ZAGFIZIG

FlCADEMIC PANELIST

general consideration before admin. pharmacokinetics interactions pharmacodynamics interaction after admin. (inside body) permeation of drugs across cell membrane

mechanism

Drug interaction
absorption

factor affecting routes of drug factors affecting oral absorption patterns distri bution binding to plasma protein

Pharmacokinetics

Adverse and toxic effect of drug

General

Dose response curve of drug

Pharmacokinetics Principle

Receptors

bioavailability

Dosage of drug pharmacodynamics

factor modifying dosage and action of drugs

General.mma

- 24/5/2011

- Mindiet

Acetycholine Choline
ZAGAZIG ACADEMIC PANELIST

esters ,--------1 Dir~ctlY { actmg }-

Other choline

Methacholine

esters I Carbachol ~~-----4------

Bethanechol

Cholinomimetic

Alkaloids

Pilocarpine

Reversible Phyostigmine "Eserine"

Neostigmine substitute Parasympathomimetics "Cholinomimetics" }Benzopyrinium Acetycholinesterase Inhibitors Indirectly Acting { "Anticholinesterase" }Neostigmine "Prostigmine" Drug used in Alzheimer's Disease Competitive inhibitors of Ach (Galamtamine) Non-competitive Inhibitors of Ach Antagonist

~~

NMDA-receptor (Memantine) Myasthemia Irreversible Anticholinesterase Gravis Organophosphorus

Compound

Atropine Hyoscine Mydriatic Homatropine Subs.

Atropine Autonomic Drugs Antimuscarinic : Parasympatholytics

I Tropicamide

and cyclopentolate

eucatropine Atropine methyl nitrate

J-

Antisecretory Antispasmodic Atropine Subs. ~S~ullbsS1t:l1ittLu~t=e~s_r--~----1 Atropine

Hyoscine butyl bromide Propantheline and oxyphenonium

Pirenzepine and telenzepine Antiasthmatic Atropine Atropine subs.

subs. used in urinary incontinance atropine subs Nicotine large dose Depolarizing

Antiparkinsosnial

Ganglion blockers Parasympatholytics (Cholinergic receptor antagonist)

I I Competitive

Lobeline large dose Trimetaphan "Arfonad" competitive (non-depolarizing)

Neuromascular

r'b=-cl~oc",k"-,e,,-rs=--,-,(N~MccB=C)'----11 non competitive (depolarizing)

'Skeletal Muscle ,-"-'re xa n ..s --1spasmolytics ...a.. __.t __ l__ . muscle relaxants '-'-'===-----1

Baclofen Diazepam Mephenesin Carisoprodol Dantrolene Tizanidine

Antinicotinic blockers ~~

: Ganglion

}-

& Nm blockers

N-M blockers

Tubocurarine

(Curare)

Gallamine (Flaxidil) Competitive (Non-depolarizing) ~--_'_---''''_---1 Atracurium Vecuronium Rocuronium Mivacurium Non-competitive (Depolarizing)

Succinylcholine

ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC

PANELIST

Adrenaline

(Epinephrine) (Norepinephrine) (Isoproternol)

Noradrenaline

r1 Catecholamine

Isoprenaline Dopamine Fenoldopam Dobutamine

(Corlopam) (Dobutrix)

Ephederine

H Non-catecholamine
Sympathomimetics

I Amphetamine

}H Alpha

Amphetamine

Derivatives

Phenylepherine Agonist (Vasopressor) Nasal decongestant Adrenaline Non-selective B2 Isoprenaline

Partially selective

lj B2Agonist

Bronchodilators Non-catecholamine Selective B2

Salbutamol Short acting

Terbutaline

I Long acting

catecholamine

Ergotamine Natural Ergot Partial - Ergot alkaloids Semisynthetic Ergot Ergometrine Dihydroergotoxine Migraine Tolazoline Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine

Autonomic Drugs II

j
~ Adrenergic Receptor blockers

Alpha blockers Non-selective

Imidazoline

Derivatives

I Beta-Haloalkylamine
Prazocin Yohimbine

Selective Selective

A 1 blockers A2 blockers

~
according to selectivity

non-selective cardioselective selective

Propanolol B1 blockers

(Indral)

B2 blockers

Sympatholytics

}-

a and B blockers Beta blockers lipophilic according to solubility hydrophilic Labetalol Pheochromocytoma (Ismalin) propranolol metaprolol nadolol atenolol

