A final update on the Trump Trade: Tail-risk assessment

Preface: Explaining our market timing models 

We maintain several market timing models, each with differing time horizons. The "Ultimate Market Timing Model" is a long-term market timing model based on the research outlined in our post, Building the ultimate market timing model. This model tends to generate only a handful of signals each decade.

The Trend Asset Allocation Model is an asset allocation model that applies trend-following principles based on the inputs of global stock and commodity prices. This model has a shorter time horizon and tends to turn over about 4-6 times a year. The performance and full details of a model portfolio based on the out-of-sample signals of the Trend Model can be found here.

 

My inner trader uses a trading model, which is a blend of price momentum (is the Trend Model becoming more bullish, or bearish?) and overbought/oversold extremes (don't buy if the trend is overbought, and vice versa). Subscribers receive real-time alerts of model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of the email alerts is updated weekly here. The hypothetical trading record of the trading model of the real-time alerts that began in March 2016 is shown below.

The latest signals of each model are as follows:

• Ultimate market timing model: Buy equities (Last changed from “sell” on 28-Jul-2023)*
• Trend Model signal: Bullish (Last changed from “neutral” on 11-Oct-2024)*
• Trading model: Bullish (Last changed from “neutral” on 15-Oct-2024)*

* The performance chart and model readings have been delayed by a week out of respect to our paying subscribers.

Update schedule: I generally update model readings on my site on weekends. I am also on X/Twitter at @humblestudent. Subscribers receive real-time alerts of trading model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of those email alerts is shown here.

Subscribers can access the latest signal in real time here.

 

A Trump Trade update

Just ahead of the U.S. election, here is an update on the polls and the Trump trade. The polls show a very tight race. As a matter of perspective, here is a sensitivity analysis of what would happen if the polling errors were the same as they were in 2020 and 2022.

My view is that the election has been a referendum on Trump. Trump has always had a base support of about 40% of the electorate. Against that, the Democrats have their base and a coalition of never-Trumper Republicans. Opinions on both sides have been substantially dug in. What really matters in the end is the effectiveness of each side’s “get out the vote” efforts.

 

As a reminder, each of following charts of Trump factors is designed so that a rising line denotes rising favourability for a Trump victory. 

• Trump Media & Technology Group: It’s a proxy for Trump enthusiasm as it’s the holding company for Truth Social, Trump’s social media vehicle.
• Domestic Revenue Stock ETF vs. S&P 500: One of Trump’s main platforms is to use tariffs to bring manufacturing back to the U.S.
• Inflation Expectations: Trump’s tariff policies are expected to be inflationary.
• Poland vs. Euro STOXX 50: Poland has been a surprise growth engine in the EU, but it neighbours Ukraine and the relative performance of its market is a measure of Ukrainian anxiety.
• Gasoline Price: Gasoline can be thought of as an anti-incumbent trade. Rising prices depress consumer sentiment and it’s negative for the incumbent.

Each has its idiosyncrasies. Even though Trump factors have taken a last-minute wobble, the general trend in the Trump trade has been up.

The full post can be found here.

Revisiting the Trump trade

Preface: Explaining our market timing models 

We maintain several market timing models, each with differing time horizons. The "Ultimate Market Timing Model" is a long-term market timing model based on the research outlined in our post, Building the ultimate market timing model. This model tends to generate only a handful of signals each decade.

The Trend Asset Allocation Model is an asset allocation model that applies trend-following principles based on the inputs of global stock and commodity prices. This model has a shorter time horizon and tends to turn over about 4-6 times a year. The performance and full details of a model portfolio based on the out-of-sample signals of the Trend Model can be found here.

 

My inner trader uses a trading model, which is a blend of price momentum (is the Trend Model becoming more bullish, or bearish?) and overbought/oversold extremes (don't buy if the trend is overbought, and vice versa). Subscribers receive real-time alerts of model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of the email alerts is updated weekly here. The hypothetical trading record of the trading model of the real-time alerts that began in March 2016 is shown below.

 

The latest signals of each model are as follows:

• Ultimate market timing model: Buy equities (Last changed from “sell” on 28-Jul-2023)*
• Trend Model signal: Bullish (Last changed from “neutral” on 11-Oct-2024)*
• Trading model: Bullish (Last changed from “neutral” on 15-Oct-2024)*

* The performance chart and model readings have been delayed by a week out of respect to our paying subscribers.

