support of the tax ' scontinuanco for three years very materially by referenco to the wonderful ev « nts which have taken place within a very recent period In a neighbouring country . ( Ilear , hear . ) I regard them as amply justifying this eountry in not consenting to incur any risk of a largo debt in lie period of throe years . I should feel it to be utterly Inconsistent with sound p > Hcy , with ray 'tense of duty , to make any detailed reference to events which must have filled all here present with utter astonishment . ( Hear . ) Of this , let me say , I am perfectly confident , that tho true policy of this country will consist in the most complete , the moat absolute abstinence from all interference whatever in the internal affairs . of the country in wbicb such a

      wonderful revolution has taken place . ( Great and earnest cheering from nil Bides which lasted sometime , ) I hope wo shall continue to be enabled to exercise the rights of hospitality . ( Hear . hear . ) I think it is of the utmost importance tbat this country should always be enabled to offer a refuge to the victims of political convulsions . ( Hear , hear . ) England has been such in other timeB , and I trust it will long continue to be so . Wfeen the hospitalltyof this country has been taken advantage of to disturb the peace of other monarchies , 1 have always protested against such an abuse being permitted to exist ; and I am equally ready to take the same eourao with respect to a Republic . ( Hear , hear . ) I enrnoatly trust that this placo ofnfuge , and that tho hospitality accorded to fugitives in this country , will not be abused ; andthutall parties will set their faces against any intrigues that may be Bet on foot : for I hold that tbe same rule which applied to a monarchy is

      Untitled Article

      I ,, I . , in . MjaMMIIMIIIHIMII -1 ¦ ¦ MHril »« ll « IIIB equally good with respect to a republic . I confess that I heard with the grsates * satisfaction the declaration from her Majesty ' * government that they were . reBolved to abstain from all interference in tho internal affairs offraac * . ( Hoar , hear . ) If this detenaiwUon be carefully and strictly observed , it will diicourngo all other nations from any attempts at iaterferenco . I can . not but bear 1 » in my mind whilst regarding the present Biat * of thin « , thit France is at Miis moment-enduring tho thro . s of a groat experiment and I tfiarefore am not disposed > o attach any importance to tb ^ heats which manifeBt th » mselvos in tho journals of that conntry . I look with considerable interest st the position ef

      the provisional government that is established , and I cannot refrain from expressing my most earnest hopes thutthosa who may he called upon to govern the destinies of the French people will content themselves with directing their bffoits to their own social condition , I sincerely hope tha » they may succeed in constituting a government which shall ba strong and permanant in it « self ; and that whilst they endeavour to reconcile tbe perfect independence of their country with the rights secured by existing treaties , they will sat set an example of aggression , or of that desire for territorial figt ; ranc ! U <} ment which will , if manifested , peril the peace ofEuropo , » nd icfllot an irreparable injury on ths whole of the civilised world . ( Cheers . )

      Lord G , Beutincx said thai ihe question wag EOfc whether tbey were to endanger the credit ot tbe country , but whether tho bouse would retain in its bands ihe potver to revise our Bystam of taxation at the end of a year . A ? Sir R . reel hat ) fought bis battles over again einc » 18 i 2 , he would so back one year furtnir , for the purpose of sliowinc hove , in 1811 , he had deceived his frionds . If tho rigbt hon . ganlleman would n ^ vor repent the changes which bo had effected in . our crmmer . cIhI policy , he ( Lord George Bentinck ) would ask those around him , if they would cease to rrpenr , as loBg as tbey lived , the misplaecd confidence which they had reposed ia hiei ? ( Great cheers from tbe IVotec . tlonistbenobas . ) The nobUIerd then proceeded to re . yio « 'in detail tbe commercial changes of tbe last six years , to show that our free trade policy , -which

      enriched the foreigner at our expense , was > the dearest policy after all , and thattke monsy which we might save by our financial measures would , under fref . trade , have to be expended in armaments , to keep our ruined colonies in luhjactlon . The truth waa , tbat the govern * nj « it must retrace tinir steps , abandon their miBchie « toub policy , and must look for their revenue , as tko United State ; , to duties on foreign imports . On foreign manufactures be would impose a duty of thirty per cent . ; and tkore were few of our articles ef manufacture upon which the United States imposod so low a duty as thirty per cent . ( Hear , hear . ) What would be the result of an import du » y of thirty per cent ., on foreign silks might be judgkd of from what had been the result of the reductions of duty made by the right honourable baronet . In 18 S 8 there were 14 / 000 looms

