Managing Investment Accounts

Emergency Funds: Not If, But When You'll Need Them…. Think of your emergency fund as your financial life jacket. It’s there to keep you afloat when the waters get rough—not just a nice to have, but a total must. This isn’t just any pool of money. It’s your safety net, your peace of mind. Here’s why you need it: 🌊 Life's Surprises: → Job surprises, unexpected bills, or sudden repairs? → This fund keeps those from knocking your life off course. 🌊 How Much?: → Aim to stash away at least 3-6 months of your living costs. → We’re talking rent, groceries, bills—all the essentials to get you through without a paycheck. 🌊 Where to Park It: → Keep it accessible but growing. → Think high-yield savings accounts where you can grab it without a penalty but still earn a bit on the side. 🌊 Starting Out: → Begin small if that’s what works. → Set up a little auto-transfer from each paycheck—trust me, it adds up. 🌊 Keep It Updated: → Life changes, so should your fund. Got a raise? Maybe you moved? → Check in on your fund yearly to make sure it still fits your life. It’s not about if you'll need it—more like when. And when that time comes, you’ll pat yourself on the back for being so prepared. Got questions on starting yours or how much you should save? Drop them below. 👇

One of the most concerning developments is the growing divergence between professional and retail investors. Institutional investors have quietly reduced risk, shifting toward defensive sectors and fixed income, while retail traders continue chasing speculative trades. Sentiment surveys confirm this imbalance, showing extreme bullishness among small traders, especially in options markets. With these risks building under the surface, prudent investors should proactively protect their portfolios. No one can predict precisely when the market will correct, but the ingredients for a sharp downturn are clearly in place. Savvy investors should use this period of complacency to reduce risk exposure before the cycle turns. Here are six practical steps investors should consider: ▪️ Rebalancing portfolios to reduce overweight exposure to technology and speculative growth names. ▪️ Increasing cash allocations to provide flexibility during periods of volatility. ▪️ Rotating into more defensive sectors like healthcare, consumer staples, and utilities that tend to outperform during corrections. ▪️ Reducing exposure to leverage by avoiding margin debt and leveraged ETFs. ▪️ Using options prudently—not for gambling, but for protecting portfolios through longer-dated puts on broad market indexes. ▪️ Focusing on companies with strong balance sheets, stable earnings, and reasonable valuations. ▪️ The explosion of zero-day options trading is not a sign of a healthy market. It is a symptom of an unhealthy market increasingly driven by speculation rather than investment discipline. Retail traders have moved from investing to gambling, chasing fast profits while ignoring the mounting risks. Greed is rampant, leverage is extreme, and complacency is near record levels. Markets can remain irrational longer than expected, but history tells us these speculative periods always end in a painful correction. Bull markets do not die quietly; they end with euphoric retail excess followed by painful corrections. Investors who recognize the signs early will avoid the worst of the fallout and be positioned to capitalize when value opportunities return.

Is your portfolio more complicated than necessary? I met with a prospective client this week whose current advisor has their IRA in a portfolio that includes the 22 funds shown in the image. In addition, they have two taxable accounts with this advisor that include another 24 funds. Overall, there are 46 unique funds being used across the 3 accounts and the advisor is charging a 1.5% AUM fee for the investment management. This might have seemed like a reasonable fee to them on the surface. There is a lot of perceived complexity, and it looks like it must take a lot of effort to research these funds and make sure an appropriate allocation to each fund is maintained. But here is the dirty, little secret… This portfolio can be recreated with just 3 funds that are rebalanced once per year: 48% Total US Stock Market 19% Total International Stock Market 33% Total Bond Market How do I know this? I analyzed the underlying asset exposures of the portfolio. Here is a breakdown of the process so you can do the same: First, go to Portfolio Visualizer and plug the ticker symbols and allocations into the “Backtest Portfolio” tool on the website. Then, scroll down to the “Exposures” tab and look at the “Asset Allocation” to determine the combined exposure to US Stocks, International Stocks, and Bonds. It's as simple as that. This is the process I used and I then plugged the asset allocations into index funds to compare how the 3-fund portfolio would have compared to the 22-fund portfolio. I was not at all surprised to see that the performance was almost identical. You can see the comparison in the backtest linked in the comments along with a picture of the comparison. But it’s hard to justify a 1.5% AUM investment management fee if you are only holding 3 funds. If you are currently paying someone to manage your portfolio, please go through the process mentioned above. You might be paying a hefty fee for perceived complexity and not actual value. Feel free to reach out if you need help with your analysis. #Investing #Engineers

