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Northern Star (1837-1852), 3rd March 1849, Edition 1 of 3, Page 5

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      L' Ami du People . The usual letter of "L Aiii i > u Pectle " cannot appear this week , in consequence of *} , e sudden and severe illness of the writer .

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      fOAlMEMOBATIOX OF THE FRENCH HEVOI . UTIOX The iirst anniversary of the glorious Revolution , f February , 1848 , was celebrated by a public fesiir . il at the literary and Scientific Institution , Tiizroy-tfiuarc , on Monday evening last , February "fitli ' Ai seven o ' clock a numerous company sat J <«™ to tea . the fair sex mustering in strongforce . » ^ rr addition to the numbers present took daw after tea . Most of the persons present wore ihc r- 'l ribband , rosette , or scarf . The tea and fruit jjqmscd of , Mr . Stallwood moved that George lu \ ian Warne 5 ' V ? PP ° inted chairman of the meeting . 1 -tc ^ I to unanimously . "jfr . Giix ( Secretary to the Committee ) read the following letters : —

      PUBLIC MEETINGS .

      ( UTTER . TEOM . CITIZENS MCIS BLANC ASO CA . URSHMEBE . ) CitkeSn— We are profoundly affected by all that is con-- ieil jn T « lir svmpathetie and fraternal imitation . Vuu are assembled to celebrate the anniversary of the / rial and ploriousdevolution of February . In the nameof ih ? people wlio made that Revolution ; in the name of !] , « . . who cnmWtcd for mat Revolution ; in the name of t j |(« who are to-day its defenders , and of those who have l . c « i the martyrs , we thank you from the hottora of our It wmM have been pleasing to us to have heard the nftnknhich will ghirify the courage of the people « f Fejffuan-. tlitir moderation , their generosity , so cruelly pnjjMied to-day . We should have been happy to liave assisted m a manifestation designed to celebrate the establishment

      < , f tlie KejmUic , the accession of which was signalised by a lirnrhmation to forget past hatreds , by the abolition of Aath iiunifhnif nts , by the glorious adoption of the immortal uuitto— "Liberty . Equality , and Fraternity . " y . ut it is the misfortune of the situation in which the fury « f our enemies has placed us , that we are condemned to a reserve which does violence to onr mort legitimate sentinu-nts . Citizens , ive hope that your patriotism will en = Mf JOU to understand what this situation imposes npon us . Proscribed as we are , we cannot escape the usual snfftrinis of proscription ; and one of these sufferings , the most keen , is the constraint which compels us to send this apology for our absencefrom your festival . Receive our salutation and fraternal aeknowldgements . Locis Blot . ilAEC C . UTSS 1 DIERE .

      ftEITES PE 0 . M S . KTOD . ) Manchester , F « b . 23 rd , 1849 . Mr Heak IIak-vet , —i wife to exprees my regret that circumstances prevent me being ; present at the tea party , < . n M « nday next , the 26 th inst . TIic workmen who fought and fell on the 24 th of Feb ., fluA tlieir Wood in no mean or party strife ; theirs was a stniarli' for the right to live , the right to latonr . and the xidit ' to jiossess the fruits of their labour . All honour to tip hrro . -s of Paris ! Hay their blood sanctify the cause of humanity , and then- memories freshen the hopes for the It Tv < niWl > e madness to deceive ourselves—the struggle jc ii < -. t tt-t ended . The roots of feudalism are yet green nitli rap . and a wretched people groan under the .-iccumutood \ vmn ? s of ages . The iron rule of capital must be ab&hrd before peace can be permanent , and justice triumph- _ _

      TnuVrs , schemers , usurers , bankers , and profit-mongers non-rule . Can the revolution end thus ? Hot" lietter bow down before the Hun , and call A Tar tar lord—than there swoln sflk-wornis masters . " Franco' we owe yon much . Thrice have you roused the duns energies of Europe to action , and asked man to feel tin- dignity of life . You have shaken thrones , and are des-Sin «] to change srstems . Your rest is now disturbed ; Tf . « r heroes are exiled or imprisoned : you dream but to a « afc < ii to fresh priory and honour . If I judge yon rightly , vviir destiny is to 1 * the leader of the free . ' All respect to the memories of the martyrs of February —The heroes of the barricades ! and success to the Republic , lkmocratic and Social ! I remain , yours fraternally , (; . J . llarnev . Samcel Exdd .

      ( LETTER FEOM T . COOPER . ) 5 , Park-row , Knightsbridge , Thursday Sight , February 22 nd , 1849 . Peak Sib , —I regret to say that it is utterly out of my < wit to accept your invitation ; and the sentiment you < lt # iiv me to support makes me regret it the more . But it is iinpuftablc for me to he with toil "Tive la Rqmbliquc Deniocratique !" Tours truly , Mr . fiSL Thomas Coopeb . The" Cdairmas said , that without offering any observations of his own at that stage of the proceeding , he would give the first sentiment as follows : — T . i the Sovereignty of the People , and the fraternity and unitv of the Proletarians and Democrats of all nations . "

      Jlr . < K J . IIoiaoake said , lie liked speaking to " ihe people "—they were of more importance than either kings or queens . It was always a useful sentiment—it called the attention of the people to their n ' i-iits and duties . If royalty meant an increased rtiard for the people , he should admire it , but he hail never ¦ witnessed that regard , and , hence , he thuiurht the sooner the royalty of the people prevaileu , the hetter . ( Loud clieers . ) The Revolution of February was accomplished by the union of Socialists and Democrats in France , and the present tv : i < the time when a union of those two parties was required iu this country , ( near , hear . ) lie did not like ambiguity—hence , he desired to state what lie meant by Democracy , be meant self-government l > v the people ; and by Socialism he meant

      aniinprcveinent of the moral , social , and physical condition of the people . ( Loud cheers . ) Without these lie despaired of seeing the people happy . ( Hear , hear . } The reading of Chambers s Journal had made liiui more than half a Red Republican . In the ¦ pases of Chambers he found a recommendation of icaclion against philanthropy . Why , he had failed to discover where philanthropy existed—and , hence , lie did not know what there was to react against . ( Heir , hear . ) If governments would only practise | ihilanthropy , they might dispense with brute force . ( Heir , hear . ) Louis " Philippe , Guizot , Rossi , &c , ¦ wore all alike , and precipitated themselves on their own destruction . ( Hear , hear . ) The real Ref onaors , both Socialist and Democratic , should fraternise . Progress never could be retarded if union twiuse , Progress never could uc retarded it union

