Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts

PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning

Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

The Cordillera
Administrative Region (CAR) was
established on July 15, 1987 through
executive Order No. 220 issued by
President Corazon Aquino. It is the
only land-locked region of the
Philippines. The region consists of the
provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet,
Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province
and Apayao. The regional center is the
Chartered City of Baguio, officially
known as the Summer Capital of the
Philippines. Its rugged terrain and
breath-taking topography have been
home to the sturdy and industrious
indigenous tribes collectively called
the Igorot, while its climate has bred an
equally unique culture distinct from
that of the country's lowland colonized regions. It is located in the North-Central part of Luzon and
encompasses most of the areas within the Cordillera Central mountain range of Luzon. It is bounded by
Ilocos Norte and Cagayan in the North, Pangasinan and Nueva Vizcaya in the South, Cagayan Valley in
the East, and the Ilocos Region in the West.

It has a mountainous topography and dubbed as

the "Watershed Cradle of North Luzon" as it hosts nine
major rivers that provide continuous water for irrigation
and energy for Northern Luzon. The region is rich in
natural resources and has abundant mineral reserves.
Gold, copper, silver, and zinc are among the metallic
ores that can be found in the region. Non-metallic
reserves include sand, gravel, and sulfur. Although
mineral reserves are found all over the region, mining
is concentrated in Benguet. Majority of Cordillera’s
population engage in farming and small-scale
production. Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is
rich in ancient culture. It is the home of the indigenous
tribe called the Igorot. Cordillera also has various
festivals, these includes the Panagbenga or Baguio
Flower Festival celebrated every February. The festival
highlights are the flower exhibits, garden tours, floral
competition, and parade of floats. Other festivals in the
region include the Ulalim Festival in Kalinga, Lang-ay
Festival in Mountain Province, Banaue Imbayah
Festival, and the Tabuk Matagoan Festival.

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Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts
PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning
Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

LAW CREATING THE REGION

Republic Act No. 8438 dated December 22, 1997 created the Cordillera Autonomous Region.
In January 1998, a group of lawyers challenged the constitutionality of the act. A plebiscite held on March
9 of the same year was held and invalidated the act. The region was created but reduced to a regular
administrative region.

PURPOSES FOR THEIR CREATION

On July 15, 1987, Executive Order No. 220 was issued creating the Cordillera Administrative
Region. It is composed of provinces which used to be part of the Old Mountain Province. Republic Act No.
6766 was passed on October 23, 1989. It provided for an Organic Act for the Cordillera Autonomous
Region. It mandates the creation of an autonomous government to be headed by a Regional Governor.
It creates a Regional Assembly that will enact laws of regional application and a regional
judiciary composed of a supreme court and lower courts. The act also directs the proposed autonomous
government in the Cordillera to exercise governmental functions, including the raising of taxes, but
excluding defense, foreign affairs and monetary functions. However, the Constitution requires that the act
has to be ratified by the people in a plebiscite. It was originally scheduled on December 27 of the same year
but was reset to January 30 the following by virtue of the Commission on Elections. During the said
plebiscite, it was only Ifugao which voted favorably. Republic Act No. 8438 dated December 22, 1997
created the Cordillera Autonomous Region. In January 1998, a group of lawyers challenged the
constitutionality of the act. A plebiscite held on March 9 of the same year was held and invalidated the act.
The region was created but reduced to a regular administrative region.

PROVINCE OF ABRA
POPULATION. The population of Abra in
the 2015 census was 241,160 people, with a density
of 58 inhabitants per square kilometre or 150
inhabitants per square mile. Abra's inhabitants are
mostly descendants of Ilocano settlers and members
of the Tingguian tribe.
AREA. Abra has a total land area of
4,165.25 square kilometres or 1,608.21 square miles.
MAJOR PRODUCTS. As of 1990, there
were 743 cottage industries in Abra, of which 208 are
registered with the Department of Trade and
Industry. 59% are engaged
in bamboo and rattan craft making, both leading
industries in the area. Abra's economy is agriculture-
based. Its major crops are rice, corn, and vegetables,
root crops; commercial products include coffee,
tobacco, and coconut. Extensive grassland and
pasture areas are used for livestock production.