      going in Spitalfitlds . In 1816 , when the trade had been ruined by tbe / oreigB coopeiiHon the right hon . baronet bad by bis laws tneouragtd , there were only 10 , 000—( hear , hear , )—and , at this moment , thtra were but 8 , 500 of these working . By those changes in the law , notouly bad £ 169 , 000 a year of revenue been lost in this article , but the operatives had bs « n robbed of £ 150 , 900 , or ths means of employing 7 , 000 families . Tlit same dioasirous result had followed the reduction of du'icB on BboeB nnd othor articles of manufacture , and j <; ' , with thtss faotis befors him , with the knowledge that thon . sands of tfcs hardworking operatives of this country had been rsdueed to a state of ruin and destitution by his acts , hebad tbe heart to tell them that he did not ropent tho policy wbicb had entailed upon hia cuuotry . man so much distress and suffering , ( Hear , hear , ) He

      remembered well when tbe right hon , baronet toM tbe Cornish miners , whan they complained of his bridging in foreign competition against them , that they must consider tho advantage ho gave them in admitting ; goose feather * duty free —( hear , and a laugb )—tbat tbey would bs enabled Io sleep on down beds , ( Lnii ^ hter . ) What were the down beds on which they w-. ru repo-Bing ! ne need not go so far ae Cornwall—he . would take St » ffordihirs ; and thero he found tbat out of ISO furnace sixty were out of blaat , and the minors wfea were to hav # anjoyed such unheard of luxury found that they were either tbrstvn out of work altogether or their wages wero reduced fifteen per cent . ( Hear , hear . ) Bxcept tha usurers—tbe representatives of the moneybags—he knew of no trade tbat had prospered under the operation of tbe right hon , baronet ' s free-trade po «

      licy . ( Cheer * , and cries ef Dlvid » , ' J The country was in the last gasp before before the Chancellor of the Exchequer would consent to removo tho Bank restrictions in order to briDg the rate of interest below eight per o » nt . There rraa another tax in -which , a considerable increase might be obtained at a less coBt , perhaps , than by other means . An additional penny on tbo psategs Trocld produce , lie beliaved , £ 850 , 000 , ( Cries of ' $ To , no . ' ) Why that would not fee so great a grievance as the income tax . 'When the reduction was roft . de , It was estimated by tbe promeUrs that within three years the number of letters would increase 5 } times , and tbat 1 \ millions would bo added to tho revenue ; but had these predictions beoa fulfilled ? ( Cries of ' Question , ' and ' Divide . ' ) The question was , whether or not the country was to have imposed upon it for three years

      longer tho incomo tax , whioh had become extremely odious to the country , and not tha less so because on each previous occasion of its being put on—first in 1842 , and then again in 1843—the country had been distinctly promised , that it should be but for a short time . ( Heiir . > Faitk had n 9 t been kept with ths country in thismntteiy and t&e people were dissatisfied—as they bad a right to be when statesmen deceived them by false promises , ( Hear , hear . ) Either they must retrace their steps and raise laxeafrom foreign Jmpo * tB , or , if the luxuries as well as the necessaries of life were to bn reduced , let tbem take tsventy-fivo per cent , from the incomes of those wbe live on the taxes of tho country . ( Much cheering , mingled with cries of ' Divide . ' ) When they found the wages of the Spitalfielus weaver reduced twenty to twenty-five per cent . —when 20 , 000 operatives were out of work in Man .

      cheater for montBB together , and thoBe meetings , at which he had an account in bis hand—(' oh , oh'J—fent would not read at that late hour , were being held to considsr whether or not the operatives of Lancashire and Cheshire were to be sent aorosB the Atlantic to share tho fate ef the wretohed Irish omigrantB—( h : ar , hear ) —they must not allow tbe large birds of pny to escape scot freo with their largo salaries and cheap luxuries . ( Hear , and cries of ' Oh , oh , ' ' Question , ' and ' Divide . ' ) If this was to be made the cheapest country in the world , cheap because the wages of labour were groBnd dowB to tho lowest possible rate , let tho salaries of those who fattened on the public taxas be redused also . { Hoar , hear . ) Let