      [ and knowledge prevailed amongst the people . He I h : i > l yrcat pleasure in responding to the sentiment . ( Loud applause . ) ; Mr . James Buostekre O'Bkies said , the toast i given by the chairman should unite all Democrats l Wider one banner . There were plenty of humbugs I —as their friend Ilarney would call them—w £ o -would mouth about the sovereignty of the people , i Inn who would take cai'o to keep the actual sovej T « iuty of tbe state in their own bands , to ihe exclusion of the people . So far as those humbugs h v < rt * concerned , all the sovereignty that would fall s to tin- people reminded him of the sailor and the f prize money : "Ah ! " said Jack , " they shake the | prizes through a ladder ; all that go through Stlii-liars the officers get , and all that stick to the leuv fall to the share of the sailors . " Jack ' s share I was exactly the people ' s share of sovereiO Tty under

      the present system . ( Laughter , and cheers . ) Her jrratious Majesty , in her late opening speech from ilie throne , said a good deal about " invaluable instnutious . " Xow it was most curious , that every Jridiman who eould dispose of bis blanket , Ids bed , w his kettle , was rnning away from tbe land McsH-d with such happy institutions ; and , by the ' y , it was necessary to have a Coercion Bill , and to susju-nd the Habeas Corpus Act , to keep those in order who remained behind . It was not possible to establish the sovereignty of tbe people , unless the jHttpIc first learned to distinguish between what <» wl luul made , and wbat was formed by man . Tbe proiniriion of eaeb man ' s labour was fis own , but «« c land was the property of all . ( Great cheering . ) The tvast recommended the fraternity of the Proletarians

      , a Proletarian meant a man who gave Iu labour an-1 his offspring as guarantees to the « au \ Could the Aristocracy offer as good security ? ( % ar , Lear . ) The Proletarians of all lands should luihe . JVt the present moment an unholy alliance wisknlof the men of " rents and profits , " against the jvople . ( Hear , hear . ) The Frankfort Parliament had united thirty-five states , for the purpose « f centralising the physical force of despotism , so that if the Democrats of any one state rose against their oppressors , the whole physical force of the £ i « i's , Aristocrats , and money-mongers might be Iwoujrht against them , to ensure then : destruction ; but the people must unite as one man . A blow struck at their brethren in Vienna op Berlin , should he felt by tbe English workins men as ablow struck

      lat themselves . Koine ivas about to be attacked , land he regretted that no large public meeting ha < jLccn called to support the glorious Slazzini , and Ithe Italian people . ( Loud cheers . ) The English Iliad been talking about Universal Sunni ^ e for sixty | years past , and now seemed farther off it than ever . |\ 5 Me Rome had got it without talking ( Loud geneers . ) It afforded him great pleasure to see such gentimcnts as graced their programme submitted to I pnbheassemthge . He agreed with Jlr . Holyoake , ^^?^ f& ^} ea ^ js ^ sataiAae aow to produce ererytbmg ; hut , alas ! they knew got how to keep anytbing . But when the people load learned better , tbey would send tbe idlers of

      ttciety to school , to learn the doctrine of St . Paul To work , that they may cat . " He cordially reponded to tbe sentiment . ( Great cheering . ) jfr . T . Clark said . Like the preceding speakers , fully concur in the sentiment which has been wen from the chair ; and like them , too lam grati-¦« > to witness at this meeting the presence of some f . ™ most distinguished leaders of that party , ttL e ler -fofore confined their exertions to tt « mpts at Social Beform , and who up to a Ci ,- , ^ e remained wholly mdifferent about C&Reform . ( Hear . ) TluswasifcfshouMbe . j £ P \ Swul and Political Befonners should be »»^ . ifeol ) j «* s being the same . ( Cheers . ) ^^ f ^ of making the people the soTercign N O'n " * speeches of Messrs . Holyoake b refJ £ Ien > cann ° t be doubted ; I will , therefore , N 13 s ! H - that P " * of tne sftofat say . simplv , t " s-ree \ nth them ; but there is another TieV

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      of this question which I wish briefly to present to you . Is it not possible to have power , and still lack the neeessarv intelligence to make proper use of it ? ( Hear , hear . ) I think it is , —I do not , of course , mean that intelligence is to be made a condition or qualification / or the exercise of power , but merely to show how necessary if is that sound intelligence should , as far as possible , precede great changes , so that when the masses get power they may be able to apply it rightly and effectively . ( Cheers . ) For the faithfulness of this opinion , look to France at this moment . ( Hear . ) What is the Republican government now doing ? Hunting to death the very men whose courage and patriotism bad given birth to the Republic itself . ( Hear . ) What can more clearly illustrate the correctness oi

      what I am saving , than the fact , that at this very time , Guizot is preparing to return to France , —a country upon which he recently inflicted the horrors of civil war , with a strong probability of being elected to its Universal Sufirage Parliament , whilst Louis Blanc and Caussidierc , are compelled to remain in exile from tbe land which we know they love so well ? I say this truth is dishonourable to the French nation 1 ( Hear , hear . ) What do these things teach us ? This ! That a people may erect barricades , destroy dynasties , trample thrones in the dust , drive monarchs and ministers into exile , shed rivers and oceans of blood in establisliing a Republic , and yet fail in the establishment of liberty ! ( Hear , hear . ) Do we not , then , want a union of all the elements that can be useful in teaching the masses the rights of labour—as to the

      extent 01 such knowledge only can the real utility Of revolutions be measured ! ( Cheers . ) I have infinite pleasure in supporting the sentiment . ( Loud cheers . ) Sir . "Walter Cooper , on coming forward to support the sentiment , said , it was the people who , by their industry , made England at once rich and powerful . He , with Mr . Holyoake , believed the people had become more important than either kings or queens . He admired that portion of Louis Blanc ' s letter in which he spoke of the moderation of the Parisian Democrats , who were neither robbers nor assassins , but who only desired to labour that they might live . In the emphatic language of Robert Xicol , the people's cause was " a holy cause . " That was a beautiful sentiment of Louis Blanc , when he said , " Let us organise labour that the sons of the people may be elevated . " ( Cheers . ) And , truly . Labour bad great sons , as

      witness Xicol , Burns , Bloomncld , Arkwright , and those immortal poets—John Milton and Thomas Cooper . ( Immense applause . ) Almost all the grandeur of literature and science sprung from the ranks of industry . In the present day tbe shoemaker , Thomas Cooper , by bis genius , fired and inspired the people onwards in the glorious march of progression , by recalling to memory the martyrs and great men of past ages . ( Loud cheers . ) Talk of uniting—why should they not ? Were they not brethren ? They must have unity—they must have genuine democracy—Chartism was onl y tbe means to an end . They must hare no wicked cant about surplus population . ( Loud cheers . ) Kings and priests unite , the people should unite . Let them unite for the elevation—morally , politically , and socially—of the whole people ; and let their mission be , to leave tbe world better than they found it . ( Loud cheers . )

      Citizen H&ckmas then sung "Mourir pour la Patrie , " the whole company joining in the chaunt . The Chairman said that , in addition to himself , the committee had appointed Messrs . Holyoake and ai'Grath to speak to the next sentiment . A previous engagement had compelled Mr . Holyoake to speak to the firstsentiment to enable him to leave at an early hour . Unfortunately , Mr . M'Grath was also engaged in delivering a . lecture at the east end of London , and was thereby compelled to -wholly absent himself from the present festival . The sentiment was as follows : —

