Features
By 2050 the majority of the world’s student age population will be in Africa. African graduates and researchers will play a key role in contributing to the future of not just the continent, but the world.
Here we meet some of the 2024/25 Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program students at the University of Oxford under the Africa Oxford Initiative (AfOx), which aims to increase the number of African students pursuing postgraduate degrees here. These outstanding Mastercard Foundation Scholars are all receiving full scholarships for a rigorous one-year taught postgraduate course, leadership and impact programme, entrepreneurship support and networking opportunities.
The scholarship supports Mastercard Foundation Scholars before, during and following their time at Oxford including developing a lifelong network of Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program Alumni who collectively will rise to meet Africa’s challenges and opportunities.
Fidelity Ndali, from Zimbabwe, wants to pursue global health research projects
Fidelity Ndali, from Zimbabwe, is pursuing an MSc in Modelling for Global Health at the Nuffield Department of Medicine, and is a member of Kellogg College. He graduated with First Class Honours in Applied Mathematics with Economics from the University of Zimbabwe and is interested in the role that mathematical and economic modelling can play in informing public health policy in low and middle-income countries, particularly for infectious diseases.
After completing his MSc, Fidelity plans to collaborate with NGOs and other organisations on global health research projects. He aims to pursue a PhD, with the long-term goal of translating complex modelling results into practical policy solutions, particularly for the African region.
Nashwa Mohammed wants to transform mental health services in Sudan
Nashwa graduated from the University of Khartoum and is the founder of Fadfada, a mental health provider startup for provides remote online therapy. Her work focuses on bridging the gender gap in the workforce by partnering primarily with female psychologists. Through collaborations with local and international organisations, including the World Health Organization, Fadfada provides therapy to survivors of violence during the Sudanese revolution and ongoing conflicts.
After completing her studies at Oxford, Nashwa plans to use evidence-based approaches to combat mental health stigma and develop culturally sensitive interventions. She aims to leverage technology to transform mental health services in Sudan, across Africa, and globally.
Kendi Juma is studying for an MSc in African Studies and has set up initiatives to tackle poverty in Kenya
Before joining Oxford, Kendi worked at the Shamiri Institute, a mental health organisation in Kenya, where she led efforts to expand mental health services. This included organising the 2-23 Arts and Policy Summit, which brought together government and other key stakeholders and helped to deliver mental health services to over 25,000 young people.
Kendi is also the founder of two youth initiatives, Busara Leaders Lab and Peer Connect, which focus on addressing unemployment and poverty in Kenya.
After completing her studies at Oxford, Kendi intends to pursue doctoral research in Development Studies. She aims to continue her work in integrating indigenous knowledge and community well-being interventions with digital solutions in Africa.
Mtendere Manase, from Malawi, aims to become a leading medical physicist
Mtendere graduated from the Malawi University of Science and Technology with a BSc in Medical Imaging. She has worked as a radiography intern in all major referral hospitals in Malawi, where she has contributed to improving precise patient diagnoses using various imaging modalities, such as X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT), and Ultrasound.
Her research interests include radiation oncology, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), how the immune system and proper nutrition can enhance the effects of ionising radiation on cancer cells, with a focus on improving radiosensitivity in cervical cancer caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).
Mtendere’s goal is to become a leading medical physicist. She aims to apply the knowledge she gains at Oxford to advance diagnostic and therapeutic precision in radiation oncology in Malawi.
Ali Elhassan wants to develop strategies to address water crises in African countries
Ali graduated with first-class honours in civil engineering from the University of Khartoum and is the Co-Founder of the Young Water Professionals - Sudan Chapter, supported by the International Water Association. His professional experience includes working as a Water Resources Engineer at Newtech Consulting Group, where he addressed environmental challenges across Africa and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Ali has also served as a Teaching Assistant at the University of Khartoum, focusing on water and environmental engineering.
After completing his studies at Oxford, Ali plans to focus on research-based consultancy to develop strategies addressing water crises in African countries. He aims to improve water access and security through community engagement, ensuring that local voices are central to the planning process, enhancing resilience, and reducing water-related conflicts.
Reem Elsayed is a pharmacist from Egypt, committed to addressing health inequity
Reem holds an MSc in Development Studies from the University of the Western Cape, South Africa, where she was a Mandela Rhodes Scholar. She is a pharmacist with extensive experience in health systems strengthening, health policy, women's health, and climate change.