      twenty-five per cent . be taken off the salary of the Lord . Lieutenant of Ireland , who , being a freo trader himself , could scarcely object , when it was necessary to maintain his own views . ( Hear , and alnugh . ) And let all the ether public offices suffer 3 similar reduction . ( Hear . ) What he recommended was to allow this Income Tax to remaie another year , sad in the mean time ascertain whether they could not reduce the txp ^ nditure of the country without impairing the efficiency of eur establishraents and if sot , whether they should re-impose this tax fora still longer period or havo recourse to a different system of taxation altogether . ( Hear , hear . ) He would conclude by calling upon his friends around him to re . member

      ' Tbat an honest man might once take bad advice , But idiots only could be doceived twice . ' Mr Wilson moved the adjournment of the debate , which , after some confuBion and discussion , was curried . The Cbaixxah reported progress , and tfce debate was adjourned to Friday . Mr IiABoccnEBE moved tbe committal of the Pas . sengerB Bill . Hr Wawk oppos »< 3 It , andtheEonso divided—For going into committee 99 Against if 6 Majority 93 The bill passed through committee . The other orders were dispoied of , and the house ad . iournedat a quarter past two o ' clock .

      TUESDAY . HOUSE OF LORDS . —The royal assent was piven , by commission , to the Consolidated Pund and New Zealand Government Bills . HOUSE OP COMMONS . —Lord Ashwy reported from the Lyme Regie election committee tbat T . N , Abdy , Esq ., had been duly eleoted . Mr Imboochebe , in reply ta Mr Hume , stated , with reference bo Van Dlemen ' s Land and the Australian colonies , that tbe government hoped to bo nblo , before the close of the session , to propose measures for extending free Institutions to theae colonies . His answer not bBing satinfactery to Mr Humo , he gave notice that he should bring in a bill himself on the subject . After a short discussion , Mr S . Craytfokd obtained leare to bring In a bill for securing the rights Of OUtgoing tenants inIroland .

      Mr Laboucherb , at the instanco of Lord G . Bentinck , explained some recent transactions wnich had takea place in Demtvarui'ilativo to tllQ HtdlG of labour in that eolony . It was true that some incendiary fires had taken place , but measures had been immediately adopted by the governor to restore order , which ho hoped would be effectual . The Riot in Tbapalqar-square . — Mr It . Mimes wished to put a question to the right hon . gentleman ( Sir 0 . Grey ) as to the collision whioh took place yesterday in Trafalgar-square between the people and the he

      police . ( 'Oh , ' and a laug h . ) A meeting was , as had been informed , held there yesterday , called together by a certain individual , which meeting was allowud to tako place , and the proceedings were carried o » in a perfectly pa . « aUe manner ; many speaker , ware heard , and p erfect decorum and tranqullity wni on hs part of the people obeerved . But after tho speaking hud Cfased , and when the meuting was about te disperse , a e » Msion took place between the people and the police , which resulted , as he u nderstood , in grave consf quences . Ho thought , under these ciroumatanceB , it was desirable tbe houss should know wbnt were the directions which had been given to the police in respect to this meeting—( on oh ) becauso lie believed , on the one hand , that the frcost discussion by the people of all public matters

      win the bestsecunty for tbe public peace in this country _•( honr , htar)—und on the other he believed the police force of this metropolis were always anxiouB to do tbeir duty in the best and most satiBfao o > y manner . ( Hear . ) Sir G . Geet—Tho meeting to whioh tho hon . member has referred vraa oonvened by an individual as he had \ ,