      "To the French Revolution—to its apostles , heroes , and martyrs , in the past , the present , audthe future . To the victory and final triumph of the Democratic and Social . Republic " The Chairman ( speaking to the above sentiment ) said : We are assembled to celebrate the glorious event , or , rather , series of events , known under the name of the French Bevolution . It is true this festival has been organised with a view to the special celebration of the three glorious days of February But we , who give so little to the good work of European progress—niggards that we are ^—may at least be liberal of our thanks to the Revolutionists

      of France , past as well as present . We may , we must , pay homage not only to the Revolution of 1 S 48—but also to the revolution of sixty years since . The Bevolution of the 34 th of February was but the continuation , of the Revolution commenced on the 14 th of July 17 S 9 . Be assured that you have only seen the continuation , not the conelusion of tbe Revolution . The revolution will never be concluded until the reign of Justice is established . Justice ! that was the ami of the great men of what is commonly called the first Revolution . Through far-distant times the dream of Justice bad inspired the speculations of many a sage , and the maiestic strains of many a poet . Moveduy

      an unappeasable thirst for Justice , many a martyr had laid his bones on the battle-field , or reddened the scaffold with his blood , or worn out long and weary years of misery in the cells of dungeons , bastiles , and inquisitions—the most terrible martyrdom man can suffer , or his fellow-man—transformed to a monster—can inflict . It was lus heart ' s longing for the rule of Justice that inspired the matchless eloquence of Rousseau , the master-spirit of tbe Ei g hteenth Century . Of that prophet of the Revolution , Byron has truly and beautifully said "From him came , As from the PytHan ' s mystic cave of yore , Those oraeles which set the world in name .

      2 for ceased to burn till kingdoms were no more ! They said he was " mad ! " But his rcvilers and persecutors were the madmen ; mad , for they were blind to the great fact that the people were becoming- enlightened by such teachers as Rousseau , and were beginniug to see through the falsehood and rottenness of priestcraft and statecraft , and were preparing themselves for the great struggle for Justice . When the people threw their omnipotent masses against the Bastile , and under the weight of their physical and moral force brought that accursed fortress ' of Tyranny to the dust , they were inspired by tbe love of Justice ! When they stormed the Tuileries ; when they Drought a royal hypocrite to the scaitbld ; when , more than rivalling Grecian heroism and Roman patriotism , the glorious people

      of France transformed their country into a camp , and rushing from the -workshop and the field , they scattered the armies of Despotism , and vanquished the league of kings , they were animated by one pure , holy inspiration—the desire to establish the reign of Justice ! ( Applause . ) In 1830—in tho three days of July—the people of Paris poured out their blood not to obtain kingships , prefectships ' portfolios , crosses , and plunder ; those good things were appropriated by good father Philippe , that devil's darling Thiers , that solemn charlatan Guizot , and the rest of the unclean brood , who for eighteen years afflicted France with the leprosy of their rule . The people , unsullied by selfishness , only demanded Justice . ( Applause . ) To come to the Revolution of 1848 ; on the 21 st of February the banquet was

      forbidden , and the government forbade the people to take part in the simplest manifestation of moral force . "As for physical force , " said Guizot and Philippe , " we defy you . " But strong in the might of their right , the people arose to demand Justice . On the 22 nd , they assembled to the cry of " Yive la Reforme I" On the 23 rd , they erected the barricades to the cry of " Down with the system ! " On the 24 th they fought and conquered to the cry of " Tive la Kepublique ? " ( Loud cheers . ) What slave so base as to refuse homage to the heroes of February ? I must , however , dissent from both Citizens Louis Blanc and Walter Cooper , as regards theirpraise of the morf « rarion of the men of February . ( Hear , hear . ) Though I should stand alone I will protest against what I hold to have been the folly of tneir modera

      the February Revolutionists , namely , - tion . " ( Applause . ) The Parisian Democrats ' ought to have known—for history has over and over again repeated the lesson , that moderation towards the eternal enemies of Justice is suicide to those who practise that folly . To exercise tbe virtues of generosity and clemency , where the enemies of ihe people " are concerned , is to throw pearls before swine , who will turn again and rend you ! Jfcn who set themselves to tbe task of regenerating society and find themselves engaged in a revolution , should have but one rule—the pursuit of Justice and war against all the enemies of Justice . ( Prolonged applause . ) Did the Revolution of February establish the reign of Justice f Ko ! Hence the insurrection of June—the rebellion

      of despair ! Justice is not yet established , and , thereforeT the Revolution is not finished . We pay homajre to the Revolution victorious on the 14 th of July-triumphant on the 10 th of August-proclaimed dominant on the 22 nd of September—subverted on thefatalath Thermidor-re-asserted on the 29 th of July—again yictorous on the 24 th of lebruary—at this moment obstructed in its march by Royalist and Bourgeois conspirators , but destinec to have a final and glorious triumph . ( Prolonged applause . ) we are here also to pay honour to whom honour i » due—the dead and the living ; the famous , and the nameless Apostles , heroes andmar-£ ts , who , by their labours and sufferings , have

      rendered the Fiench revolution so pre-eminently glorious . From the vast mass of famous men whose names grace or disgrace the historic page , we select for our admiration the men who devoted their lives to the service of Justice . Who W they % —Mirabeau , Lafayette , and the "English system" mongers ? Jfb » Brissot and his Girondists , the eloquent phrase-mongers of the revolution ? " So \ The martyrs of the 9 th Thermidor;—the incorruptible Robespierre , —( applause)—the heroic St . Just , and then * great associates , are those who command the homage of the worshippers of Justice . Those men sacrificed all for mankind . Tbey gave their labour , their talents , their lives ,

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      even their reputation , to tho one cause dear to -heir hearts—the salvation of the people . Many men have laid down their lives for their fellow-mcn . rowarcleii by the secret assurance—the inward consoling whisper—that their fellow-creatures would mourn their doom , and posterity strew flowers on tueir graves . But Robespierre and his fellow-martyrs sacvuiced even that good repute , the loss of which is to most men the chief of evils . But " all ills have bounds" even calumny . At length a time has arrived when men dare vindicate the

      Jiuinamty and far-seeing policy of Marat—pay tribute to the mi g hty mind and dauntless virtue of St . Just—and do homage to the genius , the incorruptibility , and the god-like designs of Maximilian Hobcspierre . ( Great applause . ) Babocuf and all the apostles , heroes , and martyrs of tho first period of the revolution , also command our homage . I must add a word for the heroic men of the working class , who , without any hope of fume , simply for the love of justice , gave up their lives struggling for Liberty . Honour to the nameless heroes of all the revolutions

      and insurrections against Despotism , not forgetting the heroes of June ' . ( Applause . ) I must not omit honourable mention of those patriots who are at present languishing in the dungeons of France , and those , too _ , who are suffering the pains of exile . There is Bavbes—Barbcs , who spent the flower of his life—the strength of his manhood—in the dungeons of Louts Philippe , and who , only three months at liberty , was again condemned to to chains in the name -of the Republic!—the Republic which it has been the one aim of his life to establish' If purity of heart , . in ambition which only desires the welfare of mankind , and a martyrspirit ready and eager to embrace any doom , however fearful , in the pursuit of justice , —if these constitute a great man , Barbes is pre-eminently a great man . Honour to Barbcs ! ( Loud applause . ) Many more of his fellow captives deserve praise much more fervent than any I can bestow— especially

