The Minoans

The Minoans

      
     Something that happened around 1500 B.C. was very significant to our studies. It was a cataclysm that affected people around the entire Mediterranean and may have been the greatest catastrophe in history, short of the Great Flood itself. It was the eruption of the volcano on the island that is currently called Santorini, but in ancient times was called Thera.

     Santorini is one of the beautiful Cyclades Islands controlled by the modern nation of Greece, about 420 miles from the coast of Egypt. The whole island literally rests on the mouth of a volcano.

          The people who lived on this island in 1500 B.C. were called the Minoans. You may have heard of the Minoans before. The stories of King Minos, the Minotaur and the Labyrinth, from Greek mythology, are all about them.

     They were an incredibly advanced civilization based on the island of Crete, with their capital at the city of Knossos.  In some cases, we are only now achieving a sufficient level of scientific ability to be able to understand what they accomplished, after 3500 years of “progress.” (That’s humbling, isn’t it?)

     This is what we do know (and there is more being uncovered every day). Below is the reconstructive drawing of the palace at Knossos. It is a maze of rooms that is probably the basis for the legend of the Labyrinth. It has over 1,300 rooms and was the size of four football fields. To give you some perspective, the White House has 132 rooms and we think it’s big.

 
      The other Minoan towns had three and four story buildings, with running water to the top floors of the residences (yes, uphill) and a mechanically sophisticated sewer system. They had functioning bathrooms on the fourth floors of their buildings and in the common people's homes, not just nobles' palaces!

     The photo below shows the excavations of the town of Akrotiri, the only completely intact Minoan town found on Santorini.  It is buried beneath dozens of feet of pumice and volcanic ash. 
  
 

      Our European culture didn't come anywhere near that level of plumbing until 3,400 years later, in the 1800's A. D.  Until then, we (the most advanced civilization on the planet) were throwing our sewage into the streets!

A portion of the Minoan pipe system that was able to pump water (without mechanized pumps, using the Venturi effect) up hill, to bathrooms, kitchens and fountains.

     The construction of the buildings incorporated a combination of timbers and brick or stone, such that they were earthquake resistant. They had a very advanced system for conducting and modifying light and airflow to interior rooms of their buildings.
 

 
      Their palaces were covered with polished gypsum, that shown like silver in the sun, mentioned by Plato, in his descriptions of the Atlanteans.

 

     They had two complete alphabets, only one of which we have deciphered. One of them looks very much like the First Tongue that we've discussed in this blog before. Remember Genesis 11:1, where the Bible tells us that all people had one language.

    



     Their sculptures and paintings are very complex, very skilled and very life-like, unlike anything else known in that era.

       At the time, both Crete and Santorini were VERY fertile and the fields and orchards produced a great deal of produce for both consumption and trade.

      
     The Minoans had huge trading and military fleets and their artifacts are found all over the Mediterranean.  Their main bases were on islands in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea and they themselves possessed superior fleets of ships, in both technology and number.  This made them almost unassailable to any other culture at the time.  The Minoans dominated the entire Mediterranean coastal region with their navies. The Egyptians said that they ruled all the nations on the Mediterranean Sea, west of Egypt.

       They were the only people that the Egyptians of the Pharaohs considered civilized and on a par with their own culture.
 

      There is a city that the Minoans built on the Egyptian coast where their trade and diplomatic delegations carried on regular business with Egypt.  Much of the art and technology of the Minoans and the Egyptians was obviously similar.  The boats that have been found buried near the tombs of the Pharaohs were quite obviously either built by, or were based on, the designs of the Minoans.  They look almost exactly like the ones depicted in Minoan artwork.  See the model of the Egyptian boat photographed below and compare it with the drawings of Minoan ships above.

      There was a reason for this bond between Egyptians and Minoans . We don’t know where Plato got the name “Atlantis” or “Atlanteans.”  We don’t know what the Minoans called themselves.  In the Bible, the island of Crete is called “Caphtor” and the people who lived on it were called “Caphtorites.”  The Egyptians called them “the Kefchu,”or "Keftiu," obviously a related word, which was also their name for the island of Crete.
 

      Notice this verse from the book of Genesis, in the Bible:

^{Ge 10:6} The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim (the Hebrew word for Egypt), Put and Canaan

^{Ge 10:13} Mizraim was the father of the Ludites, Anamites, Lehabites, Naphtuhites,

^{Ge 10:14} Pathrusites, Casluhites (from whom the Philistines came) and Caphtorites.

  
    I think that these, then, are the Atlanteans.