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      TITE LA RBPUBLIQUE . Aroaiethee , Britannia ! awake from thy slumbers , The tocsin has saunded to freedom the call , Ihe nstfo ns of Europe have risen in numbers , TohcmWe tneir tyrants , anfi traret from their tbnU . Crown * , mitrei . Bceptres , and such useless things , Are fading away ' midst the ruin they seek ; The downfall of tyrants , of priestcraft , aad kings , Is tee cry of the free , and five to ifcpubligue . All honour and praise to the brave sons of Gaul ¦ ffto have crumbled the throne of a tyrant to dust ; Tbe slave and the free both r-joicejin the fall 6 f the traitor and tyrant—th « fold kiBg of lust . Brave ia the fight—mercy shown to the vanquished— . Froclaio you ss worthy the trinmph you seek ; In slavery long your brave children have laagaished , Then raise high the shout of Tie * Ia StpubUque . How-long shall Britannia in rags and starvation , See her lion lie dormant « Dd eoacasnt in chains ? Then rouse ye np triumphant to win her salvation , And give 03 the fruit vrhick sweet liberty guns , The voice of thy sons shall yet shake thi bigh pile , Thai ' s barred te their trams and the rights which they seek , Soon , soon trill the foee of this cla 58-goverced isle Raise the cry of the Charter ! Fiw la Htpwllquc . AHQErin , dear Erin ! thon poor laad of 6 lav ry , The Trorkshop of tyrants , base traitors and foes ; Horr long shall falsa friends with their ' blarney' deceive ye , ¦ While want and disease fill tbo cup ot tby woss ! Like thy own native shamroct—three leaves upoa one stem , Unite with the thisUe , tha rose , and the leek ; Tnimpet-tongned shout your rights , till from fear ye have won them , Or raise loud the cry of "Fire la Rtpublique . Tfans unitea , bass faction mil quail at our might , And be pleased to give that vrfl-cb . our power csuld obtain , A repeal of all grievances , and the just right . To live ob the wealth tkatour energies gain . Bat sheuld they insanely in pride ipnrn our prayer , And bid as in other lands libirty seek , Ooe load and deep echo will ring through ths air , The U JtoKbUaiie . ' Ti « . ' TiM to & $ vMiquc . ' Edwih Giil .

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      The following Eong is the production of that goon man , and true pttriot , the late William Roacoe , 0 ! LiTerpool , and M . P . for that borough in 1809 . It appeared on the breaking out of the French . ReYoltr tioninl 7 S 9 ; atd I think you will agreswith me that the sentiments trhicb it breathe * are holy . Dear sir , if you think its pnblfoation _ in the Stab no < aa encroachment on your space , its insertion in that luminary would greatly oblige , Tours respectfully , JoHH Rqssdes . P . S . —It sings admirably to the tune commonlj ealled ' Green on the Cape . ' THE DAT STAR OF LIBBKTT . O ' er the rine-coverid hill * , and gay rejioasofFrancSj See the day star of Liberty rise—Through , clouds of detraction tmweari'd advanee , Aad hold its new course in the Ekies , An effulgence so Hild , with a lustre so bright , All Europe with wonder surveys ; And frem desert * of darkness , and dungeons of night , Contends for ft share in the blaE 3 . Let Sorke , like a bit , from its splendour retire , A splendour toa strong- for hia eyes ; let pedants and fools his sffssions admire , Entrapt ia his cobwebs like flies . Shall frenzy and sophistry hope to prevail , Wb « n reason oppoies her weight ; TFBen the welfare of millions is hung in the scale , Anft the balaace yet trembles with fate t 8 h ! wio mid the darkness of night wenld ebide , That can taste the sweet breesei of morn ! And who that has drank of the chrystalline tide . To the feculent flood would return ! When the bostm of beaBty the throbbing heart meets , Ah ! wbo would the transport decline ! And who that has tasted of Liberty ' s sweets , The priie , but with life , would resign ? But ' tis over , nigll HeaTe » the decision approves , Oppression has struggled in Tain ; To the Hell she had formed , superstition removes , AaU Tyranmy gnawi its own chain . Ia the records of tima-a new era nnloHs , Ail Nature exults ia the birth ; His creation benign , the Creator b « holds , And gives a new charter to earth . Oh ! eatch its high import , ye winds as ye blow , Oh ! bear it ye waves as ye roll—Prom the nations th * t fe § l the sun ' s vertical glow , To the farthest extremes of the pole . Bqial rights , eqwl laws , to tbe nations aronad—Peace aad friendship its precepts iaapars , Ani wherever the footsteps of man caa be found , Hsyhe bind the decree on his heart . ¦

