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Mphepo ya Frede

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Kufuma Wikipedia
Kutimbanizga chala na mazina ghanyake ngati ni Cyclone Freda.
Nkhani iyi njakukhwaskana na mphepo ya 2023. For mphepo zinyake zakukozgana mazina, see List of tropical cyclones named Freddy.

Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Freddy
Very intense tropical cyclone (SWIO scale)
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Cyclone Freddy at its peak intensity while northeast of Rodrigues on 19 February.
Kupangika4 February 2023
Kuŵavyika15 March 2023
Utali5 weeks and 4 days
Mphepo zitali
chomene		10-minute sustained: 220 km/h (140 mph)
1-minute sustained: 270 km/h (165 mph)
Mphepo zakupola931 hPa (mbar); 27.49 inHg
Ŵakupwetekeka424 total, 200 missing
VyakunangikaUnknown
Malo ghakukhwaskika
Part of the 2022–23 Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons

Chimphepo cha Freddy chikaŵa chankhongono chomene ndipo chikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi. Iyi yikaŵa chimphepo chachinayi mu nyengo ya chimphepo cha mu chigaŵa cha Australia mu 2022, ndipo chikaŵa chimphepo chachiŵiri chakukhora chomene mu nyengo ya chimphepo cha mu chigaŵa cha kumwera cha kumanjiliro gha dazi kwa Nyanja ya India mu 2023.

Freddy wakayamba kuwoneka pa Febuluwale 4, 2023. Chimphepo ichi chikati chafika mu chigaŵa cha Australia, chikakwera chomene ndipo chikazgoka chimphepo chikuru cha Category 4. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) yikati mphepo ya maminiti 1 yikwendanga makilomita 270 pa ora (165 mph) pa nkhongono ya Freddy, yakuyana na nkhongono ya Category 5 pa sikelo ya Saffir-Simpson. Pa 19 February, Météo-France (MFR) wakapangiska chimphepo cha tropical cyclone, icho chikaputa kwa maminiti 10 pa 220 km/h. Freddy wakayamba kufika kufupi na ku Mananjary, Madagascar. Nyengo yichoko waka, chimphepo ichi chikalopwa pa mtunda, kweni chikakhozga chomene mu Mozambique Channel. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yichoko waka, chimphepo cha Freddy chikakhira kachiŵiri kumwera kwa Vilankulos, Mozambique. Mwamabuci, cipingausiku ici cikapona pa ulendo wake wa ku Mozambique ndipo cikaweleraso pa 1 Malichi. Pakati pajumpha nyengo yichoko waka, MFR yikasintha chiŵembu cha Freddy kuŵa chimphepo chikuru. Pakati pajumpha mazuŵa 10, chimphepo cha Freddy chikakwera chomene pa nyengo ziŵiri, ndipo paumaliro chikamba kuchepa chomene kufupi na Quelimane, Mozambique. Chimphepo ichi chikamba kutikitira kumpoto cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa charu cha Mozambique pa Malichi 15.

Vinthu vinyake ivyo vikachitika pakunozgekera chimphepo pa virwa vya Mascarene vikaŵa vyakuti ndege zileke kwenda, kuchenjezga ŵanthu za chimphepo, na kunozgekera ŵanthu awo ŵizenge pamanyuma pake. Ku Madagascar, malo agho ghakakhuŵara kale na chimphepo cha Batsirai na Cheneso ghakawopeka kuti ghahenipiskikenge na chimphepo ichi.[1] Pa Febuluwale 21, Freddy wakazingilizga Mauritius na Réunion kumpoto, wakiza na mphepo yankhongono na nyengo yiheni. Cingalaŵa ico cikendera ndembera ya ku Taiwan na ŵanthu 16 cikasoŵa kumpoto ca kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Mauritius. Cimphepo cikakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi kumwera kwa Madagascar.[2] IVinthu vikasuzga chomene ku Mozambique kuluska ku Madagascar, kweniso kukawa vula zinandi kumwera kwa charu ichi. Mu vigaŵa vinyake vya charu ichi mukawa vula ya mamita ghakujumpha 300. Vinthu vikasintha chomene ku Mozambique chifukwa cha kututuka kwa maji na mphepo.

Charu cha Malawi ndicho chikakhwaskika comene cifukwa ca vula izo zikawa nyengo zose. Magesi gha mu charu ichi ghakamara, ndipo chiziŵa chake chikaŵa chambura kugwira ntchito. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 424 ŵakafwa na chimphepo ichi: 326 ku Malawi, 63 ku Mozambique, 17 ku Madagascar, 16 mu ngaraŵa iyo yikanangika kufupi na Mauritius, na 2 ku Zimbabwe. Cifukwa ca masuzgo agho ghakacitika kwa nyengo yitali, vyaru ivyo vikakhwaskika na suzgo ili na mawupu ghanandi ghakawovwira comene ŵanthu. Wupu wa UNICEF na WFP ukawovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na suzgo ili. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵa na suzgo la vyakurya. Ŵanthu awo ŵakapona ku cimphepo ici ŵakasangika ŵakubisama mu viswaswa na mawoko ghawaka na cigomezgo cakuti ŵangasanga ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakapona.[3]

Mbiri ya nyengo

Nkhani ikulu: Meteorological history of Cyclone Freddy
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
Chimphepo cha Tropical Cyclone Freddy pa chimphepo chake chachiŵiri mu chigaŵa cha Australia pa 12 February

