Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising in ascertaining brain-like behaviors since
spikes are capable of encoding spatio-temporal information. Recent schemes, eg, pre-training …

There are two general approaches to developing artificial general intelligence (AGI) 1 :
computer-science-oriented and neuroscience-oriented. Because of the fundamental differences …

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) that enables energy efficient implementation on emerging
neuromorphic hardware are gaining more attention. Yet now, SNNs have not shown …

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising in a bio-plausible coding for spatio-temporal
information and event-driven signal processing, which is very suited for energy-efficient …

The accurate prediction of protein−ligand binding free energies is a primary objective in
computer-aided drug design. The solvation free energy of a small molecule provides a surrogate …

In order to introduce flexibility into the simple point-charge (SPC) water model, the impact of
the intramolecular degrees of freedom on liquid properties was systematically studied in this …

Designing tight-binding ligands is a primary objective of small-molecule drug discovery. Over
the past few decades, free-energy calculations have benefited from improved force fields …

There are two principle approaches for learning in artificial intelligence: error-driven global
learning and neuroscience-oriented local learning. Integrating them into one network may …

Lithium–sulfur batteries (Li–S) are recognized as the next generation of secondary batteries
due to their satisfactory theoretical specific capacity and energy density. However, a series …

Nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH) 2 ) is a promising electrocatalyst for the 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural
oxidation reaction (HMFOR) and the dehydronated intermediates Ni(OH)O species are proved …