Friendship knot

The Friendship knot is a decorative knot which is used to tie neckerchieves, lanyards and in Chinese knotting.

History and use

This is one of the eleven basic knots of traditional Chinese knotting, a craft which began in the Tang and Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) in China. The Chinese and Japanese names for this knot are based on the shape of the ideogram for the number ten, which is in the shape of a cross that appears on one face (and a square on the other face).The Ashley Book of Knots, first published in 1944, says: "A decorative Chinese Loop. This is commonly employed as a Lanyard Knot. It is handsome and secure." In recent years, it has become popular with members of the Scout and Guide movements for tying their neckerchieves instead of using a woggle.

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Knot

A knot is a method of fastening or securing linear material such as rope by tying or interweaving. It may consist of a length of one or several segments of rope, string, webbing, twine, strap, or even chain interwoven such that the line can bind to itself or to some other object (the "load"). Knots have been the subject of interest for their ancient origins, their common uses, and the area of mathematics known as knot theory.

Use

There is a large variety of knots, each with properties that make it suitable for a range of tasks. Some knots are used to attach the rope (or other knotting material) to other objects such as another rope, cleat, ring, or stake. Some knots are used to bind or constrict objects. Decorative knots usually bind to themselves to produce attractive patterns.

Teaching

While some people can look at diagrams or photos and tie the illustrated knots, others learn best by watching how a knot is tied. Knot tying skills are often transmitted by sailors, scouts, climbers, cavers, arborists, rescue professionals, stagehands, fishermen, linemen and surgeons. The International Guild of Knot Tyers is an organisation dedicated to the Promotion of Knot tying.

Glossary of graph theory

This is a glossary of graph theory. Graph theory is the study of graphs, systems of nodes or vertices connected in pairs by edges.

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κ(G) is the size of the maximum clique in G; see clique.

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Knot (papermaking)

Knots are unwanted, large, dark aggregates of wood fibres when making chemical pulp.

Knots are incompletely cooked wood chips coming out of the digester. Their origin is often dense parts of branches, such as compression wood or timber knots – hence the name. Knots can also stem from large/oversized wood chips due to insufficient impregnation with cooking liquors. The content of lignin is very high. In kraft pulping knots are typically 0.5–3.0 % of the digester throughput. The knots are screened from the pulp, because if left in the pulp they may damage washing equipment and consume large amounts of bleaching chemicals. They are normally sent back to the digester and re-cooked so that their fibres are not wasted.

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