Pa Janyuwale 30, wupu wakuwona vya mlengalenga wa ku Australia (Australian Bureau of Meteorology, BoM) ukati ku nyanja ya Timor kuli chimphepo chichoko chomene.[4] BoM yikati Tropical Low 13U pa 4 February, ndipo pamasinda pa zuŵa lenelira yikati Tropical Cyclone Category 1, yikati Freddy.[5][6][7][8] Pa zuŵa lenelili, Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) yikati ni chimphepo cha Tropical Cyclone 11S.[9] Pamanyuma, boma likasintha chimphepo cha Freddy kuŵa chimphepo cha Category 2. Chimphepo cha Freddy chafika pa .[10] Chimphepo ichi chikaŵa na jiso ilo likawonekanga pa vithuzithuzi. Freddy wakavuka cifukwa ca CDO na mabingu ghakuzizima. Wupu wa JTWC ukati mphepo ya Freddy yikaputa pa 150 km/h.[11][12] Freddy wakazgoka chimphepo, ndipo BoM yikati mphepo iyi yikwenera kuti yikendanga pa 100 km/h.[13][14] Freddy wakakhwima comene ndipo wakaŵa cimphepo cikuru ca Cigaŵa 4 cifukwa ca jiso ilo likaŵa pafupi comene.[15] Pacoko na pacoko Freddy wakamba kughanaghana vinthu vinyake, ndipo maso ghake ghakaleka kulaŵiska makora.[16]Pa 14 February, chimphepo cha Freddy chikajumpha 90° E mu South-West Indian Ocean basin ndipo nyengo yeneyiyo chikalembeka kuti ni chimphepo cha tropical cyclone na Météo-France (MFR).[17][18]

JTWC yikati Freddy wali na mphepo zakukwana 270 km/h (165 mph) mu miniti yimoza.[19][20] Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, chimphepo cha Freddy chikazgoka chimphepo chikuru. Pa Febuluwale 21, cha m'ma 7 koloko mulenji, chimphepo ichi chikamba kuputa kufupi na Mananjary, ku Madagascar. Pa Febuluwale 22, chimphepo cha Freddy chikasintha chomene apo chikendanga kumwera kwa Mozambique. Freddy wakazgoka cimphepo cikuru comene pamanyuma pakuti mphepo yikamba kukwera. Freddy wakakhora comene, ndipo wakazgoka cimphepo cikuru. Freddy wakalutilira kwimba sumu zake na mabelu agho ghakaŵa pakati. Pa 12:00 UTC pa 24 February, MFR yikati Freddy wakakhira kachiŵiri kumwera kwa Vilankulos, Mozambique, na mphepo ya maminiti 10 ya 85 km/h (50 mph). Freddy wakazizima comene apo wakendanga kumanjiliro gha dazi na kunjira mu caru. Nangauli MFR yikaleka kupeleka ulongozgi pa Febuluwale 25, kweni yikalutilira kulaŵilira ndipo yikayowoyerathu kuti chimphepo chizamusintha na kuŵa chimphepo. Freddy wakaweleraso ku Mozambique Channel, ndipo MFR yikambaso kuŵika ulongozgi wa chimphepo pa 2 March..[21]

Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, Freddy wakazgoka malo gha nyengo yiheni.[22] Mphepo za mu charu cha Australia zikaŵa pasi pa mphepo za ku South Quadrant. Freddy wakazgoka chimphepo chikuru apo wakasendeleranga ku Madagascar. Vithuzithuzi vya pa satelayiti vikulongora kuti kuli chimphepo chinyake, ndipo chimphepo cha Freddy chikakura chomene. Freddy wakavuka comene cifukwa ca mphepo yikuru ndiposo mphepo yakuzizima. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, chimphepo chikamba kuchepa na kufika pa 110 km/h. JTWC na MFR ŵakayowoya kuti nkhongono ya Freddy yikakwera kufika pa 120 km/h (75 mph). Freddy wakafika ku Quelimane, chigaŵa cha Zambezia, Mozambique, na mphepo ya 150 km/h (90 mph) pa March 11. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, mphepo iyi yikanangika, ndipo pa Malichi 13, MFR yikamalizga kulondezga mphepo iyi. Pa Malichi 15, MFR yikati viwangwa vya Freddy vikafumapo.[23]

Manozgekelo

Mauritius

Mauritius yikapeleka chenjezgo la chimphepo cha kilasi I ku Rodrigues, ndipo pamasinda yikapeleka chenjezgo la chimphepo cha kilasi II.[24][25] Ndege zochokera ku Rodrigues kupita ku Saint-Denis, Réunion, zinaletsedwa kapena kusinthidwa chifukwa cha nyengo yoipa. Nduna yikuru ya caru ici, Pravind Jugnauth, yikayowoya mazgu agha pa wayilesi na pa wayilesi apo yikaciskanga ŵanthu kuti ŵaŵe maso. Wupu wakuwona vya mlengalenga wa ku Mauritius (MMS) ukachenjezga kuti chimphepo chizamuputa chomene. Kweniso charu ichi chikajara masheya ghake apo chimphepo chikasendeleranga. Ŵanthu 1,019 ŵakabisama mu malo ghakusungirako ŵanthu.[26]

Réunion

Cyclone Freddy wakujumpha pa Mauritius pa 20 February

Pa Febuluwale 18, MFR yikapharazga chenjezgo la chimphepo chakuchemeka yellow pre-alert ku Réunion.[27] Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, boma likapeleka chenjezgo lakuti masukulu ghose ghajarike. Ŵalwari awo ŵakakhumbikwiranga wovwiri mwaluŵiro ŵakeneranga kuwelera ku nyumba, ndipo awo ŵakakhumbikwiranga wovwiri mwaluŵiro ŵakeneranga kuluta ku malo ghanyake.[28] Kampani ya magesi ya pa cirwa ici, ya EDF La Réunion, yikanozga ŵantchito 200 na ŵantchito ŵanyake 100 kufuma ku makampani ghanyake kuti ŵanozge vinthu mwaluŵiro para cimphepo caleka. Mu maofesi agha mukaŵa ŵantchito ŵanyake 60. Kampani iyi yikanozgaso magalimoto 50, vinthu vya magesi, mageneretara 15, na ma helikopita 4.[29] Ŵanthu awo ŵakakhalanga mu vigaŵa ivyo kukawa chimphepo chikuru cha Batsirai mu Febuluwale 2022 ŵakafipanga mtima kuti para Freddy wiza, vinthu vinganangikirathu. Ŵalara ŵa boma ku Le Tampon ŵakalindiliranga nyengo iyo ŵasilikari ŵizirenge.