       The legend of Atlantis first came to Western culture from the writings of Plato, in his works called “The Timaeus” and “The Critias.” He tells us that his grandfather, Solon, (c. 638 BC – 558 BC) the Greek philosopher and lawyer, was able to interview some learned Egyptian priests of On, who told him about a place that Solon called Atlantis.

      We won’t go into great detail here, but suffice it to say that the story tells of a great people who lived on an island in the Mediterranean. They were very advanced and possessed many wonderful machines, cities and abilities. They lived on an island that was circular in nature and had a series of canals in 3 concentric circles, with canals connecting them to the sea and large causeways to move the cargoes from the docks.

      They were ruled by a council of 5 kings.

      They ended, though, when their island sank into the sea, “in a day and a night,” with fire and smoke. The end of the story says that this happened about 9,000 years ago.

That "9,000 years ago" thing was and is confusing a lot of people. 

      Then archaeologists found in an Egyptian wall inscription telling the same story, nearly verbatim. The interesting thing is that the Egyptian number for the number of years since this happened was 900, not 9,000. Solon had apparently misinterpreted the numbers.

      If you add the date that Solon heard this story (say, around 600 B. C.) and you add 900 years to it, you get…. what? 1500 B. C.

      I think it’s interesting that the geologists want to argue about it and say that the eruption happened in 1600. Who are we supposed to believe? The people who actually lived during that time or some egg head in an office somewhere, living 3,500 years later? 

      So, one of the bases of the Minoan empire, the island of Santorini, literally exploded with a force that made Mt. St. Helens look like a firecracker. To give you some perspective, it was thousands of times more destructive than the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima and we all know what that did!

      Six hundred cubic miles of material were expelled, producing a crater 1,000 feet deep. It produced an ash cloud 24 miles high and 120 miles across. It could be seen from Egypt. The sound of the explosion circled around the world 10 to 12 times. 

      It produced what the geologists call an “earthquake storm.” That is, there were a rapid series of earthquakes, one right after another, in magnitudes of 3-5.

      I understand that every volcano spits out pumice, which is a light, porous, glassy stone formed by violently expelling lava. Each kind of pumice is unique to that volcano alone, like a fingerprint. They have found the unique pumice from the Santorini volcano as far away as the Nile Delta and the Black Sea, a thousand miles away.

      Interestingly, Dr. Manfried Bietak has found a layer of this pumice at Avaris, a city in Egypt. He does not hesitate to date it confidently at 1500 B. C.

     This event essentially ended the Minoan civilization. The people on Santorini seemed to have had warning. There were beds dragged out into the street and piled with possessions. There were houses and tools and other possessions, but no bodies like we found at Pompey and Herculaneum. Remember, it took a day and a night to destroy the island.

     They had to hurry to get away. The towns of Santorini were buried in 30-80 feet of pumice (that’s as high as an 8 story building).  They would have slowly been buried alive, otherwise.

      However, even if they did manage to get on ships and get away, there was no way that they could have outrun the subsequent blasts and wave fronts.  Their ships would have been blasted as though by modern cannon fire and then the passengers and crew would have been drowned by the tidal waves that followed.  

      The tidal waves, or tsunamis, would have raced across the Mediterranean.  Tsunamis can reach unbelievable speeds, as much as 500 miles an hour. 

     The first barrier that the wave front would have encountered is the island of Crete - capital, power base and home to the majority of the Minoan people. There were not just one, but a series of tsunamis. They’ve found evidence for as many as ten. The waves would have run unimpeded across this low island, killing the people, tearing up the towns, orchards and gardens and soaking and re-soaking the fertile ground with salty sea water. 

      In old times, when you conquered an enemy and you really wanted to hurt them, you would “sow their fields with salt.” That is, you and your army would go to every fertile field and spread salt all over it. 

     What would that do?  

     It makes the ground incapable of growing crops for many years to come, essentially destroying the agriculture, and thereby the food supply and the strength, of that people.

     So, within 24 hours, the Minoans went from being a numerous, self-sufficient, comfortable, well-protected, rich people who were one of the major forces in their world, to a few shell-shocked, scattered stragglers who had no food, no hope of growing any food, no homes, few boats and nothing to trade.

      A few stragglers managed to find refuge in Egypt, which is how the priests of On got their story to tell Solon. Most of them just disappeared into oblivion.

      I used to wonder why God would do such a thing to these people. I've come to understand that there were multiple things that happened as a result of this catastrophe.

      There were a people in Greece at the time, called the Mycenaeans.  Anybody ever see the movie “Troy?”  Well, it was the Mycenaean Greeks that destroyed Troy in that movie.

      They weren’t what we would think of as Greeks today. They were more like the Vikings, a nation of bandits, who lived by warfare.

