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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st November 1845, Edition 4 of 4, Page 4

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    • THErfOKTP?^ STAR SATUBDAY, NOVEMBER I'1845.
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      ^Disinherited From Theirpotatoes Of Twel...

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      Ad00408

      JUStpUIMI » _f- _~*> ; , t . Vn « FASHION'S for the Autumn LOSDOV * _nd _***» * _5 . eOOJ > , 6 , Conduit _^ treet , " _£ _2 ? S ££ _^ _Se _mctsupoVpUte ever _pubj _^ t _^ tr _^ _to _^; _' the mostfcshionable garfi _^ _2 _ffify _Xnewl _5 e paletotover-coat ., boih _"" _^ * _5 _Xnble-taea » ted , sixpatternsofgarments—ut , f * _ff JJ 3 _eSw _% «" coats , theParisian style « S _itth skirts , and shooting vest ; _ftU and particular _IbWhTAc & c . -RicelOE . ed . fortheoneBeason . or 20 s . _t _^ _Mevear , _mOnmg an intermediate report , summer _« a winter with every necessary information throughout

      Ad00409

      TO TAILORS . j -approbation ofJHer Most . _ExceUent Majesty -Queen Victoria and His Eoyal Highness Prince Albert . THE LONDON aud PABIS FASHIONS for Autumn and Winter , 1845 and 1846 , ready early in October , toy BEAD and Co ., 12 , Hart-street , Bloomsbury-square , 3 Dondon ; _JBeiger J Holywdl-street , Strand , London , and _jEaybe had of all Booksellers _wheresoerer residing ; a « ry superb Print , representing the most splendid exhibition in Europe , an Interior View of the Colosseum , _"Begorfs-parh , Leaden . This exquisitely executed and _iieeniifaUj coloured Print wiU be accompanied with _foUBieIlressirrodi 1 _andRitogCoatPattfirns ; alsoaPattenis _cftheKew Fashionable Polka Procfc , and Locomotive

      Ad00410

      TO ALL WHO CAN'T PAY ! IMMEDIATE Protection , and a prompt and safe final discharge , without the intervention of a Prison or an Attorney . A discharge to Debtors is nowimperative , because Imprisonment for Debt is now penal , not remedial . —Debtors ofall grades will be benefitted by applying forthwith to John S . _JBensiead , 22 , _UasinghaH-street , near the Court of Bankruptcy , London ,

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      GREAT BRITAIN MDTDAL LIFE _ASSURANCE SOCIETY , 14 , _"WaTEBIOO-FIACE , _lOJOlO * - " . _DlBECTOaS . The Chisholm , Chairman . _WflliamMorley , Esg _.,-P-sputy Cftairmon . Henry S . Barber , Esq . James John Kinloch , Esg . John Brightman , Esq . Hemy _JLawson , _TSsq . _Srands Brodigan , Esq . Henry Penny , Esq , James Wm . Deacon , Esq . Kobert Power , Esq ., M . D . Alexander IL Irvine , Esq . The Rev . F . W . Johnson John Inglis Jerdein , Esq . _Yickery , A . M . AUD 1 TOES . C . JB . Hule , Esq . T . C . Simmons , Esq . 6 . Thomas , Esq .

      Ad00412

      SHEFFIELD ASD _LINCOLNSHIRE _JUNCTION RAILWAY . . "• _KTrpTEREAS , Notices-were _daly _-j-ublished in the ff month oi' November last , in the London Givsette , the Sheffield and Rolfierham Independent , the Nottingham Journal , the Derbysldre Courier , the Lin-9 ohi , Rutland , and Stamford . Alercury , and _theilin-Itfri Standard _Newspapers , that application was intended to be made in the then next ensuing Session If Parliament , for leave to bring in a Bill to _incorforate a Company , and to give to such Company Bower to _makeandmaintain a Railway , commencing If a Junction with the Sheffield , Ashton-under-Lyne , ad Manchester Hallway , _tit or near _Obbrne-street , a the Townihip . of _BrightsideBierlow , in the Parish of Sheffield , in the . West-Riding of the County of _Xorfc , and to terminate at or near a place known by the name of Whinleys , otherwise Welham Whinleys , In the Township or Hamlet of Welham , in the Parish

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      _^^^ _^ _^^^^ _^ _^^ mmm _^ m . mmmmmm „ _.. - .,.. _-- - ffOTKE TO _EMTCRAJTrS . " '¦ "" " "''" THE Undersigned continue to engage Passengers for _First-Class Fast-Sailing AMERICAN PACKET SHIPS , which average from 1000 to 1500 Tons , for the foilowing Ports , viz . : — SEW YORK , BOSTON , PHILADELPHIA , UEW ORLEANS , BALTIMORE , BRITISH AMERICA , & c . Emigrants in the country ca >* engage passage by letter addressed as underneath ; in wb . oh case tbey need not be _uiaverpooiunta the day before the Ship is to sail ; and they will thereby avoid detention and other expenses , besides securing a cheaper passage , and having the hest berths allotted to them previous to their arrival . Por farther particulars apply , post-paid , to JAMES _BECKETT A SON , North End Prince's Dock , Liverpool .