      Raspail—the philanthropic , the talented , the heroic , the great — because good Raspail ! ( Renewed applause . ) Let me not forget the names of Louis Blanc and Caussidierc , who although not here to receive the expression of our fraternal esteem , have nevertheless our best wishes , including the wish that they may be happily restored to their country , and find therein established the true Republic ; not the Republic of lies and castes , but the Republique Denwcratiqueet Sociale . ( Cheers . ) Am I told the Democratic Republic already exists ? I say no ; witness the dungeons crowded with men -whose cvune is that they are democratic ; bear witness the laws against the clubs , the suppression of public meetings , the gagging of the press , and the stifling of pubfic opinion . I will add that until the Republic is social it never can be democratic . What do I mean by the Social Republic ? I answer that state of society in whinh he that , will not work shall not he allowed to

      eat ; and in which the workers shall enjoy the full fruits of their toM . In which , in the words of Robespierre , " the country shall ensure the prosperity of f very individual , and each individual enjoy the prosperity and glory of the country . " In which , in the language of St . Just , France will" not suffer one indigent wretch , nor one oppressor" on her soil . That Republic will triumph , because its champions , led by Truth , fight for Justice . Tlie Red Republicans realise the devotion inculcated by the conspirator in Byron ' s Marino Falkro : —

      " \ ve must forget all feelings save the one"We must resign all passions save our purpose—We must behold no object save our country , And only look on death ae beautiful , * - ¦ So that the sacrifice ascend to heaven , And draw down freedom on her evermore . " Glory to such men ! Victory to the Red Republic ! Vive la Itepublique Democratiqiie et Sociale ! ( Enthusiastic and prolonged applause . ) The Chairman then called on Mr . Bdchanax to respond to the following sentiment : —

      " To democratic Germany , Poland , Hungary , and Italy . To ^ the glorious people who have cast off the chains of Priestdom , and re-established the Republic of Home . Should regenerated Italvbe menaced by the arms of foreign oppression , may the people of Europe rise , and march to the rescue . " Mr . Robert Bcchaxax said , he had much pleasure in responding to the sentiment , as he had for months past taken a deep interest in the events of Hungary and Italy . They were aware that the republic had been proclaimed in Rome , and he had heard to-day of tbe proclamation of the republic at Florence . ( Tremendous cheering . ) The foreign correspondence of tbe daily journals was one mass of lies . The Hungarians had been very much

      misrepresented . The Hungarians had abolished serfdom , and established Universal Sum-age . What the Hungarians wanted , was a constitution foi- their own country . The Russians had entered Transylvania , but let them advance and the cry would be , " Germany to the rescue ! " ( Cheers . ) Russian intervention would provoke a general European war—a war against despotism . ( Loud cheers . ) As rcgardea Italy—with republics at Rome and at Florence , a revolution completed in Tuscany , and agitation prevailing in Sardinia , it was easy to talk of an holy alliance to put down the Romans ; but Spain had enough to do at home ; let her send troops to Gaeta , and a republic -svouui be proclaimed in Catulonia , and Isabella's throne would not be worth a

      month ' s purchase . Naples was in a similar position ; the monarch was thoroughly detested , and his throne only existed by the support of the Swiss mercenaries ; there was not a soldier to spare . The Austrian government was fully engaged with Hungary and Venice . It would be treason on the part of France to send out a single soldier beyond the Alps . Marshal Bngcaud had declared the army had enongh to do to keep down the Red Republicans . Let Louis Napoleon forget his origin , and depend on it the soldiers would soon re-cross the Alps , and leave the Romans to settle their own affairs . ( Great cheering . ) With Sardinia and Naples revolutionised , and Sicily free , twenty-five millions of Italians , actuatedlby one common sentiment , would prove an

      effectual barrier to tbe Cossacks of the north , or a French army . He said , let the Democrats of each country look after their own governments , and tho people of Italy would do very well without their assistance . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Ciiahles Kef . x said the Romans were worthy of tbe praise of all mankind for the noble stand they had made against despotism and priestcraft ; . The people of England would be traitors to their own interests—traitors to the principles of Right and Justice , if they failed to give their sympathy and fraternity to the brave Italian people . ' Public opinion should compel the British government to take the side of Italy , if the despots of the Continent dared to march against her . ( Applause . ) The Cn . uuMAJf then gave the last sentiment as follows : —

      " To the speedy adoption of the People s Charter—the means to the establishment of the reign of justice—political and social . To all who have suffered and are suffering in the cause of liberty in this and every other land . " Mi . W . Dixox said the Charter was the means , social happiness the end ; and if he did not think and believe that the Charter would be the means of upraising of the people from their present degraded state , and improving their condition politically , socially , morally , and physically , he would not advecate ' it for one hour longer . The enemies to universal suffrage said , look at America with the suffrage , and likewise France , and then exultingly asked what use had the Americans and tlie French made of the suffrage ? The question with him was , were

      the people entitled to the rights of citizenship ? and not the use they made of that right irhcn they possessed it . It was true that the star-spangled banner of tho States was sullied by the black mark of slavery . It was equally true that France had a government at present as bad as the dynasty she had expelled . But these facts argued nothing in favour of keeping the suffrage from the people of this country , nor ought it to damp the energies of the advocates of Parliamentary reform . He ( Mr . Dixon ) , like Mr . Clark , believed that the people of this country were better prepared to make a proper use of the suffrage , if they hadit . than the Frenchpeople , owing to the fact that they had had the opportunity of publicly discussing political questions , which the French had not . Mr . Dixon then called upon all men of progress to unite in one bond of brotherhood , for the purpose of removing every obstacle that

      stood in the way of man ' s elevation—morally , physically , and intellectually . Mr . Stallwood , in supporting the sentiment , said it was divided into two parts , Mr . Dixon had taken the first part , he would apply himself to the second , and he believed tliat freedom would never have been obtained without the labours of that daring band of pioneers , who had fallen victims to their enthusiasm in behalf of the cause of human redemption . ( Hear , hear . ) The people owed a debt of gratitude to Kosciusko , of Poland ; immortal Robert Blum , of Germany ( prolonged cheering ); Barbes , Raspail , Louis Blanc , Sidney , Hampden , John Frost , Ernest Jones , Wallace , Muir , Wolf Tono , the O ' Connors , Fitzgerald , Robert Emmett ,. O'Brien , Meagher , and last not least , John Mitchel , of Ireland . ( Tremendous cheering . ) He said all praise , honour , and glory to those heroes and martyrs to the glorious cause of progress ! ( Great applause . )

      On the motion of Mr . E . G ill , seconded by Mr . Side and supported by Mr . H . Ross , a vote of thanks , with three cheer ? , was given to Julian Hahset for his services as chairman . The singing of the "Marseillaise , " by the entire assembly , concluded the public meeting . Dancing and other entertainments occupied a numerous portion of the company till a later hour .

