SITE VISIT REPORT
Site Address: Grand Kalyan society, Kanchanwadi , Aurangabad .
Date: November 24, 2018
Subject Teacher: Prof. P. G. Sonar
Report:-
We are the students of Second Year Civil Engineering visited the
undergoing construction site which is located at Kanchanwadi, Aurangabad. As a
part of curriculum it is necessary to understand the various components of building
therefore we visited this site whose construction is in progress and the aim to collect
the actual site practices and try to impart them with the curriculum. Department of
Civil Engineering arranged this site visit for us. We got necessary knowledge at the
site from our departmental faculty members and also from Site Engineer.
We observed many building components such as beams, columns, slab,
stair case, brick masonry, etc. It is the construction of a residential building and the
structure is a framed structure. In the brick masonry single Flemish bond is used for
exterior walls and stretcher bond is used for internal walls. For waterproofing of the
WC and bathrooms sunk slab was prepared. The lintels are casted at site itself at this
site .The reinforcement bars used are of diameter 6 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm . The
specification for the concrete components are as follows:
Column : 230 mm X 1200 mm
Beam : 230 mm X 450 mm
Tread : 270 mm
Riser : 150 mm
Width of stair : 1 m
Thickness of wall : 230 mm
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The specification and Information about the various concrete component are as
follows:
1) Column: - Compression members are structural elements that are pushed
together or carry a load, more technically they are subjected only to
axial compressive forces. That is, the loads are applied on the longitudinal axis
through the centroid of the member cross section, and the load over the cross
sectional area gives the stress on the compressed member. In
buildings posts and columns are almost always compression members as are
the top chord of trusses. Columns are frequently used to
support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In
architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain
proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative
element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are "engaged", that is
to say form part of the wall. The specification of column is 230mm X 1200mm.
Fig: - Column
2) Beam: - A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied
laterally to the beam's axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The
loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support points.
The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear
forces and bending moments within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses,
strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are characterized by their manner of
support, profile (shape of cross-section), length, and their material.
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Beams are traditionally descriptions of building or civil engineering structural
elements, but any structures such as automotive automobile frames, aircraft
components, machine frames, and other mechanical or structural systems contain
beam structures that are designed to carry lateral loads are analyzed in a similar
fashion. The specification of beam is 230mm X 450mm.
Fig: - Beam
3) Staircase: - A stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs, or simply stairs, is a
construction designed to bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into
smaller vertical distances called steps. Stairs may be straight, round, or may
consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.
Each step is composed of tread and riser.
Trade: - The part of the stairway that is stepped on. It is constructed to the
same specifications e.g. 270mm as any other flooring. The tread "depth"
is measured from the outer edge of the step to the vertical "riser" between
steps. The "width" is measured from one side to the other.
Rise: - The vertical portion between each tread on the stair having size e.g.
150mm. This may be missing for an "open" stair effect.
Fig: - Staircase.
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4) Wall:-The purposes of the walls in buildings are to
support roofs, floors and ceilings; to enclose a space as part of the building
envelope along with a roof to give buildings form; and to provide shelter and
security. In addition, the wall may house various types of utilities such
as electrical wiring or plumbing. Wall construction falls into two basic
categories: framed walls or mass-walls. In framed walls the load is transferred to
the foundation through posts, columns or studs. Framed walls most often have
three or more separate components: the structural elements (such as 2×4 studs in
a house wall), insulation, and finish elements or surfaces (such
as drywall or panelling). Mass-walls are of a solid material
including masonry, concrete including slip form stone masonry, log
building, cordwood construction, adobe, rammed earth, cob, earthbag
construction, bottles, tin cans, straw-bale construction, and ice.
Fig: - Wall
On an account of their uniform size and shape the brick can arrange in a variety
of pattern giving rise to different types of bond. The essential to eliminate
continuous vertical joints in the body as well as in the force of wall there by
imparting strength to masonry.
Following are the different types of bond:-
a. English bond.
b. Flemish bond.
c. Stretcher bond.
d. Header bond.
a. English bond: - This bond consist of alternate course of header and stretcher.
It most commonly used for all wall thickness.
b. Flemish bond: - In the arrangement of bonding brick work each course consist
of alternate header and stretcher.
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c. Stretcher bond: - In this arrangement of bonding all the bricks are laid as
stretcher. This bond used for walls which have thickness of half brick i.e. 9cm.
d. Header: - In this type of bonding all the bricks are laid as header on the faces.
This bond are used only when thickness of wall is equal to one brick.
Fig: - Flemish bond. Fig: - Stretcher bond.
5) Lintel: - It is a horizontal member which is rested on or above the door and
window. Which is help to support and carry the load which are coming on wall.
Fig: - Lintel.
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Brick Masonry
Raking Back Formwork for lintel
Sunk Slab Lintel Reinforcement
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Fig:- Construction site photograph.
Group Photograph of students at site with faculty
We would like to thanks our Head of the department, Teaching and
Non-Teaching staff for the arranging this site visit.
Student Sign
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