      Ad00414

      COLOSSEUM . PATRONISED and visited by her Most Gracious MAJESTY and his Eoyal Highness Prince ALBERT . OPEN DAILY from Ten tUl Six . Pronounced by the Press , and confirmed by every visitor to he _^ the most perfect triumph of Art in its various oranches , both by Day and Night , that has ever been achieved . Equal to six exhibitions . The Glyptotheca , containing : works of the first artists ; Mont Slanc and Mountain Torrents , Superb Conservatories , Gothic Aviary , Classic Ruins and Fountains , Fanorama of London , re-painted by Mr . Parris , & c . Admittance , Ss . Children , half-price . The Stalactite Caverns , the most magnificent ofall the temples which nature has built for herselfin the regions of night , _ls-estra (

      Ad00415

      TO THE EMBARRASSED . —IMPORTANT . THERE are thousands of persons who have struggled long against the force of misfortune , but few are aware that bj a -very veceat Act all small traders owing debts not exceeding £ Z 00 , farmers , and all others owing to any amount , can he entirely raised from tbeir difficulties at a small expense , and without imprisonment or _bankruptcy . AU such Mr . _TVestonbegswill apply to him at Moira-chambers , 17 , Ironmonger-lane , Cheapside , by letter or personally _. Persons summoned for small debts should - » pply immediately , as they may thereby save themselves from frequent and lengthened commitments to prison .

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      METROPOLITAN SEWAGE MANURE COMPANY . ( Provisionally registered . ) Capital £ 1 , 500 . 000 , in 30 . 000 Shares of £ 50 each . Deposit £ 1 per Share . THE object ofthis Company is to supply ( at a quarter of the cost of stable or farmyard manure ) the sewage water of the Metropolis to the surrounding country as manure by mechanical means similar to those employed hy the "Water Companies . A careful and moderate calculation has been made of the annual outlay and income , from which it can confidently be Stated that the ' Undertaking will realise a net profit of at _leastlS per cent . _Prospectuses , containing full particulars of the plan , and extracts from the reports and authorities upon which the estimates are based , may he had on application atthe temperary offices of the Company , So . 5 , Berners-street , or trill he forwarded to any address .

      Ad00417

      EQUITY AND LAW LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY , No . 26 , _LINCOLN'S-INiV-WELDS , LONDON . Capital £ l , 000 , 000 , 'bi 10 , 000 Shares of £ 100 each . _TBVSTEBS . The Eight Hon . lord Monteagle . Tbe Itight Son . the Lord Nassau W . Senior , Esq ., a Chief Baron . Master in Chancery . The Hon Mr . Justice Cole- , C . P . Cooper , Esq ., ridge . < J . C , L . L . D ., P . B . S . The Hon . Mr . Justice Erie . George Capron , Esq .

      Ad00418

      JUST PUBLISHED , In one volume , foolscap 8 vo ., neat cloth , price 7 b . 6 d ., THE PURGATORY OF SUICIDES A Prison Rhyme : in Ten Books : BT THOMAS COOPEE , THE CHARTIST . J . How , Publisher , 132 , Fleet-street . < _gF Orders from the Country to be sent through the Booksellers . ME . COOPER'S NEW WORK . Just Published , in 2 vols ., 12 mo ., Price Fourteen Shillings ,

      Therfoktp?^ Star Satubday, November I'1845.

      _THErfOKTP _?^ STAR SATUBDAY , _NOVEMBER I ' 1845 .

      The Corn Laws.—The Famine.—The Railways,...

      THE CORN LAWS . —THE FAMINE . —THE RAILWAYS , AND THE LAND . The hurly-burly into which the sudden volcanic eruption of railway "speculation has-thrown us , together with the fascinating prospects that the importation of cheap corn from abroad may arrest the progress of famine at hfme , may probably furnish our experime » _tf _tliQOT « raiae'ati'ffith a pretext fox accomplishing a measure against which a more sober state of soeiety would protest—a total repeal of the Corn Lnws . . It may lie urged by . abstract _reasoners and interested speculators that the present' season of prospective scarcity is not only a fitting time , but the very time , at which the corn of other countries should be admitted free .

