EasyChair Preprint

№ 5688

Design and Simulation a Patch Antenna for

Dual-Band Frequencies

Mohammed Salah Abood, Ahmed Mustafa, Maha Fathy,

Mustafa Hamdi and Mustafa Noori

EasyChair preprints are intended for rapid

dissemination of research results and are
integrated with the rest of EasyChair.

June 3, 2021
 Design and Simulation a Patch antenna for dual-band
frequencies

Mohammed Salah Abood 1, Ahmed Shamil Mustafa 2, Maha Fathy 1, Mustafa Maad
Hamdi 2 and Mustafa Sabah Noori 3
1 Schoolof Information and Electronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing,
China.
2 Department of Computer Engineering Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar,

Iraq.
3 Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Universiti Putra Malay-

sia, Selangor, Malaysia.

mohammedsalah81@gmail.com, ahmedshamil90@gmail.com
eng_moha90@yahoo.com, meng.mustafa@yahoo.com,
mustafasabah804@gmail.com

Abstract. In communication systems, wireless technology is the most thoroughly

studied environment and communication schemes were not practiced without un-
derstatement of the antennas' operation. The proposed antenna can be used for
Long Term Evolution (LTE), with strong coverage and improved power, for the
indoor and outdoor regions. The antenna has Omni-directional pattern at lower
and upper operation at frequency LTE band 7 (2.6 GHz) and band 3 (1.8 GHz).
The concept antenna was produced with the substratum FR-4. The parameters of
dispersion matrices, radiation pattern, gain, directive, VSWR, return loss can be
calculated. The prototypes and calculations were done with Microwave Studio
(CST). The shown array antenna can be extended in particular to mobile and
small base stations.

Keywords: LTE, CST, Dual-band, Patch antenna.

1 Introduction

The rapid proliferation of interactive devices and emerging digital infrastructure growth
and the increased usage of a mobile terminal have driven the research into modern net-
work architectures and wireless world requirements [1]. Moreover, the creation of mod-
ern and exciting wireless service has been accelerating by rising processing capacity,
memory and high-end graphics functionality. Personal video recorders, on request re-
cordings, various programming, interactivity, mobile telephony and media broadcast-
ing have allowed audiences to personalize their viewing and to communicate their de-
sires to broadcasters [2-5]. Wireless networking infrastructure is a new need and has
quickly expanded with fresh concepts, where it begins with the first LTE and LTE-
2

Advanced technology (LTE-A). LTE or LTE-A was the high-speed broadband network
for cell phones and data terminals based on the Global Mobile Infrastructure (GSM).
Global Cell Broadband has been project to amount mobile user growth over the next 3
years by an estimate of 50% each year [6, 7]. In wireless technology, especially in mo-
bile devices, data traffic and signal coverage will be quite significant. Therefore, the
Femtocell Network has been developed by the 3rd generation partnership project
(3GPP) to support data traffic and signal coverage from macrocell base stations [8, 9].
LTE technology has potential peak data speeds for the downlink and uplink of 300
Mbps and 75 Mbps respectively. LTE technology has been used for the first time in
Europe, and the 1.8 and 2.6 GHz frequency bands have been assigned. The 800-960
MHz and 3.4-3.8 GHz bands are now allowed to run LTE bands as the need for fast
data rates grows [10-12]. The antenna developments are also an immense obstacle for
them to support the high demand for these service classes. In recent years, a massive
number of antennas have been built and produced to cover these LTE frequency bands
which can only provide single and dual bands including single [13, 14] and double [15]
bands.
Patch antennas perform a critical part in the wireless networking device environment
in recent days. Microstrip antennas are very charming because of their low profile, their
low weight and their superficiality. A significant number of microstrip antennas have
been produced to be used in wireless applications [16-19]. Miniature antenna scale,
broad band and multi band antennas are expected to fulfill potential advancement of
wireless networking technologies. The microstrip antenna is going to be a high-quality
rival for several connectivity products. Antenna contains both dielectric layer and
ground plane on the other hand. The fine feature of microstrip patch antenna, such as
small weight, stubby body planar configuration, cheap fabrication costs and the capac-
ity to integrate with microwave integrated circuits technologies, make the patch anten-
nas suitable for wireless networking applications, cellular phones, pagers, radar, and
satellite communications equipment items.
The antenna's size is decreased effectively by cutting a slot on the microstrip road. The
goal of this paper is to develop and simulate a dual-band microstrip patch antenna using
a CST microwave studio at frequency LTE band 7 (2.6 GHz) and band 3 (1.8 GHz) on
the FR4-epoxy substratum of 1.6 mm substrate height (h) = 1.6 mm and conductor
height (t) = 0.035 mm. This antenna is design to function within the spectrum of fre-
quencies between the two (1.8 to 2.6 GHz).

