Experiment 1
Course Title: Power System Engineering
Course Code: EEE3003
Slot: L37+38
Name: Ananya Sinha
Register Number: 17BEE0221
Ex. No.: 7 Date : 28.03.2019
Title: NR Load Flow Studies
Aim: Conduct load Flow using NR Method
Apparatus / Software required:
MI Power Simulation Software, Generation and line data for
a given netwok.
Problem taken to solve:
Simulation Result for the problem:
Result Tabulation:
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Date and Time : Thu Mar 28 15:22:58 2019
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LOAD FLOW BY NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD
CASE NO : 1 CONTINGENCY : 0 SCHEDULE NO : 0
CONTINGENCY NAME : Base Case RATING CONSIDERED : NOMINAL
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VERSION NUMBER : 7.3
%% First Power System Network
LARGEST BUS NUMBER USED : 5 ACTUAL NUMBER OF BUSES : 5
NUMBER OF 2 WIND. TRANSFORMERS : 0 NUMBER OF 3 WIND. TRANSFORMERS : 0
NUMBER OF TRANSMISSION LINES : 5
NUMBER OF SERIES REACTORS : 0 NUMBER OF SERIES CAPACITORS : 0
NUMBER OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS : 0
NUMBER OF SHUNT REACTORS : 0 NUMBER OF SHUNT CAPACITORS : 0
NUMBER OF SHUNT IMPEDANCES : 0
NUMBER OF GENERATORS : 2 NUMBER OF LOADS : 4
NUMBER OF LOAD CHARACTERISTICS : 0 NUMBER OF UNDER FREQUENCY RELAY: 0
NUMBER OF GEN CAPABILITY CURVES: 0 NUMBER OF FILTERS : 0
NUMBER OF TIE LINE SCHEDULES : 0
NUMBER OF CONVERTORS : 0 NUMBER OF DC LINKS : 0
NUMBER OF SHUNT CONNECTED FACTS: 0
POWER FORCED LINES : 0
NUMBER OF TCSC CONNECTED : 0
NUMBER OF SPS CONNECTED : 0
NUMBER OF UPFC CONNECTED : 0
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LOAD FLOW WITH NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD : 6
NUMBER OF ZONES : 1
PRINT OPTION : 3 - BOTH DATA AND RESULTS PRINT
PLOT OPTION : 1 - PLOTTING WITH PU VOLTAGE
NO FREQUENCY DEPENDENT LOAD FLOW, CONTROL OPTION: 0
BASE MVA : 100.000000
NOMINAL SYSTEM FREQUENCY (Hzs) : 50.000000
FREQUENCY DEVIATION (Hzs) : 0.000000
FLOWS IN MW AND MVAR, OPTION :0
SLACK BUS : 0 (MAX GENERATION BUS)
TRANSFORMER TAP CONTROL OPTION : 0
Q CHECKING LIMIT (ENABLED) : 4
REAL POWER TOLERANCE (PU) : 0.01000
REACTIVE POWER TOLERANCE (PU) : 0.01000
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ITERATIONS : 15
BUS VOLTAGE BELOW WHICH LOAD MODEL IS CHANGED : 0.75000
CIRCUIT BREAKER RESISTANCE (PU) : 0.00000
CIRCUIT BREAKER REACTANCE (PU) : 0.00010
TRANSFORMER R/X RATIO : 0.05000 ---------------------------------------------------------------
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ANNUAL PERCENTAGE INTEREST CHARGES : 15.000
ANNUAL PERCENT OPERATION & MAINTENANCE CHARGES : 4.000
LIFE OF EQUIPMENT IN YEARS : 20.000
ENERGY UNIT CHARGE (KWHOUR) : 2.500 Rs
LOSS LOAD FACTOR : 0.300
COST PER MVAR IN LAKHS : 5.000 Rs
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ZONE WISE MULTIPLICATION FACTORS
ZONE P LOAD Q LOAD P GEN Q GEN SH REACT SH CAP C LOAD
---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
0 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
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BUS DATA
BUS NO. AREA ZONE BUS KV VMIN-PU VMAX-PU NAME
------- ---- ---- -------- -------- -------- --------
1 1 1 11.000 0.950 1.050 Bus1
2 1 1 11.000 0.950 1.050 Bus2
3 1 1 11.000 0.950 1.050 Bus3
4 1 1 11.000 0.950 1.050 Bus4 5 1 1 11.000 0.950 1.050 Bus5
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TRANSMISSION LINE DATA
STA CKT FROM FROM TO TO LINE PARAMETER RATING KMS kV
NODE NAME* NODE NAME* R(P.U) X(P.U.) B/2(P.U.) MVA
--- --- ---- -------- ---- -------- --------- --------- --------- ------ ----- -----
3 1 1 Bus1 2 Bus2 0.00000 0.20000 0.00000 3 1.0
3 1 1 Bus1 3 Bus3 0.00000 0.15000 0.00000 3 1.0
3 1 1 Bus1 4 Bus4 0.00000 0.10000 0.00000 3 1.0
3 1 2 Bus2 4 Bus4 0.00000 0.10000 0.00000 3 1.0
3 1 2 Bus2 3 Bus3 0.00000 0.15000 0.00000 3 1.0
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TOTAL LINE CHARGING SUSCEPTANCE : 0.00000
TOTAL LINE CHARGING MVAR AT 1 PU VOLTAGE : 0.000
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TOTAL CAPACITIVE SUSCEPTANCE : 0.00000 pu - 0.000 MVAR
TOTAL INDUCTIVE SUSCEPTANCE : 0.00000 pu - 0.000 MVAR
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GENERATOR DATA
SL.NO* FROM FROM REAL Q-MIN Q-MAX V-SPEC CAP. MVA STAT
NODE NAME* POWER(MW) MVAR MVAR P.U. CURV RATING
------ ---- -------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---- ------- ----