Beta and Alpha blockers Guanethidine

H Adrenergic

Neuron Blockers

I Alpha

Reserpine

(Serpasil)

Methyl Tyrosine Nicotine large dose

Depolarizing

Lobeline large dose Trimetaphan "Arfonad"

lj Ganglion

Blockers Competitive

H Centrally

A2 agonist Acting Agonist Imidazoline

Alpha Methyl Dopa (Aldomet) Clonidine 11agonist (Catapres)

- - Mindiet

ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC

PANELIST

j antibacterial,

Direct antifungal ~ zinc sulfate ~ boric acid ~

pilocarpine I carbachol physostigmine echothiophate

infection

M· f 10lCS

1-~

Locally

}-

Indirect Morphine

{ steroidal anti-inflammatory (glucocorticoids) NSAIDs

Y Systemic
anti-inflammatory

atropine homatropine

{ H1-blocker : antazoline ~ glucocorticoids : cortisone ~

j mast

cell stabilizers naphazoline

anti-allergic

}- ............••.~
1
J

j/1

Mydriatics

}-

1Passive

tropicamide parasym patholytics ganglion blockers phenylepherine

lActive

amphetamine ephederine parasympathomimetics B-blockers

surface:

cocaine procaine

Drugs Affecting Eye

anasthetic

j infiltration:
parasympatholytics

: atropine {open angle glucome

adrenaline Alpha2 stimulant diuretics Latanoproft

ganglion blockers corticosteroids nitrates antihistaminics : diphenhydramine : disopyramide : pilocarpine

----1 increase

antiarrhythmics para.mimetics

H lOP
---{ decrease

Glucoma }{ Closed I narrow angle glucoma

Guanethidine surgically

B-blockers : timolol carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: acetazolamide osmotic diuretics: mannitol

r
{ acute angle closure glucoma }-

dehydrating agent: Mannitol IV or Mg sulphate rectal oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors short acting parasympathomimetics iridectomy

.T~a
ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC PANELIST

ADH ~ ADH releaser: Nicotine, Yohimibine, Barbiturates, Morphine Thiazides only in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Choloropamide & Carbamazepine only in pituitary diabetes insipidus adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine in LD serotonin

} }H Anti-diuretics
} r

Loop diuretics (high efficancy)

Frusemide (Furo-semide, Lasix)

}
~/-[ Thiazide diuretics (Moderate efficancy)
Spironolactone

Kidney (Diuretics)
'---

{ Theophylline "Caffeine"

Methyl-Xanthines

Potassium Sparring Diuretics (Retaining Conserving)

Aldosterone antagonist
-

{ Non aldesterone antagonist

Triamterene Amiloride

Osmotic Non Electrolyte Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Ammonium chloride (NH4CI)

UAcetazolamide

"Diamox"

