The background for the artificial set in the prologue is clearly inspired by the woodblock prints "Gaifu Kaisei" and "Sanka Haku" featured in Hokusai's famous "Thirty Six Views of Mount Fuji" series.
Quentin Tarantino's mechanical wheelchair has a duck hood ornament on one of the arms, the same hood ornament as on Stuntman Mike's car in Death Proof (2007), directed by Tarantino.
When the sheriff is talking to old Quentin Tarantino's character the sheriff talks about Akira (his son) and Tarantino replies "every time I hear that name it touches my heart, what can I say, I've always been an anime otaku", (Japanese slang for a person that is a fan of anime, manga, and Japanese video games and culture) this is a reference to the classic anime film "Akira".
The characters who are named have been so after actual historical figures in the Tale of the Heike.
The introduction to the tale given by Quentin Tarantino's character is taken almost verbatim from the opening passage of the Tale of Heike: "The sound of the Gion Shouja bells echoes the impermanence of all things; the color of the saala flowers reveals the truth that the prosperous must decline. The proud do not endure, they are like a dream on a spring night; the mighty fall at last, they are as dust before the wind." (Helen Craig McCullough's translation)