She is a fellow at the Universal Health Coverage and Health Systems (UHS) Department at the World Health Organization's Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, where she works on climate change and health projects across 22 countries. She has also contributed to Egypt's Universal Health Coverage efforts during her four years with the Egypt Healthcare Authority, focusing on policy, management, and research.
Reem is committed to advancing global health, addressing health inequities, and tackling climate change through advocacy, policy, and research in Egypt and across Africa.
About Africa Oxford Initiative (AfOx)
Africa Oxford Initiative (AfOx) is an institution-wide academic network based in the University of Oxford. AfOx’s vision is to make engagement with Africa a strategic priority for the University of Oxford. AfOx facilitates equitable, impactful and sustainable collaborations between Oxford and African institutions through its education, research and innovation programs.
For more information visit www.afox.ox.ac.uk.
Researchers at the University of Oxford’s Department of Engineering Science have made major advances towards realising green hydrogen – the production of hydrogen by splitting water, powered by renewable energy. Their approach, which focuses on bio-engineering bacteria to become ‘hydrogen nanoreactors’, could open the way towards a cost-effective, zero carbon method of generating hydrogen fuels.
In the new study, the researchers used a synthetic biology approach to convert a species of bacteria into a cellular ‘bionanoreactor’ to split water and produce hydrogen using sunlight. By generating a highly-efficient, stable and cost-effective catalyst, this overcomes one of the critical challenges that has been holding back green hydrogen to date.
Lead author Professor Wei Huang (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford) said: ‘Currently, most commercially used catalysts for green hydrogen production rely on expensive metals. Our new study has provided a compelling alternative in the form of a robust and efficient biocatalyst. This has the advantages of greater safety, renewability, and lower production costs all of which can improve long-term economic viability.’
Professor Wei Huang.
To overcome this, the Oxford researchers engineered the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis to concentrate electrons, protons, and hydrogenase in the space between the inner and outer membrane (known as the periplasmic space, 20-30 nm wide). This species is ‘electroactive’, meaning that it can transfer electrons to or from solid surfaces outside their cells.
To enhance electron and proton transfer, the team engineered a light activated electron pump (called Gloeobacter rhodopsin) onto the inner membrane, newly enabling it to efficiently pump protons into the periplasm in the presence of light. The Gloeobacter rhodopsin itself was engineered by the introduction of the pigment canthaxanthin (which absorbs light energy) to boost proton pumping by harvesting extra photon energy from sunlight. Additionally, nanoparticles of reduced graphene oxide and ferric sulfate were introduced to enhance the electron transfer. Finally, the hydrogenase enzyme in the periplasmic space was also overexpressed.
When the engineered S. oneidensis strain was exposed to electrons from an electrode, this achieved a ten-fold increase in hydrogen yield compared to a control, non-engineered strain.
Professor Wei Huang and his group explain the concept of producing hydrogen using bacterial nanoreactors.
First author of the study Weiming Tu, a DPhil candidate in Oxford’s Department of Engineering Science, said, ‘The natural periplasm of S. oneidensis offers an optimal nano-environment for hydrogen production, as it effectively ‘squeezes’ protons and electrons, thereby increasing the likelihood of their interactions within nanoscale spaces. Thermodynamically, this design results in a lower energy requirement for hydrogen production. This work is a good demonstration of engineering biology.’
Co-author Professor Ian Thompson (Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford) added: ‘Efficient, affordable, and safe green hydrogen production is a long-standing goal. Our bionanoreactor has suggested the potential of biocatalysts for clean energy production. The abiotic materials used in this work, including the graphene oxide and ferric sulfate nanoparticles, were synthesised by biological methods, making them more eco-friendly than traditional chemical approaches.’
This work was published as the paper 'Engineering bionanoreactor in bacteria for efficient hydrogen production' in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science.
This advance builds on the expertise Professor Huang’s lab group have developed in sustainable synthetic biology. In 2023, his group achieved a world-first in successfully bio-engineering a non-photosynthetic bacterium (called Ralstonia eutropha) to become photosynthetic – a pivotal proof-of-concept for the field. Similar to the Shewanella hydrogen nanoreactors, this system used rhodopsin, but this time as a replacement for the pigment chlorophyll (which normally powers photosynthesis).