}c_

Acidifying diuretics

ZAGFIZIG

FlCADEMIC PANELIST

Quanidine

Procaineamide
Disopyramide Aprinidine Phenytoin Lidocaine

Group A

Digitoxin

1Cardiac Glycosides Digitalis

Heart failure }-. r

1Ouabain

I Digoxin

~~~~~~G~rO~U~p~BI~ _Iv1exiletine Tocainide Flecainide, Encainide, Indecainide, Propafenone Beta blocker propanolol,

Group esmolol

C ~

--{ Anti-arrhythmic drugs

'I Aminphyllins-Amrinone, Milrinone 'I direct activition of Ca channel

l~d~o~p~a~m~in~e~,~d~o~b~u~ta~m~in~e~ ~

CPR if cardiac arrest

Oxygen and IV fluid when needed Nitroglycerin inital nr treatment I Morphine r Frusemide Digoxin thrombolytics (fibrinolytics)

Amiodarone,

Bretylium,

Sotalol

Verapamil Diltiazem~ Adenosine Magnesium other drug}

'-/

Myocardial infarction

a-blocker b-blocker propanolol,

prazosin atenolol adrenoreceptor blocker

~ ~ ~

B-blockers

Calcium channel blockers

a & B-blocker labetalol, carvedilol guanethidine adrenergic neuron blockers

-I Nitrites

and nitrates Nifedi ine

reserpine
a Methyl dopa

_.,tr"im=et ... a't'p:"h".an"--,_f!~anrljglllCiOlrlnllbJlIO"'Colk<Eelr1rs~HJ sympathetic depressent (sympatholytics) clonidine

cvs

J
Angina Pectoris

1Ca+

channel

blockers

1-- Diltiazem
Dipyrimadol

Verapamil

Nicardipine

a methyl dopa guanfacine guanabenz

a2 agonist centrally acting Imidazoline, I agonist hydralazine minoxidil diazoxide

}-~-~ 'I anti platelet

-I B-blockers

low dose of aspirin drugs

non-selective

propanolol nadolol atenolol metoprolol

moxonidine rilmedinine

selective

B1

I I

arteriodilator

nitrites and nitrates ====""==-c__lviEelrlnCl0cidil<ila31tClorr_j Na nitroprusside thiazide, mixed

H~

-{
}

'-----_______/

Hypertension (Anti-hypertensive drugs)

rt neurogenic
primary or

morphine sympathomimetics Ephederine, Dopamine Dopamine

Direct vasodilators

H secondary
diuretics}

or hypovolemic

or oligemic

loop and K+ sparring

Shock
}

l-

H cardiogenic
antimacrobial

l corticosteroids

a-blocker

~
saralasin
Nifedipine Verapamil Diltiazem Nicardipine benzodiazepine

angiotensin converting
enzyme system

H septic

or hyperdynamics

f-

~
dopamine adrenal steroids

adrenaline

HCa+

channel

blocker}

1 anaphylactic +-~

antihistaminic

aminophylline

anxiolytics

drugs} blocker

Iketanserin,

5-HT2

a1 and dopamine

CVS.mma

- 24/5/2011

- Mindiet

ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC

PANELIST

H1 Histamine receptor H2 H3

Aminoacids

r-r{ Histamine

}Histamine Antagonist
r

H1 receptor antagonist

first generation second generation third generation

Serotonin

1Angiotensin
Autacoids
Polypeptides
Other active polypeptide }-

1Substance P
vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Neurotensin Endothelin Interleukin (ILs) Interferon (IFN) Prostaglandins

1Kinins

Fatty acid derivatives

HEicosanoids

Leukotrienes Platelet Activating Factor

ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC

PANELIST

non-selective B2 agonist partially selective B2 agonist Sympathomimetics

Adrenaline, Isoprenaline, Orciprenaline

Orciprenaline

oral

rl Bronchodilators
Bronchial Asthma

)Parasympatholytics Methylxanthines

selective B2 agonist

short acting long acting

Salbutamol, Rlmiterol, Terbutaline

Salmeterol.

Formoterol

Ipratropium Theophylline

Bromide (Atrovent)

and Aminophylline leukotriene receptor antagonist

Leukotriene

Antagonist

Cysteinyl

I 5-lipoxygenase Oi-sodium

inhibitor Comoglycate (Intal)

Mast cell stabilizers

H Anti-inflammatory

drugs

Ketotifen (aditen)

Corticosteroids Ammonium Carbonate & Bromhexine IV Oxygen Inhalation

H Expectorants

& Mucolytics

Respiration

Cyanide Poisoning

~ long treatment

I Na thiosulphate

Na Nitrate I Amyl Nitrate

l Methylene

blue or Vit C

H short

Hydroxocoalamine method Oicobalt Edentate

peripheral

demulcents Benzonatate high addictive morphine, dihydromorphine, heroin, metahdone

Anti-tussive (cough suppresants)

narcotic

low addictive

codeine,

dihydrocodeineone, narcotine,

pholcodaine

central opiate derivatives non-narcotic non-opiate derivatives Oextrometrophan

Cough Therapy

Benzonatate, Caramiphan, Oiphendyramine, Oxeladine

~
Mucolytics Agents

Bromhexine Carboxymethylcysteine Acetyl Cysteine alkaline expectorants sedative Expectorants )Na+ K+ Acetate, Bicarbonate, Benzoate, Citrate

Nauseant expectorants Saline expectorants Na+ I K+ Iodide

stimulant

cresosote,

guaiacol. terpene hydrate

.T~a
ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC PANELIST

phenanterane group of alkaloid

phenanterane

group

Morphine Codeine

depressant effect stimulant effect

Papaverine L-:-B,"e'_"nz""YLr:=ls-=o~q",ui",n:=occlin-,-e'-------1r N . oscoplne Semi-synthetic Morphine derivatives =_......._........_=----='-'-=-"-'-'=-=-----j Meperidine Morphine codeine Di-Acetyl Morphine (Heroin) Apomorphine