Update schedule: I generally update model readings on my site on weekends. I am also on X/Twitter at @humblestudent. Subscribers receive real-time alerts of trading model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of those email alerts is shown here.

Subscribers can access the latest signal in real time here.

 

The Trump trade

The Trump trade seems to be making a comeback in the markets. While the betting markets have seen Trump's odds of winning rise and Harris' odds fall, it has been marred by suspicions of manipulation (see articles in WSJ and Financial Times). Less difficult to manipulate are the factors in the financial markets, shown in the chart below. Each of these charts is designed so that a rising line denotes rising favourability for a Trump victory.

• Trump Media & Technology Group: It’s a proxy for Trump enthusiasm as it’s the holding company for Truth Social, Trump’s social media vehicle.
• Domestic Revenue stock ETF vs. S&P 500: One of Trump’s main platforms is to use tariffs to bring manufacturing back to the U.S.
• Inflation Expectations: Trump’s tariff policies are expected to be inflationary.
• Poland vs. Euro STOXX 50: Poland has been a surprise growth engine in the EU, but it neighbours Ukraine, and the relative performance of its market is a measure of Ukrainian anxiety.
• Gasoline Price: Gasoline can be thought of as an anti-incumbent trade. Rising prices depress consumer sentiment and it’s negative for the incumbent.

Each has its idiosyncrasies, but taken as a whole, the Trump trade seems to be winning.
 

 

It’s time to consider the effects of Trump’s economic policies should he win the White House.

A focus on trade policy

The results of the latest BoA Global Fund Manager Survey could be setting the tone for the market’s reaction to the U.S. election. Respondents are most concerned about changes in trade policy as a result of the election.

In that context, it was stunning that Donald Trump, in an interview with Bloomberg editor in chief John Micklethwait, doubled down on his protectionist leanings and characterized “tariff” as “the most beautiful word in the dictionary”.

 

What are the effects of Trump’s economic policies should he win the White House?

The full post can be found here.

What I am and what I am not worried about

Publication notice: I will be starting a two-week holiday this weekend, and here is my planned publication schedule. Weekend publications will be condensed from two publications to one. Barring significant market volatility, there will be no mid-week market update. Regular service will resume after the U.S. election.

 

Mid-week market update:  We are in the heart of Q3 earnings season. Based on the number of companies in the S&P 500, this week is peak earnings reporting week.

But by capitalization, next week will be the peak. Tesla is only Big Tech stock that reports this week.

By its very nature, daily market volatility during earnings season will react to the headline reports of the day. So far, these are the trends that I am worried about, and what I am not worried about.

The full post can be found here.

Some preliminary thoughts on Q3 earnings season

Preface: Explaining our market timing models 

We maintain several market timing models, each with differing time horizons. The "Ultimate Market Timing Model" is a long-term market timing model based on the research outlined in our post, Building the ultimate market timing model. This model tends to generate only a handful of signals each decade.

The Trend Asset Allocation Model is an asset allocation model that applies trend-following principles based on the inputs of global stock and commodity prices. This model has a shorter time horizon and tends to turn over about 4-6 times a year. The performance and full details of a model portfolio based on the out-of-sample signals of the Trend Model can be found here.

 

My inner trader uses a trading model, which is a blend of price momentum (is the Trend Model becoming more bullish, or bearish?) and overbought/oversold extremes (don't buy if the trend is overbought, and vice versa). Subscribers receive real-time alerts of model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of the email alerts is updated weekly here. The hypothetical trading record of the trading model of the real-time alerts that began in March 2016 is shown below.

 

The latest signals of each model are as follows:

• Ultimate market timing model: Buy equities (Last changed from “sell” on 28-Jul-2023)*
• Trend Model signal: Bullish (Last changed from “neutral” on 11-Oct-2024)*
• Trading model: Neutral (Last changed from “bearish” on 19-Sep-2024)*

* The performance chart and model readings have been delayed by a week out of respect to our paying subscribers.

Update schedule: I generally update model readings on my site on weekends. I am also on X/Twitter at @humblestudent. Subscribers receive real-time alerts of trading model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of those email alerts is shown here.

Subscribers can access the latest signal in real time here.

 

Diversity wins

As the S&P 500 continues to grind upwards, it’s been led by a trio of sectors, financials, industrials and technology, which has becoming an emerging leader. I interpret this as a constructive sign, as the diversity of both value and growth stocks indicate the bull move.