       The Minoans had kept the Mycenaeans under control. With the sudden removal of the dominating Minoan navy, the Greeks began expanding their power and eventually were an influence throughout the Mediterranean world. Their culture, we know, eventually influenced much of Western thought. 

      In addition, they grew to be militarily strong enough to stop the Persians when they tried to invade and dominate Europe. Without the Greeks doing these two things, our history would have been vastly different, as they insured the foundation and continuation of our Western culture.

      With the Minoans no longer militarily superior to them, the Mycenaens could now do what they had always wanted to do. They invaded Crete and wiped out the few pitiful survivors still there.  They became Crete, establishing homes and towns there.

      Unfortunately for them, they got full of themselves and decided they could continue south and invade Egypt.  Egypt was more than able to handle them.  The Pharaoh of that time didn’t even need to kill them. He repelled their ships and sent them on their way.  They had to go somewhere else, so they went east, attacking and supplanting the Canaanites in the coastal area that later came to be called Philistia.

^{Dt 2:23} And as for the Avvites (a branch of the Canaanite tribes) who lived in villages as far as Gaza (we remember Gaza as being one of the Philistine towns on the coast), the Caphtorites coming out from Caphtor destroyed them and settled in their place.)
 

      That’s right. That’s where the Philistines came from. The archeological record shows that the earliest Philistine artifacts were Mycenaean, not Minoan.

      It explains why they suddenly appear in the Biblical record, seemingly fully formed out of nowhere. It also goes a long way to explaining their consistently violent dealings with the Israelites.

      What does that have to do with our study?  I am firmly convinced that some of the people possessing the surviving technology, agriculture and civilization from the pre-Flood civilization, made their way to an island haven, where they could not be destroyed by the barbarian hordes surrounding them.  They were able to multiply and flourish and would have become an unstoppable influence in the affairs of the world. 

       That couldn't be allowed if God's plan for history was to be carried out.  The Greeks and the Romans were needed to dominate the Mediterranean area if the Jews and subsequently Jesus were to play their roles in history, as He intended.

     That could never have happened with the Minoans on the scene.  So, they were erased from history so thoroughly that, even today, we have a hard time knowing anything about them.

     One thing is clear.  Once again, there was another highly advanced civilization that had aspects far beyond our own technology, far in the past, where the evolutionary materialists say they should never have been.

     The evidence continues to mount!


WARNING!!

     The truth is there.  You just have to see it.

     This blog has been written with the sole purpose of using the ample evidence available to verify and support the biblical record, while refuting the copious propaganda that is shoved down our throats daily by materialistic uniformitarians. 

     It is my contention that the Bible describes God's original creation of people with extraordinary capabilities who subsequently created an advanced civilization that exceeds our own.  It was destroyed in the Great Flood and we have spent the last 4,500 years trying to preserve or re-build that civilization.  I contend that science supports all this in multiple disciplines, but this information is ignored, discredited or suppressed by people who have an opposing agenda.

     Nothing that you see on this blog is original.  Any fact that you see here is obtainable on a dozen different websites and books.  I use these facts and photos, without violating their copyrights, under the legal principle of fair use practice.  That is, I use them one time, for educational purposes only.

     The point is, nothing here is made up.  The only thing that I do (or need to do) is assemble this information in its readily discernible pattern. 

      You might want to read through the first entry posted on this blog (Past Remembering: Thoughts toward a coherent view of our ancient past, our present and our future) in order to understand my theoretical and theological underpinnings more clearly.

Ecclesiastes 1:9-10 (NASB)

That which has been is that which will be,

And that which has been done is that which will be done.

So there is nothing new under the sun.

Is there anything of which one might say,

“See this, it is new”?

Already it has existed for ages

Which were before us.

The Piri Reis map

      The map to the right is called "the Piri Reis map," named after the Turkish admiral who said that, in the 16th Century, he compiled it from ancient maps that he had found.  The interesting thing is that the map accurately shows not only the western coast of Africa, which was well known at that time, but also an accurate rendition of the eastern coast, interior rivers and the Andes Mountains of South America, which was not well known at that time.  Most importantly, it accurately delineates part of the coast of Antarctica, which was completely unknown in 1513.  In point of fact, Antarctica wasn't even discovered by Westerner Europeans until 1818, 300 years later.

     The most interesting thing of all is the fact that the map shows the coast of Antarctica - as it looks without the mile deep covering of ice it currently carries.  

      USAF itself confirmed it.