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Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts
PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning
Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURES.
As of December 31, 2007 the Abra Electric Cooperative was able to energize 301 barangays of
the province’s 303 total barangays. Based on the same data, most of these barangays had grid household
connection types while the rest was solar, generator set, micro-hydro and ISECO (Ilocos Sur Electric
Cooperative).
There are seven (7) existing arterial national roads in the province, all of which are maintained by
the Department of Public Works and Highways-Abra. The Abra-Ilocos Sur and Abra-Kalinga national
roads are the two (2) major lines traversing the province. The other national roads (Abra-Cervantes and
Abra-Ilocos Norte roads) are being also used.
The largest water service provider in the province is the Metro Bangued Water District (MBWD)
with the use of a spring source located at Lusuac, Peňarrubia. It covers the municipalities of Peňarrubia,
Bangued, Pidigan and Tayum.
PROTECTED AREAS.
Cassamata Hill National Park is a protected area of the Philippines located in the municipality of
Bangued, Abra in the Cordillera Administrative Region. The park covers an area of 57 hectares (140 acres)
and was declared a protected area in 1974.
Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park (also known as Mount Balbalasang National Park) is
a protected area of the Philippineslocated in the municipality of Balbalan, Kalinga in the Cordillera
Administrative Region. The park covers an area of 1,338 hectares and is centered on Mount Balbalasang in
the barangay of the same name near the provincial border with Abra. Dubbed the "green heart of the
Cordillera", the park is representative of the rich biodiversity and landscape of this mountain region with
some of the most intact pine forests and richly endemic flora and fauna. It was declared a national park in
1972 by virtue of Republic Act No. 6463.

PROVINCE OF IFUGAO
POPULATION. The population of Ifugao in the 2015 census was 202,802 people, with a density
of 77 inhabitants per square kilometre or 200 inhabitants per square mile.
AREA. Ifugao covers a total area of 2,628.21 square kilometres (1,014.76 sq mi) occupying the
southeastern section of the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon.
MAJOR PRODUCTS. The province's soil is suitable for a variety of agricultural crops and the use
of terracing and sloping land agriculture enables Ifugao to make use of 20 up to 30% of its land area for
agriculture. Rice is the main product of the land and coffee is the most important commercial produce.
MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURES.
Magat Dam is a large rock-fill dam in the
island of Luzon in the Philippines. The dam is on
the Magat River, a major tributary of Cagayan River.
Construction of the dam started in 1975 and was
completed in 1982. Magat Dam is one of the largest
dams in the Philippines. It is a multi-purpose dam which
is used primarily for irrigating about 85,000 hectares
(210,000 acres) of agricultural lands, flood control, and
power generation through the Magat Hydroelectric
Power Plant.

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Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts
PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning
Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

PROTECTED AREAS.
The Banaue Rice Terraces are terraces that were carved into
the mountains of Ifugao in the Philippines by the ancestors of
the indigenous people. The terraces are occasionally called the "Eighth
Wonder of the World". It is commonly thought that the terraces were
built with minimal equipment, largely by hand. The terraces are located
approximately 1, 500 metres (4,900 feet) above sea level.

Mount Pulag is Luzon’s highest peak at 2,926 metres (9,600 ft)

above sea level. The borders between the provinces of Benguet, Ifugao,
and Nueva Vizcaya meet at the mountain's peak. It is the third highest
mountain in the Philippines, next to Mount Apo and Mount Dulang-
dulang. Mount Pulag is famous for its "sea of clouds" and the view of
the Milky Way Galaxy at dawn, which has attracted many tourists who
wish to see the "other-worldly" scenery.

PROVINCE OF BENGUET
POPULATION. The population of Benguet in the 2015 census was 446,224 people, making it
the most populous province in the region. It had a density of 160 inhabitants per square kilometer or 410
inhabitants per square mile. If the highly urbanized city of Baguio is included for geographical purposes,
the population is 791,590, with a density of 280/km2 (725/sq mi).
AREA. Benguet covers an area of 2,769.08 square kilometres
(1,069.15 sq mi) occupying the southwestern tip of the Cordillera
Administrative Region. If Baguio City is included for geographical purposes,
the total area of Benguet is 2,826.59 square kilometers (1,091.35 sq mi).
MAJOR PRODUCTS. Major crops produced which
include potatoes, Baguio beans, peas, strawberries, cabbage, broccoli,
cauliflower, lettuce, sayote, carrotsare shipped throughout the country.
Agriculture, mining, and tourism are the major industries in Benguet. It’s
cool climate and high altitude has made it an ideal place for producing
highland vegetables. Benguet is often called the Salad Bowl of the
Philippines.
MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURES. Burnham Park, officially
known as the Burnham Park Reservation, is a historic urban
park located in downtown Baguio, Philippines. It was designed by
American architect and Baguio city planner, Daniel Burnham who is also
the namesake of the park.

