Disease Causative Agent Diagnosis Classification/ S&S Treatment

TB Tuberculin testing Classification 0-5 6mos RIPE

Mycobacterium 2-3 days; >10mm Active and Inactive R- red orange
*phthisis, koch’s dse, tuberculosis CXR Minimal, moderately advanced secretions
consumption, Sputum AFB and far advanced I- peripheral neuritis
immimgrants dse. *lymphadenopathy – children E- optic neuritis
Posterior auricular
Lumbar tap (L4&L5) Headache, fever, stiff neck & Prophylactic –
Meningitis Neisseria meningitidis CSF- high WBC and delirium Rifampicin
CHON, low glucose WFS- hemorrhage & dse. of DOC – Aqueous PenG
Waterhouse adrenal gland Chloramphenicol if
Friederichsen *WOF – CSF leakage Opisthothonus allergic to pen.
Syndrome Kernig’s sign Mannitol
Brudzinski sign Dexamethasone
ALOC, ↑ICP
Shick’s – susceptibility Pathog: Pseudomembranes Pen, erythromycin
Diptheria Corynebacterium Moloney’s- Nasal- unilateral, purulent Diptheria Antitoxin
diphtheria(Klebs loffer hypersensitivity diascharge
bacillus) *ID; 1-3cm Pharyngeal- diff. Swallowing, *fractional
circumscribed area bullneck (mild,mod. , & severe) desensitization
Laryngeal- dry metallic cough
Elevated WBC Catarrhal – mild symp., most DOC- Erythromycin
Pertusis Bordatella pertusis Nasopharygeal swab contagious
Haemophilus pertusis Paroxysmal- spasmodic stage, *prone position during
thick tenacious mucus, attack, isolation
micturition and defecation,
cyanosis, choking spells
Convalescent
Nose and throat swabs Coryza, cough, conjunctivitis & Antiviral- Isoprenosine
Measles Morbilli kopliks spot
Paramyxoviridae virus *pathognomonic: Pre-eruptive – 3c’s+K, fever, Antibiotics if with
*Rubeola, 7-day Koplik’s spots – whitish photophobia complications
measles, hard measles spot at inner cheek w/ Eruptive – maculopapular Supportive
red halo rashes are fully developed, on
& off fever *AMV,MMR
Convalescence
Prodromal- low grade fever, Symptomatic tx.
German Measles Rubella Virus *pathognomonic: malaise, colds, lymph node
Forscheimer’s spots involvement (post. auricular, *prevention – MMR
*Rubella, 3-day post. Cervical & suboccipital) Immune serum
measles Eruptive- Forscheimer’s spots globulin 1wk post
Pinkish rash on soft palate exposure to rubella
Pre-eruptive- mild fever & Zovirax – 500mg/tab
Chicken Pox Herpes zoster virus or *pathognomonic: malaise I tab BID x 7days
Varicella zoster Vesicular eruptions on Eruptive – rash (centrifugal Acyclovir
the skin spread) Oral antihistamine
Lesions – red papules-milky & calamine
pus like w/in 4days antipyretics
*stages -MPVPC
Hx. Of chicken pox Unilateral eruptions Symptomatic tx.
Herpes Zoster Herpes virus varicellae Pain & burning Paralysis of cranial nerve,
or Varicella zoster sensation over lesion vesicles at ext. Auditory canal Compress of Al acetate
-infection of sensory of vesicles along nerve Paralytic ileus, bladder paralysis over lesions
nerve pathway(neuralgic *Opthalmia herpes- 5th CN Analgesics, sedatives
pain) Blindness steroids
Giemsa- stained Geniculate “- 7th CN, deafness
scraping (Ramsay Hunt Syndrome)
Viral culture Sudden headache, earache, loss Symptomatic tx.
Mumps Paramyxovirus group WBC count of appetite
usually found in saliva Swelling of parotid gland - warm/ cold compress
*Epidemic/Infectious of infected person * complication - oral care
parotitis - Orchitis/ Oophoritis - soft foods
- Mastitis, deafness

G.I.
↑WBC – 1st wk Onset – ladder like fever DOC –
Typhoid Fever Salmonella typhosa Blood culture + Rose spots Chloramphenicol
and typhi s.typhosa -2nd wk Typhoid state – sordes, tongue
+ stool culture -3rd wk protrudes dry & brown paracetamol
Widal test coma vigil
-ulceration of Peyer’s O,H,Vi antigen subsultus tendinus carphologia
patches of SI

