Let’s understand what this style of literature and movies has in store for the audience.
What Is a Memoir?
Memoirs are powerful storytelling vehicles that capture intimate personal experiences from the author's unique perspective. Here's what filmmakers need to know:
A memoir is centered on the author's personal past, told through their specific lens and voice. While it doesn't need to focus exclusively on the author (it can explore people or events connected to them), it must be anchored in their personal perspective.
For filmmakers, memoirs are especially valuable because of their emotional authenticity rather than strict factual accuracy. The power lies in the philosophical reflections, sentimental moments, and raw expressions of human experience.
Unlike documentaries that prioritize objective facts, memoirs embrace subjective truth, often featuring embellished details that serve the emotional core of the story. This gives you creative freedom when adapting them to the screen, allowing you to focus on capturing the emotional journey rather than documenting every fact precisely.
What Are the Different Types of Memoirs?
A writer can reminisce about an incident in a variety of writing styles.
Over the years, memoirs have come to be classified into four broad categories:
Personal Memoirs
They’re all about intimate experiences from the author’s life. These journals of experiences can discuss any aspect of an individual’s life—lost love, surviving an illness, losing a loved one, or an achievement.
Personal memoirs are raw and authentic, almost like getting to experience something through someone else’s eyes.
Examples include The Glass Castle by Jeannette Walls and The Year of Magical Thinking by Joan Didion.
Portrait Memoirs
In these, the author recalls a personal experience involving something or someone close to them. The subject of the memoir is not the author themselves but something dear to them, presented through their subjective lens.
It could be a person, a place, or even a habit.Portrait memoirs will essentially explore the subject and not the writer.
One example is Beautiful Boy: A Father's Journey Through His Son's Addiction by David Sheff.
Political Memoirs
Usually written by politicians, political memoirs are subtly persuasive despite exploring the author's personal experiences through intimate journaling. They usually aim to garner support from readers and can be radical in nature. They can also be extremely inspirational and thought-provoking for readers.
Think Che Guevara's The Motorcycle Diaries or Michelle Obama’s Becoming.
Public Memoirs
They are memoirs written by well-known personalities. While they do not take a political approach, they can be life-changing for the readers.
An example is Palimpsest: A Memoir by Gore Vidal.
Credit: Aaron Burden on Unsplash
Memoirs vs. Autobiography
Key Differences
When adapting true stories, knowing whether you're working with a memoir or autobiography helps determine your approach. Memoirs give you more creative flexibility to focus on emotional truth rather than chronological completeness, while autobiographies might require more comprehensive coverage.
While both contain memories, there are some distinct differences between the two.
A memoir zooms in on a specific time, phase, or incident in someone's life, while an autobiography covers their entire life journey.
Memoirs are retrospective, sentimental, and intimate. Autobiographies focus more on factual milestones and life events.
Memoirs reflect subjectively on experiences. Autobiographies reveal information and motivations behind life choices.
Key Similarities
While there are distinctive differences between them, there are multiple similarities between a memoir and an autobiography, too.
Both use first-person narration and present subjective viewpoints through the author's personal lens.
Both give readers access to the author's intimate feelings and thoughts.
Both present facts as the author experienced them, filtered through personal perspective.
Adapting Memoirs Into Films
Memoirs make great material for films because they tell real stories from personal viewpoints. Their unique strengths can help filmmakers create movies that truly connect with audiences.
Memoirs contain genuine conflicts experienced by real people, giving filmmakers ready-made character journeys and emotional arcs. These personal stories often reveal familiar situations in personal ways that audiences might never otherwise encounter.
Well-adapted memoirs can spark strong emotional responses in viewers because people recognize that these experiences actually happened to someone. This mix of personal truth and unique viewpoint makes memoirs especially suited for film,
Iconic Memoirs That Were Adapted Into Films
1. Beautiful Boy
This film, which depicts the journey of a father and son through the latter's meth addiction, can undoubtedly be considered one of the finest examples of adapting memoirs. Adapted from two different memoirs, one by the father, David Sheff, and the other by his meth-addicted son, Nic Sheff, the film beautifully presents Nic's (Timothée Chalamet) journey from addiction to sobriety, with his father (Steve Carell) as his pillar of strength.
2. Girl, Interrupted
Angelina Jolie’s performance in this movie won her a Golden Globe, Critics’ Choice, and Oscar for Best Supporting Actress. The movie is nuanced in its depiction of Susanna Kaysen’s (played by Winona Ryder) time in commitment at McLean Hospital in Massachusetts, during a time when America was beginning to understand mental illness.
3. 127 Hours
Based on a memoir chronicling Aron Ralston's harrowing experience after he accidentally trapped his arm in a slot canyon while hiking in Canyonlands National Park, the film adaptation was widely acclaimed for its nuanced portrayal of his ordeal. It was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor (James Franco).
4. Catch Me If You Can
Starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks, this is an adaptation of the eponymous memoir by Frank Abagnale, in which he reveals his life of crime and deception before the world. Directed by Steven Spielberg, this film is one of the most riveting thrillers of recent memory. With the FBI on his tail, it’s a cat-and-mouse chase that goes around the world. Needless to say, both actors are brilliant in the film.
5. The Theory of Everything
Authored by the wife of renowned scientist Stephen Hawking, the memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen reveals Hawking’s personal life through the eyes of his partner. The film The Theory of Everything is a beautiful adaptation of the memoir that brings the author’s most intimate emotions to life on screen.
There is no correct way to write a memoir or adapt it into a film. Memoirs aim to explore the author’s emotions and perceptions, while a film adaptation is the filmmaker’s perception of the memoir.
If you’re a filmmaker seeking a memoir to adapt, be sure to choose one that inspires you or is relatable to you, since you will be living with the story continuously and intimately for a considerable time.
Until then, watch memoir films and study how filmmakers have translated words and emotions into visuals!