… to obtain earlier units in order to obtain the later units. Thus, a contribution … the current paper
is to determine when upgrade pricing is exactly optimal and then to find the upgrade prices …

… -equivalent and the optimal upgrade policies in … optimal policies of different models, we
discuss, for example, when restricting upgrade fees increases the optimal number of upgrade …

… We derive pricing formulas under the assumption that demand for products follows a
multinomial logit model, and we develop an algorithm for finding a global optimal solution to the …

… special upgrade pricing to old customers in order to mitigate the … analyze the optimality of
upgrade pricing by characterizing the … and the equilibrium pricing structure, particularly in the …

… upgrades and characterize the optimal pricing and … optimal discriminatory pricing for the
infinite horizon pricing problem with fixed introduction times. We reduce the optimal pricing …

… (if any) of the customers to upgrade to a higher quality product. We characterize the structure
of the optimal upgrade, pricing and … the structure of the optimal upgrade, replenishment, and …

… , we show that it is optimal to set the new product price at a … We study the optimal dynamic
pricing decisions involved in the … In particular, we adopt the vertical product differential model (…

… the optimal subset of module upgrades from a large set of potential upgrades to maximize
profits. … selected module upgrades, the modified price of the upgraded products should be …

… we can show that the optimal demand fulfillment (upgrade) policy … , the optimal upgrade
threshold is nonincreasing in the inventory … upgrade acceptance probability depends on the price …

… Upgrade decisions differ from new purchase decisions … by the psychological costs associated
with the purchase price … However, the results suggest that there was no clearly “optimal” …