2 Related Work

Due to their versatility and its diverse uses, wireless networks have exciting research
fields. However, there are also a variety of problems to be researched and analyzed.
This unit explains the use of a patch antenna for different wireless applications.
In the study [20], a basic microstrip patch antenna with a resonant frequency of 2.4
GHz is constructed in the CST microwave studio. The benefit of the built antenna is
8.27 dB and 1.18 VSWR.
 3

In [21], the patch antennas scheme and emulation are used for cell users. The return
loss and the numerous benefit plots were analyzed along with the radiation style.
In the research [22], the antenna targeted at 2.4 GHz frequency resonance operation for
wireless local area network (WLAN). Different shapes of an antenna exist in this design
and this antenna is designed to maintain the above resonant frequency. Besides, this
antenna is applied to the dielectric substratum of FR 4 Epoxy and this configuration has
been tested according to the return loss and VSWR.
In work [23] proposed Π- Shaped Slot Dual Band Antenna, the antenna return losses
are -16,2dB and -12,94dB, significantly less for 2X2 MIMO pi antenna. Gain values
have been obtained, which satisfy the WLAN and Wi-Max applications. The antenna
gain values are not very high.
The authors' proposed [24] is a dual-band dual-polarized planar antenna with sharp flat-
top cut off radiation for the base stations. The range comprises of eight to eight antenna
components organized with standardized spacing and is allocated with tailored uniform
enthusiasm to achieve flat top and sharp cut off of low side lobes radiation patterns.

3 Antenna Parameters

This segment analyzes the different parameters such as VSWR, Return Loss, Antenna
Gain, Directivity, Antenna Performance and Bandwidth [25].

• Gain: Antenna gain is characterized as a ratio of energy, in a given direction, to the

intensity of radiation that would be received if the antenna power was isotopically
radiated. G=4μ.U(first, next)/pin is the formula for the benefit, where, U(first), side),
the pin is the input power.
• Radiation pattern: The radiation pattern is known as a mathematical feature or a
graphical representation of the antenna's radiation characteristics according to its
space co-ordinates.
• Antenna efficiency: It's a ratio of overall antenna output to an antenna's input power.
• VSWR: The VSWR=Vmax/Vmin voltage standing wave ratio is established.
It could range from 1 to 2.
• Return loss: Return loss reflects signal strength as a system is embedded in a trans-
mission cable. Therefore, the RL is a parameter close to the VSWR to demonstrate
how well the transmitter and antenna matched. The RL is as follows: RL=-20 log10
(mode) dB for a perfect fit between transmitter and antenna = 0 and RL= oscillation
of power, indicating that no control will be returned, whereas the value of an RL =
1 is RL= 0 dB, suggesting the representation of all power in the event. A VSWR 2
is permissible for practical applications since it meets an RL of -9.54 dB.

4 Proposed Antenna and Parameters

Figure 1 shows the geometry of the front view and architecture of the planned CST
Microwave Studio software patch line antenna with dual-band operation. The antenna
4

feed point measurements and location was intended to achieve the optimum antenna
impedance. The following criteria are used for the design of the proposed antenna. A
number of parameters have been evaluated in this report using CST Microwave Studio
methods.

Fig. 1. Geometry of the antenna designed

A rectangular microstrip antenna is designed for a dual-frequency UWB device com-

munication use. The suggested rectangular patch antenna has been conceived with die-
lectric substrate Fr4 = 4.3, substrate height (h) = 1.6 mm and conductor height (t) =
0.035 mm. This antenna operates at a frequency of 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz. The other
parameters for the antenna are the patches' width (W) = 51 mm, the patches' length (L)
= 39.4 mm, the ground plane's width and length, and the support (Wg) = 102 with (Lg)
= 78.8, the patches' width and the microstrip field line (Gpt) = 1 mm, and the patch
patching antenna and table 1 are shown as description parameters for the antenna. Fig-
ure 2 show the rectangular patch antenna.

Fig. 2. Rectangular patch antenna

 5

Table 1. Parameters values

Parameters mm
W 51
L 39.4
FI 12.0075
Wf 3.1
Lg 2*L
Gpf 1
Wg 2*W
Ht 0.035
Hs 1.6

This research was carried on the philosophy, operating concept and characteristics of
this antenna. There are several microstrip antenna research methods, so we can conven-
iently select the transmission line mode list. The equations of the transmission line as
follows:
Step 1: At the first, the C = 299792458, f˳ = 1.8 with 2.4 GHz, and Ɛr = 4.3. To find
Width (W) we used equation (1).
𝑐
𝑊= (1)
𝐸𝑟 + 1
2𝑓°√
2
Step 2: Equation (2) establishes the efficient dielectric constant:
1
εr + 1 εr − 1 h −2
Ɛreff = + [1 + 12 ( )] (2)
2 2 w
Step 3: The sufficient length calculated from equation (3):
C
Leff = (3)
2fr √εreff