The full post can be found here.

An ominous sign for stock returns?

Goldman Sachs recently reported that the allocation to equities as a percentage of household assets had risen to levels last seen at the height of the NASDAQ Bubble. Is this an ominous sign of a crowded trade? Are investors in a crowded long that stocks are about to enter a painful 2000–2002-style bear market?

 The full post can be found here.

A buy signal. but with a *

Mid-week market update: Further to my last post (see A buy signal setup), the 14-day RSI of the S&P 500 Intermediate Term Breadth Momentum Oscillator (ITBM) flashed a buy signal when it recycled from oversold to neutral. By the book, this is a legitimate buy signal.

Under the current circumstances, I have some doubts and I am putting a * next to the buy signal. Here's why.

The full post can be found here.

A buy signal setup

Preface: Explaining our market timing models 

We maintain several market timing models, each with differing time horizons. The "Ultimate Market Timing Model" is a long-term market timing model based on the research outlined in our post, Building the ultimate market timing model. This model tends to generate only a handful of signals each decade.

The Trend Asset Allocation Model is an asset allocation model that applies trend-following principles based on the inputs of global stock and commodity prices. This model has a shorter time horizon and tends to turn over about 4-6 times a year. The performance and full details of a model portfolio based on the out-of-sample signals of the Trend Model can be found here.

 

My inner trader uses a trading model, which is a blend of price momentum (is the Trend Model becoming more bullish, or bearish?) and overbought/oversold extremes (don't buy if the trend is overbought, and vice versa). Subscribers receive real-time alerts of model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of the email alerts is updated weekly here. The hypothetical trading record of the trading model of the real-time alerts that began in March 2016 is shown below.

 

   

The latest signals of each model are as follows:

• Ultimate market timing model: Buy equities (Last changed from “sell” on 28-Jul-2023)*
• Trend Model signal: Bullish (Last changed from “neutral” on 11-Oct-2024)*
• Trading model: Neutral (Last changed from “bearish” on 19-Sep-2024)*

* The performance chart and model readings have been delayed by a week out of respect to our paying subscribers.

Update schedule: I generally update model readings on my site on weekends. I am also on X/Twitter at @humblestudent. Subscribers receive real-time alerts of trading model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of those email alerts is shown here.

Subscribers can access the latest signal in real time here.

 

Did you buy Yom Kippur?

The stock market is setting up for a buy signal. The accompanying chart shows the S&P 500 with the usually reliable Intermediate Term Breadth Momentum Oscillator (ITBM). Its 14-day RSI has become oversold. A buy signal is triggered when RSI recycles to neutral.

 
While I am near-term cautious on the stock market, I believe a strong upside breakout is just around the corner. You just have to be patient.

 

The full post can be found here.

Near term volatility ahead, but don't fret

Is the U.S. progress on inflation a case of two steps forward, one step back? Even before the stronger-than-expected September CPI report, bond prices were declining in the wake of the Fed’s jumbo half-point rate cut decision.

The Treasury market is exhibiting signs of anxiety from a technical analyst’s perspective. The 7–10-year Treasury ETF (IEF) has declined to test a key rising trend line. The long Treasury bond ETF (TLT) has already violated its trend line.

While the technical violations may only be temporary false breakdowns, these technical signals compel me to explore their asset return implications.

The full post can be found here.

Survive October

Mid-week market update: Ryan Detrick has been correctly bullish during the rally from late 2023. He recently pointed out that it may be time for the stock market to take a breather, "October higher only once out of six times it was up 30% or more going into Q4 and Q4 below avg returns as well".

 

I am similarly intermediate-term bullish. Though at this point, I am just trying to survive October without any significant drawdowns.

The full post can be found here.

Thinking the unthinkable: Israel-Iran War

Preface: Explaining our market timing models 

We maintain several market timing models, each with differing time horizons. The "Ultimate Market Timing Model" is a long-term market timing model based on the research outlined in our post, Building the ultimate market timing model. This model tends to generate only a handful of signals each decade.

The Trend Asset Allocation Model is an asset allocation model that applies trend-following principles based on the inputs of global stock and commodity prices. This model has a shorter time horizon and tends to turn over about 4-6 times a year. The performance and full details of a model portfolio based on the out-of-sample signals of the Trend Model can be found here.