f._'-'......."...':'.l.'.'" ......

Morphine subs.

Opoid narcotic analgesic

I-

full agonist:

partial agonist: antagonist:

Naloxone Butorphanol narcotic analgesic Buprenorphin Nalorphine Lellorphan

~ another

}Mixed agonist - antagonist

naloxone narcotic antagonist naltrexone Nallorphinen-d-Pentazocine levallorphan

local use Salicylates

Salicylic acid r Methyl salicylate Sodium salicylate

eNS (1)
(Analgesic Drug)
non-selective COX inhibitor

systemic use

r Acetyl

I Salicylamide

salicylic "Aspirin"

Aniline derivatives aminopyrine

f-'-1'..""="""""".=-=.._.-o.::...:_==-_ Phenylobutazone
Non-steroidal } anti-inflammaroty -,-(N_S_A_I_D_s),--~ ~'-..._C_d:_::ru."-'g_s Indole derivatives Oxphenbutazone Indomethacin Sulindac Diclofenac

Pyrazolone derivatives

Dipyrone

Arylacetic acid derivatives

Antipyretic Analgesic

}
selective COX2 inhibitor

Celecoxib Rofecoxib Meloxicam Nimesulide gold salt Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine

D-penicillamine Methotrexate colchicine and demeclocine

drug in acute stage }

r NSAID

Slow Acting Anti Rheumatic Drug (SAAR OS)

I steroids
Salicylates (large dose) Probenecid in large dose Sulphinopyrazone Phenylbutazone and

GOUT uricosuric prophylaxis

inhibit uric acid synthesis

Allopurinol

ong acting
ZAGFIZIG FlCADEMIC PANELIST

Phenobarbitone Amobarbitone

intermediate acting short acting

Pentobarbitone Secobarbitone Thiobarbitone Thiopentone Toxicity Diazepam, Cholorodizepoxide, Chlorazepate, Flurazepam, Nitrazepam, Clonazepam Oxazepam, Lorazepam, Temazepam, Alprazolam

~ Barbiturates

f-}-=':_:_::C_:_::C::_:C""-_

ultra short

Acute Barbiturate

accoding to duration of action

long acting

intermediate

Sedative, Hypnotics, Anxiolytics Drugs

short
-

Triazolam, Midazolam in body not actiated in body

according to activation in body H Benzodiazepines f-~=-=-::_:_::C~__:_:C-=-=~=-=~C_:_::_::_::"----_

minor tranquilizing hypnotic according to use antiepileptic antispasticity general anasthesia advantage of benzodiazepine over barbiturates

H Chloral Hydrate (Noctec) H Paraldehyde

Glutethimide

eNS (II)

Morphine

H Others l-

Thalidomide Methyprylone Ethyl Alcohol Bromide Chloropromazine Phenothiazine group Promazine Thioridazine Trifluoperazine Droperidol, Haloperidol, Trifluoperidol

r---:_:_::C_:_::_C~:=_'-'--'~_::COC_--1

Typical Butyrophenones Thioxanthines Atypical

Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone, Sulpride

Benzodiazepine

r-T-r-a-n-q-u-i-I i-z-e-r-s~}-~

Non-benzodiazepine

I Buspirone

Mepbromate

l Non Benzodiazepine
I Atropine

(82) GABA Agonist

Anticholinergic drugs

Atropine & Hyoscine subs

lAntihistaminic
Tolcapone Ergolines Bromocryptine Amantidine Selegiline

Levodopa (L Dopa)

UlAntiparkinsonian Drug

}-

Dopaminergic drugs

Pramipexol and Ropinirol

ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC

PANELIST

Grand Mal epilepsy Methyl-xanthines Cocaine Atropine, Amphetamine, Methylphenidate Pentylene Tetrazole Picrotoxin Bemegride (Megimide) Indirect Nikethamide (Coramine) Doxapram (Dopram) Carbogen Camphor Strychnine Spinal cord} { Hallucinogens} Dual --{ Brain stem } (Analeptics) Direct

r{ types

of epilepsy

Petit Mal epilepsy Myoclonic epilepsy

1 stimulant

( Cerebral

Diphenyl hydantoin (Phenytoin) Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Phenobarbitone

Ethosuximide (Zarontin)

eNS stimulant

eNS (III)

It

Antiseizure Drugs (Antiepileptics)

I--

Sodium valporate (Depakine)

ID-

Acetazolamide (Diamox) Lamotrigine Vigabatrin new anti-epileptic drugs Gabepentin Felbamate Tiagabine Topiramate

Y Status Epilepticus
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA) ~ Old "traditional"

Lithium Carbonate ~

Mood Stabilizer (Antimanic)

I J

Tetracyclic Antidepressants (HCA) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIS)

Antidepressants

}-{

Serotonin Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) Novel "New" Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI) Bupropion

'{ Atypical

Trazodone

.T~a
ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC PANELIST

Volatile liquid

Ethers Halogenated

gases

Nitrous oxide Cyclopropane

Barbiturates

General

Benzodiazepines

'f Intra-venous}Balanced

Opoid AnalgesIc Propofol Ketamine, (Ketalar) others: Droperidol

~ analgesia (induction)

~------------------~

Signs and Stages of Anasthesia (Guedel's sign)

r-

H excitement

(delirium)

N surgical

~==~-------,

medullary depression

eNS (IV)
(Anasthesia)
examination and preparation of patient

complete medical exam.

lab. test night of operation

H medication proper
Pre-Anasthetic Medication

narcotic analgesic Barbiturates Non Barbiturate sedative

lr drugs used before I 1anasthesia J