Step 4: The fringing length (ΔL) from equation (4):

w
(εreff + 0.3) (
+ 0.264)
∆L = 0.1412h h (4)
w
(εreff − 0.258) ( + 0.8)
h

Step 5: The actual length Land the width and length of the Ground calculated by used
equation (5):
L = Leff − 2∆L (5)
6

Step 6: The microstrip feed line (inset-fed) with input impedance 50 Ω and Gpf 1mm
by equation (6):
𝑓𝑖
= 104 (0.001699 ∗ εr 7 + 0.13761 ∗ εr 6 − 6.1783 ∗ εr 5 + 93.187 ∗ εr 4 − 682.69
∗ εr 3 + 2561.9 ∗ εr 2 − 4043 ∗ εr + 6697)
L
∗ (6)
2
Step 7: The width of Microstrip width from equation (7):
120π
Zc = (7)
Wf Wf
√εeff [ h + 1.393 + 0.667 ∗ ln ( h + 1.444)]

5 Simulated Results

Patch antenna efficiency in figure 3 is measured in terms of coefficient of reflection

(S11), radiation properties and gain. Figure 4 displays S11's simulated result. The an-
tenna shows a dual-band operating frequency at 1.8 GHz and 2.6 GHz respectively -
15.327dB and -18.724 dB. The simulated frequency ranges of 1.77 GHz - 1.83 GHz
and 2.55 GHz - 2.65 GHz are acceptable.

Fig. 3. S-parameter Magnitude

 7

Fig. 4. S11 simulated result with bandwidth 62 MHz

The simulated patch antenna gave a resonant frequency of 1.8 GHz. The simulated re-
turn loss is found to be –15.327 dB. We get return loss peaks of the dual-band patch
antenna at 1.8 GHz, and 2.6 GHz are - 15.327dB and -18.724 dB respectively. The
radiation pattern at both frequencies in polar form is shown in the figure above. Figure
5 to 8 shows the excitation signal of the proposed antenna, the excitation signal S-Pa-
rameter, the Fairfield Radiation (Abs) pattern when the frequency is 1.8 GHz, and Fair-
field Radiation (Abs) pattern when the frequency 2.6 GHz is present. Based on our
results and when compare it with work which done by [26], the dual band recorded a
batter value in dB.

Fig. 5. Excitation signal of the proposed antenna

8

Fig. 6. The excitation signal S-Parameter of the proposed antenna.

Fig. 7. Fairfield Radiation (Abs) pattern when the frequency is 1.8 GHz.

Fig. 8. Fairfield Radiation (Abs) pattern when the frequency is 2.6 GHz.
 9

6 Conclusions

Dual-band creation and dual-polarized LTE Patch antenna are present. The planned
antenna works are - 15.327dB and -18.724 dB respectively return losses spanning Wi-
Max bands under the linearly polarized 1.8 GHz to 2.6 GHz range. Robust radiation
pattern findings have been produced that seems to be sufficient for the applications
envisaged. The antenna then suggested displays dual-polarized operational activity on
LTE bands. Present LTE band antenna distributions are in linear directions. Further-
more, the antenna features good directional radiation patterns, good matching imped-
ance and high gains, making it a right candidate for LTE communication applications
with three-band. The more findings are discussed in depth in our paper. For future work,
this antenna may be developed in the laboratory. Further research may be carried out
to calculate and examine the function antenna, such as radiation pattern, bandwidth,
and return loss. This is essential for the antenna to operate in the required features. To
test the fabricated antenna, the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) may be used to show
the real return failure, the S11 and the bandwidth relative to the simulation data. This
is necessary to ensure that the antenna functions according to the desired features.

