Mechanism underlying the scaling law of home-return probability in human mobility

H Niu, XY Yan - arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.20988, 2026 - arxiv.org
H Niu, XY Yan
arXiv preprint arXiv:2606.20988, 2026arxiv.org
Individual daily mobility exhibits a striking scaling law: the probability of returning home after
a tour of $ l $ locations decays as $ P_ {\rm ret}(l)\sim l^{-\gamma} $. While the tour-terminate-
continue (TTC) model reproduces this behavior, it relies on this power law as an empirical
input, leaving the microscopic origin of $\gamma $ unresolved. Here we show that this
scaling emerges from a utility trade-off governed by cognitive constraints. By invoking the
principle of least effort, we demonstrate that individual activity priorities follow Zipf's law, $ p …
Individual daily mobility exhibits a striking scaling law: the probability of returning home after a tour of locations decays as . While the tour-terminate-continue (TTC) model reproduces this behavior, it relies on this power law as an empirical input, leaving the microscopic origin of unresolved. Here we show that this scaling emerges from a utility trade-off governed by cognitive constraints. By invoking the principle of least effort, we demonstrate that individual activity priorities follow Zipf's law, , which directly dictates the sublinear accumulation of tour utility, . Luce's choice rule then yields , giving the exact exponent . Agent-based simulations confirm this analytical relation. Our framework bridges the gap between individual cognitive constraints and the scaling law of tour behavior, providing a microscopic theoretical underpinning for human mobility.
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