      Aebftfcu _

      aebftfcu _

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      THE LABOURER . A Monthly Magazine of Folitics , literature , Potiry , &t . No . XV . March . Edited by Fbabgus O'Cokkoh , Ee ? ., M . P- and Ernest Josbb , E * q . London : forthem Star Offiee , 16 , Great WUdnull ^ trest , Haymarket ; James Watsoa , S , Qaeaa ' s-Head-pas-Eage ; Manchester , Abel Hey wood . This number of the Labours is moretnan usually rich and . raried . The limited spaes of our psper , taken up , as it i 8 , by political movements of mighty import , precludes oar dwelling at length upon the eontents ofthte excellent number . Next week , howerer , we propose , if possible , to JHstifj our praise by attracts . Ernest Joses contributes a splendid poem , it might be called an annaJ of recent erents . entitled 'The March of Freedom . ' 'The Dying Speech and Confession of an Ex-King , ' is excellent . The current c hsper of the ' Insurrections , is at present of peculiar interest , as illustrating the origin Of liberty in Switzerland—while ' The Romance of 3 People' eontain 3 s . truly brilliant account of the Battle ofGrochew . oneof the most surprising ereat % ef any age . Altogether , we strenuously recommend this number to all intellectual readers .

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      TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORDS SPIRITUAL AND TEMPORAL OF THE UNITED KINGDOM IN PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED . THE PETITION OF ROBERT OWEN . Shewetb , —That in the excited state of Europe , when the great contest between Aristocracy and Democracy has arisen , truth alone can save both parties from the prolonged dire effects of Violence , plunder , and bloodshed , with which such conflict and hatred , if not prevented , caunot fail to inflict npon the population of the present half civilised ¦ world . . That it -will be true wisdom in all parties to adopt decisive measures to prevent the further progress of this conflict , seeing the results of Its commencement in Switzerland , Italy , and France . That the wisest course to adopt ia this country , being the most easy to execute by the present go-Ternment . and to secure the safety of persons ani property , without change in position of the Hpper classes , " will be at once to go to the real root of the evils of society , both in principle and practice . By this proceeding all will be permanently benefited ! and ne one will he injured in mind , body , or estate . The aristocracy will be enabled io retain their titles and proper ty , as long as they may desire without let or hindrance ; and the Democracy will , through their own exertions and new position , be so placed that they will gradually be elevated in their condition , and have no cause to envy any parties , nor desire to change places with those who now possess titles , property , and distinction , in consequence . That by going to the root ot the evils which now a&Tict society , in principle and practice , and superseding them b y'trne principles and consistent practice , there will be no difficulty to effect that which ephemereal writers and politicians ^ understand ' . not , and say is impracticable , namely , that it is visionary to g ive productive and profitable employment to all ; to g ive them a good and valuable character , and to place them virtuously instead of viciously , as all classes are nove placed throughout the world . That it wiil be true wisdom in the Democracy to allow the existing governments to make the change from the present , system of falsehood _ and folly to that of tr uth and common sense ; and in the governments hcanily and honestly to make the change . That your petitioner knows the means by which this change can he most beneficially effected for all parties , and he is willing and ready to deveiope them to efficient , practical men , with minds sufficiently expanded to comprehend the difference between a fake and trUG sys tem of society ; between two states of human existence totally distinct , the 6 ne continually creating injustice and evil , the other perpetually producing progressive prosperity , - and superior conduct and happiness for all . Your petitionerjlherefore , prays that efficient mea- ] sures may lie adopted to have this vitaPsubject fairly and fully examined and reported upon . And jour petitioner will for ever pray , &c . Robert Owes . London , March 6 ih , 1848 .

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      , . . . — . UNION OF ENGLISH AND IRISH REPBALER 8 CONFEDERATES ,, AND CHARTISTS .

      . i ' [ [ i TO PATHICK O ' HIGGIN 8 , SSft . Sir , —An aggregate public aeeting of the Eaglish aud Irish Repealers of the Manchester district , will take place on the erenin g of the 17 th ef March , ( St Patrick s day ) , in the Free Trade Hall , to consider the best means of forwarding the cause of Repeal iB England ; aad the committee appointed t » make arrangements for the meeting , would feel proud and thankful , and esteem it a great fatour to themselves , and to the Repeal body here , if you would be pleased to attsnd . Mr W . S . O'Brien , Mr P . O'Connor , a deputation from the Irish Confederation , and several other leading Irish and English Repealers , ire expected to attend . * I hare the honour to be , sir , Tour obedient humble serfant , Jamks Smith , Secretary . Manchester and Salford Confederates . 93 , Great Anceats-etreet , Feb . 17 , 1848 .