1 1 Bus1 120.0000 0.0000 141.5000 1.0000 0 141.50 3
2 4 Bus4 0.0000 0.0000 141.5000 1.0000 0 100.00 3
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LOAD DATA
SLNO FROM FROM REAL REACTIVE COMP COMPENSATING MVAR VALUE CHAR F/V
* NODE NAME* MW MVAR MVAR MIN MAX STEP NO NO
STAT
---- ---- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- ------- ---- ----
1 1 Bus1 100.000 50.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0
3 0
2 2 Bus2 100.000 40.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0
3 0
3 3 Bus3 200.000 100.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0
3 0
4 4 Bus4 200.000 100.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0 0
3 0
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TOTAL SPECIFIED MW GENERATION : 120.00000
TOTAL MIN MVAR LIMIT OF GENERATOR : 0.00000
TOTAL MAX MVAR LIMIT OF GENERATOR : 283.00000
TOTAL SPECIFIED MW LOAD : 600.00000 reduced 600.00000
TOTAL SPECIFIED MVAR LOAD : 290.00000 reduced 290.00000
TOTAL SPECIFIED MVAR COMPENSATION : 0.00000 reduced 0.00000
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TOTAL (Including out of service units)
TOTAL SPECIFIED MW GENERATION : 120.00000
TOTAL MIN MVAR LIMIT OF GENERATOR : 0.00000
TOTAL MAX MVAR LIMIT OF GENERATOR : 283.00000
TOTAL SPECIFIED MW LOAD : 600.00000 reduced 600.00000
TOTAL SPECIFIED MVAR LOAD : 290.00000 reduced 290.00000
TOTAL SPECIFIED MVAR COMPENSATION : 0.00000 reduced 0.00000
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GENERATOR DATA FOR FREQUENCY DEPENDENT LOAD FLOW
SLNO* FROM FROM P-RATE P-MIN P-MAX %DROOP PARTICI BIAS
NODE NAME* MW MW MW FACTOR SETTING
C0 C1 C2
------ ---- -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
1 1 Bus1 500.000 0.0000 120.0000 4.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 4 Bus4 400.000 0.0000 0.0000 4.0000 0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
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Slack bus angle (degrees) : 0.00
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TOTAL NUMBER OF ISLANDS IN THE GIVEN SYSTEM : 2
TOTAL NUMBER OF ISLANDS HAVING ATLEAST ONE GENERATOR : 1
SLACK BUSES CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY
ISLAND NO. SLACK BUS NAME SPECIFIED MW
---------- --------- -------- ------------
1 1 Bus1 120.000
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Buses falling under island 1
1 Bus1 2 Bus2 3 Bus3 4 Bus4
Real Power : 600.000 MW; Reactive Power : 290.000 MVAR
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Buses falling under island 2
5 Bus5
Real Power : 0.000 MW; Reactive Power : 0.000 MVAR
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Iteration count 0 maxp 2.000000 maxq 1.000000
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Iteration count 1 maxp 0.228227 maxq 0.309197
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Iteration count 2 maxp 0.019235 maxq 0.021602
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Iteration count 3 maxp 0.000135 maxq 0.000138
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Iteration count 4 maxp 0.000000 maxq 0.558378
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Iteration count 5 maxp 0.003030 maxq 0.020154
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Iteration count 6 maxp 0.000011 maxq 0.000034
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BUS VOLTAGES AND POWERS
NODE FROM V-MAG ANGLE MW MVAR MW MVAR MVAR
NO. NAME P.U. DEGREE GEN GEN LOAD LOAD COMP
---- -------- ------ ------ -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
1 Bus1 1.0000 0.00 599.999 311.919 100.000 50.000 0.000 >
2 Bus2 0.9035 -14.33 0.000 0.000 100.000 40.000 0.000 @
3 Bus3 0.8377 -17.73 0.000 0.000 200.000 100.000 0.000 @
4 Bus4 0.9602 -13.13 0.000 141.503 200.000 100.000 0.000 > 5 Bus5 0.0000 0.00
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 @
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NUMBER OF BUSES EXCEEDING MINIMUM VOLTAGE LIMIT (@ mark) : 3
NUMBER OF BUSES EXCEEDING MAXIMUM VOLTAGE LIMIT (# mark) : 0
NUMBER OF GENERATORS EXCEEDING MINIMUM Q LIMIT (< mark) : 0
NUMBER OF GENERATORS EXCEEDING MAXIMUM Q LIMIT (> mark) : 2
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LINE FLOWS AND LINE LOSSES
SLNO CS FROM FROM TO TO FORWARD LOSS %
NODE NAME NODE NAME MW MVAR MW MVAR LOADING
---- -- ---- -------- ---- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
1 1 1 Bus1 2 Bus2 111.802 62.288 0.0000 32.7589 3670.7!