Tranquilizers Parasympatholytics Basal anasthetics Anasth. Adjuvants

H Natural alkaloid
Local }-

cocaine

Lidocaine Tetracaine & Procaine

H synthetic l

J~f-=-__!__---

Bupivacaine Ropivacaine Mopivacaine

{ HMG CoA reducatase inhibitors bile acids binding resins { fibric acid derivatives {niacin Ezetimibe Neomycin B-Sitosterol Probucol D-thyroxin Estrogens iron deficiency anemia pernicious anemia aplastic anemia (agranulocytosis) Methemoglobinemia iron ~ chelators cyanocobalamine (vit B12) folic acid

J J

ZAGFIZIG

ACADEMIC

-.

PAN

Hyperlipidemia
interfere with ionized Ca2+ Heparin direct acting Heparin derivatives LMWHs

cholesterol absorption inhibitors

}
Anticoagulants }-

Indirect acting (oral)

Coumarins Indandione

Dicoumarol, Biscoumacetate, Warfarin, Cyclocoumarol Phenindione, Dephenadione Lepirudin

Htypes of anemia

-{
Hdrugs}

Antianemic drugs

J\
Blood

1 thrombin inhibitors J- Argatroban Direct

Ximelagetram Vitamin K Thromboplastin "coagulin"

Bivalirudin

{ Aminocaproic Acid & Tranexamic acid Sclerosing agents

Antifibrinolytics

1/~
Coagulants

1 Systemic

Fresh blood transfusion }others

{Streptokinase

r
}

}~

lVit C

Antihemophilic globulin

I Protamine sulphate
Adrenaline and

{ Urokinase } { Tissue Plasminogen Activator

" J
}

Thrombolytics & Fibrinolytics

local agent Vasoconstrictor: Noradrenaline Astringent Physical method

Aspirin Dipyridamol (persantin) { Triclopidine - Clopidogrel { Abciximab - Tirofiban - Eptifibatide - Integrelin { Sulphinopyrazone (Anturan) Dextran - Heparin - Pentoxifylline Nifedipine - Clofibrate (aromid S) Prostacyclin PGI2 Blood.mma - 29/5/2011
- Mindiet

Anti-Platelet } Antithrombotic

}H

}
r

FlZIG ACADEMIC PANELIST

_.

~
phenmetrazine Sibutramine Orlistat

proton pump inhibitor

Omeprazole

I Lansoprazole

IRabeprazole

noradrenergic pathway

anticholinergic central peripheral

I Telenzapine
I Pirenzepine
Proglumide

Propantheline and

serotoninergic and noradrenergic pathway

~ rf Antisecretory
sialagogues drug

pilocarpine morphine atropine and ganglion blocker antisialagogue stomachics

1-

gastrin antagonist

I Somatostatin

I Octreotide

Prostaglandins

Misoprostol Cimetidine

--{ others
H2 blockers

Famotidine Ranitidine Nizatidine

j carminatives j GIT
antispasmodic cholgogues { hepatotosic drug hydrophilic granules -> Agar Saline purgatives lactulose

Peptic Ulcer

}systemic chemical

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHC03) Magnesium salt

I[local

I Aluminium

I I

Bulk forming laxatives

~ --l Physical
~ physical

I Calcium

salt

salt gastric mucin

agent forming colloid solutions

liquid paraffin dioctyl Sodium Sulphosuccinate glycerin suppositories evacuate enema figs and prunes Phenolphthalein Bisacodyl Anthacine derivatives Castar oil jalap, croton oil adn colocynth treatment of cause Bismuth, chalk, kaolin, charcoal pectin (apple and carrot) cholera severe irritant (drastic) moderate mild Lubricant

I I anion

I aluminum hydroxide gel I magnesium trisilicate

exchange resins Sucralfate (Gastrofate)

Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT)

~ Mucosal Protective Barrier

f-

Prostaglandins (Misoprostol) Colloid Bismuth Subcitrate Carbenoxolone Sodium (Biogastrone)

'I Eredication
--{ chemical irritant

of H. pylori Hyoscine

~
--{ Laxatives

Y
central

Antihistaminic (H1 blocker) Phenothiazine Butyrophenone Metoclopramide (primperan) Dopaminergic antagonist Domperidone (motilium) Sui pride Glucocorlicoids { Antiemetics Agents Pyridoxine (vit B6) Nabilone and Dronabinol Ondansetron dopamine antagonist peripheral prokinetics drugs Cisapride Motilin like agents Central apomorphine rapid acting slow acting Erythromycin Metoclopramide

specific treatment

adsorbants GIT protectives absorbants astrigents non specific (sympatomatic) anti-motility agent --{ treatment of } diarrhea

}-

Vomiting

Diphenoxylate (Lomotil) Loperamide (Imodium) Atropine and subs. Alkaloid of opium correction of dehydration and electrolyte disturbance

I Dompridone ~

Emetics Agents

peripheral

ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC

PANELIST

Growth hormones Gonadotropin releasing

(GH)

hormones

1types
IPituitary
Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones

of DM

_G_o_n_a_d_ot_ro--,p_i_ns_in_c_lu_d_e_F_S_H_.,_L_H_+-If Anterior Prolactin Thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) Posterior Pituitary

S
~~
Pancreatic Hormones }and Antidiabetic drugs

1 Insulin receptor

Antidiuretics Oxytocin

Hormone (Pictocin)

If Hyperglycemic Coma rl (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)

Insulin Sulphonylurea ,s_e_c_re_t-,ag~o~g~u_e_s_--ll D.phenylalanine (Nateglinide "Starlix")

1 Anabolic
monophasic biphasic triphasic pills pills pills

steroids

IIl