Fecal microscopy Profuse diarrhea, vomiting, loss Antibiotics:

Cholera Vibrio cholera of fluid Tetracycline, Cotrimox.
Vibrio comma *pathognomonic: Principal deficits: IVF- LRS, ORS ,
Rice watery stool - Severe dehydration WOF: circulatory
-Metabolic acidosis: DRB overload
- Hypokalemia: abdominal Strict I &O
distension, paralytic ileus
Fecalysis Diarrhea – bloody mucoid Antibiotics:
Dysentery Shigella flesneri Fever, n/v, headache, anorexia, Ampicillin
- common in Phil. body weakness, colicky cramps Tetracycline, Cotrimox
S. connei S. boydii, Tenesmus – spasm in the anal
S. dysenteria – most sphincter IVF
infectious X Anti-diarrheal
Throat swab Febrile episodes w/ muscle Preventive- Salk &
Poliomyelitis Polio virus Stool exam, LP weakness, occasionally Sabin vacc. ( mono &
(Legio Debilitans) progressive paralysis (3 types) trivalent
* Acute anterior polio *3 Types * Spinal
Heinmedin disease I-most paralytic & freq. *Bulbar – CN 9&10, dangerous Supportive:
Infantile paralysis *Bulbospinal – milder s/s x morphine
3 Strains >minor polio – subclinical & moist heat app. for
- Affects mainly the - Brunhilde abortive: recover w/in 72hrs muscle spasms
ant. born cells of spinal - Laasing >major polio – paralytic, non- airway – tracheotomy
cord, medulla, - Leon paralytic, tripod position, footboard to prevent
midbrain & cerbellum Hoyne’s sign, Meningeal foootdrop
irritation (+ Brudz. & Kernig)
Liver function : SGOT Prodromal/Pre Icteric: Provide rest pd.
Hepatitis A Hepatitis A virus & SGPT s/s of URTI, RUQ pain ↑CHO, moderate fat,
Clotting Test Icteric – Jaundice, Alcoholic ↑ or ↓CHON
* Infectious hepatitis Bilirubin count stool, Bile-colored urine Intake of vitamins &
* HaV Ag, Ab mineral
Stool exam (cyst, Blood streaked mucus Amoebacides –
Amoebiasis Entamoeba hystolitica amoeba+++) Colic, abdominal distension Metronidazole (Flagyl)
↑WBC Intestinal perforation –bleeding 800mg TID x 7days
Later: anorexia, wt. Loss, Bismuth + Chloroquine
jaundice Antibiotic - Ampicillin
Tetracyc., Chloramp.
Microscopic eggs in Stomach ache, vomiting Pyrantel Pamoate
Ascariasis Ascaris lumbrecoides stool, CBC, Hx. of Energy/Protein malnutrition Piperazine Citrate
passing out of worms, Anemia, Intestinal obstruction Mebendazole,
X-ray Tetramizole
SKIN
CSF – normal Local- persistent contraction of TIG – remove unbound
Tetanus Clostridium tetani WBC – normal or slight muscles tetanus, immunity for
elevation Gen.- rigidity, trismus, stiffness 3-6mos
*Lockjaw of neck, opisthotonus, urinary
*Toxins: & bowel retention, risus Tetanic spasm
Tetanospasmin sardonicus (sardonic smile) -Diazepam
Tetanolysin Seizures -Metocurin iodide
WOF respi depression

Hx of exposure Prodromal phase (1-10d) No cure

Rabies Rhabdovirus PE/ assess of s/s -copious salivation, sensitive to
(+) FRA – Fluorescent light, sound & changes in temp, Antirabies sera
*Hydrophobia, Lyssa rabies antibody tingling, burning, cold sensation HRIG – passive
technique along the nerve pathway HDCV – active

Pathognomonic: Excitement (2-3d) Active Immunization

Negri bodies on -delirium, nuchal stiffness, - 3yrs, used for lower
infected neurons involuntary twitching, painful extremity bites
spasms, hydrophobia, -Lyssavac, Imovax,
aerophobia (death) Anti-rabies vac.