References
1. H. Huang, "Flexible wireless antenna sensor: A review," IEEE sensors journal, vol. 13, no.
10, pp. 3865-3872, 2013.
2. A. S. Mustafa, A. J. Abdulelah, and A. K. Ahmed, "Multimodal Biometric System Iris and
Fingerprint Recognition Based on Fusion Technique," 2019.
3. M. Hamdi, "Hybrid Tow Feature Extraction Descriptor for Shape Pattern Recognition,"
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018.
4. M. S. Abood, M. Ismail, and R. Nordin, "A quiz management system based on P2P near-
field communication on Android platform for smart class environments," in 2016
International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering
(ICAEES), 2016, pp. 83-88: IEEE.
5. M. S. Abood, H. Wang, H. F. Mahdi, M. M. Hamdi, and A. S. Abdullah, "Review on secure
data aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks," in IOP Conference Series: Materials
Science and Engineering, 2021, vol. 1076, no. 1, p. 012053: IOP Publishing.
6. A. U. Ahmed, M. Islam, R. Azim, M. Ismail, and M. F. Mansor, "Microstrip antenna design
for femtocell coverage optimization," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation,
vol. 2014, 2014.
7. M. S. Abood, I. K. Thajeel, E. M. Alsaedi, M. M. Hamdi, A. S. Mustafa, and S. A. Rashid,
"Fuzzy Logic Controller to control the position of a mobile robot that follows a track on the
floor," in 2020 4th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative
Technologies (ISMSIT), 2020, pp. 1-7: IEEE.
8. A. Ibrahim, M. Ibrahim, and R. Dewan, "Dual band patch antenna for long term evolution
(LTE) application in femtocell network," in 2017 7th IEEE International Conference on
Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), 2017, pp. 310-313: IEEE.
9. A. S. Mustafa, M. M. Hamdi, H. F. Mahdi, and M. S. Abood, "VANET: Towards Security
Issues Review," in 2020 IEEE 5th International Symposium on Telecommunication
Technologies (ISTT), 2020, pp. 151-156: IEEE.
10

10. K. Yu, Y. Li, X. Luo, and X. Liu, "A modified E-shaped triple-band patch antenna for LTE
communication applications," in 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and
Propagation (APSURSI), 2016, pp. 295-296: IEEE.
11. M. M. Hamdi, L. Audah, S. A. Rashid, and M. A. Al-Mashhadani, "Coarse WDM in
Metropolitan Networks: Challenges, Standards, Applications, and Future Role," in 2020
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, vol. 1530, no. 1, p. 012062: IOP Publishing.
12. M. Hamdi, "BER Vs Eb/N0 BPSK Modulation over Different Types of Channel," Australian
Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018.
13. F. Redzwan, M. Ali, M. M. Tan, and N. Miswadi, "Dual-band Planar Inverted F Antenna
with parasitic element for LTE and WiMAX mobile communication," in 2014 International
Symposium on Technology Management and Emerging Technologies, 2014, pp. 62-67:
IEEE.
14. K. Chellappan, A. S. Mustafa, M. J. Mohammed, and A. M. Thajeel, "Layered Defense
Approach: Towards Total Network Security," International Journal of Computer Science
and Business Informatics, vol. 15, no. 1, 2015.
15. I. Dioum, A. Diallo, S. M. Farssi, and C. Luxey, "A novel compact dual-band LTE antenna-
system for MIMO operation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62,
no. 4, pp. 2291-2296, 2014.
16. R. Gupta, "Printed tri‐band monopole antenna structures for wireless applications,"
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 1781-1785, 2009.
17. M. M. Hamdi, A. S. Mustafa, H. F. Mahd, M. S. Abood, C. Kumar, and M. A. Al-shareeda,
"Performance Analysis of QoS in MANET based on IEEE 802.11 b," in 2020 IEEE
International Conference for Innovation in Technology (INOCON), 2020, pp. 1-5: IEEE.
18. H. F. Mahdi, M. M. Hamdi, M. S. Abood, A. J. Abdulelah, and R. Q. Mohammed, "An
Overview on Binary and Non-Binary Codes and Challenges in low Parity-Check-Density,"
in 2020 4th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative
Technologies (ISMSIT), 2020, pp. 1-6: IEEE.
19. N. A. Jasim, S. Abbood, and M. Salah, "Speech synthesis using neural network," Open
Science Journal, vol. 3, no. 1, 2018.
20. M. A. Afridi, "Microstrip patch antenna− designing at 2.4 GHz frequency," Biological and
chemical research, vol. 2015, pp. 128-132, 2015.
21. D. Bhalla and K. Bansal, "Design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna using inset feed
technique," IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 7, no. 4, pp.
08-13, 2013.
22. O. M. Adegoke and I. S. Eltoum, "Analysis and design of rectangular microstrip patch
antenna at 2.4 GHz WLAN applications," International journal of engineering research &
technology (IJERT), vol. 3, no. 8, 2014.
23. A. Ravindiran and V. Jeyalakshmi, "Design and implementation of Π-shaped slot dual band
antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications," in 2017 International Conference on Nextgen
Electronic Technologies: Silicon to Software (ICNETS2), 2017, pp. 75-78: IEEE.
24. C. Wang, Y. Chen, and S. Yang, "Dual-band dual-polarized antenna array with flat-top and
sharp cutoff radiation patterns for 2G/3G/LTE cellular bands," IEEE Transactions on
Antennas and Propagation, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 5907-5917, 2018.
25. N. Parmar, M. Saxena, and K. Nayak, "Review of Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN and
Wimax application," International Journal of Engineering Research And Applications, vol.
4, no. 1, pp. 168-171, 2014.
26. A. S. Al-Hiti, "Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX
Applications," ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 14, no. 2, 2019.