      As , however , we have at all times devoted much care to the instruction of the working classes upon this all-important subject , we feel ourselves now more than ever bound to caution them against any participation in a change which must inevitably add all the horrors of revolution to the misery of famine . It is a fact admitted on all bands , that every country in Europe has more or less suffered damage in all the articles of food , while , at the same time , in order to gull the landed supporters of Sir Robert Peel , It is

      ingeniously argued thatthe general failure , together with the protective policy of other governments , would have the effect of raising the price of corn in foreign countries to a standard at which it could not be imported into England to that extent which would materially affect the price of corn at home . Already do the several speculating journals furnish us with the market price of corn in the several wheat growing countries , from whence it might , with prospect of profit , be _imported into England .

      Now never was there a greater delusion , inasmuch as the price abroad , however high it may rate , would furnish no scale whatever as to its value when once imported into this country . As with labour , so with labour ' s produce—it is the amount in the market that regulates itsprlce . Suppose , then , that all the foreign speculators are at this moment engaged in anticipation of an Order in Council for opening the ports of England to the free importation of foreign corn , and suppose that anticipation to raise the market

      price in foreign countries , so that relatively to their distance from English ports they could not afford to sell their ' produce at less than 70 s . or 80 s . the quarter , to hold out such an argument to those who may be thereby induced to consent to the experiment would be " a mockery , a delusion , and a snare . " England is now supposed to be capable of abstracting at a sweep 430 , 000 , 000 from the active capital ofthe country to invest in moonshine , while cotemporaneously her capitalists and manufacturers can boast of a roaring trade .

      It is for such a market that the importers will speculate , should foreign _governments allow the food of the country to leave their shores , it will be the amount of corn sent here upon speculation , and not the price abroad , that will regulate its sale in our markets . If we require four million quarters to make good our deficiency , foreign speculators will not arrange their supplies accordingly , _bHtwilTcom .. pete for priority , and hence the richest market in the world will be drugged , not only with the spare corn of other countries , but with as much as can be pur . chased in the hope of remuneration . The landlords and farmers will then discover the effects of Free Trade in such a reduction in the price of produce as will astound them . The first effect of such an order

      would be precisely similar to that produced by Sir Robert Peel ' s cattle Tariff in 1841 . The effect of that measure was to create a panic so sudden , among the graziers and feeders , that in the anticipation of a supply from the Continent , wbich was not in existence , they glutted the meat market to an extent which reduced its price for some time nearly onehalf . This change was temporary , a few were partially benefitted , while the farmers , who sold under the apprehension of _the'panic , were considerably injured . Such would fee precisely the effect , upon the grain

      market , of an Order in Council to open the ports for tbe free importation of foreign corn . No sooner would the order issue than every thrashing machine and every flail would be put into active operation in order to anticipate foreign competition . Such would be the effect' upon the farming interest , while , during the season of panic , not a farmer would be found sufficiently speculative to give employment to the agricultural labourers , and as a necessary consequence , this immense body of men would either he driven as competitors into the manufacturing market , or converted into free livers ( for _^ thieves we could not call them ) upon whatever they could gei Thus we caution Sir Robert Peel not to seize that

      opportunity which an unhealthy public opinion , inflated with bubble speculations , may present for the accomplishment of a measure , the consequences of which the wisest cannot foresee . There is no policy more dangerous than that of seizing capricious opportunities for experimental egislation . The unhealthy state into which the Government has allowed railway and other speculations to fall , must inevitably saddle it with much of the threatened disaster from famine , " It is ludicrous to read of the nice mechanism , the chemical operations , and economical management / by

      which the whole people are told they MAY EXIST through the present calamity , while we assert , without fear of contradiction , that the anomalous position ifito . . which railway speculation has led hundreds of thousands -of idle non-contributors , materially adds to the Banger of the national malady , by the wasteful consumption of whole flocks of birds of prey , not one . of whom earns a morsel that he puts into his mouth . Yes , we -. assert that an ex-cat ' _umeat railway director , with a family of five , will consume and _waste ' more than five respectable families of five persons each .

      If our Co-operative Land Association numbered half a million , and if the shares were paid up , we should then enforce a repeal of the Corn Laws from the Prime Minister , in order that we might thereby be enabled to repurchase the usurped Land of the country at half its present price ; and if the importation of the produce of _Wign countries was THEN found injurious to our agricultural Association of 500 , 000 , aye , or even 100 , 000 , each with his musket , they could then shut the ports , and open them at discretion ; or if we were now living under the provisions ofthe People ' s Charter , we might be induced to open

      the ports , because v / e would be enabled to turn the change to national good , and to correct it if it became an evil . For all these reasons we have come to the conclusion that the whole railway system which has hitherto worked so much injury to society , and so little good to the poor , where the managers can prevent it , must be placed under the control of Government . That the possession of the Land alone by the people can secure them against calamities , in producing which they alone are irresponsible—that the Government of the country must be an emanation from the whole people , and not a kind of one-sided