Terminal/Paralytic Passive Immunization

-quiet & unconscious, spasms- - 3months
paralysis, death due to respi - Rabuman, Hyper Rab,
paralysis Imogam

Chloroquine (all but P.

Malaria P. Falciparum – most Malarial smear Rapidly rising fever + headache Malariae)
serious, common in (RDT) Rapid diagnostic Shaking chills, mascular pain, Quinine (resistant to
Phil. test – done in field ; Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, falciparum)
Vector : female P. Vivax – non-life 10-15mins result Primaquine (relapse
anopheles mosquito threatening except to Blackwater fever – vivax/ovale)
young & old, chills q48 hemoglobinuria ( reddish to
on 3rd day if not tx mahogany colored urine
P. malariae (Quartan)
Less freq
P. ovale - rare
Tourniquet test Prodromal phase: malaise& No Specific antiviral tx
Dengue Fever Arbovirus Grp B Platelet count anorexia up to 12hrs, F&C , NV analgesic
Hematocrit Febrile phase: 39-400C, rash Supportive
* Chikungunya, (prominent on trunk & ext),
O’nyong nyong, west +tourniquet, Herman’s sign,
nile fever Hemorrhagic manifestation
Circulatory phase: fall of temp
Vector: Aedes Aegypti on 3rd-5th day, restless,
thrombocytopenia, (shock)
>Classifications –Grade1-4

Clinical manifestations Septic Stage: Fever, jaundice, Pen G

Leptospirosis Leptospira interrogans Culture conjuntival affection, purpura, Tetracycline
hemoptysis, abd. Pain, ARF Doxycycline
*Weil’s dse, mud Toxic stage: CHF, meningeal Peritoneal dialysis
fever, Swineherd’s irritation, oliguria, shock,coma Supportive
disease Convalescence- recovery Symptomatic

Fecalysis – eggs Swimmer’s itch – initial sign Tartar emetic – IV

Schistosomiasis Schistosoma Liver & Rectal Biopsy Redness & pustule formation @ Stibophen (Fuadin)- IM
japonicum site of entry, diarrhea, Praziquantel PO
*Bilharziasis, Snail S. Mansoni Cercariae- most abdominal pain Niridazole
fever S. Hematobium infective stage Japonicum & mansoni- GI &
liver problem
Vector: Oncomelania Haematobium – Renal
quadrasi
Identification of s/s Corneal ulceration, Multiple drug therapy
Leprosy Mycobacterium leprae Tissue biopsy photophobia, blindness DOC – Sulfone
Lepromin skin test Macules & papules- Oral Dapsone – WOF
-chronic systemic Tuberculin Mitsuda reaction lepromatous dermatitis
infection charac. By Borderline Erythematous plaque w/ clearly
progressive cutaneous Lepromatous – most defined borders – tuberculoid Tuberculin – 3yrs of tx
lesion dangerous, affects all Footdrop, Loss of Borderline – 10 years
organs in body eyebrows/eyelashes Lepromatous – lifetime
Anhydrosis, Anesthesia medication
*Lucio’s phenomenon
- diff, symptoms – drug is
effective
S.T.D
ELISA Combination of 2 NRTI
HIV/AIDS Opportunistic Western Blot - + PI
infections when T4/ confirmatory
CD4 count drops <200 CD4 count 4C’s
Viral load testing
Normal: 800-1000 Home tests kits
C&S Urethritis- dysuria& purulent Pen
Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhea Blood test for N. discharge,Cervicitis, Single dose ceftriaxone
Gonorrhoea antibodies IM + Doxycycline PO
* Clap, Drip, Females – usu. asymptomatic Bid for 1wk
G. vulvovaginitis Prophylaxis: silver
nitrate, Tetra, Erythro
VDRL test Primary – Chancre Penicillin & other
Syphilis Treponema pallidum FTA – Abs Secondary – syphilis rash antibiotics
*Lues, The pox, Bad MHA test Condylomata lata, fever, sore
blood CSF examination throat, swollen glands
>Neurosyphilis Third – gummas, joint & bone
-Gen. Paresis of insane damage, blindness, numbness
Same with hepatitis A Interferon alpha-2b
Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Virus Lamivudine
(entecavir, adefovir)- Telbivudine