~~~ildiabetic agents

}-I

Biguanides

IllI1n~sullllllrin1_-S""eElln~s>llit[l2iz~e'r:rs'__r...:.T.:_:h,-= Acarbose

t-

I
[

combined

a-Glucosidase

Inhibitors

sequential Progesterone Oestrogen alone single

H Hormonal

Contraceptives

1 Thyroid

hormones Thioamides (Thiourea, Thiouracil)

alone (Post coital)

rEd n ocrma I Drugs .

'------CIT"~C-----,~ [

Thyroid and Antithyroid drugs

Parenteral

[Iodide 10A~ntllilith~y~ro~idddr~ug~s~~~~ Radioactive

Iodine

Aldosterone Desoxycorticosterone Hydorcortisone prednisolone· methyl prednisolone· Dexamethazone (D.O.C) short acting Minrelacorticoids ~

Parathyroid glands

Hypoparathyrodism Hyperparathyrodism

+ cortisone
prednisone

triamcinolone . Betamethazone

intermediate Glucocorticoids long acting ~ -{

Ad renocortical hormones
~-------~

Agents affecting Calcium Haemostasis

~-----------~

j 1Calcitonin

L1

1Vitamin

D hormone

Parathyroid

Raloxifene Danazol

Selective Estrogen -Receptor Modulators (SERMs)