      ladder , with easy " rungs" for the slothful , the privileged , and the idle to mount by , and a soaped pole for the industrious to slip down . ) Vhilc we write thus despondingly upon subjects now controlled by irre . sponsible and thoughtless men , let us not despair ; the crash of their own creation is at hand , and its inevitable effect must he to throw into our ranks the discontented of all classes , and their name will be Legion . When an army trained in idleness , dissipation , lewdness , and luxury , is disbanded , they become

      excellent weapons of agitation . They are not easily reconciled to their transition from the lap of case to the field of labour—they complain , and are heard , or they strike , and are felt . And so with the railway bubble when it bursts—all the insects that now flutter gorgeously in it , and ahout it , will be loath once more to return to the counter , the stall , the lapboard , or the cat ' s-meat , and , as a busy swarm , will buz angrily about the ear of faction , and if not heard and attended to , will sting the eyes of the _wDfully blind , So with the honest agricultural labourers

      The Corn Laws.—The Famine.—The Railways,...

      wno ate abouti not . only to _^ disinherited from their _parish l > ut to ; be drr _« n rutUeBsly . from the field of _toU Where they were willing to slave without amuiv mur , so long as they were allowed to preserve a Wretched existence for another how : of _misery-they , too , will murmur , and their hungry ravings will echo through the rocks and the caverns , while the valleys will blaie with the light of their indignation . So withthepompous trades and proud mechanics , who are now willing forgers of their own fetters ; they , too , will wail , and though we shall have less pity for their sufferings , we will embrace them in the national regeneration corps , and admit them to a participation in the battle and its fruits , which must be the trium ph bf justice over injustice , of knowledge over bigotry and intolerance , and of liberty over tyranny , THE PEOPLE'S CHARTER ASD THE LAND ! == _^ .. . . _„;> ,,,- _..,-...- _.,,...-... y . '/ " J- " - _"' . ,. J ,.... ; ,.. 3 j , » .. ; ..

      Famine. Hotvevbu Subtle, Shrewd, And Ing...

      FAMINE . _Hotvevbu subtle , shrewd , and ingenious the Prime Minister may be—and we do not mean to assert that Sir Robekt Pbel is deficient in any one of these qua lities—there is an enemy now stalking to his house which cannot be stayed or arrested by the tardy process of Parliamentary inquiry . The slow and _sluggish waddle of commission , committee , or even adjourned debate , will fail to keep . pace with the active bound with which famine is coming to our door .

      " Liv e horse , and you'll get grass ! ' has been the tempting bait offered by Sir Robert to the several parties upon whose fears of the coming of a greater hobgoblin he has been sustained in office . If Catholics complain of exclusion from one college , he tells them they ahall have fouv colleges . If Churchmen complain of the "heavy blows and great discouragement" aimed at their power , he freely opens his own purse , in the hope that legislative defection may be allayed by individual benefaction . If the landlords hang a murmur upon the rumour ofhis defection from their heretofore cherished and privileged

      order , the rod of Free Trade Is shaken over their shoulders . If threatened with revolt from within , the prospect of a long continuance of office , and as long an exclusion from place , checks opposition and silences complaint . Large landed proprietors are read y to be dragged tlirough the political mire BO long as their countenance and support shows a balance in favour of patronage in account with reduced rents , while the colonies and home pickings constitute a refuge for their destitute of & pring . All

      the means of Government furnished by those ready appliances will fail , however , when the Right Honourable Baronet has to deal with the great recruiting sergeant—hunger * Hence we find that the black flag has been suspended over that citadel which promises at once the easiest conquest and the most prompt relief . The citadel of monopoly is doomed , and must fall ; and if the ruin of the chief officers alone was tobe the result , we . should nothing mourn the crash .

      However fatal the inevitable consequence of a repeal of the Corn Laws must be to the landed proprietors ofthis country , and all who , as creditors , have claims upon their estates , we could look tamely on while the shock was roilsing thein to a sense of their injustice , subserviency , and thoughtlessness , were it not that a more innocent , meritorious , and much more numerous class must participate in the disaster . Such ever must be the case in a country governed without institutions , if a calamity occurs against which other nations can provide by a partial

      alteration in their policy , and without inflicting permanent evil upon any party . The Government of England in like cases , is compelled to make an assault upon the weakest party , as an offering to appease what a just system of Government might have averted . Under another-head we have distinctly shown the impossibility of repealing the Corn Laws without the certainty of increasing the famine ; and now we shall endeavour to direct the attention of our readers to that universal calamity which is marching onwards with rapid strides .

