Humans have inadvertently changed global ecosystems and triggered the dawn of a new
geological epoch, the Anthropocene. While some organisms can tolerate human activities and …

Although the invention and widespread use of artificial light is clearly one of the most
important human technological advances, the transformation of nightscapes is increasingly …

Language models demonstrate both quantitative improvement and new qualitative
capabilities with increasing scale. Despite their potentially transformative impact, these new …

Plants are exposed to a wide range of potential pathogens, which derive from diverse phyla.
Therefore, plants have developed successful defense mechanisms during co-evolution with …

Background The threats facing Ecuador's Yasuní National Park are emblematic of those
confronting the greater western Amazon, one of the world's last high-biodiversity wilderness …

Optical atomic clocks, due to their unprecedented stability 1 , 2 – 3 and uncertainty 3 , 4 , 5 –
6 , are already being used to test physical theories 7 , 8 and herald a revision of the …

Similar to insects, birds and pterosaurs, bats have evolved powered flight. But in contrast to
other flying taxa, only bats are furry. Here, we asked whether flight is impaired when bat …

Wind turbines are increasingly established throughout Europe and North America with often
fatal consequences for wildlife, most importantly bats and birds. Yet, it is often unknown over …

A common response by plants to fungal attack is deposition of callose, a (1,3)-β-glucan polymer,
in the form of cell wall thickenings called papillae, at site of wall penetration. While it has …

Fusarium graminearum is the causal agent of the Fusarium head blight (FHB) and a
destructive pathogen of cereals accounting for high grain yield losses especially on wheat and …