Connections

A shot of an automatic door opening and shutting, with leaves blowing in, is of the Rigshospital in Copenhagen.

Joe's monologue about loneliness is edited to shots of the universe from "Melancholia".

The main theme from opening credits of Easy Rider is used in a train scene. In fact, when the song is playing in Lars Von Trier's film, there are two characters that differ a lot from the others - just like Dennis Hopper and Peter Fonda.

A shot of weeds floating underwater is styled similarly to a shot in "Solaris".

Both films are about a woman suffering from nymphomania. In both films Stellan Skarsgård plays the only person who decides not to judge or criticize the main character and tries to help her to realize and accept herself.

The bottom portion of Young Joe's wardrobe on the train in the first chapter is identical to Bess' final outfit from "Breaking the Waves".

The use of Saint-Saëns' "The Swan" is a reference to von Trier's earlier film "The Idiots", where "The Swan" was the main theme of the film.