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      TO JAMES SMITH , BSCj ., SECRETARY TO THE UAXCHESTER AND SALFORD CONFBDERATE CLUB . Sir , —I have the p leasure of acknowledging the receipt of jour polite letter , 5 nvitin 5 me to attend an aggregate public meeting of the English and Irish Repealers of the Manchester district , to be held in the Free Trade Hall , on tbe 17 th of March . Be assured , sir , that I feel highly honoured by this invitation , and shall attend your meeting with more pleasure than ever I attended a public meeting ; because that meeting will , I hope , lay the foundation of a cordial union between the English and the Irish people—a union which I have always bef n most anxiousl y desirous to see accomplished ; and which , in my humble opinion , will ultimately , and at no vety remote period , overthrow tyranny and oppression in both countries . The idea of repealing the TJnien , without the aid of our noble and generous English brethren , appeared to me to be perfectly absurd ; and the refusal to receive that aid , and the insults flung from time to time upon them , was not only mischievous , but anti-Christian . Thank God ! you are going to put an end to this ' foreTer . ; "With respect to the Repeal of the Union itself , my opinion is , that the Irish leaders of that great ! question , never took a . step towards its achiere-¦ ment . . I The late Mr O'Connell knew right well tbe difficulties tbat stood in the way of Repeal . He also knew full well that the means he employed were not adequate to the end ; but he took right good care that his followers should not know this . He knew that the Sovereign , had not the power to repeal the Union , nar the power to call an Irish . Parliament in Dublin , or any place else . He knew that the Repeal of the Act of Union would not confer one solitary right on the Irish people . He knew that the repeal of the Union Statute would not resuscitate the Irish Parliament—that is to say , threehundred Commoners and one hundred Lords . , He knew that the Union could not be repealed , except by means which he affected to repudiate . 1 st . —By an extension of the franchise sufficiently large to empower the electors to return none but pledged Repealers—that is to say , pledged to oppose every ministry but one that would make the Repeal of the Union a Cabinet measure . 2 nd By fighting for it . And , in the discussion with Alderman Butt ( page 191 ) , Mr O'Connell said , he would accept of an 'inferior and dependent Parliament ; ' and this degrading proposition was cheered by Irish Repealers . The surest mnde of effecting & Repeal of the Union is that which your great aggregate meeting contemplates—namely , a union of all parties favourable to that measure—and , I would add based as it should be on the subjoined principles . Thanking you , and the managing committee , most sincerely for the distinguished konour you have conferred on me , by your invitation to assist in establishing a union of honest men for the attainment of ri ghts , in which all are equally interested , and in the benefits of which all shall be participators , I am , Your obedient sen-ant , Patrick O'Higgiks . Dublin , February 27 , 1848 .

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      THE IRISH TJKITERSAL SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION Is founded apem the purs and genuine prtneiples of RADICAL RBFORtf ; Its motto is , ' PBiCE—LiW—ORDER . ' A-ndiisoiQKtiS i 70 ESCCRE A FULL , FREE , AKD FAIR RKP 8 ESEKTATIOS OP THE PEOPLE IN IHB COUHOXS' HOUSK OF FARLUMEKT .

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      PRINCIPLB 3 . I , —That the power of making laws for this realm , is , by tha constitution , lodged in ths bands of the iorereiga , the lords of parliament , and the representatires ef the comcioni . 2 . —That it is required by the principles of the Constitution , tbat the whole body of the peop [ e should be really represented in the House of Commons . 3 . —That the present system of virtual representation is not real representation , and is , therefore , no representation st all . i . —That those who hava no votes for electing repnteatatires are the slaves of the representatives of those who have votes . 5 . —Tb&t where there is no repreientation , there can be do canstitntiona ! power of taxation . 6 . —That the rich and the poor , being of ths same species , are under the same laws of nature : and being alike capable of benefit or in ; urj from their legislators , necessarily bare in tbe election of those legislators , tke same right ; But lh « rich . In de / isnee of their liberty aad property , - hays every advantage which rrealth , knowledge , aad the purchased powers of others , afford them , while the poor , destitute of theie , hav » no security , but in the purity of legislation , nor anj means of self-defence bat in the repossession of the elective power . The poor , then , have an equal right , bat more need , to elect represeatativesthan the rich . THE KOPLE ' B JIOHTi . 1 . —Tfeat every male inhabitant of Great Britain and Ireland ( infants , insane persons- , * nd' criminils only « xcepted ) 1 b of common right , and by the laws of God , a free man , and entitled to tbe full enjoyment of political libsrty . 2 . —That it is essential to & man ' s political liberty that be bare a share either in legislation itself , or in the electing of those wbo are to frame tne las * , ' which , although they ought to protect him ia thefull enjoyment of those absolute rights which are Tested in him by th « immutable law * of nature , may yet be fabricated t » the destruction of tis person , bis property , bis religions