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      Tlch t ca Si T Olll - Vfom of Government sttss * ^ fe ^ Tr W-ispa ^ pubic , and the Patriot , of Amonca , Xfirs * % modern times overthrew the despotic power of thcS tyrants , and set a noble example to the rest of the W i » « Th ™ ° St Jones aml thc victims of mL ^ ! '" An W l m (? nlory of Blum ' W hausor , and Bcechor ( the Englishman ) , and all the Viennese patriots who died endeavouring to obtain liberty for the Austrian people . " " TUC fS EngS ! " PreSS ' " Tll ° democratic Press of

      lonTSEA . — A democratic convivial meeting was f llnw ? n ^ n 7 0 VCning ' <*™ " 7 28 th , When the following toasts wero responded to : - " Tho Sovereign People . " " The French Revolution . " » Tho Democrats of all Nations . " " The People ' s Swl " '« . a TlL ina 3 r "rt ? bccom e the law of the a ' , The J , , OC ( 1 - T h j ) eration of all political prisoners . ' "The Ladies . " Various political songs were sung m the course of the evening , and a collection made for the Victim Tund , when £ 1 is 6 d . was subscribed and forwarded to Mi- J . Avnott .

      BnonsoiMM . -- Trexch Revolitio . y . - Eighty Democrats sat down to an excellent supper in" the large room Ship inn , to commemorate this glorious events : after the supper the room became crowded . Messrs Fussell and Docker filled the respective chairs . The several sentiments were given and eloquently responded to bv Messrs . Davis , Mason Blaxland , Dcrry , White , and others . £ ? ? , SSf J ^ ' fall > " " SP ^ d the Charter , "TheMarseillaise , " &c , were given by Messrs . Isisbett Goodwin , Fussell , and others ; and at twelve o clock the company separated , expressing their satisfaction at having spent in the Sood cause , an evening which will be long remembered by all those who were present . ¦ i »

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      also carried unanimously . —Thanks were voted to the chairman , and the mooting gepnmtal . The Trades api'iur to be about to movk ix earnest for tho Industrial , Social , and PolitvmI Emancipat . on of Labour , through the m . « V of Home Colonuw the Suflrnge , and a cood Rocukr and Scientific Education . The followinff ire . " 5 three first rules of thc " National Orim-iis-liion if Trades , " founded by A . Walton , and his hfiv f teiligont compatriots , the Metropolitan Tnulos lV Q . legates;— " That the Land being tho « ift of tke v \ - nii ' ^ lit . v to the people universally , ought to bo h »> id in sacred trust by the state for their benefit , mid not be exclusivel y possessed by a fractional p ;! ih of the community . " " That tho Elective Franchise should be extended to every man of twenty-one years of age , of sound mind and uncontaminated by crime . " " That education should bo secured by the government for the people : and that such education , on tlie part of the state , should bo of a strictly scientific and secular character , without in anv way

      interfering with thc right of parents to give such reliaions instruction to their children ns they may think fit . " A preliminary meeting of the journeyman tailors of the west end of London , was hcM at the Conch and Horses , Silver-street , Goklen-sqiiitve , on Friday evening , February the 23 rd , at wliieli several of the leading committee-men , assisted by Mr . A . Walton , were present , when it was unanimously resolved to call a public meeting' of thc journeymen tailors ( especially of those who work at home ) , to be held in the large room of the above llOUSC , it eight o'clock , eu Monday evening next , March the 5 th , to consider tlie propriety of jbininij the National Organisation of Trades in support of the foren-oin " measures . An active sub-committee was forWa and thc preliminary arrangements duly made we are also informed that in a few days a public meet-. ing of the general trades of London , will be held in the Hall of Commerce , Thrcndneedlc-strcet , City , tor the promotion of tho same glorious objects I , i ve the Organisation of Labour

      Irish Waste Laxh Imfiiovemf . n't Society —The annual meeting of the shareholders in this association was held on Tuesday , at two o ' clock at the-Ring ' s Head , Poultry . John Heathcote , Esq . M P in tbe chair . There wero only fifteen shareholders present . Mr . Fry , the secretary , read the report of the directors , and also a report from Col . Robinson the managing director . These reports went into detail respecting the depressed condition of the society , and it appeared from them , that the gross receipts had been £ 31 , 000 , and the estimated assets of tlie company were about £ 14 , 000 . Out of 7115 shaves , 4 , 875 bad been forfeited . Thc secretary while reading these reports , announced liia willingness to have his salary reduced by £ 20 a , year . From questions put to the chairman * it npp ' earcd tint

      . us lus . per share had been called up , and that £ 1 , ( 300 remained in arrear upon the last call A discussion was raised with respect to tho means which had been adopted to enforce thc pavment of the arrears . —Mr . Morris wished to know what wis done with respect to Mr . Daniel O'Connoll ' s shares i ^ nnT wllc " tllflt JSentloman was receiving £ 30 , 000 a year from the finest , but at thc same tvme poorest , peasantry in the world . There waa no answer tp this question . Mr . Morris : I suppose he was applied to ?—The Secretary : Oh yes —Mr Morris : And yet he was called the saviour of his country . —A . Shareholder inquired how manv actions for arrears of calls had been brought ?—Tile

      Secretary : Twenty writs have been issued altogether Mr . Morris read two letters from gentlemen residing in Ireland , in which thc writers described tho property of the company as not worth more than 41 , 000 . One of these gentlemen prayed to have his shares forfeited . He ( Mr . Morris ) was surprised to hnd that the noble chairman of the company ( the Earl of Devon ) was one of the defaulters upon calls Ultimately a committee , consisting of Mr . Morris , " Mr . Tooke , and Mr . Ware , was appointed , to assist the directors in taking the most expedient measures for winding up the society , which had been thirteen years in existence , and had proved a total failure . The meeting then separated .