      As early as the month of July last , we announced the certainty ofa defective wheat crop—a calamity of itself quite sufficient to disarrange our house of cards , but when aggravated by the . failure , not . only ofthe potatoe crop , . but of nearly every other crop , calculated to make the stoutest heart quail .. There ieems to have been a universal blight . Throughout the great growing countries the vines have been extensively damaged . In Italy , its effect upon the mulberry trees was such as to compel the great silk growers to destroy in many instances more than one half of their silk worms , and the blight struck the

      leaf of the mulberry tree precisely as it struck the leaf of the potatoe . The turnip crop will' not Only prove deficient in quantity but bad in quality . The wheafc , and especially tlie late wheat , which has not been yet offered for sale , will be incalculably deficient in yield . The oat crop is abundant in straw but inferior in quality . Hence we may reduce our prospects to almost arithmetical precision thus—if a partial failure of the wheat crop in England olone , excites considerable alarm , what must be the effect ofa , failure in all the articles of food nearly all over the world—at least , over those portions ofthe world

      from whence supplies can come withm salvation reach ? Answer , _famme—imleBa _, ; . arrested by a measure which wiil compel those who have hoarded all the profits of labour in times of prosperity to administer to the general want in the trying hour of adversity . And why should it . not be so ? How often- have we denounced the system which causes all the visitations of God to fall alone upon those who are least capable of bearing them ? In this season of tribulation will the Q , ueen surrender any ofthe luxuries of life ?¦ ' Will the peer , the commoner , and the capitalist , who , by their own rules , laws ,

      and regulations have amassed all that belongs to all , open their purse . strings , or will they tempt the Almighty ' s . wrath and a hungry people ' s Vengeance ? Do they suppose that the speculative resolutions of buyers and sellers and traffickers in human food will stay the monster ' s march ? Do they imagine that the chemical process by which a little starch may be extracted from rotten potatoes will save their order from that responsibility which now legitimately , legally , morally , justly , and religiously

      devolves upon them ? We announced more than two months ago that nearly all Europe had sustained more than a one year ' s loss in the _" potatoe crop . We pointed out the difficulty , and were the first to do so , of procuring seed for the ensuing year , and now all admit the fact . We stated that it was an infection which would not cease when the potatoes were digged , but like a contagion would spread amongst them when stored , and that we were right each succeeding day furnishes additional and lamentable proof .

      We shall now briefly show the value of the potatoe crop as an article of human food as compared with thc value of the oat crop , which comes nearest to it in degree , and is relied upon as a substitute for its failure . An acre of potatoes we will take at the low average stated by the Times' Commissioner , in his letter of Tuesday last ( produced as a second crop upon reclaimed land ) at about 12 tons to the acre . Oats he estimates at ten barrels and four stone to the acre . Let tis now see the amount of support afforded relatively by the two crops . A man , his wife , and three children , will consume two stone of potatoes a day . There are 160 stone in a ton , which , consequently , would supply eighty days' food ; this ,

      multiplied by twelve , the number of tons , leaves 9 G 0 days' provision for the family ; add to which , the man will be able from the offal to support a pig from three to four months old , always selling him at four months , and replacing him with another of three months old , as the amount allowed foruse would not feed one of a larger size . The profit we allow upon the sale of each pig i 3 23 . 6 d . a month j and there being about two years and seven months in the 900 days , leaves a gross profit upon the sale of £ 3 Is 6 d which , at the ordinary price of potatoes ( _SuVpw stone ) , would procure food for about 1 . 50 days , or five months Thus , we show that a family of five can live for three yeara upon the produce of an acre of

      Famine. Hotvevbu Subtle, Shrewd, And Ing...

      potatoes of twelve tons , which is very much . below the average _^ crbp . The acre' of . oats , producing ten barrels and four stone , at fourteen stene te the barrel , will grind into about eleven hundred weight of meal , at eight stone tothe hundred weight , when the shellings are taken off . If we allow three pounds and a half of meal to a family of five for the day , one hundred weight will serve for thirty-two days , and eleven hundred weight will serve for 352 days . Thus we find that an acre of oats will furnish food for a family for one year , in addition to the straw , while the produce of an acre of potatoes will support the same family for three years . _nAt . _l _^ _a a _ttrTfll- _^ o tons . Which ia verv much hfllnw

      New , let it be borne in mind that , flour and oatmeal are things always bought and never grown by Irish labourers , and only produced by farmers for the payment of rent , while the potatoes are more or less grown by the whole labouring class , and we find that the dreadful word traffic , steps in to augment the grievance when the necessity for living upon bread or porridge arises . ' Again , in the South and West of Ireland , farmers usually have as many acres of potatoes as of wheat , as wheat always follows the potatoe crop , and they invariably have a greater number of acres of potatoes

      than of oats , as all the wheaten stubble is notalways devoted to oat crops . This rule will apply more extensively to all the small farmers and labourers upon the Continent of Europe , who invariably have a much larger portion of their land under potatoes than under oats . Thus we furnish an unerring table by which the loss of the potatoe crop as regards the labouring classes may be estimated , and we close our observations , for the present , . under this awful head , by reminding the wealthy , the proud , the arrogant , the thoughtless and oyer-secure , of the old adage , that " HUNGER WIU BREAK THROUGH STONE WALLS . "

      The Chartist Co-Operative Land Society. ...

      THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND SOCIETY . At foot we give the opinion of Counsel upon the Chartist Co-operative Land Association , and , however it may differ from , our own prejudice upon the question of enrolment , we felt bound to submit the case to Counsel without the slight est reference to our own feelings upon the subject . We felt that dealing with the interests of thousands , who cheerfully confide ltt US , thai their protection , their salvation and welfare alone should be onr primary consideration ; and we rejoice to find that the attention of Counsel has been mainly directed towards the protection of

      the shareholders . The opinion we feel convinced will be read by all concerned in the undertaking with equal delight as by ourselves . In the meantime we recommend the careful perusal of the opinion to every member of the Association , while we congratulate the working men upon the creditable and legal manner in which it appears the rules have been drawn up . It must be observed , that , while the principle of ballot is discountenanced , it is not illegal , and for this reason , because it does not violate the statutes against gaming and lotteries , inasmuch as compensation , though deferred , is afforded to every shareholder of the Society .

      And , further , when Counsel says that , if not enrolled , the Society will come under the provision of a certain Act of Parliament , he does not mean that its establishment is a violation of that Act , but that the non-enrolment would simply , under its provisions , entail upon us certain expenses which the enrolment will save us . We are minute upon . these subjects to show that the working men have not violated , and _. that we have not connived at the violation , of , any statute when we recommended the non-enrolment of the Society . Again—Ave have to _ express a hope that the several localities will proceed with as little delay as possible to make the necessary

      arrangements which we hereby appoint to take place at Manchester , on Monday , the 1 st day of December next , for the forthcoming Conference . Meantime we request that our good friends in other districts will not allow themselves to be so much alarmed by the Manchester resolution , for this simple reasonthat even if the suggestion were prudent , the carrying it out would be impossible , for two very natural reasons— firstly _, _' ibecause the directovswould not belcapable of performing the required duties , as it is not likely that practical agriculturists will be appointed to the office ; and , secondly , because they . could not be in twenty places at the same time : nevertheless , the

      Manchester members , as well as those of any other district , have a perfect right to make such suggestions and pass such resolutions as they think proper ; while we beg to remind the . Shareholders that their Conference must consist of _ndembera who will have an equal interest with all others in the success ofthe plan . No principle can be sacrificed , no member of Conference , let him act as he may , can be suspected of any greater crime than ignorance of the subject , as . each will he his own and his equal ' s representative .

      All members joining between this , time and the 24 th day of November , which day we hereby appoint for the election of Delegates by Shareholders , mU ! 3 t pay up the levy in order to entitle themselves to a vote for a Delegate . Feargus . O'Connor , Philip M ' _Gbaih . Christopher Doyle . Thomas Clahk . Thomas Martin Wheeler , Secretary ,

      Opinion On The Chartist Co-Operative Lan...

      OPINION ON THE CHARTIST CO-OPERATIVE LAND 80 CIE 1 T . _ The object of this Society , though new in character is undoubtedly legal . ; It professes to give to the working man an interest m the soil of his country ,, by allotting to him , as a permanent property , a portion of the land on wluch he bestows his skill and labour . So far is this object from being illegal , that its attainment would be favourable to the maintenance ot peace and order , the promotion of industry , and the diminution of crime , lam , nevertheless , of opinion that itis necessary ior t

      ne security of the shareholders , and the full SS _? f _^ e _plAH ' _^ _^' society should be duly _Arf il _2 _U he Frle _» dlyand Building Societies _^ _i _^ _^ _v _T _lP ° _' 5 _$ > ? 5 W ' - * 40 . and « and 1 W . IV . c . 32 . Independently of the _ad-^ £ _^ n y . n fforded bythose Aot * - * this Society , _LITT' , . come withili the provisions of the _iWv _^* _* . _^** ? _V Joint Stock Companies , 7 _K-il _™ , i ° ' _^ _* reby gl ' eater ex Pense would he incuried , and more stringent regulations imposed . _mSi . _^ fits to be derived from _enrolment the Mowing may be . enumerated — forced Sar _° bindin _S- _ma-y be legally _% n-

      _< . _vij Frot < ? cti < m j _* - e _^ en to members , their wives , and ¦ WS _? _?^ ? ' ) Mv Just claims , and against any fraudulent dissolution of the Society . m _^ _t _nfS 7 rem are given for the punish-3 the SoSef committed mth res * , ect t 0 the property aroitS ? '¦ _"" * finJ % settled by x _& m _™ t ° _?• , Documents are exempt from Stamp duty . lhe rules , as placed before me , appear to have been drawn up with much care , and scarcely admitof mate-Hal amendment , I think the election of occupiers by lot or ballot is open to some objection , which it mav be advisable , though not absolutely ' _iieeSmtTS avoid . . Such a mode of election would notpSaby _$ L _wi _"* _™^* ° T the statutes _gainst gaming and lottenes , ( 8 Geo . I . c . 2 , and 12 Geo II c 9 8 1 _aoie at one period or another hut w ¦• ¦ „ _* _..