      freedom , his family , and hig fame ; that , therefor ^ the right to UmvEBSiL Sdffbige ib an inherent right . 3 . —That it is a natural right of the people of this empire , and required by the principles of the Constitution , that they elect a new house of representatives ence'at least in every year ; because , whenever a parliament continues in being for a lenger term than one geiiion , then thousands itIjo since it iras chosen have attained to man's estite , ( that it to say , the age of twenty-one years ) and are , therefore , entitled to enter into immediate possession of . that elective power which is their beat and most sacred inheritance , are in that ease , unjustly de . nied tfceir right , &ad excluded from the eDjoyment of political liberty . 4 . —That it is , therefore , right andjustthatall the male inhabitants of this kingdom , ( infants , insane persons and criminals excepted . ) shall fully , fairly , and completely enjoy the Elective Franchise , that is to say , Universal Suffrage ; that , in order to protect the poor elector against tyranny , the voting shall be b y Ballot ; that the parliaments snail be Annual ; that t&e Property Qualification shall be Abolished ; tbat tbe whole empire shall be divided into Equal Electeral Districts "; and tbat the representatives of the people shall be paid . KEXKfi TO ACHIEVE THOSE SliSHTS . 1 . —By-creating a public opinioa in favour of vhose rights and principles , through tbe medi'im of public meetings , petitions to parliament , discussions , lectures , cheap publications , and the newspsper press ; and also by securing the return of members to parliament , pledged to support the object of the Association . 2 . —By raising : the requisite funds , by subscriptions and voluntary donations , to defray tbe expenses of the Association . .

      RCLES 6 F THE IB 1 SH D . NIVEESAL SUFFBiQE ASSOCIATION . 1 . —That all persons acquitsfiing in the object of this association shall be eligible to become members , by paying one sliilliHg annually in advance , and sixpence for a card and a copy of the rules , 2 . —That no religions or sectarian discussion shall be permittt-d at any of the meetings of this association . 3 . —That a standing committee of thirteen members , seven of whom to be workiBg men , be chosen by ballot , at a general meeting of this association , out of which committee the oScers shall be selected ; and that the officers do consist of a president , two woe : president 8 , a chief and an assistant secretary , a treasurer , and finance committee of three or m ^ re members , as tbe general cosimiitee may deem necessary ; and that five members of the committee , three of whom to be working men , do i form a quorum ; and that at tbe expiration of six months from tbe appointment of Bach committee , as well as of every succeeding committee , ihe six members whose nuiOES are last upon tbe list shall retire , but be eligible to bs re-eleeted . Provided , howevtr , that no perBOD shall t ' . rtafter be eligible to be elected a member of the

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      ^^^ fitw —— — ABURESS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE of tue national association of UNITED TRADES OF GREAT BRITAIN . FOR THE PROTECTION OF INDUSTRY AND THE EMPLOYMENT OF LABOUR IN AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURES . President . T . S . DUHCOMBB , EE « ., M . P . yORFlNSBURT . TO THE HEROIC CITIZENS OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC . Liberty , Equality , Fraternity . . Brethren . —We hasten to offer you our heartfelt congratulations on the unprecedented and immensely important tictory you have achieved over the most renal and corrupt government that ever insulted a brave and enlightened nation , and the most ungrateful and perfidious tyrant that ever disgraced a throne . This , your latest , noblest , complefest victery , will j stand out gloriously prominent in the future history of nations , a bright example for imitation to the oppressed , a terrible and it is to be hoped a salutary warning to the oppressor . The crimes and treasons of an eighteen years' despotism , conspicuous alone for its dishonoured pledges and violated oaths , has been paralysed , and its elements scattered through the earth , 'in the hour of its greatest strength and most confident security , by one vigorous effort of an indi gnant and insulted people ; thus demonstrating that for a nation to be free , it is sufficient tbat 6 he wills it . Citizens of Par is , you have wisely willed and have as nobly won . your freedom j may you take heed to secure to the end of all time your glorious conquest . Frenchmen , we admire and do fitting homage at your cool and undaunted bravery in the terrible hour of conflict ; we still more admire aud honour your stoical virtue and chivalric magnanimity in the hour of triumph ; yon nobly disdained to sully the brilliancy of your victory by oue act of unnecessary cruelty , but greatly enhanced your triumph by the most geuerous and unmerited forbearance on the wretched victims of your just and well regulated indignation . We , the representatives of the miseries and unredressed wrongs of the trades of England , owe you a debt of gratitude for your avowed deterraination to accomplish on this occasion , not alone your political , but your social redemption . We hail this as the harbinger and advent of our own deliverance . We , like you , are struggling to secure the fulfilment of the first and highest law of humanity' That he who produces shall be the first ta enjoy . ' Like you , we have sown for others to reap like you , we have toiled for others to enjoy ; and like you , we are resolved no longer passively to endure so great and monstrous an injustice .

