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Chap 2

This document outlines the key principles and processes of sociological research. It discusses how sociological research derives knowledge from direct observation and questioning common assumptions. The research process involves selecting a topic, conducting a literature review, developing key questions, considering ethics, collecting and analyzing data, and publishing findings. It also notes some limitations of social research and the importance of protecting research subjects.

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68 views8 pages

Chap 2

This document outlines the key principles and processes of sociological research. It discusses how sociological research derives knowledge from direct observation and questioning common assumptions. The research process involves selecting a topic, conducting a literature review, developing key questions, considering ethics, collecting and analyzing data, and publishing findings. It also notes some limitations of social research and the importance of protecting research subjects.

Uploaded by

api-26142417
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A LOGICAL SYSTEM THAT DERIVES KNOWLEDGE

FROM DIRECT, SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION


A LOGICAL SYSTEM THAT DERIVES KNOWLEDGE
FROM DIRECT, SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION

• COMMON SENSE VS. SCIENCE


• POOR PEOPLE ARE MORE LIKELY THAN RICH PEOPLE TO BREAK THE LAW
– YES, BUT WE TEND TO PROSECUTE THE POOR MORE, AND WE CREATE LAWS THAT
SEEM TO ENSURE WE WILL PROSECUTE THE POOR MORE OFTEN

• MOST POOR PEOPLE IGNORE OPPORTUNITIES TO WORK


– IT IS TRUE FOR SOME, BUT NOT ALL POOR PEOPLE, AND KEEP IN MIND THAT HALF OF
THOSE CLASSIFIED AS POOR ARE NOT EXPECTED TO BE WORKING (E.G., CHILDREN,
THE ELDERLY, ETC.)

• WORLDWIDE, MOST PEOPLE MARRY BECAUSE THEY ARE IN LOVE


– IN MOST SOCIETIES, MARRIAGE HAS LITTLE TO DO WITH LOVE
TO BEGIN WITH, THERE ARE JUST
TWO SIMPLE REQUIREMENTS:
• LOOK AT THE WORLD USING THE
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
– ONE SEES A VARIETY OF SOCIAL
BEHAVIORS THAT CALL OUT FOR
FURTHER INVESTIGATION
• BE CURIOUS AND ASK QUESTIONS
– TAKE OFF THE “SOCIAL BLINDERS”
THAT STOP MAKING ONE CURIOUS
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
• SELECT AND DEFINE TOPIC
• LITERATURE REVIEW IS
CONDUCTED
• ASSESS REQUIREMENTS FOR
STUDY
• DEVELOP KEY QUESTIONS TO ASK
• CONSIDER ETHICAL ISSUES
• DEVISE A RESEARCH STRATEGY
• COLLECT THE DATA
• INTERPRET THE FINDINGS
• STATE CONCLUSIONS
• PUBLISH THE FINDINGS
Sociological Investigation FOR SYSTEMATICALLY
CARRYING OUT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

• EXPERIMENTS
• OBSERVATIONS STUDIES
- Non-participant observation study
- Participant observation study
- Case study
• SURVEYS
– Questionnaires and interviews
– Impressionistic research
• ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
• ACTION RESEARCH
SOCIAL RESEARCH HAS LIMITATIONS
• HUMANS ARE TOO COMPLEX TO
PRECISELY PREDICT ACTIONS
• HAWTHORNE EFFECT ON SUBJECTS
• THE AMOUNT OF DIVERSITY AND
SOCIAL CHANGE FOUND IN SOCIETY
RESULTS IN CONTINUAL CHANGE
• TRUE OBJECTIVITY IS DIFFICULT, IF
NOT IMPOSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE
RESEARCH CAN BE HARMFUL AS WELL AS HELPFUL
TO SUBJECTS AND THE COMMUNITIES IN WHICH THEY LIVE

• FINDINGS MUST BE DISCLOSED IN FULL WITHOUT OMITTING


SIGNIFICANT DATA
• RESEARCHERS MUST BE WILLING TO SHARE THEIR DATA
WITH OTHERS WHO WISH TO REVIEW IT
• PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS AND PRIVACY OF THE SUBJECTS
TAKING PART
• SUBJECTS ARE ENTITLED TO CONFIDENTIALITY
• SUBJECTS MUST BE MADE AWARE OF THE TRUE PURPOSE OF
RESEARCH
• MAINTAIN AN AWARENESS OF THE DANGERS FOR SUBJECTS
IN CERTAIN RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTS

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