Pakuti nyanja yikaŵa pa mlengalenga, ŵakajara misewu ya Nouvelle route du Littoral, ndipo ŵakazenga mabasi ghakwendeskera ŵanthu. Pa Febuluwale 20, gulu la RSMA-R likawovwira ŵanthu 250 kuti ŵapone. Muhanya wenewura, ndege zose za pa Roland Garros Airport zikamara kugwira ntchito. Ŵakapeleka chenjezgo lakuti maji ghangaseŵa pakati pa Champs Borne na Pointe des Cascades. Msumba wa Saint-Benoît ukajura malo ghaŵiri ghakupumulirako ŵanthu na kujara malo ghose ghakusoperapo. Ŵalara ŵa boma ku Saint-Pierre ŵakaleka viphikiro vya viphikiro vya viphikiro ivi kwa masabata ghaŵiri.[30]

Madagascar

Cyclone Freddy wakwiza ku Mauritius pa 19 February.

Chimphepo cha Freddy chikatimbanizga vigaŵa vya Madagascar ivyo vichali kusuzgika na chimphepo cha Batsirai na Emnati mu 2022; ŵanthu 874,067 ŵakaŵa na suzgo la vyakurya mu chigaŵa ichi.[31] Medair wakati chigaŵa ichi chikusuzgika na suzgo la kusoŵa chakurya pa ŵana cifukwa cakuti ŵanthu ŵakutondeka kovwira ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na chimphepo. Pa Febuluwale 18, wupu wa Meteorology ukachenjezga ŵanthu ŵa mu vigaŵa vya Analanjirofo na Sava kuti ŵacitenge mwamahara cifukwa ca chimphepo ici. Wupu wa vya mlengalenga ku Madagascar ukati ku malo agha, "kuzamulokwa vula zinandi" ndipo "nyanja zizamuŵa zinandi chomene". Boma la Madagascar likanozga vyakurya vyakukwana matani 120 (120 long tons; 130 short tons). Pa Febuluwale 21, masukulu na mawoko ghakajalika. Ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa pangozi ya kukumana na Freddy ŵakaŵika mathumba gha mchenga pa mtenje wa nyumba zawo.[32]Wupu wa International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) ku Madagascar ukati uli kunozgekera chimphepo.[33]Météo-France yikayowoya pa 19 February kuti maji ghakukwana 200 mm (7.9 inchi) ghangaŵa kuti ghafuma mu vigaŵa vya kumwera kwa Madagascar. Wupu wa Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System ukati ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 2.2 miliyoni ŵazamukhuŵara na chimphepo cha Freddy. Wupu wa National Office for Risk and Disaster Management (BNGRC) watumizga mahema, vingwe, ma chainsaws, na vinthu vinyake ku vigaŵa vya kumafumiro gha dazi. Ofesi ya United Nations for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) na ŵanyawo ŵakatuma ŵanthu 80 ku Mahanoro, Mananjary, na Manakara, ndipo ŵakaŵika ndege ziŵiri zakunozgekera. Wupu uwu ukatondeka kupeleka wovwiri wakukwana cifukwa ca kusoŵa ndalama kweniso suzgo la chimphepo cha Cheneso. Wupu wa Medair ukaŵa kuti uli kale na maofesi mu chigaŵa cha kumwera na kumwera kwa Madagascar. Ŵakayowoya chomene vya kupeleka maji ghakumwa ghakutowa ku ŵanthu ŵa mu Marondava na Maroansetra. Ŵanthu 7,000 ŵakafumiskika mu vigaŵa vya mumphepete mwa nyanja pambere Freddy wandafike..[2]

Mozambique

First arrival

Malipoti ghakulongora kuti ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 600,000 ŵakakhwaskika na chimphepo ichi.[34] Mvula yikaloserathu kuti yizenge 200~300 mm kumwera kwa Beira mu chigaŵa cha Inhambane, na 400 mm (16 inchi) ku malo agha. Ŵanthu ŵakayowoyerathu kuti vula yizamuteka kwa mwezi umoza.[35]Wupu wa vya mlengalenga wa ku caru ici ukapeleka cenjezgo lakuŵaŵa pa Febuluwale 21. Vikuwoneka kuti vula yikuru iyo yikalokwa pa nyengo yitali yikapangiska kuti maji ghatutuke mu chigaŵa chapakati na kumpoto kwa charu ichi. Ŵakapeleka vyakurya, mahema, na maboti kuti ŵawovwire ŵanthu.[36]

Second arrival

Mu Malichi 2023, apo Freddy wakasendeleranga kachiŵiri, Mozambique National Meteorology Institute (INAM) yikayowoyerathu kuti pa maora 24 mu vigaŵa vya Manica, Sofala, Tete, na Zambezia, vula yizamugwa chomene. Vikuwoneka kuti vula yizamujumpha 400 mm.[37] Wupu wa National Institute for Disaster Risk Management and Reduction (INGD) ukati ŵanthu pafupifupi 565,000 ŵakaŵa pangozi, kweni wupu wa United Nations na European Union ukati ŵanthu 2.3 miliyoni ŵakaŵa pangozi. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakaŵasamuskira ku malo ghakubisamamo.[38]

Malawi

Cimphepo cikuru ici cikeneranga kutimbanizga caru ca Malawi, na kwiza na vula zinandi na mphepo zakunanga kumwera kwa caru ici.[39] Ŵanthu ŵakayowoyerathu kuti vula yizamujumpha 400 mm.[39] Unduna wa vya masambiro ukalangura kuti kilasi lililose lileke kugwira ntchito mu vigaŵa ivyo vili pa ngozi.[39]

Vyakukhwaska

IMu nyengo iyi, mu Mozambique na Malawi mukawa vula zinandi. Mphepo zikuruzikuru zikaputa mu vigaŵa vinyake, ndipo vinthu vinyake vikakhwaskika cifukwa ca kututuka kwa maji. Cifukwa cakuti Freddy wakacedwa kufika ku Mozambique na Malawi, vula yikamba kuwa comene.