 

My inner trader uses a trading model, which is a blend of price momentum (is the Trend Model becoming more bullish, or bearish?) and overbought/oversold extremes (don't buy if the trend is overbought, and vice versa). Subscribers receive real-time alerts of model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of the email alerts is updated weekly here. The hypothetical trading record of the trading model of the real-time alerts that began in March 2016 is shown below.

 

   

The latest signals of each model are as follows:

• Ultimate market timing model: Buy equities (Last changed from “sell” on 28-Jul-2023)*
• Trend Model signal: Neutral (Last changed from “bullish” on 26-Jul-2024)*
• Trading model: Neutral (Last changed from “bearish” on 19-Sep-2024)*

* The performance chart and model readings have been delayed by a week out of respect to our paying subscribers.

Update schedule: I generally update model readings on my site on weekends. I am also on X/Twitter at @humblestudent. Subscribers receive real-time alerts of trading model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of those email alerts is shown here.

Subscribers can access the latest signal in real time here.

 

The drumbeats of war

Oil prices have risen in response to rising tensions in the Middle East, but the year-over-year change is still negative. While war isn’t in our base-case scenario, investing is about pricing risk. I argue that the market is underpricing the risk of a conflict.

 The full post can be found here.

A powerful buy signal, with caveats

There is an adage on Wall Street that investors shouldn’t fight the Fed (or central banks in general), but the devil is in the details. 

Callum Thomas of Topdown Charts that global central banks are engaged in a broad-based easing campaign. The limited sample of the history of such episodes (annotations are mine) show stocks rose on two of the four occasions (blue lines) and fell in the other two (grey lines). This begs the question of whether pivots to widespread rate cuts are equity bullish.

 

My analysis of the latest circumstances is a qualified “yes”, but investors should be aware of the risks.
 

The full post can be found here.

Welcome to October surprise season

Mid-week market update: Stock market price momentum has been strong, but I did warn about possible October surprises in an election year (see S&P 500 breakout or fake-out?). In particular, I highlighted the risks of a port strike and an Israeli incursion into Lebanon, both of which have become reality.

 

Despite plenty of warnings, the share prices of logistics shipping giants FedEx and  UPS didn't react until the strike was announced. A prolonged strike has the potential to devastate the Black Friday and Christmas shopping season and reduce Q4 GDP growth.

Here are some of the other challenges that face the market.

 

The full post can be found here.

The winners and losers from central bank stimulus

Preface: Explaining our market timing models 

We maintain several market timing models, each with differing time horizons. The "Ultimate Market Timing Model" is a long-term market timing model based on the research outlined in our post, Building the ultimate market timing model. This model tends to generate only a handful of signals each decade.

The Trend Asset Allocation Model is an asset allocation model that applies trend-following principles based on the inputs of global stock and commodity prices. This model has a shorter time horizon and tends to turn over about 4-6 times a year. The performance and full details of a model portfolio based on the out-of-sample signals of the Trend Model can be found here.

 

 

My inner trader uses a trading model, which is a blend of price momentum (is the Trend Model becoming more bullish, or bearish?) and overbought/oversold extremes (don't buy if the trend is overbought, and vice versa). Subscribers receive real-time alerts of model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of the email alerts is updated weekly here. The hypothetical trading record of the trading model of the real-time alerts that began in March 2016 is shown below.

   

The latest signals of each model are as follows:

• Ultimate market timing model: Buy equities (Last changed from “sell” on 28-Jul-2023)*
• Trend Model signal: Neutral (Last changed from “bullish” on 26-Jul-2024)*
• Trading model: Neutral (Last changed from “bearish” on 19-Sep-2024)*

* The performance chart and model readings have been delayed by a week out of respect to our paying subscribers.

Update schedule: I generally update model readings on my site on weekends. I am also on X/Twitter at @humblestudent. Subscribers receive real-time alerts of trading model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of those email alerts is shown here.

Subscribers can access the latest signal in real time here.

 

Stimulus!

The market has seen a number of shocks from global central banks. First, the Federal Reserve announced a jumbo half-point rate cut. The bigger surprise was the package of unanticipated stimulus measures from the PBOC. This was followed by a pledge from Beijing to support the economy with fiscal measures.