Their achievement led to follow-on funding from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and the Science and Technology Agency (JST) in Japan to further develop new artificial photosynthetic cell systems to enhance green biotechnology. Alongside Professor Hiroyuki Noji (The University of Tokyo), Professor Wei Huang is leading a collaboration of eight UK and Japanese Universities to research new sustainable methods to convert carbon dioxide into useful bioproducts (such as biodegradable plastic). Ultimately, this could provide sustainable sources of important products for a diverse range of industries including healthcare, biomanufacturing, and agriculture.
As COP29 gets underway this week (11 - 22 November 2024), we meet the Oxford undergraduate and graduate students who have travelled to Baku to take part in the United Nations Climate Change Conference, and find out what they think should be top of the agenda for decision-makers.
Benjamin Attia, a DPhil researcher in the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment.
He said: 'By any definition and under any climate or transition future, there is a massive and growing gap between climate finance flows from the Global North to the Global South and the climate finance needs of the South.
The negotiation of the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance tops the agenda for negotiated outcomes of COP29, with key debates around how much the target should be, what kinds of capital should be in scope, who should pay and how that is determined, and what counts towards the target.
Ultimately the setting and implementation of the NCQG is about addressing both climate justice and energy inequality. I hope to see the new target include a number that starts with a 'T' and not a 'B', and for it to account for debt constraints and limited fiscal space of recipients, require more effective crowd-in of private sector investors, and allocate much more concessional capital.'
Ushika Kidd is co-President of Oxford Climate Society
She said: 'At COP29 I will be representing student and youth voices, being a key point of contact between researchers in the Oxford delegation and other groups including the Global Alliance of Universities on Climate.
I aim to utilise my experience in environmental journalism to facilitate climate literacy and on-the-ground transparency about key COP29 processes and outcomes through articles and Oxford social media channels so we can push for ambitious global climate finance targets.'
DPhil student Natasha Lutz is leading an Australian youth delegation at COP29.
She said: 'The first global stocktake at COP28 last year highlighted the gap between current emissions reductions and the levels required, with shortfalls in both policy ambition and implementation.
I'm hoping some agreement can be made to mobilise sufficient funding for affected countries and communities through the New Collective Quantified Goal on climate finance as this is key for creating enabling environments for successful policy implementation.
Additionally, I am hopeful for progress in the Article 6 negotiations - the use of carbon markets remains a messy space, and clearer guidance under Article 6 is needed.'
Flora Prideaux is in her third year at Oxford, studying for an undergraduate degree in history
She said: 'As a 20-year-old undergraduate, I’m excited to help represent Youth voices within our delegation and at COP29 more broadly. I believe that interdisciplinary groups at higher education institutions play a huge role in climate governance processes. I hope to work to facilitate communication between researchers, resources, administration, and undergraduate students at COP through discussions, negotiations, and media resources.
I am also keen to focus on producing accessible information about COP29 itself, particularly for students and young activists, to work to ‘demystify’ COP through videos, social media, and written pieces. I’m excited to work with the other researchers and representatives of Oxford University to help make our goals happen.'
DPhil candidate Jodi-Ann Wang pictured at COP28. Credit: COP28 UNEP Pavilion
She said: 'I will be supporting the Children and Youth Constituency to the UNFCCC, while also presenting some of my latest research around justice and finance in events. With the Constituency, I will be closely tracking the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance and the Just Transition Work Programme.
I hope we can reach NCQG outcomes with integrity around who contributes, what amount, as well as transparency and accountability mechanisms that do not compromise the incontrovertible legal obligations of developed countries to contribute. On the Just Transition Work Programme, I hope to see more recognition of historical damages, power imbalance, and how one country's transition can create injustices in other communities.'
Srijani plans on interviewing young people at COP29
She said: 'The NCQG is about more than just increasing climate finance - it's much more about the quality of climate finance being mobilised for mitigation and adaptation efforts in Global South countries. I hope at COP29 we are able to focus more on the quality and accountability aspect to be able to create a truly just climate finance regime.'
Sophia Suganuma, a Politics, Philosophy, and Economics student.