      Distress amoxost the Operatives . —On Monday a large meeting of the operatives of Birmiivhcim took place on a largo open space called dost . i-«; reen , in that town , to take into consideration tbe distressed state of the trading and working classes of the town and district ; and to adopt a communication to government , requiring immediate measures for the employment of the people . —Tho Chairman Mr . J . Mason , shoemaker , observed that the meeting had been called for tlie purpose of o-iviiiff an opportunity to those not employed to attend and exhibit before tho public eye the extent of distress existing in tbe town . It had been reported through the public press that Birmingham was in a stated advancing prosperity . >' ow he had consulted working men in every branch of trade , as well as

      tradesmen and manufacturers , and from them he had found that the trade of Birmingham was in a most depreascd state . It was now nearly three vears since this depression commenced , and it was stated that it would soon pass away . The question was , whether there was any just ground why the industrious man should not be employed , or why tho manufacturer should not have remuneration for his capital , and why England , containing so much capital and skill , should have such a wretched popution . The government attributed the distress of Ireland to tho indolent habits of tho population ; but ho asked to what was the distress of the English people owing . It could not be from indolence . The aristocracy were rich , and there were many outlets for thc commerce of the country , with everything for

      necessary a great country ; yet . in the midst of all this abundance , they were in a state of distress that wrfB disgraceful to any government . In 1805 the number of criminals was 4 , 000 ; in 1810 during the war , there were not 5 , 000 committed ; in ISSCy the number amounted to 20 , 000 , and in 1842 the number of committals was 28 , 000 . If this state of things continued , and the aristocracy continued in possession of the government , excluding the working men from their shave in the representation , the consequence would bo that England would fall from her high position among the nations of the earth . Many good artisans in Birmingham were breaking stones , uud there wove move oi them at tlua season of the year than were ever known before . As to the workhouse , it was so full that eighty of

      the inmates had had to come out to prevent more serious consequences ; and these parties having found tho out-door relief too little for them , had applied to be re-admitted into the workhouse . Several speakers afterwards addressed the meeting , and resolutions complaining of the present state of affairs , and calling for legislative redress , having been passed , it was agreed " That these resolutions be embodied in a communication to the Home Secretary , and a respectful request made that he -will reply , expressing whether ministers intend to introduce any substantial measures to remedy the unnecessary destitution so prevalent in this country , but which is deeply aggravated at the present time . " The memorial having been adopted , and a

      committee appointed to receive the reply from the Home Secretary , Mr . Mason urged the propriety of the unemployed working men of this town communicating with their suffering brethren in Manchester , Glasgow , and elsewhere , in order to devise some plan fov procuring an amelioration of their condition , lie deprecated anything like disunion between , the middle and working classes—a result which could only end in greatly retarding the progress of freedom . AS a proof of the increasing- distress amongst the artisans , he cited the fact that in the year 1848 no fewer than 18 , 564 tramps applied for and received relief at the Birmingham workhouse alone . The meeting , which had been mil attended throughout , terminated at five o ' clock .

      Meeting at Derby . —On Tuesday an influential meeting of professional men , manufacturers , and tradesmen , convened by circular , was held in the Town Hall , to take into consideration the propriety of establishing , i Financial Beform Association in Derby . Mr . Alderman Peet was voted into the chair . Mr . Councillor Madeley moved the following resolution : — " That an association be established , to be called the Derby Financial Reform Association , and that its objects be : —1 . To use all lawful and constitutional means of inducing the most rigid economy m the expenditure of the government , consistent with due efficiency in the several departments of the public service ; and to secure a more equit « able and economical system of taxation . 2 . To

      coopovatfi with the Liverpool Financial Reform Association and other bodies , in their efforts to accomplish the above objects . " Tho resolution was carried unanimously , and a series of rules adopted . Mr . Alderman Peefc was appointed president of the association ; Mr . Councillor Mozley ( of the firm of Boden and Mozley , Jaee manufacturers ) , and Mr . Councillor Haywood ( iron merchant , Britannia foundry ) , were appointed vice-presidents- Mr Councillor Madeley , secretary j and Mr . Alderman S . Fox , treasurer . A council of fifteen members comprising professional men , manufacturers , and leading tradesmen of the town , was also nominated : and the association was launched under most favourable auspices . A public meeting will shortly be held .

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      i V Lo . \ do » . —The Weather akd its Effects . —The high wind and rain that prevailed in the metropolis all day on Wednesday , have caused no inconsiderable loss to the varied interests , but more especially to the shipping . In the Fool , several of the smaller craft were vis-ted with the full fury of the squall . Notwithstanding the utmost exertions , several schooners and brigs snapped their cables , and it required alUhe experience and gkffl of the crews to prevent the TesseU running foul of each other . Emcis or ihe Stobm in St . James ' s Park . — On Wednesday evening , three large elm trees within the enclosure were uproeted by the Tiolence of the storm . One in falling smashed the iron railings op . posite tho steps of the Duke of York ' s column ; afflgr other fell across the iron gate closet o the Chinese lodge facing the Horse . Guards . The trees whict ,-nave been torn up aro all sound . ' £ / i

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      SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE . A public meeting , convened by the Executive of the National Charter Association , was held at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-strcet > Pitzroy-sqnare , on Tuesday crating last . Mr . CiMituss Utting in the chair . Mr . Thomas Clark on rising was loudly cheered . He said : The question which we have been called together this evening to consider is of a most important character , and is deserving of our best attention . ( Hear . ) The connexion of the Church with the State has been pregnant with highly important—and , as Lhelieve , highlydangerous consequences to public liberty ; and , in order to test your opinions on the subject , I have to propose to vou

      the adoption of the following resolution : — " That this meeting is of opinion that religion is not a matter in which tho State can interfere , as all religious creeds are matters of opinion , about which great difference exists ; and that to compel men to pay for the propagation of opinions- from which they dissent , is to deprive them dishonestly of their private property , and is insulting to their conscience , This meeting rog . arding the present Episcopalian establishment in this country as being in that discreditable position , denounce its continuance as a fi-. iud financially , and as a degradation conscientiously ; and pledges itself to use every proper and legitimate means to effect a separation of the Church from the State , and thereby establish religious equality and independence . " Mi . Clark said the reasons upon which I found my opposition to the Church are these . In the first place , government has no right in any way to

      meddle with religion , as the worship of God is a matter which must rest entirely between a . man and his Maker ; and for a government to interpose its authority , is falsely to presume that without its interference the adoration of a Supremo Being would be totally forgotten ! ( Ilear . ) It is also insultinjr to the Deity , as arguing the necessity of Acts of Parliament to enforce His power . ( Cheers . ) I should be extremely sorry to pay religion so equivocal a compliment as to connect it in any way with thc parliament of England . ( Cheers . ) Religion will indeed stand in need of an abiding place when it takes refuge in our House of Commons . ( Laughter . ) What . a handsome association for the Apostles ( Laughter . ) I also object to thc State Church , because it compels those who dissent from its doctrines to pay fov its support , and because such conduct is a gross and scandalous violation of that sublime doctrine , and which is the esseneo of

      religion"Do ye unto others as ye would that others should do unto you . " ( Cheers . ) Then what shall I say of thc forced payments for the maintenance of the Establishment ? What can be more dishonest than to compel us to pay , not only for wh . it we do not vfMt and never get , but that which some of us strongly reprobate ? ( Hear . ) If a certain class of persons ^ with deficient memories require to be publicly reminded every seventh day of their duty to their Maker and their nei ghbours , is that any reason why we who do not require to bo so reminded should be taxed to compensate for their natural defect ? ( Laughter , and " No . " ) I say , those who want priests ought to pay for them , hut on no account compel one man to pay for the religion of another .