 

Here is a review of the winners and losers. The biggest winner has been gold, which has benefited from falling real rates. Gold broke out to fresh all-time highs, not only in USD, but also in many other currencies. Most notably, it achieved a new high in Swiss Francs (CHF), which is known to be a hard currency.

 

 

The full post can be found here.

Is the Fed ahead or behind the curve?

It has been over a week since the Fed’s decision to cut rates by a half-point, and that’s a decent interval to assess the market reaction.

 

Investors should be aware of one crucial detail about market psychology. Even as the Fed offered a “commitment not to fall behind the curve” as a way of explaining its decision process, a chasm is growing between equity market and fixed income market expectations. On one hand, the futures market’s expectation has evolved to discounting a second jumbo rate cut at the November FOMC meeting, which is rare outside of recessions. On the other hand, the stock market is cheering the pivot in monetary policy and the prospect of a soft landing.

It has become clear from Powell’s remarks at the post-FOMC press conference that the Fed has shifted its focus from its price stability mandate to its maximum employment mandate, especially in light of the tamer-than-expected August PCE report. What happens if the jobs market significantly deteriorates? Will stock prices wobble on fears that the Fed is behind the curve?
 

The full post can be found here.

An October stall?

Mid-week market update: I continue to believe that the stock market is vulnerable to a setback. It's not just the negative RSI divergence, which is concerning, it's the inability for breadth to broaden out that's worrisome. As the accompanying chart shows, the equal-weighted S&P 500 to S&P 500 ratio stalled out at a relative resistance zone, and the Russell 2000 to S&P 500 has been in a relative downtrend.

 

 

 

Where's the leadership that could lead stocks higher?

The full post can be found here.

S&P 500 breakout or fake-out?

Preface: Explaining our market timing models 

We maintain several market timing models, each with differing time horizons. The "Ultimate Market Timing Model" is a long-term market timing model based on the research outlined in our post, Building the ultimate market timing model. This model tends to generate only a handful of signals each decade.

The Trend Asset Allocation Model is an asset allocation model that applies trend-following principles based on the inputs of global stock and commodity prices. This model has a shorter time horizon and tends to turn over about 4-6 times a year. The performance and full details of a model portfolio based on the out-of-sample signals of the Trend Model can be found here.

 

 

My inner trader uses a trading model, which is a blend of price momentum (is the Trend Model becoming more bullish, or bearish?) and overbought/oversold extremes (don't buy if the trend is overbought, and vice versa). Subscribers receive real-time alerts of model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of the email alerts is updated weekly here. The hypothetical trading record of the trading model of the real-time alerts that began in March 2016 is shown below.

 

  

The latest signals of each model are as follows:

• Ultimate market timing model: Buy equities (Last changed from “sell” on 28-Jul-2023)*
• Trend Model signal: Neutral (Last changed from “bullish” on 26-Jul-2024)*
• Trading model: Bearish (Last changed from “neutral” on 06-Sep-2024)*

* The performance chart and model readings have been delayed by a week out of respect to our paying subscribers.

Update schedule: I generally update model readings on my site on weekends. I am also on X/Twitter at @humblestudent. Subscribers receive real-time alerts of trading model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of those email alerts is shown here.

Subscribers can access the latest signal in real time here.

 

A difficult decision

Technical analysts face a difficult decision. The stock market is exhibiting strong positive price momentum, but in the face of a seasonally weak period for stocks.

On one hand, the S&P 500 just staged an upside breakout from a cup and handle formation, which is a highly bullish pattern.

 

On the other hand, stock prices tend to weaken into late October in an election year.

Should traders be bullish or bearish?

The full post can be found here.

Soft landing: What could possibly go wrong?

 

The latest BoA Global Fund Manager Survey shows that a soft landing for the U.S. economy is the overwhelming consensus.

Fed Chair Jerome Powell leaned into that narrative at the post-September FOMC press conference after announcing the rate cut. He characterized the cut as “an appropriate recalibration of our policy stance”. The economy “has continued to expand at a solid pace”. Conditions are not recessionary: “Growth of consumer spending has remained resilient, and investment in equipment and intangibles has picked up from its anemic pace last year”.

 

Such a scenario should be equity friendly, but presents headwinds for bond prices. What could possibly go wrong?

The full post can be found here.

FOMC decision: A lesson in managing expectations

Mid-week market update: The Fed hates to surprise markets, but for the first time in a long time, market expectations of FOMC action was highly uncertain. Is the Fed going to cut by 25 or 50 bps? On the weekend, the majority expected a 25 bps cut, but by Monday, it had shifted to 50.