8 Reconnaissance Technical Squadron (SAC)
United States Air Force
Westover Air Force Base
Massachusetts
6 July 1960

Subject: Admiral Piri Reis World Map
To: Professor Charles H. Hapgood,
Keene College
Keene, New Hampshire

Dear Professor Hapgood,
     Your request for evaluation of certain unusual features of the Piri Reis World Map of 1513 by this organization has been reviewed.
     The claim that the lower part of the map portrays the Princess Martha Coast of Queen Maud Land Antarctica, and the Palmer Peninsula, is reasonable.  We find this is the most logical and in all probability the correct interpretation of the map.
     The geographical detail shown in the lower part of the map agrees very remarkably with the results of the seismic profile made across the top of the ice-cap by the Swedish-British Antarctic Expedition of 1949.
    This indicates the coastline had been mapped before it was covered by the ice-cap.
     The ice-cap in this region is now about a mile thick.
     We have no idea how the data on this map can be reconciled with the supposed state of geographical knowledge in 1513.

Harold Z. Ohlmeyer
Lt Colonel, USAF
Commander

      What can be the scientific explanation for a map that shows Antarctica as it existed before it was covered with ice, even before recorded history?  Again, left over information from before the flood destroyed the earth and all its civilizations?

      Piri Reis was "considered an expert on the lands of the Mediterranean, and was the author of a famous sailing book, the Kitabi Bahriye, which provided a comprehensive description of the coasts, harbours, currents, shallows, landing places, bays and straits of the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas.".....

"The source maps Piri Reis used to draw up his 1513 map were in all probability lodged originally in the Imperial Library at Constantinople, to which the admiral is known to have enjoyed privileged access." - from Fingerprints of the Gods by Graham Hancock

     According to writing on the map itself, the map was compiled from earlier maps dating back to the 300's B. C.   The true mysteries of of this map were eventually discovered by Professor Charles H. Hapgood and revealed to the scientific community in his book, "Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings."
     Professor Hapgood said: "It appears that accurate information has been passed down from people to people.  It appears that the charts must have originated with a people unknown and they were passed on, perhaps by the Minoans and the Phoenicians, who were, for a thousand years and more, the greatest sailors of the ancient world.  We have evidence that they were collected and studied in the great library of Alexandria and that compilations of them were made by the geographers who worked there."
      It is highly likely that Piri Reis' Imperial Library had copies of these Alexandrian documents and maps.

     The history of navigation tells us that it was impossible to determine a ship's latitude (North to South position) in the Southern Hemisphere, before the 1700's. This was because the known method involved sighting the angle of the only fixed star - the North Star - which cannot be seen in the Southern Hemisphere because of the curvature of the Earth.

     Despite this handicap, these maps show amazing details and accurate latitude placement of many known islands along the southernmost coastlines of Antarctica! But this paradox of history was made even more astounding.

      Hapgood has proved that the Piri Reis map is plotted out in plane geometry, containing latitudes and longitudes at right angles in a traditional "grid"; yet it is obviously copied from an earlier map that was projected using spherical trigonometry! This tells us that, not only did the original map makers know that the Earth was round, but that they had knowledge of the earth's true circumference to within 50 miles! 

WARNING!!

     This blog has been written with the sole purpose of using the ample evidence available to verify and support the biblical record, while refuting the copious propaganda that is shoved down our throats daily by materialistic uniformitarians. 
     It is my contention that the Bible describes God's original creation of people with extraordinary capabilities who subsequently created an advanced civilization that exceeds our own.  It was destroyed in the Great Flood and we have spent the last 4,500 years trying to re-build that civilization.  I contend that science supports all this in multiple disciplines, but this information is ignored or suppressed by people who have an opposing agenda.

     Nothing that you see on this blog is original.  Any fact that you see here is obtainable on a dozen different websites and books.  I use these facts and photos, without violating their copyrights, under the legal principle of fair use practice.  That is, I use them one time, for educational purposes only.

     The point is, nothing here is made up.  The only thing that I do (or need to do) is assemble this information in a discernible pattern. 
      You might want to read through the first entry posted on this blog (Past Remembering: Thoughts toward a coherent view of our ancient past, our present and our future) in order to understand my theoretical and theological underpinnings more clearly.

The truth is there.  You just have to see it.

Ecclesiastes 1:9-10 (NASB)

That which has been is that which will be,

And that which has been done is that which will be done.

So there is nothing new under the sun.

Is there anything of which one might say,

“See this, it is new”?

Already it has existed for ages

Which were before us.

Chinese sapphire axes - The Stones Speak Again

     Again, there's no reason for me to editorialize.  The article speaks for itself.  While I couldn't find any images of the actual artifacts involved, I included some of similar objects, just to help you get an idea of what is being talked about.
     The evidence is mounting!