During annual reviews and meetings with new prospective families, I have been reviewing a plethora of 401k plans and documents. I wanted to share my 4 BIG takeaways and provide potential real-life next steps for you to consider. ☑ Don’t Save Too Fast In almost every other area of life, saving and investing more is encouraged. With an employer-sponsored retirement plan, that is not always the case. In many plans, you only get your employer match during the period you make contributions. In other words, if you max out your plan before the final paycheck of the calendar year, you could be forfeiting a portion of the employer match. You must understand your employer's plan. Fortunately, every plan must make a plan document available to you upon request. Your plan provider can provide a wealth of insight with a simple phone call. ☑ Beneficiary Designations While this one might seem obvious, mistakes happen way too often. Find the beneficiary tab of your employer plan online and confirm you have the correct beneficiaries. Common mistakes: parent instead of a spouse, ex-spouse, minor children ☑ Breaking Up with Your Target Date Fund For most employer-sponsored retirement plans, your investment contributions go to a target date fund by default. This is based on the year that you turn 65. For example, if you were born in 1980, your default investment option might be the ABC Target Date 2045 Fund. I do not think a person’s age should determine how their investments should be allocated. On average, I see that the average expense ratio in large employer plans is generally 0.40 to 0.45%. Inside the TDF, the fund allocates the funds to a combination of U.S. and International Stocks, Bonds, and cash. If you have a written financial plan, it should detail the investment asset allocation to help you optimally pursue funding your dreams. This could often be achieved by selecting 3-5 index funds without your 401k lineup. I see that passive index funds have an average expense ratio of 0.05%. ☑ Rebalance and Redirect When changing from target-date funds to your own mix of index funds, there are essentially 3 critical steps. First, you need to rebalance your existing holdings to the desired mix. Second, you need to re-direct future contributions to the desired mix. Finally, you need to select a date to do an annual rebalance. Hopefully, the plan provider will have an option for you to select to make this happen automatically. ★ Conclusion In a recent Vanguard study, Vanguard attempted to quantify the value of advice. They suggest that financial planners can add .45% of value by recommending low-cost index options and .35% for rebalancing. Hopefully, by reading this post, you improved your lifetime annual returns by 0.80% per year. Cheers, Nic #National401kDay

I hear a lot from LPs that the fees are too high for [Manager x]. The reaction is legitimate, but fees in investment decision-making are far more than a simple construct to drive an invest/pass; they must be taken in context w/o emotional bias. First, fees matter (who doesn't want lower fees!). High management and carried interest fees can undoubtedly create misalignment and erode net returns. The problem that prevents a lot of investors from optimizing on their private investment portfolios is when fees become the headline that drives decision-making, rather than serving as the overall context for decision-making. Being fee-focused without a complete objective analysis, especially in highly dispersed asset classes, more often leads to sub-optimized decision making, and frequently follows decision making borne from principle rather than economic consideration. So, what red flags on fees should investors really look for? 1) Hidden fees or unclear fee structures. 2) Premature scaling of fees not justified by prior track record—This is a key one. Many managers charge high fees but have justified them consistently with consistently high net returns. 3) Off-market fees that are well outside peer norms (EMs versus Established Tier-1 firms are different products, and peer analysis is important regarding fees). 4) Fees are so high that the net return is impacted significantly (i.e. modeled returns take the fund from alpha to beta, or one quartile to another). 5) It is very clear that the fee structure will cause a significant principal/agent problem. This is hard to assess unless you know intimately what is driving the GP I know this may be obvious, but I see too many people assess managers based on fees, and let emotion/principle drive bias toward or away from an investment without entirely *objectively* analyzing all the variables that can assess whether a fee is too high or not.