Ŵakufwa na vyakuŵinya kuyana na vyaruy
Charu/malo Ŵakufwa Wakusoŵa Vyakupweteka Vyakukhwaska Vyakunangika

(2023 USD)

Madagascar 17[40] data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
Malawi 326[41] ≥201[42] ≥774[42] data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
Mauritius 16 (foreign sailors lost at sea)[44][nb 1] 0 data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —| data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
Mozambique data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —| data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
Réunion 0 0 0 data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
Zimbabwe 2[48] 0 data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —| data-sort-value="" style="background: #ececec; color: #2C2C2C; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
Totals: 424 ≥201 ≥774 ≥784,400 —

Mauritius

Kuyana na MMS, chimphepo ichi chikaŵa pa mtunda wa makilomita 200 kufuma pa chirwa ichi, kumpoto kwa Grand Bay. Mphepo na majigha vikaputa kumpoto kwa Mauritius. Mphepo mu Port Louis yikafika pa 104 km/h (65 mph) apo mphepo yikuru ya 154 km/h (96 mph) yikawoneka pa Signal Mountain. Mu caru ici mukaŵaso maji ghanandi na chimphepo.

Pafupifupi 4 koloko mulenji pa 20 Febuluwale, kukumana kukamara na boti la ku Taiwan lakucemeka LV Lien Sheng Fa ilo likaŵa na ŵanthu 16. Pa ŵanthu aŵa pakaŵa kazembe wa ku Taiwan na ŵalovi 15 ŵa ku Indonesia. Wupu wakuwona vya somba ku Taiwan ukatuma uthenga wakuti ngalaŵa iyi yazgeŵa pa Febuluwale 23. Sitima ya MV Star Venture yikasanga boti ili likubinkha pa 25 February pafupifupi 400 km (250 mi) kumpoto kwa Mauritius mukati mwa chigaŵa cha chuma cha chalo ichi. Nyengo yikati yajumphapo, ndege ya Dornier na sitima ya CGA Baracuda yikatondeka kusanga ŵanthu awo ŵakapona. Chirwa cha Mauritius chikatuma ŵanthu kuti ŵamanye kuti ni ngalaŵa wuli. Kweni pa 3 March, boti ili ŵakalisanga yayi..[49]

Réunion

Freddy wakasuzga Réunion pa Febuluwale 20-21, ndipo wakawovwira viŵi yayi.[1] Ŵanthu pafupifupi 25,000 ŵakaŵavya magesi pa nyengo iyo chimphepo chikaŵa chikuru chomene.[50] Ku Saint-Paul, matani 20 gha mango ghakabwanganduka. Msewu wa RD48 ku Salazie ukajalika cifukwa ca kudumuka kwa caru. Malo 11 agho Orange S.A. yikagwiliskiranga nchito ghakaleka kugwira nchito ku Tampon, Saint-Louis, na Saint-Paul. Pa Febuluwale 23, mphepo ya Foehn yikapangiska kuti ku Reunion kuŵe chithukivu cha pakati pa 31 na 36 °C.[51]

Madagascar

Cyclone Freddy wakakhwaska caru ca Madagascar pa Febuluwale 21.

Vinthu vikapwetekeka viŵi yayi cifukwa ca mphepo ya Freddy iyo yikaŵa yambura nkhongono, kweniso cifukwa ca kunozgekera.[52][53] Freddy wakafika pa mtunda pafupi na msumba wa Mananjary, uwo ukaŵa kuti uchali kupweteka na chimphepo cha Batsirai..[54][55]Nyumba zakujumpha 14,000 zikakhwaskika, 5,500 zikaparanyika, 3,079 zikazura na maji, ndipo 9,696 zikanangika. Ŵanthu ŵakukwana 24,358 ŵakachimbira mu vikaya vyawo, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 12,000 ŵakachimbira mu Mananjary pera.[56][57][58]

Freddy wakalekaso masukulu 79 kwambura mtenje, ndipo ghanyake 37 ghakasakazika ndipo ghanyake 6 ghakabwanganduka. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 11,000 ŵakacimbira mu nyumba zawo cifukwa ca cimphepo ici. Chigaŵa icho chikanangika na chimphepo cha Freddy chikaŵa na malo ghakukwana 13 m'paka 15. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 17 ŵakafwa na chimphepo ichi ndipo ŵanthu 299,000 ŵakakhwaskika.[40]

Mozambique

Pafupifupi ŵanthu 63 ŵakafwa na 267,000 ŵakakhwaskika na chimphepo cha Freddy.

First landfall

Chimphepo chankhongono cha Freddy chikafika ku Mozambique kakwamba kumwera kwa Vilanculos, mu chigaŵa cha Inhambane.[59][60] Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakayowoya kuti vinthu vinyake vikavunda, comenecomene cifukwa ca makuni na madenga ivyo vikawa. Vinthu vya boma na maofesi navyo vikanangika comene, kusazgapo maofesi gha munkhwala 60, na masukulu 1,012. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 10 ŵakafwa pa ulendo wakwamba. Ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 166,600 ŵakakhwaskika. Chigaŵa chikuru cha kumwera kwa charu ichi chikaŵa na vula ya mamita 200 m'paka 500 (7.87 inchi m'paka 19.68 inchi). Nyumba zinandi zikanangika, ndipo pafupifupi 28,300 zikaparanyika. Vipambi vya mahekitala ghakujumpha 92,000 vikakhwaskika, ndipo mahekitala ghakujumpha 18,700 ghakazgeŵa mu vigaŵa ivyo vikaŵa na vyakurya vyakukwana 400,000. Cimphepo ici cikacitika pa nyengo iyo kukaŵa nthenda ya kolera, ndipo ici cikapangiska ŵanthu kughanaghana kuti cimphepo ici cinganangiska vinthu.[61]

Second landfall

Cigumula ca Freddy mumphepete mwa Mozambique pa 11 Malichi.