2 1 1 Bus1 3 Bus3 170.064 134.731 0.0000 70.6115 6222.9!
3 1 1 Bus1 4 Bus4 218.132 64.900 0.0000 51.7938 6527.3!
4 1 2 Bus2 4 Bus4 -18.134 -51.018 0.0000 3.5912 1718.8!
5 1 2 Bus2 3 Bus3 29.936 40.548 0.0000 4.6675 1599.9!
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! NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BEYOND 125% : 5
@ NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN 100% AND 125% : 0
# NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN 75% AND 100% : 0
$ NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN 50% AND 75%
: 0 ^ NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN 25% AND
50% : 0
& NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN 1% AND 25% : 0
* NUMBER OF LINES LOADED BETWEEN 0% AND 1% : 0
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ISLAND FREQUENCY SLACK-BUS CONVERGED(1)
------ --------- ----------- ------------
1 50.00000 1 0
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Summary of results
TOTAL REAL POWER GENERATION : 599.999 MW
TOTAL REAL POWER INJECT,-ve L : 0.000 MW
TOTAL REACT. POWER GENERATION : 453.423 MVAR
GENERATION pf : 0.798
TOTAL SHUNT REACTOR INJECTION : -0.000 MW
TOTAL SHUNT REACTOR INJECTION : -0.000 MVAR
TOTAL SHUNT CAPACIT.INJECTION : -0.000 MW
TOTAL SHUNT CAPACIT.INJECTION : -0.000 MVAR
TOTAL TCSC REACTIVE DRAWL : 0.000 MVAR
TOTAL SPS REACTIVE DRAWL : 0.000 MVAR
TOTAL UPFC FACTS. INJECTION : -0.0000 MVAR
TOTAL SHUNT FACTS.INJECTION : 0.000 MVAR
TOTAL SHUNT FACTS.DRAWAL : 0.000 MVAR
TOTAL REAL POWER LOAD : 600.000 MW
TOTAL REAL POWER DRAWAL -ve g : 0.000 MW
TOTAL REACTIVE POWER LOAD : 290.000 MVAR
LOAD pf : 0.900
TOTAL COMPENSATION AT LOADS : 0.000 MVAR TOTAL HVDC REACTIVE POWER : 0.000
MVAR
TOTAL REAL POWER LOSS (AC+DC) : 0.000000 MW ( 0.000000+ 0.000000)
PERCENTAGE REAL LOSS (AC+DC) : 0.000
TOTAL REACTIVE POWER LOSS : 163.422829 MVAR
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Zone wise distribution
Description Zone # 1
---------------- ----------
MW generation 599.9986
MVAR generation 453.4225
MW load 600.0000
MVAR load 290.0000
MVAR compensation 0.0000
MW loss 0.0000
MVAR loss 163.4228
MVAR - inductive 0.0000
MVAR - capacitive 0.0000
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Zone wise export(+ve)/import(-ve)
Zone # 1 MW & MVAR
------ -------- --------
1 -----
Area wise distribution
Description Area # 1
---------------- ----------
MW generation 599.9986
MVAR generation 453.4225
MW load 600.0000
MVAR load 290.0000
MVAR compensation 0.0000
MW loss 0.0000
MVAR loss 163.4228
MVAR - inductive 0.0000
MVAR - capacitive 0.0000
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Date and Time : Thu Mar 28 15:22:58 2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Inference
Load flow studies can easily be conducted using MI power
software and a detailed report for the network can be
generated.