Ancient Chinese Technology: Chinese Used Diamonds to Polish Sapphire-Rich Stone in 2500 BC

     CAMBRIDGE, Mass. -- Researchers have uncovered strong evidence that the ancient Chinese used diamonds to grind and polish ceremonial stone burial axes as long as 6,000 years ago - and incredibly, did so with a level of skill difficult to achieve even with modern polishing techniques. The finding, reported in the February issue of the journal Archaeometry, places this earliest known use of diamond worldwide thousands of years earlier than the gem is known to have been used elsewhere.
      The work also represents the only known prehistoric use of sapphire: The stone worked into polished axes by China's Liangzhu and Sanxingcun cultures around 4000 to 2500 BC has as its most abundant element the mineral corundum, known as ruby in its red form and sapphire in all other colors. Most other known prehistoric artifacts were fashioned from rocks and minerals no harder than quartz.

     "The physics of polishing is poorly understood; it's really more an art than a science," says author Peter J. Lu, a graduate student in physics at Harvard University's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. "Still, it's absolutely remarkable that with the best polishing technologies available today, we couldn't achieve a surface as flat and smooth as was produced 5,000 years ago."

     Lu's work may eventually yield new insights into the origins of ancient China's trademark Neolithic artifacts, vast quantities of finely polished jade objects.
      Lu began the research in 1999, as a Princeton University undergraduate. He studied four ceremonial axes, ranging in size from 13 to 22 centimeters, found at the tombs of wealthy individuals. Three of these axes, dating to the Sanxingcun culture of 4000 to 3800 BC and the later Liangzhu culture, came from the Nanjing Museum in China; the fourth, discovered at a Liangzhu culture site at Zhejiang Yuhang Wujiabu in 1993, dates roughly to 2500 BC.

     "What's most amazing about these mottled brown and grey stones is that they have been polished to a mirror-like luster," Lu says. "It had been assumed that quartz was used to grind the stones, but it struck me as unlikely that such a fine finish could be the product of polishing with quartz sand."

      Lu's subsequent X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and scanning electron microscopy of the four axes' compositions gave more evidence that quartz could not have polished the stones: Fully 40 percent corundum, the second-hardest material on earth, the only material that could plausibly have been used to finish them so finely was diamond.

     To further test whether diamond might have been used to polish the axes, Lu subjected samples of the fourth axe, 4,500 years old and from the Liangzhu culture, to modern machine polishing with diamond, alumina, and a quartz-based silica abrasive. Using an atomic force microscope to examine the polished surfaces on a nanometer scale, he determined that the axe's original, exceptionally smooth surface most closely resembled -– although was still superior to -– modern polishing with diamond.
      The use of diamond by Liangzhu craftsmen is geologically plausible, as diamond sources exist within 150 miles of where the burial axes studied by Lu were found. These ancient workers might have sorted diamonds from gravel using an age-old technique where wet diamond-bearing gravels are run over a greased surface such as a fatty animal hide; only the diamonds adhere to the grease.

   

     The next known use of diamond occurred around 500 BC; it was used after 250 BC in ancient India to drill beads. The earliest authors to reference what is likely diamond, Manilius and Pliny the Elder, lived in Rome during the first century AD.

Reference: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2005-02/hu-cud021105.php

http://www.pureinsight.org/node/2766

 

WARNING!!

This blog has been written with the sole purpose of using the ample evidence available to verify and support the biblical record, while refuting the copious propaganda that is shoved down our throats daily by materialistic uniformitarians.

It is my contention that the Bible describes God's original creation of people with extraordinary capabilities who subsequently built an advanced civilization that exceeds our own. That civilization was destroyed in the Great Flood and we have spent the last 5,000 years trying to re-build that civilization. I contend that science supports all this in multiple disciplines, but this information is ignored or suppressed by various people who have an opposing agenda.

Nothing that you see on this blog is original. Any fact that you see here is obtainable on a dozen different websites and books. I use these facts and photos, without violating their copyrights, under the legal principle of fair use practice. That is, I use them one time, for educational purposes only.

The point is, nothing here is made up. The only thing that I do (or need to do) is assemble this information in a discernible pattern.

You might want to read through the first entry posted on this blog (Past Remembering: Thoughts toward a coherent view of our ancient past, our present and our future) in order to understand my theoretical and theological underpinnings more clearly.

The truth is there. You just have to see it.

Ecclesiastes 1:9-10 (NASB)

That which has been is that which will be,

And that which has been done is that which will be done.

So there is nothing new under the sun.

Is there anything of which one might say,

“See this, it is new”?

Already it has existed for ages

Which were before us.