Freddy wakakhira kachiŵiri mu chigaŵa cha Zambezia pa Malichi 11, wakizaso na vula zinandi, chimphepo chikuru, na mphepo zinonono chomene pakuyaniska na izo zikaŵa mu chigaŵa ichi. Mlonga wa Zambezi na wa Tambarara ukaŵa na maji ghanandi comene pambere wandafike ku mtunda.[61] Wupu wakupeleka magesi ukaŵa kuti wazimya magesi ghose cifukwa ca chimphepo. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Quelimane ŵakayowoya kuti ŵakawona nyumba zakupasuka, mawindo ghakubwanganduka, kweniso misewu yakuzura maji. Mu msumba uwu mukaŵa mphepo zakukwana 175 km/h (110 mph). Ndege zose zikanangika cifukwa ca nyengo yiheni iyo Freddy wakizira.[62]

Mu nyengo yakwambilira ya chimphepo ichi, mawupu gha kwendera lumoza na magesi ghakamara. Kampani ya magesi ya Electricidade de Moçambique yikati ku vigaŵa vinandi magesi ghakawelerapo pa 11 March namise. Guy Taylor, uyo ni mulara wa UNICEF pa nkhani ya kuvikilira ŵanthu, kudumbiskana, na kukolerana, wakati pakaŵa "vinthu vinandi ivyo vikaparanyika", ndipo Freddy "wangaŵa kuti ni soka likuru".[63] Taylor wakayowoyaso kuti malo gha ku mizi ghakaparanyika. Mu msumba wa Quelimane, maji ghakwenda makora ghakamara.[64]

Mapulogiramu gha pa TV gha boma ghakayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakachimbira mu msumba uwu chifukwa cha nyifwa ya Freddy. Nyumba zakukwana 650 mu cigaŵa ca Marromeu, na zakukwana 3,000 mu cigaŵa ca Sofala zikakhwaskika na maji.[65] TMu vilimika vinayi pera, mu caru ici mukawa vula zinandi comene. Ŵanthu ŵa ku malo agha ŵakuti maji ghakututuka ghakaŵa ghaheni pambere ŵandafike ku mtunda. Mu mapulaneti ghakwambilira agho ghakaŵa na malo ghakukwana 24,000 km2 (9,300 sq mi), ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti malo agha ghakukwana 900 km2 (350 sq mi). Malo ghakupambanapambana ghakapokera vula yakujumpha 500-1000 mm, ndipo malo ghanyake ghakaŵa ghachoko chomene. Kweniso ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na nthenda ya kolera ŵakasazgikira. Vyaru 8 vikapwetekeka na chimphepo ichi.

Chipatala chakale ku Quelimane chikaphulika, ndipo chikaŵa chinonono kovwira awo ŵakakhumbikwiranga wovwiri. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakasoŵa pakukhala mu nyengo ya chimphepo, ndipo ŵakabisama mu masukulu, agho ghakazgoka malo ghakupokelerako ŵalendo. Kweniso minda yinandi yikazura na maji. Bungwe la INGD likati chimphepo ichi chikakhwaska chomene Mozambique kuluska umo ŵakaghanaghaniranga. Freddy wakasuzga ŵanthu mu vigaŵa ivyo pakwamba ŵakaviwonanga kuti ni vyakofya yayi. Pa nyengo yose iyi, Freddy wakakoma ŵanthu 53. Ŵanthu 96,200 nawo ŵakakhwaskika. Ŵanthu pafupifupi 49,000 ŵakachimbira mu vikaya vyawo ndipo ŵanyake 280 ŵakapwetekeka. Nyumba zakujumpha 1,900 zikakhwaskika, ndipo 832 zikanangika.[66][46][67]

Malawi

Pambere Freddy wandafike ku Malawi, caru ici cikaŵa na nthenda ya kolera iyo yikaŵa yiheni comene. Vinthu ivyo vikachitika na Freddy vikapangiska ŵanthu kopa kuti vinthu viheni viŵenge vinandi. Ku chigaŵa cha kumwera kwa charu ichi ndiko kukawa vula zinandi chomene.[68]Vigaŵa ivi ni Blantyre, Phalombe, Mulanje, Chikhwawa, na Nsanje.[69] Maji ghakututuka ghakasakaza malo ghanandi, ghakasakaza nyumba na ŵanthu. Charu chose chikaŵavya magesi chifukwa chakuti wupu wa EGENCO ukaleka kupeleka magesi. Malo ghakupangira magesi gha maji mu caru ici ghakaŵa ghambura kugwiriskika nchito cifukwa ca viswaswa.[70]Pa zuŵa limoza pera, kukawa vula zinandi izo zikaŵa zakukwana mwezi umoza.

Ŵanthu ŵakukwana 326 ŵakakomeka apo Freddy wakawukira ndipo ŵanyake 201 ŵakasoŵa, ndipo 774 ŵakapwetekeka.[71] Pa ŵanthu aŵa, ŵakukwana 158 ŵakafwa mu msumba wa Blantyre. Wupu wa Médecins Sans Frontières ukuti pa ŵanthu aŵa, 40 ŵakaŵa ŵana. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 84,000 ŵakacimbira mu caru cose, ndipo ŵakacimbizgika mu nyumba zawo. Nyumba zakujumpha 50,000 zikakhwaskika. Ŵalimi ŵacokoŵacoko ŵanandi ŵakataya vyakurya na minda yawo cifukwa ca cimphepo ici. Msumba wa Mtauchira mu chigaŵa cha Chiradzulu ukaparanyika chifukwa cha kudumuka kwa maji kufuma pa Phiri la Chambe. Pafupifupi ŵanthu 7 ŵakafwa ndipo 40 ŵakapwetekeka mu muzi uwu apo ŵanji ŵakasoŵa pa 14 March. Malo ghakujumpha 430 km2 ghakazura na maji.