      ( Hear , hear . ) It would be quite as reasonable to coerce a man to discharge his neisrhbour ' s tailor ' s bill . ( Hear . ) Mr . Clark here related a laughable anecdote of an Irish brogue-maker , who was called on by a minister of the Church Establishment to pay tithe , amounting to Gs . 9 d . Pat refused to pay fie money on the ground that he had never heard his Itiverencc preach . The collector told Pat that if he had not availed himself of the eloquence of tbe parson , ho had no one to blame but himself . Tho broguemaker , a few days after this waited on the minister , with a bill for mending his and his lady ' s shoes , when the minister denied ever having had any dealings with him ; but Pat reminded him that his shop was always open , and

      that the parson had no one to blame but himself . I ( said Mr . Clark ) , further object to the connexion of the Church with the State , because it is an undoubted fact , that the connexion was designed and is perpetuated for the purposes of mental degradation , ( near , hear . ) The position which the people occupy with respect to tho Church and government , is exactly that which Christ filled upo . n Mount Calvary—you will understand what I mean , when you reflect upon the sort of companions between whom Christ was crucified . ( Cheers and laughter . ) I am told that thc State patronises thc Church for the purpose of improving the morals of the people . Now just think of the regard which the aristocracy have for public morals . Can there , I ask , be a more perfect burlesouo unon common

      decency ? I can well understand how a body of men of great learning and wisdom could be useful y employed , as a separate and distinct body , to teach publicly an improved system of morals , and to elevate the character of mankind—such would bo a glorious mission ; but I boldly deny that such is tho manner in -which State priests employ tbcmselvcs . Their whole history exhibits them as the enemies of liberty , and with " peace and goodwill" upon their lips , they have set man against his fellow , and wherever their _ blighting influence is felt , there despotism flourishes and mental darkness reigns—( cheers)—and so it will continue until their thimblerig system is smothered in its own ruins , and man ' s increasing intelligence lias succeeded in establishing in its stead , perfect and entire freedom of conscience . ( Loud cheers . )

      Mr . Dixo . v , iu seconding the resolution , said : I have no objection to any one holding Church doctrines , but ' l wish people to have what they like , and payforwhattheyget . ( Loud cheers . ) The propagators of the gospel did not do mnch in extending information , if we may judge from the Commissioner ' s report , for the miners had not even the information as to who Jesus Christ was . As we have Free Trade , let us have Free Trade in reli gion , and then he who deserves best will gdt the greater reward . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Stallwood rose and briefly moved the adoption of the following petition ;—TO TBE UONOUItABLE TIIE COMMONS OP GREAT BltlTALV AND

      IRELAND , IN" PARLIAMENT ASSEMBLED . Tlie petition of certain inhabitants of Saint Pancros , in the borough of Marylebone , in public meeting assembled , at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Fitaroy-square , this 27 th day of February , 1849 : SnEWEiw , That your petitioners belong principally to the industrious classes , and through the evil legislation of jour honourable House , are very much impoverished . That jour petitioners have , in addition to their other grievous burdens , to contribute to the support of what is falsely called a National Church , but which is known only to your petitioners as a tax-collector . That your petitioners regard the connexion of the Church

      with the State as a thing designed to subserve political purposes of a questionable character , and as a means of providing employment for some portion of the junior branches of the aristocracy . That your petitioners are of opinion that religion does not need the assistance of the State , and therefore pray your honourable House forthwith to pa »» a law for the severance of those institutions ; and your petitioners are further of opinion such an act on the part of your honourable House will , whilst it gives great satisfaction to the major portion of the people , tend much to the promotion of " pure andundefileu religion . " And your petitioners will ever pray , ( Signed on behalf of the meeting ) Ciubus Uttinc , Chairman .

      The petition was seconded by Mr . Lucas , and carried unanimously . On the motion of Messrs . Clark and Absott , it was resolved , — " That the petition be forwarded to George Thompson , M . P . for the Tower Hamlets , for presentation to the House . " A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman , and the meeting separated .

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      : On Tuesday , in pursuance of a requisition sent to the High Bailiff , signed by several of tbe ratepayers and householders in Westminster , a meeting was convened in the open air in front of St . Paul ' s Church , Covciit-gnrdwi Market , for the purpose of ascertainin g thc sentiments of the inhabitants respecting the system of child farming . By one o ' clock , the hour announced on the placards , a promiscuous crowd of several thousands , assembled in front of tlie hustings , and a few minutes after the High Bailiff , accompanied by Mr . Charles Coehra . no and several other "eiitlemen , ascended the platform .

      ¦——¦—M—¦—IIW 1 I—BCT—Mg "»^ ^—f ^ pag CHILD FARMING . COVENT - GARDEN MARKET .

      Mr . Cochiuxe , who was received with clieers , made a speech in condemnation of the New Poor-Law and tho board of guardians , and concluded by moving— " That , from the evidence g iven at the incruests held on the bodies of some chddren who died at Drouet ' s pauper child-farming establishment- at Tooting , in Surrey , it appears that one hundred and forty-one children were sacrificed within fifteen days , and their death \ va 9 occasioned by an insufficiency of food and clothing , and foul and pestilential air ; that several other children died , after their removal from the ^ parish pauper farm-house , and that the coroners' juries unanimously pronounced verdicts of manslaughter against Mr . Drouet ; but as it has been clearly shown that the system of

      treatment adopted towards the deceased infants was sanctioned and approved of by the guardians of the poor of Several of tlie metropolitan parishes , as well as by the Poor-Law Board , this meeting is of opinion that these authorities are acting criminally towards the poor . This meeting further considers , that the new poor-law , under which so many innocent lives have boon sacrificed , heretofore , as well as on the present occasion , is essentially cruel and inhuman , opposed to thc laws of nature , a violation of the decrees of our holy religion , a scandal to Christianity , a disgrace to the British nation , and altogether unfitted to a Christian country ; and that it should , therefore , be totally and immediately abolished . " Mr . Smith seconded the motion .

      Mr , G , W , M . Reynolds , then came forward , and made a fierce attack on the child-farming system generally , on Mr . Drouet in particular , and o " n the " Tory Recorder fov tho city of London , " -with great applause from the crowd . He concluded by moving an amendment , to the effect that the meeting regarded the late occurrence at Tooting , in which Mr . Drouet took apart , as nothing short of murder ; that an indelible stain was affixed in consequence to her Majesty ' s Ministers , and calling upon hov Majesty to dismiss her advisers accordinglv . Mr . "Wilson , a Chartist and a working man , seconded the amendment .

