Dhumale Ajinkya. D et.
al; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
ISSN: 2454-132X
Impact factor: 4.295
(Volume 4, Issue 2)
Available online at: www.ijariit.com
Design of dual band microstrip antenna
Ajinkya D. Dhumale Pallavi B. Chandole
ajinkyadhumale@gmail.com pallavichandole25@gmail.com
Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune,
Maharashtra Maharashtra
Chirag Amol S. Ingole
chirag.ciel@gmail.com amol.ingole@yahoo.com
Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune,
Maharashtra Maharashtra
ABSTRACT
In the given paper a microstrip rectangular patch antenna is designed for dual frequency band applications in the ISM band
and WiMAX band. The antenna contains a rectangular patch with two rectangular slots positioned on the surface of the patch
which is mounted upon a grounded substrate made of FR4 epoxy. The dimensions of the patch and positioning of the rectangular
slots are determined through standard antenna formulae and simulation-based optimization techniques in Ansoft HFSS (High-
Frequency Structural Simulator – a computer software dealing with 3D electromagnetic models)[5].
Keywords: Microstrip, ISM, WiMAX, Rectangular Patch, HFSS.
1. INTRODUCTION
In the recent times, the cost and size factor is dominant in the field of wireless communications and microstrip antenna takes the
upper hand in comparison to other antennas in this given field alongside it also provides compact and planer configuration and
ability to work on high-frequency applications. The proposed dual band antenna design given has lots of practical uses, especially
for mobile devices. These antenna operates on two bands or frequencies and can either work on these different frequencies one at a
time or simultaneously.
The advantage of dual band antennas is their ability to provide a strong, stable wireless connection in often difficult to reach
locations. The two most common frequencies used in these antennas are 2.4 GHz (802.11g/N) and 3.6 GHz (802.11y). The 3.6 GHz
option has the higher frequency and subsequently, a smaller range. However, this higher frequency also allows the 3.6 GHz antenna
to handle more information at any one time. The 2.4 GHz option inversely has a lower frequency, allowing the antenna to cover
greater distances as well as penetrate surfaces more efficiently. Thus a dual band antenna can use both frequencies at once or switch
between the two frequencies depending on which option provides a stronger connection in the given area. The dual band also
provides us an alternative to avoid signal interference among different devices operating in the similar frequency range and therefore
dual band antennas are a stable, easy way to connect between our day to day things [3].
2. ANTENNA DESIGN
The first step is to design the antenna consisting of a patch printed on a grounded substrate. For the proposed antenna, the substrate
has a thickness h=1.6 mm and a relative permittivity єr = 4.4 for FR-4 Epoxy dielectric [4]. A 50ꭥ microstrip line is designed with
a width of 3mm The length and width of the patch are L=27.13 mm and W=38.03 mm and the length and width of the substrate are
L=70 mm and W=70 mm respectively.[1] The given dimensions of the antenna are calculated using following formulae[6],
a) Width of Patch
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Dhumale Ajinkya. D et.al; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
𝐶
𝑊=
𝜀 +1
2𝑓𝑟 √ 𝑟 2
W= 38.03mm
b) Dielectric Constant
ϵreff=ϵr+1 + ϵr−1
2 h
2.√1+12W
ϵreff= 4.78
c) Length Extension
W
∆L (εreff + 0.3)( + 0.264)
= 0.412 × h
h W
(εreff − 0.258)( + 0.8)
h
where, εreff = effective dielectric constant
W
>1
h
∆L = 0.72mm
d) Effective Length
c0
L=
2f0 √εre
L= 27.13mm
e) Feed point position for 50ohm
π
R in (y = yo ) = R in (y = 0)cos 2 (L y0 )
where Rin ( y=yo ) is 50 Ohms and Rin ( y=0 )
Fig.1 Geometry of Antenna
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Dhumale Ajinkya. D et.al; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
Table 1.1 Design Parameters of Antenna
Antenna Parameters Dimensions (in mm)
Lg (Length of Substrate) 70mm
Wg (Width of Substrate) 70mm
Lp (Length of Patch) 27.13mm
Wp (Width of Patch) 38.03mm
L1 (Length of feed line) 35mm
W1 (Width of feed line) 3mm
3. ANTENNA SIMULATION AND RESULTS
Fig.2 Simulated Dual Band Antenna