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Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts
PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning
Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

Our Lady of the Atonement Cathedral,

better known as Baguio Cathedral, is a Roman
Catholic cathedral located at Cathedral Loop adjacent
to Session Road in Baguio, the Philippines, and is
the see of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Baguio.
Dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary under
the title of Our Lady of Atonement, its distinctive pink
exterior, twin spires and stained glass windows make it
a popular tourist attraction in Baguio. It served as an
evacuation center under the Japanese
Occupation during Second World War.
The Mansion House (also known as The
Mansion) is the official summer palace of the President
of the Philippines. The mansion is located in
the summer capital of the country, Baguio, situated
around 5,000 feet (1,500 m) as in the Cordillera Central
Range of northern Luzon.
The Lions Head is a statue along Kennon
Road, a major highway in Luzon, Philippines that leads
to the city of Baguio. Located in Camp 6, the Lion's
Head measures 40 ft (12 m) in height. It was
conceptualized by the Lions Club members of Baguio,
during the term of Luis Lard Izabal as mayor of Baguio from 1969 to 1970 and as the club's president, to
become the club's symbol or imprint in the area.
Ambuklao Dam is part of a hydroelectric facility in Brgy. Ambuclao, Bokod, Benguet province in
the Philippines. With maximum water storage capacity of 327,170,000 cubic metres (265,240 acre⋅ft), the
facility, which is located 36 km (22 mi) from Baguio city, can produce up to 105 megawatts of electricity
to Luzon grid. The main source of water comes from the Agno River which originates from Mt. Data.
PROTECTED AREAS.
Agno River or Pangasinan River is a river on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Traversing
the provinces of Benguet and Pangasinan, it is one of the largest river systems in the country with a drainage
area of 5,952 km². It originates in the Cordillera Mountains and empties into the South China Sea via
the Lingayen Gulf. The river is 206 km long. Roughly 2 million people live in the Agno River Valley and
it comprises one of Philippines' larger population clusters.The river is dammed by three hydroelectric
power plants; the Ambuklao Dam in Bokod, the Binga Dam in Itogon, and the San Roque Dam in San
Manuel.
Aspiras–Palispis Highway (also known as Marcos Highway and the Agoo–Baguio Road) is
a Philippine major highway in northern Luzon that runs from the city of Baguio to
the municipality of Agoo in the province of La Union. The 47.17-kilometre (29.31 mi) highway traverses
the municipality of Tuba in Benguet, and the municipalities of Pugo, Tubao, and Agoo in La Union.
SPECIAL PROJECTS.
Support Services to Special Projects:
- Counterpart to special project and activities (CHARM2 Project)
- Preparation of Feasibility Studies
- Barangay profiling and inventory of infrastructure facilities
- Barangay waterworks program and development projects

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Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts
PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning
Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

PROVINCE OF APAYAO
POPULATION. The population of Apayao in the 2015 census was
119,184 people, with a density of 27 inhabitants per square kilometre or
70 inhabitants per square mile.

AREA. Apayao is basically situated within the Cordillera

Central mountains, traversed by many rivers. The province covers an
area of 4,413.35 square kilometers (1,704.00 sq mi) forming the northern
tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region, and is bounded on the north
and east by Cagayan, west by Ilocos Norte, southwest by Abra and south
by Kalinga.

MAJOR PRODUCTS. Apayao is devoted to agricultural

production, particularly food and industrial crops such as palay, corn,
coffee, root crops and vegetables. Fruits produced

include lanzones, citrus, bananas and pineapples, durian, santol, rambutan, coconut and mangos
teens. Rice production totaled 98,489 metric tons in 2011. Economic activity is also based
on livestock and poultry breeding such as swine, carabao, cattle, goat and sheep. Other additional
investment includes manufacturing, food processing, furniture, crafts and house wares making.
MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURES.
-Dacao Irrigation Intake Structure - located at Flora - Swan Ogee Dam - Pudtol
-Bacut Dam - located at Sta. Marcela -NPC Tunnels - located at Ginned Pudtol - -The
old Spanish Church -Madarang Memorial Shrine in Kabugao

PROTECTED AREAS. The lowland forests of Calanasan forms a big chunk for the Apayao
Lowland Forest, The town of Calanasan in Apayao Province, Luzon is home to rare tropical rainforest
giants. Its forest leviathans include very old Dipterocarp “lawaan” trees, whose trunks can be as wide as
the total width of twenty people huddled together under one huge umbrella trying to avoid the rains. These
trees can be as tall as a 10-story building.