      Tho High Bailiff then came forward , and said ho bad been high bailiff and deputy bailiff in thc city of Westminster for thirty years , and during all that time he had met with public approbation in thc discharge of lus duties , interfering with no meeting improperly . On the present occasion , however , when the requisionists called on him , he put it to them whether they meant to allude to Mr . Drouet , when they said they did not ; and on that understanding ho called tho meeting . Mr . Drouet , however , had been directly _ attacked , both in the speeches nnd the resolutions ; and as that might prejudice him , now that he was on his tvial , and as the law and the public never held a man guilty till he was declared so in a court of justice , he could not

      put the resolutions . This announcement was received with great uproar , hissing , and every other method by which the crowd could express their sentiments of disapprobation of the Uigh Bailiff ' s decision . Mr . Reynolds , while the High Bailiff was yet on the front of the hustings , came forward and attempted to put the amendment ; but being stopped by the High Bailiff , he took off his hat , and gave the signal to the mob to cheer for the amendment , which was answered with loud cheers . The High Bailiff , who was seized by thc collar by one or two of Mr . Reynolds ' s friends , immediately pushed Mr . Reynolds back from the front of the hustings , and threatened to use his Authority

      against him . He then declared the meeting at an end , and left the hustings ; amid cries of " on , oh , " groans and hisses . Mr . Wilson immediately proposed Mr . Reynolds should take the chair . The seat of authority , however , was removed by Mr . Jones , the secretary of the Poor Man ' s Guardian Society , and the new chairman , not to be outdone , stepped forward to address the crowd . He was about to propose his amendment nsnin to the crowd , but found , to his amazement , that no amendment was on the platform , the only copy existing being , at the moment , some considerable distance off , in the pocket of the High Bailiff . In tho meantime .

      Mr . Cociiiuse expressed his regret that gontlemen could be found to frustrate thc objects of their meeting by amendments , notwithstanding that he ( Mr . Cochrane ) bore all the expense . Mr . Reynolds then proceeded to address the meeting on the general subject of the poor-law and the particular individuals whom lie thought connected iNith Us auministvation , alluding to them in terms something short of courtesy . The crowd wove excessively pleased , and were eheering the speaker with uproarious applause , when four carpenters , armed with hatchets , mounted the platform and began to demolish the hustings . This ended the proceedings of the day .

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      Financial Refoiim Meeting in Maiiyleboxe . — On Tuesday a numerous meeting of the inhabitants of Marylebone tooK place at tho Workhouse Schoolroom in the New-road , to consider the moans of securing financial reform and reform in Parliament . Mr . Hume presided . There were also present Lord D . Stuart , M . P ., Mr . J . Williams , M . P ., Sir J . Walmsley , M . P ., Mr . W . Williams , Ac . The Chairman having addressed the meeting at considerable length on the business on which they were met , and adverted to the usual arguments and topics brought forward on similar occasions , concluded by saymg they were there to show the government that a reduction in taxation and a better representation of

      the people in the House of Commons were necessary , and that they were determined to have them . ( Cheers . ) Mr . W . Williams , lateM . P . for Coventry , proposed , after an appropriate speech , the first resolution : — " That in tho opinion of this meeting , thc national expenditure has been increased by successive governments to an extent not warranted by the exigencies of the public service ; that the taxation required to uphold this -wasteful extravagance is impoverishing the people of this country ; and that in order to obtain effectual reduction of taxation and economy in the public expenditure , and secure a continuance thereof , it is indispensable that the Commons House of Parliament should bo further reformed , " which was seconded by Mr . Nicholay

      and carried unanimously . Mr . Hodges moved the next resolution : — " That the present mode of levying taxes is unjust in principle , and presses most unfairly on that portion of the community least able to bear its weight , and therefore such a revision has become indispcnsablo as will have the effect of placing the burden of taxation on the property of the country , instead of the present unequal , complicated , and expensively collected system . " After which the meeting , from the crowded state of the room , adjourned to the Workhouse-yard , where the resolution was seconded by Mr . Soden , and after some observations by Lord D . Stuart , who said that any branch of reform which would tend to bring about the groat measure of financial reform contemplated by Mr . Cobden was useful , was passed with gi l ea . t applause . Mr . J . Williams , M . P ,, moved ;—" That lor the attainment of the objects set forth in the preceding resolution , it is expedient that an

      association be now formed , to be called the St . Marylebono Financial and Reform Association , and that the following bo tho objects of such association : 1 . To use all legal and constitutional means of inducing the most rigid economy in the expenditure of the government , consistent with due efficiency in the several departments of the public service , and to endeavour to obtain for the people a more direct control over the same by a further reform of the House of Commons . 2 . To obtain a complete revisal of taxation , and tbe substitution of an impost fairly levied on property and income , in lieu of the present unequal , complicated , and expensively collected duties upon commodities . Political partisanship is distinctly disavowed , the association being composed of men of all political parties . " Which Mr . _ Cassall seconded , and which was unanimously carried . A vote of thanks was then passed to the chairman , and the meeting broke up .

      Meeting at Soutiiwark . —On Tuesday , a public meeting of the inhabitants of the borough of Southwarkwas held at the hall of tho Literary Institution , Borough-road , in support of the movement in favour of Financial Reform : Mr . Apsley Pellatt in the chair . —Mr . J . L . Stevens proposed the first resolution : " That it was the duty of thc government so to obtain a national income as to leave both the necessaries of life and the efforts of industry untaxed , and to expend it with the utmost regard to economy ; and tliat , therefore , realised property should bear at least the largest proportion of the burdens of the State . Sinecures should be abo lished , pensions should be reduced , and the annual estimates should be brought within the limits of

      absolute necessity . —Mr . W , Howard seconded thc resolution . —Mr . Hcarne suggested that the meeting ought to support the object for which the Liverpool Association was formed , and assist Mr . Cobden in getting his budget . He wanted to have a resolution to the effect . —The resolution was carried as proposed . —Mr . Thwaites moved that the plan Of Financial Reform , proposed by Mr . Cobden , M . P ., was deserving ' ofthe utmost support , and that Mr . Alderman Ilumpbery and Sir W . Molesworth , the members for this borough , be requested to aid his efforts in the House of Commons for its legislative adoption , and otherwise to promote a more equitable adjustment and general reduction of taxation . —Mr . EUrington seconded the resolution , whi ^ waa

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      ¦¦ Mt Mabcii 3 , 1849 . THE NORTHERN STAR . B ^^^^^^^^ ¦ ' * ""~*""^—^— - M ^—^^^^^^^^ fc ^__^^____^^_ ' •}

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      ^ w * TO CORRESPONDENTS

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      NoTiixoHAM . -The first anniversary of the French Revolution of February , 1848 , was held by the Socialists and Republicans of this townon Saturday evening last , February 24 th , at the Coffee-house , Lower Pavement , when a substantial supper was provided . Every person present wore a red riband 5 Ms button-hole . After the supper had been dwnoscd of , the following toasts were given- : "To \ l brave men of Paris " who finally overthrew on S 24 th of February , 1848 , the Orleautt ; branch of the Bourbon dynasty , and established on its rums a

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 3, 1849, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1512/page/5/