As the founding Finance Director, Sophia has fundraised nearly half a million USD from groups like Google and L’Oreal, and led partnerships with the World Bank Group Connect4Climate and the World Economic Forum #GenerationRestoration. Her interests include grassroots movements, youth, climate finance, and multilingual climate education.
Sophia has spoken about her activism at events with the UN Environmental Programme, US NOAA, US FEMA, the US EPA, the Smithsonian, UN Migration, UN Habitat, and UN Food and Agriculture Organization.
She said: 'My hope is that the over 1 billion youth around the world are given a platform. We currently receive less than 0.76% of all climate funding. Now, more than ever, corporations, governments, and organizations should fund the future by investing in youth initiatives.'
Graduate student Pan Ei Ei Phyoe is a climate and water specialist
With a focus on the Tana River Basin in Kenya, her work underscores the critical need for tailored climate information to address water challenges in regions prone to climate extremes. Leveraging her background in water resource engineering and social science, she develops an interdisciplinary framework to assess and fulfil water managers’ climate information needs, aiming for sustainable and adaptive water governance.
Previously, she worked as the Climate and Water Specialist at the UNFCCC COP28 Presidency at the UAE.
She said: 'As COP29 is recognized as the Finance COP this year, I am hopeful that parties will agree on establishing a New Collective Quantified Goal for climate finance, aimed at significantly scaling up funds to support developing nations in their climate adaptation efforts in a measurable and accountable way.'
Emma Somos, a DPhil student in the Department of Sociology.
She is part of the COP working group at the UK Youth Climate Coalition and works as a Deputy Research Director at Climate Cardinals. She also works as a research assistant at the Blavatnik School of Government, where she also organized the Social Outcomes Conference 2024 working at the Government Outcomes Lab.
She said: 'At COP29, as part of UKYCC’s delegation, I will be campaigning for the negotiation of a comprehensive conflict of interest definition and policy in the UNFCCC to combat the worrying trend of increasing levels of fossil fuel lobbyists entering COP negotiations. New analysis from Kick Big Polluters Out (KBPO) shows that at least 1,773 coal, oil, and gas lobbyists have been granted access to the UN climate negotiations in Baku, outnumbering the delegations of almost every country at the conference. Hopefully for COP30, there will be more transparency required and decreased access for these industries to influence negotiations, which is crucial to achieve fossil fuel phase-out.'
As Oxford’s new academic year gets underway, we take a closer look at an award-winning teaching module that brings students face-to-face with real-world high-stakes decisions.
What would you do if there was a sudden nuclear threat from North Korea and you were responsible for deciding how your country responded? At Oxford University’s Blavatnik School of Government, Master of Public Policy (MPP) students tackle this challenge head-on in the 'North Korea Crisis Simulation' – an immersive teaching module that represents an innovative approach to teaching public policy.
The one-year postgraduate degree is designed to equip future leaders with practical skills for public policy practice. Its students come from around the world – last year hailing from 58 different countries and diverse backgrounds such as government, NGOs, journalism and academia.
The simulation, which was recognised earlier this year by the Vice-Chancellor’s ‘Innovative Teaching and Assessment’ Award, plunges the MPP students into a complex economic, political, and military crisis on the Korean peninsula; testing their ability to make high-stakes decisions, balance national priorities, manage security concerns, and collaborate with international partners under extreme pressure – all within a world marked by interconnected crises and rising geopolitical competition.
The simulation is the brainchild of Professor Tom Simpson, who has first-hand experience of complex military situations, having served as an officer with the Royal Marine Commandos for five years. It incorporates elements of a ‘war game’, imitating a geopolitical crisis scenario where participants’ actions impact the options available to others.
This simulation challenges students to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical skills, pushing them to perform under high-stakes conditions.
It provides a deeply immersive experience that evolves based on their decisions, enhancing their understanding of national power dynamics. So our students are gaining invaluable insights into real-world policymaking and developing skills directly applicable to their future careers.
Professor Tom Simpson, Blavatnik School of Government
Split into six teams or countries – USA, China, Japan, Russia, South Korea, and North Korea – the students operate from meticulously designed ‘situation rooms’ complete with national flags, authentic snacks, and tailored props such as national seals on stationery, badges, and door plaques, as well as portraits of national leaders. The rooms are equipped with a bespoke communications suite, giving students the ability to receive recordings and live broadcasts from the dedicated Green Room.