      we . await , then , with the most intense interest the deliberations of the ' Commission de Gouvernement pour les Travailleurs ; ' we would caution you against the machinations and sophistries of those who would prolong their unjust monopolies , by references to the canons of a spurious and cold-hearted philosophy . The false doctrines , of political economy , and the consummated victories of free trade , have only tended to augment our poverty , and , as it would appear , to perpetuate our degradation . The great apostle of this monstrous deception has visited your country to disseminate those specious princi ples . A league of capitalists is forming throughout Europe to strengthen and concentrate their ascendancy . Let a Labour league of the nations be established to emancipate its sons from their intolerable yoke . Let the ' organisation of Labour' be henceforth the question of the age . Our wants , our sympathies , our interests , are identical . Let , then , our wrongs inflicted , and our rights withheld , cement us in a holy indissoluble bond of brotherhood , and let our Labour league be the antidote and corrective to the conspiracy of capital . By the organisation of Labour we do not indicate merely the associating for the power of waging eternal war against the more prominent abuses of capital . The ainn and objects of the ' British trades , ' whose representatives we are , is to ebtain a thorough amalgamation of the rival interests , — Labour and Capital , —that the advantage to he derived from the improved mechanical and scientific inventions of the age may not be all monopolised by a class , numerically insignificant , at thg expense , and to the gradual destruction of the toiling millions . We are the producers of all wealth , and we have ( de jure ) the primeval right to the full use and enjoyment of that wealth which our skill and ingenuity , and our increasing industry , has produced . Let those who can show a better title , or dare Dispute the justness of our claim , throw down the gauntlet ; we shall gladly accept it ; with a firm determination to use every means which are honourable and consistent with our manhood to battle for the recovery and maintenance of our imprescriptible rights .

      The commercial and trading system of Europe is absolutely destitute of fixed principles . Its foundations are based on a quicksand of error . The keystone of its superstructure is iu the Zolverein , —protection to native industry to-day , and , may be , free trade to morrow . In enlightened England it is Free Trade to-day , and was Protection yesterday . It is every where a structure of miserable expe . dients , destitute of all honourable principle ^ and before the ripening manhood of intelligence is tottering to its destruction . Yours is the proud prerogative to give this thing of' shreds and patches' the final coup de grace . The heartless sophistries of Maltbus , and the more specious and plausible theories of the M' Culloch Echoel of political economy has fastened their cold grippe on British industry , and have paralysed its energies . Now then is the time for action . Speak but the ' word and maintain it , and that word sigi ) £ and | seals the death warrant of bondage over the prole- ; tarians of Europe . | This , Frenchmen , is your mission . You have : nobly fought and won your ' vantage ground . | We conjure , —we hope , —we know you will be | steadfast to the end . I Signed on behalf of the Trades of England

      ana Scotland , Wm Robson , F . Ghkbn , Wit . Pbel , Wm . Williamson . T . WIstkbs ,- ' E . Humphries . Wm . Shacki , eton . T . Barhatt , Secretary . To ihe President of the Commission de Gouvemcment pour les Travailleurs , Paris .

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      ¦ ¦ March 11 , 1848 . . THE NORTHERN STAR . 3

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 11, 1848, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1461/page/3/