Most Family Offices don’t lose wealth by making poor investment decisions—they lose it through inefficiencies. Taxes, fees, and outdated structures quietly erode returns, often without investors realizing it. The most sophisticated Family Offices have figured this out. Instead of focusing solely on higher returns, they prioritize something far more impactful: Structural Alpha. This isn’t about choosing the best hedge fund or private equity deal. Structural Alpha is about optimizing how investments are structured to maximize after-tax returns and eliminate inefficiencies. It’s a way to achieve stronger outcomes not by taking on additional risk but by being more strategic about how capital is deployed. A prime example is Private Placement Life Insurance (PPLI), a tax-efficient structure that allows Family Offices to significantly reduce the tax burden on investments like credit funds. Without it, returns on a credit strategy might shrink from ten percent to seven percent after taxes. With PPLI, those gains can be preserved for a fraction of the cost. Another example is tax-aware investing. Tax-loss harvesting extends far beyond its original application, allowing Family Offices to structure portfolios in a way that minimizes tax liabilities without compromising performance. For Family Offices, this isn’t just an advantage—it’s an essential approach to wealth management. Family Offices exist to preserve and grow generational wealth, yet many still operate within traditional investment frameworks that leave money on the table. By integrating Structural Alpha strategies, they can improve after-tax returns without taking on unnecessary risk, reduce compounding inefficiencies, and ensure long-term capital preservation through smarter structuring. The most forward-thinking Family Offices aren’t just searching for strong investments—they’re refining how they invest. Structural Alpha isn’t a trend; it’s a shift in approach that separates those who quietly optimize their wealth from those who unknowingly give a portion of it away.

Chart of the week: Build a retirement income portfolio based on ability and willingness to take risk. It's one of the most frequent questions I'm asked... How should I investment my portfolio earmarked for retirement just prior to or during retirement? It comes up all the time, but particularly during times of market or economic stress when uncertainty about the performance of stocks rises. Stocks are still critical in a retirement portfolio, for most investors. But so are more stable investments, in our view, including cash, short-term reserves/investments, and bonds. You could use a general 60 percent stock, 40% bonds and cash "guideline." Or you could personalize your approach. I suggest the latter. The question to ask is... How much money may I need soon, from your investments? This requires creating either an assessment of how much you've been spending, or how much you plan to spend, as well as accounting for other potential income sources such as Social Security, annuity, pension, part-time work, or other sources. 1️⃣ Once you've done this calculation, considering set aside a year of what you'll need over and above those sources of income from your portfolio into cash investments such as a yield-bearing money market account. Spend from this account. 2️⃣ Then, multiple the amount by somewhere between 2 and 4, depending on your tolerance for investment risk. Keep that amount, equal roughly to 2-4 years of withdrawals, in steady investments to provide liquidity (meaning not just the ability to sell the investment, but do it at a price that's not highly dependent on the economy or market) and stability to whether a bear market and/or fund spending if needed from the portfolio. 3️⃣ Last, create and invest a long-term portfolio that includes stocks and bonds based on your risk tolerance and time horizon. This provides growth potential and funds future spending. Consider an example... What if you plan to withdraw about 5% from your portfolio next year and spend about the same amount per year in the next 2-3 years without much change in your income sources? Working backward, using the personalized steps above, this brings you close to a "traditional" 60/40 stock/bonds & cash portfolio used as a rule of thumb for retirement. But on your terms, based on your needs. The chart below provides an illustration. If you need help, as always complete a personalized plan and work with a professional retirement planner and advisor. #retirementportfolio #financialplanning #risktolerance #riskcapacity

Most high-income professionals overpay in taxes not by a little, but by hundreds of thousands of dollars. And the worst part? Most of them don’t even realize it’s happening I recently worked with an executive who was unknowingly missing out on over $500,000 in potential tax savings. Like many high-income professionals, she assumed her CPA was handling everything. But here’s the problem: 🚫 Most CPAs think backwards, not forwards. They file taxes based on what already happened. 🚫 They don’t integrate financial planning, investments, and tax strategy. 🚫 Some of them miss opportunities that can save you money long-term. How We Fixed It & Saved Her Over $500K ✅ 1. The HSA Strategy – $20K+ in Lifetime Tax Savings She had access to an HSA (Health Savings Account) but wasn’t using it. Why does this matter? 👉🏾HSA contributions are tax-deductible. 👉🏾The money grows tax-free. 👉🏾Withdrawals for medical expenses are tax-free. By fully funding it every year, she’ll save $20,000+ in taxes over her lifetime. But here’s the kicker: we also helped her invest it properly so the account grows instead of just sitting in cash. ✅ 2. The Roth Conversion Strategy – $500K+ in Tax-Free Growth She was anticipating losing her job and had multiple old retirement accounts just sitting there. Instead of letting those accounts stagnate, we saw an opportunity: 👉🏾She was having a low-income year, which meant she could convert $100,000 into a Roth IRA at a lower tax rate. 👉🏾That $100K will now grow tax-free—meaning if it reaches $600K or $700K in retirement, she’ll never pay a cent in taxes on that money. ✅ 3. The Bonus Strategy – Tax-Loss Harvesting We also helped her offset investment gains using tax-loss harvesting, a strategy that allows you to sell underperforming investments and use the losses to reduce your tax bill. By combining these strategies, we helped her: 💰 Save $20K+ in taxes on HSA contributions 💰 Unlock $500K+ of future tax-free income through Roth conversions 💰 Offset capital gains and lower her tax bill through tax-loss harvesting And she almost missed out on all of this because she assumed her CPA was handling everything. If you’re making multiple six figures, but you aren’t actively planning your tax strategy, you’re leaving money on the table plain and simple. The best financial strategies aren’t about making more money they’re about keeping more of what you earn. If you want to see where you might be overpaying, shoot me a message. Let’s make sure you’re taking advantage of every opportunity. P.S See the look on my face…don’t make me have to give you that look because you’re paying more than your fair share in taxes. 😂