Ku Chilobwe, nyumba zinandi zikayegheka na maji. Masukulu gha mu vigaŵa 10 vya kumwera ghajalika m'paka pa Malichi 15. Ku Salima na Lilongwe nako kukawa vula. Pulezidenti wa Malaŵi, Lazarus Chakwera, wapharazga kuti ku vigaŵa vya kumwera kuli soka. Ŵanthu ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakafwa ŵali kusi ku viswaswa. Apo Freddy wakaŵa mu caru, ungweru ukaŵa palipose yayi. Misewu yinandi na milatho vikamara, ndipo vigaŵa vinandi vikaŵa vyambura kwenda. Ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakakhalanga mu chipalamba cha Chiradzulu.[72]

Zimbabwe

Vula yikuru iyo yikathika kufuma ku Freddy, yikananga chigaŵa cha kumafumiro gha dazi kwa Zimbabwe kwa nyengo yitali.[73] Kuumaliro wa Febuluwale, apo chimphepo ichi chikasunkhunyikanga mu Mozambiki, kukawa vula yikuru na mphepo yankhongono. Mu chigaŵa cha Mashonaland Central, nyumba zinkhondi na masukulu ghaŵiri ghakabwangasuka. Munthu yumoza wakafwa mu Shamva pa 26 February apo khuni ilo ŵakakhalanga pasi likagumuka.[74] Munthu munyake nayo wakafwa cifukwa ca cinthu cinyake. Mu cigaŵa ca Masvingo, nyumba yimoza yikanangika na vula ndipo yinyake yikanangika na leza. Chigaŵa cha Manicaland chikakhwaskika comene na vula izo zikathika kufuma pa Malichi 12 m'paka 14. Ku Nyanga kukawa vula ya mamita 102 na ku Mukandi ya mamita 97. Vipambi vikakhwaskika mu vigaŵa vya Chipinge na Chiredzi.[73][74]

Kunyake

Ku South Africa na Eswatini kukawa vula ya mamita 251.[75] Ku Zambia nako kukawa vula zinandi.[76]

Ivyo Vikachitika

Madagascar

Cimphepo cikuru cakucemeka Freddy cikulopwa pamanyuma pakuti cafika ku Mozambique pa Malichi 12.

Ŵakapeleka vyakurya vyakukwana matani 64 pamanyuma pa nyifwa ya Freddy.[58] Malo ghanandi ghakubisamamo ghakajulika, ndipo ghanandi ghakafumiskikapo zuŵa limoza pamanyuma pa chimphepo. Wupu wakuwona vya vyakurya pa caru cose ukapeleka vyakurya vinandi ku ŵanthu awo ŵakaŵa mu malo ghakubisamamo. Ŵanthu 100,000 ŵakapika wovwiri wa ndalama kwa myezi yiŵiri, ndipo ŵanthu 40,000 ŵakapika wovwiri wa vyakurya kwa myezi yitatu..[52]

Mozambique

UNICEF yikapeleka vinthu vyakutozgera maji, munkhwala, mahema, na vinthu vinyake vyakovwira mbumba na ŵana.[59] Pa 13 March, ŵanthu 5,000 ŵakakhalanga mu malo ghakukhalamo ndipo ŵanthu ŵakujumpha 100,000 ŵakakhumbikwiranga wovwiri. Boma likanozgekeranga yayi chimphepo chikuru nga ni cha Freddy, ndipo likayezgayezga kuti liŵawovwire. Bungwe la Amnesty International likati Mozambique yikwenera kupokera malipiro chifukwa cha suzgo la Freddy. Pulezidenti wa Mozambique, Filipe Nyusi, wakapempha wovwiri na kuzengaso vinthu vinyake. Kweniso wakapeleka ndalama zakukwana MT250 miliyoni ($3.9 million) ku chigaŵa cha Zambezia kuti viwovwire kuwezgerapo milimo ya zuŵa na zuŵa.[77]

Malawi

Pa 14 March boma la Malawi likakhazikiska misasa 57 ya ŵanthu ŵakusuzgika.[78] Ŵanthu awo ŵakovwira ŵanthu ŵakakolerananga comene na boma nangauli vinthu vikaŵa makora yayi cifukwa ca Freddy. Vyakovwira ivyo vikaŵikika pambere chimphepo chindafike vikawovwira mbumba. Gulu la ŵaponoski likatumika ku malo gha Chilobwe, Machinjiri na Ndirande ku Blantyre. Ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi ŵakawungana kuti ŵawovwire ŵanthu awo ŵakasuzgika na suzgo ili.[79] Bungwe la Amnesty International likasachizga kuti Malawi wapokere malipiro chifukwa cha masuzgo gha Freddy, chifukwa ndiyo yikupangiska kusintha kwa nyengo.[80]

Wupu wa EGENCO ukambaso kugwira ntchito pa malo ghakukhazikiskira magesi gha Nkula na Tedzani pa Malichi 14 apo maji ghakawelera ku malo ghakwenelera. Lazarus Chakwera wakapharazga kuti pa caru cose paŵenge ciliro ca masabata ghaŵiri cifukwa ca awo ŵakakomeka na Freddy. Boma likalayizga kuti lipelekenge ndalama zakukwana madola 1.5 miliyoni ku ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na suzgo ili. Pulezidenti wakawona ivyo vyacitika, ndipo wakati "ni viheni comene kuluska ivyo tawona". OCHA yikapeleka vinthu vyakukhumbikwa comene ku vigaŵa ivyo vikakhwaskika comene. Mu mabuku agha mukaŵa vinthu vya munkhwala, vyakuvwara vyakovwira para munthu wali mu suzgo, kweniso maboti ghakupeleka chakurya ku ŵanthu awo ŵali mu maji gha chigumula. Ku Nsanje, ŵakazenga misasa 24 kuti pakhalenge mbumba 4,502, ndipo ku Chikwawa kukaŵa misasa 21 ya nyumba 8,837.[81]

