… are in the query range; as a result, the speed-up of the learned index becomes less obvious.
… that learned index has the potential to provide benefits on spatial data access and query …

… learning models, we study an analogy problem for spatial data. We propose a novel Learned
Index structure for Spatial … learned indexing method LISA that works for arbitrary spatial …

… a similar drop in performance using learned indexes. Figure 5 shows the effect of number
of cells and number of points that are scanned in each partition on query runtime for Fixed-grid …

… 2, we survey the existing studies in spatial index structure, spatial query, and learned
index. In Sect. 3, we introduce the learned HM index. In Sect. 4, we design query processing …

… spatial attributes for index learning. Concurrent with our work, a learned index has been
proposed for spatial … propose a query-aware learned index named WISK considering spatial and …

… The remainder of this paper is outlined as follows: In the next two sections we introduce the
general idea of learned indexes using B-Trees as an example. In Section 4 we extend this …

… learned indices are highly effective and efficient. Query processing using our indices is more
… an order of magnitude faster than the use of R-trees or a recently proposed learned index. …

… of new learned indexes for researchers. We compare state-of-the-art learned indexes in the
… , and provide findings to select suitable learned indexes under various practical scenarios. …

… of the learned index, we use only two. The incentive behind this decision is that if the second
stage index … Additionally, unlike their proposed learned index, the second stage of learned …

… spatial indexes, our proposed learned index can significantly improve the index building
and query … Different from existing learned indexes, we explore using spatial interpolation …