As it turns out, the decision was to cut by 50 bps. Expectations before and after the decision announcement were largely unchanged. It's still expecting another 75 bps by year-end, which is more aggressive than the dot plot.

The full post can be found here.

What if the Magnificent Seven are done?

Preface: Explaining our market timing models 

We maintain several market timing models, each with differing time horizons. The "Ultimate Market Timing Model" is a long-term market timing model based on the research outlined in our post, Building the ultimate market timing model. This model tends to generate only a handful of signals each decade.

The Trend Asset Allocation Model is an asset allocation model that applies trend-following principles based on the inputs of global stock and commodity prices. This model has a shorter time horizon and tends to turn over about 4-6 times a year. The performance and full details of a model portfolio based on the out-of-sample signals of the Trend Model can be found here.

 

 

My inner trader uses a trading model, which is a blend of price momentum (is the Trend Model becoming more bullish, or bearish?) and overbought/oversold extremes (don't buy if the trend is overbought, and vice versa). Subscribers receive real-time alerts of model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of the email alerts is updated weekly here. The hypothetical trading record of the trading model of the real-time alerts that began in March 2016 is shown below.

 

  

The latest signals of each model are as follows:

• Ultimate market timing model: Buy equities (Last changed from “sell” on 28-Jul-2023)*
• Trend Model signal: Neutral (Last changed from “bullish” on 26-Jul-2024)*
• Trading model: Bearish (Last changed from “neutral” on 06-Sep-2024)*

* The performance chart and model readings have been delayed by a week out of respect to our paying subscribers.

Update schedule: I generally update model readings on my site on weekends. I am also on X/Twitter at @humblestudent. Subscribers receive real-time alerts of trading model changes, and a hypothetical trading record of those email alerts is shown here.

Subscribers can access the latest signal in real time here.

 

A Hindenburg warning

What if the Magnificent Seven are done with their bull phase? As megacap growth stocks comprise roughly 40% of S&P 500 index weight, the math becomes increasingly challenging. The rest of the market will have to do the heavy lifting in order for the S&P 500 to advance.

The odds of that scenario becoming reality is rising. The market just flashed a Hindenburg Omen warning. In plain English, the ominously named Hindenburg Omen occurs when a highly bifurcated market loses momentum and starts to turn down. While one Hindenburg signal can be safely ignored, a cluster should make investors sit up and take notice. In the last 10 years, there have been 13 such clusters. Nine (pink bars) have resolved bearishly, while four (grey bars) were benign. As the accompanying chart shows, the market has flashed another cluster of Hindenburg Omen signals for five consecutive weeks.

 

 

The odds aren’t in the bulls’ favour, particularly when the bifurcation is evident between megcap growth, which comprise about 40% of S&P 500 weight, and the rest of the index. Even if the S&P 493 is strong, it’s difficult to make the math work if the Magnificent Seven significantly weakens.

The full post can be found here.

The slow march to fiscal dominance

Mario Draghi is known as the ECB President who said that he would do “whatever it takes” to save the euro. Now, his report on European Union competitiveness is designed to save the EU, and it’s caused quite a stir. Draghi identified the issues of EU competitiveness as poor productivity, caused by fragmentation of industrial policy along national lines, and a lack of co-ordination and focus across policy lines, such as fiscal, trade and foreign policies. 

As a solution, Draghi is calling for a re-focus of industrial policy and a minimum annual investment of “€750 to €800 billion…based on the latest Commission estimates, corresponding to 4.4-4.7% of EU GDP in 2023. For comparison, investment under the Marshall Plan between 1948–51 was equivalent to 1–2% of EU GDP”. The investment would have to be financed mainly by euro area debt.

 

If implemented, the Draghi Plan will put the eurozone on the road to fiscal dominance. Currently, euro area debt averages 88.6% of GDP, which is just short of the 90% guideline specified by Reinhart & Rogoff when a sovereign becomes at risk of significant and prolonged reductions in economic growth. By comparison, the U.S. debt to GDP ratio stands at 121%. However, eurozone countries have arguably less fiscal room as member states can’t print their own currency and must rely on the European Central Bank.

This will cement developed economies’ path to fiscal dominance. Investors will need to prepare accordingly.

 

The full post can be found here.