1Non

hormonal

agents

Oestrogen Gonadal hormones

Mifepristone

Anti-Progesterone

male sex hormones

Testosterone androsterone

Progesterone

ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC

PANELIST

Sulphonamide Penicilin G J r lnarrow

JI--~_::_O::_:_:_::::-=-cJ=-=C:_:_::--'--'--=-:_''''-''-'-'-'----

Cephalosporins (1st gen) Erythromycin

Spectrum

}-

Streptomycin Chloramphenicol

I Tetracyclines

lQuinolones
}1 kill bacteria '1 inhibit bacteria

Penicillns, Quinolones, Cephalosporins, Erythromycin, Aminoglycosides Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, Sulphonamide

ability

Cycloserine Vancomycin & Bacitracin Penicillin

{ cell wall r

synthesis inhibitors

I--

Cephalosporins B-Lactam Antibiotics *B-Iactamase inhibitors Monobactams Carbapenems

I
General Chemotherapy
Macrolide antibiotics Clindamycin

I Clarithomycin

Erythromycin

'-------,--------~____j{

(Chemotherapeutic agents classified according to)

I azithromycin
Streptomycin

mechanism

of action

}-

Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors

I--

Aminoglycosides Chloramphenicol Tetracycline

I Gentamicin

I Neomycin

& Kanamycin

Deoxycycline Vibramycin direct Quinolone l Fluorquinolones Sulphonamides

lJ Nucleic acid Il synthesis inhibitors

Increase permeability of cytoplasmic membrane

indirect

Polymixin B

~ Sulphonamides ~ Quinolones Penicillins

Chemotherapy of Urinary Tract Infection

~----------------------~

}-

~ Antibiotics

I Cepalosporins

I Aminoglycosides
Nitrofurantoin Nalidixic acid Mandelic acid Methamine

y Antiseptic f-

Oseltamivir and Zanavir

Neuroaminidase .I In hibitnors inhibitors uncoating of viral

~
--{ respiratory virus infection }

ZAGFIZIG

FlCADEMIC PANELIST

-.

Amantidine Rimantidine

Ribavirin Interferon Lamivudine Adfovir Entecavir Acyclovir Herpes nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (N RTls) treat AIDS non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTls) protease inhibitors Dapsone Clofazimine Leprosy Isoniazid virus infections --{ hepatic viral infection

1Nystatin

}
}

1Amphotericin
Antifungal

H Antiviral
}-

1Flucytosine
{ Imidazole derivatives

1Griseofulvin

Azoles Miconazoles & Clotrimazole

Ketoconazoles latraconazole Fluconazole

H HIV

infection

r r
{ Antituberculous }-

Rifampicin first line drugs Streptomycin Ethambutamol Pyrazinamide Second line

Chloroquine 4-Aminoquinolines Primaquine 8-Aminoquinoline Proguanil, Pyrimethamine Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors

r r H Anti-Malaria
}

Special Chemotherapy

Diloxanide {Luminal Amebicidal

furoate 8 Hydroxyquinolines

Mebendazole, Albendazole, Pyarantel pamoate, Levamisole

Ascaris round worm

Chemo. of Amebiasis

}-

I Antibiotic

Halogenated

amebicidal sulphate Alkaloid Tinidazole

Chloroquine ~ Tissue { Amebicidal Ipecaucuanha

Mebendazole, Pyarantel pamoate, Levamisole

Ankylostoma duodenale Enterobius pin worm Stronglyoides thread worm

}
}
r r r

Mixed Amebicide (luminal and tissue)

Metronidazole,

Mebendazole,

Pyrantel

pamoate,

Albendazole

1Praziquantel
Anti-bilharzial drug

Mebendazole,

Abendazole

}H Anti-Helminthics

}- H

H Oxamniquine
Metrifonate

H Niridazole

Praziquantel,

Niclosamide Taenia Praziquantel Taenia solium saginata

Praziquantel,

Niclosamide Hymenolepis nana

~ Dimercaprol
ZAGFIZIG ACADEMIC PANELIST

K Di-Sodium
Chelating Agents
'-------_______/

Edetate

c------K Calcium disodium edetate

K Dicobalt edetate
D-penicillamine

insulin large dose

Hypokalaemia

H causes }-

catecholamine (82 agonist) K+ losing diuretics Hyperaldosteronims, liquorice, carbenoxolone

Miscillaneous

impaired renal function 82 blockers and digitalis 81 blockers and NSAI Ds ACEI (Captopril) Succinycholine Spironolactone Acidosis Hypoaldosteronism
Miscillaneous.mma - 30/5/2011 - Mindiet

Hyperkalaemia

Hcauses }-