Kuzgoreka pa caru cose

  •  United States: Ŵakapharazga kuti ŵapelekenge vinthu vyakukhumbikwa pa nyengo ya suzgo..[82]
  •  European Union:EU yikapeleka ndalama zakukwana €200,000 ($213,810) kuti ziwovwire awo ŵakakhwaskika na suzgo ili.[83]

Papa Francis wakalongosora umo waliri na ŵanthu awo ŵakakhwaskika na chimphepo.[84][85] Vyaru vinandi nga ni Cuba, India, South Africa, na Tanzania, vikaŵalengera lusungu ŵanthu ŵa ku Malawi, Mozambique, na Madagascar.[86][87][88]

Vyakumanyaso

Freddy wali na nambara ya chimphepo chikuru icho chikakwera kwa nyengo yitali chomene pa charu chose, ndipo wakaluska chimphepo cha Hurricane John mu 1994[89][90][91]Freddy wali na mbiri ya chimphepo chikuru chomene pa charu chose chapasi, icho chili na nkhongono ya 87.01, icho chikaponya mbiri yakale ya 85.26 iyo yikaŵapo chifukwa cha chimphepo Ioke mu 2006. Freddy ndiyo wakaŵa cimphepo cakwamba ico cikakura comene. Freddy wakaŵa yumoza wa vimphepo vinayi ivyo vikajumpha kumwera kwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean kufuma kumafumiro gha dazi kuya kumanjiliro gha dazi.[92]

Wonaniso

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Mphepo ya mathithi yakuyana na Freddy

  • Cyclone Litanne (1994) – a long-lived cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere which impacted Madagascar.
  • Hurricane John (1994) – the furthest-travelling tropical cyclone ever recorded and the previous longest-lived tropical cyclone.
  • Cyclone Bonita (1996) – another long-lasting tropical cyclone which also struck Madagascar and Mozambique, also making landfall near Quelimane.
  • Cyclone Leon–Eline (2000) – the second longest-lived cyclone in the Southern Hemisphere which severely impacted Madagascar and Mozambique.
  • Cyclone Hudah (2000) – another long-lived cyclone that also affected Madagascar.

Related tropical cyclones

  • Hurricane Ioke (2006) – a powerful tropical cyclone which previously had the highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) worldwide before Freddy.
  • Cyclone Idai (2019) – a devastating tropical cyclone which also had an erratic track within the Mozambique Channel like Freddy.
  • Cyclone Batsirai (2022) – a powerful tropical cyclone that caused catastrophic damage in Madagascar.
  • Cyclone Darian (2022) – another strong and long-lasting tropical cyclone that reached VITC status in the same season.
  • Cyclone Cheneso (2023) – a strong tropical cyclone which affected Madagascar a month prior.

Vinyake

  1. ↑ The missing persons for Mauritius were from a capsized Taiwanese-flagged fishing trawler that was found within the nation's exclusive economic zone.[45]