If you're a crypto investor, the current bull run may have you considering taking profits. While realizing gains can be exciting, it’s important to think about the tax implications before making any moves. Here are some tax planning ideas to help minimize your capital gains tax liability: 1. **Hold for Over a Year**: If possible, hold your crypto assets for at least one year before selling. Long-term capital gains are generally taxed at a lower rate (0%, 15%, or 20%) compared to short-term gains, which are taxed as ordinary income. 2. **Offset Gains with Losses**: If you have other crypto or investment losses, consider selling those assets to offset your gains. This strategy, known as tax-loss harvesting, can help reduce your taxable income. 3. **Consider Tax-Advantaged Accounts**: If you’re investing in crypto through a tax-advantaged account like a self-directed IRA, any gains might grow tax-deferred or even tax-free (if it’s a Roth account). 4. **Donate Crypto**: Donating appreciated crypto assets to a qualified charity can provide a tax deduction for the fair market value while avoiding capital gains tax on the appreciation. 5. **Strategic Selling**: Spread out your crypto sales across multiple tax years to potentially keep your income in a lower tax bracket. 6. **Leverage Gifting**: You can gift crypto to family members in lower tax brackets, staying within the annual gift tax exclusion limit ($17,000 per recipient in 2024). They may pay lower capital gains tax when they sell. 7. **State Tax Planning**: If you live in a state with high income taxes and are planning a move to a state with no or low income tax, consider waiting until after your move to sell your crypto. 8. **Stay Compliant with Reporting**: The IRS is increasing scrutiny on crypto transactions, especially with new reporting requirements like Form 1099-DA starting in 2025. Ensure all your transactions are accurately tracked and reported to avoid penalties. Crypto tax planning can get complex, especially if you have significant transactions or use DeFi, NFTs, or other advanced crypto strategies. If you need help navigating the tax implications of your crypto investments, let’s connect! Our team specializes in crypto tax planning and compliance, and we’re here to help you make the most of your gains. #cryptotax #taxplanning #cryptoinvestment #capitalgainstax #cryptocpa

Many high earners lose up to five figures from poor tax planning. Here’s what to check before year-end: →Equity compensation Plan for taxes on RSUs, ESPPs, NSOs, and ISOs before exercising or selling. → Tax diversification Spread assets across pre-tax, Roth, and taxable accounts for flexibility. → Charitable donations Lump-sum giving can help you exceed the standard deduction and increase tax efficiency. → Tax-loss harvesting Offset gains, deduct up to $3,000 in losses, and clean up your portfolio. → Roth conversions Move funds from pre-tax to Roth when markets or income are lower. → HSAs Triple tax benefit: pre-tax contributions, tax-deferred growth, and tax-free withdrawals for qualified expenses. → 401(k) optimization Choose pre-tax or Roth contributions based on your current vs. future tax outlook. → 529 plans Tax-free growth, Roth rollovers, and the ability to front-load 5 years of contributions. →Real estate Use 1031 exchanges, expense write-offs, and other strategies to reduce taxable income. → Gifting Annual exclusion is $19,000 per person in 2025; larger gifts tap into your lifetime exemption ($13.99 million per individual and $27.98 million per marriage). The earlier you review, the more options you’ll have before December 31st. Which one of these will you be tackling first?