In the weeks leading up to the simulation, MPP students receive detailed background briefings and in-depth reading assignments and research into the history of the crisis, the political, economic, and cultural characteristics of the countries in the region, and the national interests of the six countries involved. But it’s not until 24 hours before the exercise itself begins, when they are presented with confidential instructions, that they learn what their individual roles in the simulation will be. And then, at the start of the simulation, they finally learn about the crisis that is unfolding.
Aoife, a student from Northern Ireland who was assigned the role of the Chief of Staff to the President of the USA said: ‘I got to be a decision-maker at the epicentre of the simulation, which taught me a lot about teamwork, how to handle pressure, and the importance of maintaining focus on your ultimate goal.’
She also reflected on the challenges of working collaboratively in such a pressured environment: ‘It was really eye-opening to be thrown into a scenario where you have only limited information, there’s mistrust across teams, but the stakes are so high that you know you have to find a way of working together.’
While fictional, events in the simulation closely resemble real-world occurrences, such as the abduction of Japanese citizens by North Korea, financial turbulence, and gunfire in the Demilitarised Zone, to emphasise the complexities of real-world decision-making.
Erik, a Ukrainian MPP student, reflected: ‘The most valuable lessons were about teamwork under immense time pressure and responsibility; organising team efforts, balancing each member's involvement with the need to make quick decisions, effectively delegating tasks, and strategic action planning. I learned the importance of being ready to pursue moderate goals, as aiming for maximalist objectives can lead to counterproductive results.’
The award-winning ‘North Korea Crisis Simulation’ is one example of an immersive teaching method that has long been championed by the Blavatnik School’s Case Centre on Public Leadership, which develops teaching materials for public leaders at all career stages, thrusting them into the heart of a range of crises and challenges around the globe. The North Korea Crisis Simulation module has been made freely available for other schools of public policy to download here.
Batteries will play a fundamental role in our journey to Net Zero, but current markets lack the technological and policy infrastructure to ensure batteries are optimally used throughout their full life cycle, including in ‘second life’ applications. The Oxford Martin School Programme on Circular Battery Economies aims to deliver a blueprint for a truly circular battery economy, with a focus on leveraging opportunities in the Global South.
The programme is led by Paul Shearing, Professor of Sustainable Energy Engineering at the Department of Engineering Science and Director of the ZERO Institute. Here, he introduces the programme’s ambitious aims, the opportunities to address multiple challenges across the energy sector, and why Oxford is a natural hub for such crossdisciplinary work.
Professor Paul Shearing.
Transitioning to electric transport is crucial to achieve global Net Zero goals, and this movement is accelerating rapidly. But what hasn’t happened so quickly is the development of markets and infrastructure to ensure that these batteries are optimally used throughout their lifetime, including at the end of ‘first-life’ service in a vehicle.
Typically, electric vehicle (EV) batteries retain 70-80% of their initial capacity when they reach the end of their useful life in the vehicle. This means they have considerable potential for ‘second life’ purposes, such as for storage for intermittent renewable energy sources including wind and solar. Unfortunately, such ‘second-life’ purposes are currently seldom realised. Because people use their cars in very different ways, there is immense variability in the state of EV batteries once they reach the end of their first life. This leads to uncertainty over the safety and performance of used batteries, limiting their reuse. Since battery recycling remains immature, disposal of EV batteries is fuelling a waste management crisis and loss of critical materials.
Meanwhile, around 760 million people lack access to electricity, mostly living in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Energy storage assets will be crucial to enable these communities to establish zero carbon energy systems. The idea of redeploying used EV batteries as energy storage solutions in emerging economies is highly attractive, since this could deliver three key aims: maximising the economic value of batteries, offsetting the embedded carbon emissions of batteries through maximal use, and supporting the energy transition in developing regions.
Our vision is to support widespread adoption of electrified transportation globally, enable a sustainable circular battery economy, and promote equitable access to clean energy solutions that benefit society.
Professor Paul Shearing
What are the main objectives for the programme?