Apayao eagle habitat eyed as Unesco

protected area, The Philippine Eagle sanctuary in
the virgin forest of Calanasan town in Apayao is
being eyed to become a United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO) Biodiversity and Protected Area. This
to ensure that the virgin forests will remain
preserved and protected to allow the eagle
sanctuary to thrive and the Philippine Eagle
population to multiply. Apayao boasts over
286,000 hectares of virgin forests that could stand
for over 64 kilometers around the province.

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Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts
PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning
Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

PROVINCE OF KALINGA
POPULATION. The population of Kalinga in the
2015 census was 212,580 people, with a density of 66
inhabitant per square kilometer or 170 inhabitant per square
mile.

AREA. Kalinga covers total area of 3,231.25

square kilometers or 1,247.25 square miles
occupying the central section of the Cordillera
Administrative region in Luzon.

MAJOR PRODUCTS. The Kalinga people are highlanders and the most extensive rice farmers of
the Cordillera peoples, having been blessed with some of the most suitable land for both wet and dry rice
farming. Like the Ifugao, the kalinga are prolific terrace builders. The Kalinga are also skilled craftsmen,
well-versed in basketry, loom weaving, metalsmithing, and pottery, the last centered in the lower Chico
River Valley.

MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURE. The province has a total network of 1,202.22 kilometer. As to

classification, barangay roads accounted the biggest share with 47.87% followed by national roads with
32.92% while provincial and municipal roads accounted 11.81% and 7.40% respectively.
Of the Total road network in the province, only 182.322 kilometers were concreted, the bulk of
which are national roads with 41.79% (76,199 kms.) earth roads totaled to 349.157 kilometers. This means
that transportation vehicles could hardly traversed these roads especially during rainy seasons, thus
hindering the transport of produce to market outlets and delivery of basic services resulting further to costly
prime commodities.

PROTECTED AREAS. Balbalasang-

Balbalan National Park (BBNP) passed the
Protected area Suitability Assessment (PASA)
conducted by the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) with score of 97/100
It covers the Banao ancestral domain
composed of barangays Pantikian, Talalang and
Balbalasang, is now under the landscape category
considering the presence of settlements and other
structures within, and the recreation and economic
activities done in the protected area.

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Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts
PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning
Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
POPULATION. The population of Mount
Province in the 2015 census was 154,590 people,
with a density of 72 inhabitant per square
kilometer or 190 inhabitant square mile.

AREA. Mountain Province covers total

area of 2,157.38 square kilometers or 832.97
square miles occupying the central section of
Cordillera Administrative region in Luzon.

MAJOR PRODUCTS. Mount Province is

classified as a 4th class province with an average
family income of Php. 59,426. Agriculture is the main source of income with tourism providing a significant
boost to its economy.

MAJOR INFRASTRUCTURE. The main mode of transport to and from mountain province is land
transportation. The name of the province alone dictates that water transport is impossible. There are no
ports/airports or harbors in the place owing to its mountain terrain.

The Junction Talubin-Barlig-

Paracelis-Calaccad road is also a priority
project for improvement because it serves as the
linkage of the municipalities of Bontoc, Barlig,
Natonin, and Parcelis with Region 2. The
improvement of this roads will bear impact on
the economic status of the said municipalities as
this will surely enhance the promotion of
agriculture and tourism industry.

PROTECTED AREAS. Seventeen

percent of the provincial lands are considered
severely eroded which are prone to erosion and
natural hazards due to its topography. These area
are located more in Bontoc with 16,901.48
hectares (42.90%). Followed by Tadian with
5,598.29 hectares (14.21%) and Bauko with
11.18%. Natonin has the least eroded area of
9365.85 or 2.38%.

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Bulacan State University College of Architecture and Fine Arts
PL 423 Planning 3: Principles of Urban and Regional Planning
Second Semester AY 2018-2019 | Instructor: Ar. Edilberto Martinez

Bibliography

http://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/car-profile?fbclid=IwAR3jJSs-
1OkDSa2Ssk0OEftAYxJi9yqbDebZo5ZIhdI2Ir5-QB8Vv0sUzPA
http://www.dilgcar.com/index.php/car-profile
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https://www.dti.gov.ph/regions/car/car-profile-of-region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apayao
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http://www.philippineeaglefoundation.org/article/76/protecting-the-rare-giants-of-calanasan-lowland-
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https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/07/09/1831856/apayao-eagle-habitat-eyed-unesco-protected-
area
http://baguioheraldexpressonline.com/special-agriculture-projects-to-be-fastracked-in-apayao/

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