      _SiSV' ? _- ght ° PP ° se "me difficulties to the successful working of the plan . ' whn Tld n # ' as a _Preferable course , that they _£ rP ? fi ° i iff Fy P the _*& _^ ount of their hwKl _£ S « , f 8 tentit \ to the allotments . I S ™ attended with many advantages . It wm prevent the disappointment of those who draw blanks where they expected _Drizes ; eaeh shareolder will feel that it depends _ipon himself , and not upon chance merely , whether his occupation be advanced or retarded in point of time ; greater exer tions will be made for the earlv n _^ S _^ ,. _^!

      and tlie accomplishment of the _undertaking will _tS _^ mor e speedily effected . There wm _bSdSLlty I should suppose , m the purchasing of land-Sen thc funds are once collected . and ° nnrW _? ., ' .- _£ _- inanagement , a rapid Pi _* _ogS ma _^ _StfiSff J the priority of payment be adopted as the _basisof _rSSvK _^ _rS : if mt aU lt _£ Zet % J _?? S » * de P end _much > _tKid _ofS _a _^ - _atfcwgii bei genera _^™ l _^ _tfiTeSf _SHheir _sSSaU _iff _^ T \ _mi « _Sojen _SlhS £ al £ Km W * _x th r _Soc"ty . ' _^ sufficient I penaiues should be imposed for a _aegket 0 _f _oaw & . '

      Opinion On The Chartist Co-Operative Lan...

      misappropriation of . the funds . By section 3 nf _¦•„ ' Geo . IV . c . 56 , these- penalties should be _exwe » _? in the rules ,, and I- have therefore added aVnilT that eifect . ( See Eule 16 a . ) . a ru , « to By section 33 , of the same Act , a full state ment the funds , Ac ., must be prepared at least once a vZ > and every member is to be entitled to a copVT _* paying a sum not exceeding sixpence . Thin nL . will be found in the" addition which I have mad ? _J rule 7 . u «« e to By section 10 the places of meeting must _besao- _** fied in the rules ; and by section 27 thc names of tu arbitrators should be entered in the book in which iu rules are entered . These sections are now Pr 0 _YS ior in rules 16 b and 21 . _^« _ndea By section 33 of thesame Act the auditors sho » vi be members of the Society . ( See Rule 10 . ) m It does not appear to me that any other alteratin--. are required , :. _'* « Ten . ple . Oct . 28 , 18 _' 5 . Ifa * " _" _* _mTfl-mnwml- ?' - _) _- Inn nf _fha _funi-lc- H „ — -. _•

      Important Suggestion For The Trv Servati...

      IMPORTANT SUGGESTION FOR THE TRV SERVATION OF THE POTATOE CROP . ' Sinee onr notice of the threatened famine was written , we have gleaned more general _infoiinatiaa upon the awful visitation , all of which will bo found in the following sad and melancholy list of Ireland ' s lamentations . Much as we may sneer at the " STARCHY" recommendations of scientifio gentlemen , who live upon the fat of the land , _nevei'thetaa we are bound to assist by all means in arresting _tt 0 spread of contagion , and to that end we call

      particular attention . to the plan recommended by tho Rcy . W . Le Poor Trench , Rector of Killorcnan . Ife recommends that the potatoes now in ground should not be digged , but that they should have an additional covering of six inches of earth cast upon them . Now , this is a grain of wisdom in the sack of Wild speculation , and is a plan which experience justifies . It is the custom , when potatoes aro digged , to put them in a pit , and cover them over with dry straw , or ferns , then covering all over with a heavy coat of earth . In thb state they will keep from the middle of November till March , or April , the shoots growing

      long but feebly through the covering . When the pit is opened , the process of vegetation JS fOUlld 110 t tO have damaged the potatoes from which shoots have grown , to any material degree , indeed , not at all , We never heard a single complaint . If . however , those at present uncontaminated are pitted with the smallest portion of tho infected , all will go , and tho value of Mr . Trench ' s prescription over all those of the scientifies , is , that it will arrest the infection more effectually than any other plau yet recommended , while it will preserve the crop from tho effects of frost . If this plan be extensively adopted , the following must , naturally , be the result .