Name X Y Return Loss HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
m1 0.00
2.3516 -9.9987 Curve Info
m2 2.4456 -9.9953 dB(S(1,1))
m3 3.5413 -9.9963 Setup1 : Sw eep
m4 -2.50
3.6499 -9.9972
m5 2.4000 -16.1055
m6 3.6000 -15.8425
-5.00
-7.50
dB(S(1,1))
MY1: -10.0000
m1 m2 m3 m4
-10.00
-12.50
-15.00 m6
m5
-17.50
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
Freq [GHz]
Fig.3 Return Loss vs Frequency
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Dhumale Ajinkya. D et.al; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
Name X Y VSWR HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
100.00
m1 2.4000 1.3713 Curve Info
m2 3.6000 1.3849 VSWR(1)
Setup1 : Sw eep
80.00
60.00
VSWR(1)
40.00
20.00
m1 m2
0.00
1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50
Freq [GHz]
Fig.4 VSWR
Name Theta Ang Mag Radiation Pattern 1 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT
m1 360.0000 -0.0000 18.8538 m1
0 Curve Info
dB(rETotal)
-30 30 Setup1 : LastAdaptive
12.00 Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='0deg'
dB(rETotal)
Setup1 : LastAdaptive
4.00 Freq='2.4GHz' Phi='90deg'
-60 60
-4.00
-12.00
-90 90
-120 120
-150 150
-180
Fig.5 2D Radiation Pattern
Fig.6 3D Radiation Pattern
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Dhumale Ajinkya. D et.al; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
Fig.7 Current Distribution of Simulated Dual Band Antenna
Table 1.2 Simulated Results of Antenna
Frequency 2.4Ghz & 3.6Ghz
Return Loss (2.4Ghz) -16.1055
Return Loss (3.6Ghz) -15.8425
VSWR (2.4Ghz) 1.3713
VSWR (3.6Ghz) 1.3849
4. EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS
The proposed antenna is fabricated and tested in the laboratory using R&S®ZVL Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).[2] It is the only
instrument to combine the functions of a network analyzer, spectrum analyzer, and power meter in a single box, and will thus
tremendously increase your work efficiency. Manufactured antenna with front view and back view are shown in Fig.8(a) and
Fig.8(b).
Fig.8(a) Front view Fig.8(b) Back view
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Dhumale Ajinkya. D et.al; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
Fig.9 Return Loss on VNA
Fig10 VSWR on VNA
5. CONCLUSION
In the given paper the proposed antenna is designed for dual band of frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 3.6 GHz . The proposed antenna
is a rectangular patch microstrip antenna with two rectangular slots on the patch and a ground substrate of FR-4 Epoxy. Given
antenna design is realized through simulation, optimization and testing features provided by Ansoft HFSS 13(High-Frequency
Structural Simulator) software. There are many aspects that affect the performance of the antenna such as dimensions, the shape of
patch, slots, feeding technique, substrate. Design parameters shown in table1.1 and results are shown in table 1.2.
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Dhumale Ajinkya. D et.al; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge MR. A.S.INGOLE for his guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project. The authors would also like to express their special gratitude and thanks to MR. S.HAKE for
providing great attention and time towards this project.
7. REFERENCES
[1] “Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna for 2.4GHz ISM Band and WLAN Application” IEEE SPONSORED 2ND
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM (ICECS 2015)
[2] www.rohde-schwarz.com Specifications of VNA
[3] “Design of Dual Band Microstrip Antenna with Enhanced Gain for Energy Harvesting Applications” Mohamed Aboualalaa,
Student Member, IEEE, Adel B. Abdel-Rahman, Ahmed Allam, Hala Elsadek, Senior Member, IEEE, and Ramesh K. Pokharel,
Member, IEEE
[4] “Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna For 2.4 GHz Communication Using Defected Ground Structure” International Journal
of Advance Foundation and Research in Computer (IJAFRC) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2015. ISSN 2348 – 4853
[5] www.ansys.com High Frequency Electromagnetic Field Simulation
[6] C. A. Balanis, “Microstrip antennas,” in Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, 3rd ed. New Jersey, United States of America.
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