In summary, our bold vision is to develop a theoretical blueprint for a safe and equitable ‘second-life’ battery industry. Our initial focus will be on India and Africa, where we already have strong established partnerships. We will anchor our work around three integrated multidisciplinary pillars, which will each be developed in deep consultation with stakeholders.
The first focus is to better understand the potential value of a battery circular economy between the Global North and South. This will include mapping global battery flows, quantifying environmental impacts, and evaluating techno-economic cases for battery reuse and repurposing.
Second, we will develop robust tools for battery recertification. Our aim is to establish rapid, cost-effective tests and screening tools to evaluate the state of health and the remaining useful life of EV batteries. Working with stakeholders, we will ensure that these can be easily adopted by end-users.
Third, we will investigate how policy, institutional, and regulatory landscapes influence the uptake of second-life batteries in emerging economies, and how battery usage relates to wider energy transition goals.
Professor Paul Shearing and Dr Anupama Sen introduce the Oxford Martin Programme on Circular Battery Economies
Developing a circular electric vehicle battery economy mandates a multidisciplinary approach, balancing technical and social sciences, to ensure that proposed interventions are technically viable, sensitive, and people-centric.
Professor Paul Shearing
Who are you collaborating with?
The project has six academic leads. Within the Department of Engineering Science, there is myself, Professor David Howey, Professor Charles Monroe, and Associate Professor Thomas Morstyn. Between us, we have expertise across electrochemical engineering, battery materials development, systems engineering for energy storage systems, battery cell modelling, grid storage modelling, and energy market design.
From the Smith School for Enterprise and Environment, Associate Professor Radhika Khosla and Dr Anupama Sen bring policy expertise (particularly in energy consumption trajectories), urban transitions, and climate change governance in the context of development. Radhika’s position as leader of the Oxford India Centre for Sustainable Development (OICSD) at Somerville College also enables us to leverage a breadth of established contacts throughout India to reach key stakeholders.
Why is Oxford best-placed to lead on this?
We are very proud that Oxford is the birthplace of the lithium-ion battery, thanks to Professor John Goodenough’s work in the 1970s and 80s. Ever since, Oxford has been a global leader in lithium-ion battery research and has developed multidisciplinary strengths in this area.
Additionally, in Oxford- and particularly the Oxford Martin School – there is a real drive to co-develop technological solutions with stakeholders, and road-test these to ensure they are economically viable for communities. This requires integrating many different areas of expertise and Oxford is a wonderful and creative hub for that kind of work. There are not many places where you will find the concentration of expertise to enable such cross-cutting work. This is far more than, say, a chemical engineer working with a mechanical engineer, but a fully interdisciplinary approach across the entire collegiate university.
There is uncertainty over the safety and performance of used batteries, limiting their reuse. Since battery recycling remains immature, disposal of EV batteries is fuelling a waste management crisis and loss of critical materials.
Professor Paul Shearing
How will the programme help build future capacity, for instance in training new researchers?
The project will recruit several postdoctoral researchers, who will develop a highly transdisciplinary skillset across engineering and physical sciences, economics, modelling, and social sciences. This will equip them to be the future leaders that we need for holistic, just, equitable transitions to Net Zero based on sound technology. It really taps into James Martin’s belief that we need people with wide skillsets and the ability to think in broader contexts to be effective in tackling the big questions confronting us.
More widely, a philosophy of engagement and dissemination is woven throughout the programme. In particular, we aim to disseminate the findings from India and Kenya to empower communities across the Global South to co-create solutions to adopt electric transport and manage critical materials. This will use the extensive contacts we already have built up, particularly through our involvement with the URKI Ayrton Challenge for Energy Storage, where Professor Howey is a member of the strategic leadership group, and the Faraday Institution’s Battery Ambassadors program, which connects us with a network of researchers across 13 countries.
What excites you most about this new work?
As a concept, second life redeployment of EV batteries has been widely discussed for over two decades, but very little practical progress has been made so far. If we can get this right, it can serve as an exemplar for how we can rethink future energy systems to truly embed sustainability and circular economy principles. There will also be much broader lessons for any industry relying on limited critical materials.
When I started my research career, the focus was on developing cheaper batteries with higher energy densities. Now the zeitgeist has moved towards optimising sustainability and circularity. It excites me to be part of a project that will play a major role in setting the discourse of battery research for the next ten years.
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