      Those potatoes now infected will vot in the ground , and those that have escaped will give _oheerin- _* notice of the fact by shooting above the covering in due time . This is the be 3 t and cheapest mode of carrying out the packing system recommended by the Netherlands' Society . To this we add the following notice : — "We would strongly recommend all who have straw or old hay , or dry ferns , or , what . is still better , peat , to cover up their potatoes yet undigged , and allow them to await the process of vegetation , which will prove their soundness , while they will be effectually protected against frost . "

      THE "LEEDS TIMES" AND THE "NORTHERN STAR . " To Mr . M'Gowan , Printer , 10 , Great Windmill-street , Sir , —I beg to call your attention to the enclosed paragraph , which appeared in the Leeds Times newspaper of the ISth of October , and to request an explanation of the statement from you , I am aware that it is going a great length with a tradesman with whose arrangements I have no right to interfere , further than as regards the proper execution and

      timely printing of the Northern Star ; but , atthe _same-time , I feel assured that your knowledge of my position with the working classes , as well as mj fixed opinion upon the rights" of labour , will induce you to set me right with the public ; while , at the Same time , after an extensive connexion of tenyears _, as employer and employed , I crave your unbiassed opinion of my character as regards an employer . Again expressing regret that I should be so far forced to infringe upon your domestic concerns ,

      - I remain , sir , Yonr obedient servant , Feargus O'Cossor . The «• _Peopie ' _s PArER ' . " —The Northern Star , whieh was established to uphold the rights of labour , has lately adopted rather queer methods of illustrating its sympathj with the classes whose " rights" it advocates . Though declaiming against machinery as the enemy of the working classes _^ the Northers * Star did not hesitate to establiBh a steam press to print its weekly impression—dispensing with pressmen , and all hand labour that could be dispensed with . This , of course , we Uo not complain of , ns we print our own paper by machinery , and could not print the number required without it ; But then , we do not

      keep up the circulation of our paper among the working classes by running down _machinery . The Star has been in the practice of denouncing all _miil-mastsrs , manufacturers , and other employers , who dispensed With tho labour of men , and hired in their stead bovs and w . ome . v _. No terms were too bad to be applied to such " oppressors " of the labouring classes . "Win it he believed , thatthe Nortiijbbn _SlAK is now got up almost exclusively by boss ' labour , and that all the men , with ome exception ( and he cannot be done _; without , ) have been discharged from the office ? And , meanwhile , the Star continues to preach up sympathy with the labouring poor , and to denounce those masters as" vampires , " & c ., whose example it is so ready to follow , when a prospect of greater profit presents itself . ,

      16, Great Windmill-Street, Oct. 30th, 18...

      16 , Great Windmill-street , Oct . 30 th , 1835 . Sir , —I have read the paragraph in the Leeds Times respecting the mode in which the printing of the Northern Star is managed , and , in accordance with your wish , I make the undermentioned statement in contradiction of that paragraph . The editor of the Leeds Times , in allowing himseli to minister to thc malice of some unprincipled and dishonest workmen , and in his eagerness to damage a publication of opposite politics , has inserted in his paper a tissue of falsehoods .

      It is untrue that the Northern Star is now , or haa at any time been , printedexclusively , or nearly exclusively , by apprentices : it is untrue that there ia only one journeyman employed upon it ; and it is untrue that any journeyman has been discharged from tha _wmponiwiahip . Not only are these assertions untrue , but the contrary is so notorious to any one acquainted with the office , that the informant of the Leeds Times mviat have been perpetrating a wilful falsehood in making the communication which the editor has printed .

      Since the Northern Star has been printed by mc I have paid in wages to the compositors £ 82113 s . -5 il . ' , of which sum £ bU 2 s . 9 _| d . has been raid to compositors receiving the full amount of their earnings , and £ 28710 s . 7 id . has been paid to the a pprentices . There are at this moment eight persons on the companionship who receive the full wages , and those wages are calculated by the scale recognised _^ _iridw-J enforced ) by the men themselves : and of these eight , I believe . five belong to a society in London , whose members make it a special part of their business to keep the closest watch upon the movements of tie employers .

      Some journeymen have lately left my employment , but have left of their own accord ; . they have left mo in the expectation of benefitting themselves by taking situations on the railway papers now starting up & such abundance on all sides . Touching the question of apprentices generally , 1 do not _helieye there are more in this office than aro to be found in most London houses ; and , leaving the Star companionship out oftlie calculation , Ikn ' ow oi ' no office where there are so few .

      In giving this pointed contradiction to the _asser tions of the editor of the Leeds Times ( a contradiction that can be confirmed by any one either now or heretofore in my employment ) , I hope it will be so far satisfactory to you , as to release me from any future necessity of occupying the columns of the _Sfar . by a detail of my private business . I make this statement for your satisfaction , andin opposition to my own inclinations , I do not reoog nise the right of any customer of mine to call me to account for the manner in wliich the domestic _economy ° f my office is conducted . . I manage my business f

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 1, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns4_01111845/page/4/