Ukaboni

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Saintomer, Mathieu (21 Febuluwale 2023). "Cyclone Freddy : 11 sites mobiles du réseau Orange endommagés, les équipes techniques mobilisées pour résoudre le problème". Linfo.re (in French). Archived from the original on 21 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 21 Febuluwale 2023.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Winds lash Madagascar's coast as Cyclone Freddy makes landfall". BBC News (in British English). 22 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 22 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 22 Febuluwale 2023.
  3. ↑ CNN https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/15/africa/malawi-death-toll-cyclone-freddy-intl/index.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Outlook for the Western Region Issued at 2:00 pm WST on Monday 30 January 2023 for the period until midnight WST Thursday 2 February 2023 (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 Janyuwale 2023. Archived from the original on 3 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 6 Febuluwale 2023.
  5. ↑ "The Australian Tropical Cyclone Database" (CSV). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
  6. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Forecast Track Map for Tropical Low (13U) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 6 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 6 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 6 Febuluwale 2023.
  7. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Forecast Track Map for Tropical Cyclone Freddy (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 6 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 6 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 6 Febuluwale 2023.
  8. ↑ Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin (Western Region) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 6 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 6 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 6 Febuluwale 2023.
  9. ↑ Tropical Cyclone 11S (Eleven) Warning No. 1 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 6 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 6 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 6 Febuluwale 2023.
  10. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin (Western Region)". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 7 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 7 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 7 Febuluwale 2023.
  11. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 11S (Freddy) Warning No. 10 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 8 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 8 Febuluwale 2023.
  12. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 11S (Freddy) Warning No. 8 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 8 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 8 Febuluwale 2023.
  13. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin (Western Region)". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 9 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 9 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 9 Febuluwale 2023.
  14. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 11S (Freddy) Warning No. 13 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 9 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 9 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 9 Febuluwale 2023.
  15. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin (Western Region)". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 11 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 11 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 11 Febuluwale 2023.
  16. ↑ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Cyclone 11S (Freddy) Warning No. 20 (Report). United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 12 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 12 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 12 Febuluwale 2023.
  17. ↑ Tropical Cyclone 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (1/7/20222023) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 14 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 14 Febuluwale 2023.
  18. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Forecast Track Map for Severe Tropical Cyclone Freddy (13U)". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 14 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 14 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 14 Febuluwale 2023.
  19. ↑ "JTWC Best Track on Tropical Cyclone Freddy (11S)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 6 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 17 Febuluwale 2023.
  20. ↑ Cappucci, Matthew. "Cyclone Freddy teeters on brink of Category 5 strength in Indian Ocean". The Washington Post (in American English). ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 17 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 17 Febuluwale 2023.
  21. ↑ Tropical Disturbance 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (46/7/20222023) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 2 Malichi 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 2 Malichi 2023.
  22. ↑ Zone of Disturbed Weather 07 (Freddy) Warning Number (47/7/20222023) (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 3 Malichi 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 3 Malichi 2023.
  23. ↑ Bulletin for Cyclonic Activity and Significant Tropical Weather in the Southwest Indian Ocean (PDF) (Report). Météo-France. 15 Malichi 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 15 Malichi 2023.
  24. ↑ "Cyclone Warning Bulletin Rodrigues (French Version)". Mauritius Meteorological Services. 18 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 18 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 18 Febuluwale 2023.
  25. ↑ "Weather | Rodrigues: a Class II cyclone warning is in effect – Mauritius News" (in American English). Archived from the original on 19 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 18 Febuluwale 2023.
  26. ↑ "Cyclone Freddy : 1019 personnes dans les centres d'évacuation". Defimedia.info (in French). 20 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 21 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 21 Febuluwale 2023.
  27. ↑ "Saison cyclonique : La Réunion entre en pré-alerte jaune cyclonique à partir de 19h". Linfo.re. Archived from the original on 18 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 18 Febuluwale 2023.
  28. ↑ "Cyclone Freddy : les conséquences de l'alerte orange dans le secteur de la santé". Linfo.re (in French). 19 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 19 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 20 Febuluwale 2023.
  29. ↑ "Saison cyclonique : les équipes d'EDF sont mobilisées à l'approche du cyclone Freddy". Linfo.re (in French). 19 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 19 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 20 Febuluwale 2023.
  30. ↑ "Saint-Pierre : le premier carnaval de la ville finalement reporté au jeudi 9 mars". Linfo.re (in French). 20 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 20 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 20 Febuluwale 2023.
  31. ↑ Southern Africa: Tropical Cyclone Freddy - Flash Update No. 1 (20 February 2023) (PDF) (Situation Report). UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 20 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 21 Febuluwale 2023 – via ReliefWeb.
  32. ↑ "Cyclone Freddy's battering winds make landfall in Madagascar". AP NEWS (in English). 21 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 22 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 21 Febuluwale 2023.
  33. ↑ "Battered by Cheneso, Madagascar braces for Cyclone Freddy". AP NEWS (in English). 17 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 18 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 18 Febuluwale 2023.
  34. ↑ "Powerful cyclone Freddy making landfall in Madagascar". The Washington Post (in American English). ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 22 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 21 Febuluwale 2023.
  35. ↑ "Cyclone Freddy slams Mozambique with 'dangerous' rainfall". AP NEWS (in English). 24 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 24 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 24 Febuluwale 2023.
  36. ↑ "Mozambique braces for floods as storm Freddy nears landfall". Reuters (in English). 23 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 23 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 23 Febuluwale 2023.
  37. ↑ Masters, Jeff (10 Malichi 2023). "Record-breaking Cyclone Freddy approaches Mozambique — again » Yale Climate Connections". Yale Climate Connections (in American English). Archived from the original on 11 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 11 Malichi 2023.
  38. ↑ WANJOHI KABUKURU, Associated Press (11 Malichi 2023). "Tropical Cyclone Freddy hammers Mozambique for second time". The Hill (in American English). Archived from the original on 12 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 12 Malichi 2023.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 "Malawi: Tropical Cyclone Freddy - Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA) Situation Report No 1 (As of 12 March 2023) - Malawi | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int (in English). Archived from the original on 13 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 13 Malichi 2023.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 Southern Africa: Tropical Cyclone Freddy - Flash Update No. 7 (14 March 2023) (PDF) (Report). United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 14 Malichi 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 14 Malichi 2023 – via ReliefWeb.
  41. ↑ "Malawi: Tropical Cyclone Freddy - Department of Disaster Management Affairs (DoDMA) Situation Report No 4 (As of 15 March 2023) - Malawi | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int (in English). Retrieved 16 Malichi 2023.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Phiri, Frank; Mucari, Manuel (15 Malichi 2023). "Malawi, Mozambique race to rescue survivors as cyclone toll rises above 270". Reuters (in English). Archived from the original on 15 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 15 Malichi 2023.
  43. ↑ "Cyclone 'Freddy' batters Malawi and Mozambique – DW – 03/16/2023". dw.com (in English). Archived from the original on 16 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 16 Malichi 2023.
  44. ↑ "Taiwanese Fishing Vessel Disappears With Its Sixteen Crew Members". Le Matinal. Retrieved 16 Malichi 2023.
  45. ↑ Longola ivyo vyabudika: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named LienSheng
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "Cyclone Freddy Death Toll Rises To 63 In Mozambique". Barrons. Agence France Presse. Archived from the original on 15 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 15 Malichi 2023.
  47. ↑ "WFP Mozambique External Situation Report #6 (15 March 2023) - Mozambique | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int (in English). Retrieved 16 Malichi 2023.
  48. ↑ "Cyclone Freddy claims 2 lives in Manicaland – Zimbabwe Situation" (in American English). Archived from the original on 28 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 28 Febuluwale 2023.
  49. ↑ Everington, Keoni (3 Malichi 2023). "Taiwanese fishing boat found overturned in Indian Ocean, crew still missing". Taiwan News. Archived from the original on 13 Malichi 2023. Retrieved 14 Malichi 2023.
  50. ↑ "Cyclone Freddy : 16 000 clients ont pu être réalimentés, 500 autres toujours privés d'électricité". Linfo.re (in French). 21 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 21 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 21 Febuluwale 2023.
  51. ↑ Patou-Parvédy, Matthieu (23 Febuluwale 2023). "Après le passage du cyclone Freddy, les températures augmentent fortement à La Réunion : c'est l'effet de "Foehn"". Linfo.re (in French). Archived from the original on 27 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 14 Malichi 2023.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "WFP Madagascar Cyclone Response Update (As of 22 February 2022, 17:00 EAT) - Madagascar | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int (in English). Archived from the original on 22 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 22 Febuluwale 2023.
  53. ↑ "Tropical cyclone Freddy hits Madagascar and Mozambique". public.wmo.int (in English). 23 Febuluwale 2023. Archived from the original on 24 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 23 Febuluwale 2023.
  54. ↑ "Cyclone Freddy Makes Madagascar Landfall | Weather.com". The Weather Channel (in American English). Archived from the original on 20 Febuluwale 2023. Retrieved 21 Febuluwale 2023.
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