LITERATURE REVIEW

1. A.Bahurudeen et al. – have studied that the sugarcane bagasse ash can
be used as supplementary cementitious material in concrete.The
replacement ratio were 10%,15% & 20%.From this study it was observed
that polycarboxylic ether based superplasticizer was more compatible
with BA blended cement than sulphonated naphthalene based
superplasticizer.
- Raw bagasse ash had lesser value of pozzolanic activity than the
minimum requirement in the standards.
- The saturation dosage of superplasticizer was increased with increase
in bagasse ash replacement.
- SCBA based cements were found to be compatible with
polycarboxylic ether based superplasticizer and notcompatible with
sulphonated naphthalene.
2. A.Bahurudeen et al. – have studied the development of SCBA based
Portland pozzolana cement and its influence on the durability
performance of concrete.durability performance was investigated by five
different methods ,they are rapid chloride penetration test(RCPT),chloride
conductivity test,water sorptivity test,and tarrent air permeability test.The
results from this study show that the use of SCBA in concrete
significantly enhances its durability performance.
- Raw bagasse ash has low pozzolanic activity and high loss on ignition
due to presence of fibrous unburnt carbon particles.It can be improved
by grinding it to cement fineness.
- Reduction in permeability with increase in SCBA replacement is
purely from pozolanic property.
- Incorporation of SCBA in concrete substantially enhanced the
resistance against water penetration and chloride permeability.
- SCBA can be used as supplementary cementitious material to achieve
durable concrete.
3. A.Bahurudeen et al. – The study involves pozolanic performance
evaluation and microstructural characterization of SCBA for use of
pozolanic material in concrete. Different processing methods including
burning,grinding,complete removal of coarse fibrous particals by sieving
and combination of these methods were examined in this study.
- The sample of SCBA was found to have cpmletely burnt fine particles
and fibrous coarse particles.prismatic,spherical,irregular,and fibrous
 particle were observed in the microstructure of raw bagasse ash, which
was studied by scanning electron microscopy.
- The influence of burning of raw bagasse ash was investigated by
controlled burning at temperature of 600,700,800,900 degree
celcius.This process was found to influence the pozolanic activity of
BA.
- The influence of fineness was studied by grinding the raw bagasse ash
to different sizes ranging from 210 to 45um.
- Burnt BA at 700 degree celcius had higher pozolanic activity index
than sieved sample.Additional grinding of these samples to cement
fineness,resulted increase in pozolanic activity of sieved sample being
higer than burnt sample.
- Cpmaring the different processing methods,sieving through 300um
amd grinding to cement fineness(300m2/kg)was suggested because of
maximum pozolanic activity,low value of LOI and minimum
processing energy inputs compared to other processing methods.
4. A.Bahurudeen et al. – have studied the different replacement levels of
SCBA and performance of concrete with these cements in terms of
compressive strength,heat of hydration,drying shrinkage,and durability
are discussed in this paper.Durability performance was investigated by
oxygen permeability test,RCPT,chloride conductivity test,water sorptivity
test and DIN water permeability test.
- Concrete with bagasse ash replacement showed equal or marginally
better strength compared to controlled concrete even after 3days.
- The results clearly indicate that concrete of same grade can be
produced with up to 25% replacement of cement by SCBA.
- Heat of hydration of concrete containing SGBA with 10% and 20%
replacement was studied using adiabatic calorimetry.The total heat as
well as the peak heat rate of bagasse ash blended concrete was found
to be lesser than the control mix.
- Resistance of concrete against chloride and gas penetration
significantly increased with increase in BA replacement.
- Surface resistivity of SCBA replaced concretes was found to be higher
compared to controlled concrete due to excellent pozolanic
performance.
- Drying shrinkage of SCBA was similar to that of OPC concrete.
5. A.Bahudureen et al – have observed that the Bagasse ash has
amorphous silica content and can be used as supplementary cementitious
material in concrete instead ofbeing disposed in landfills.availability of
sugarcane bagasse ash in India and its potential for use as a
supplementary cementitious material in concrete are discussed here.
- The disposal of SCBA is a critical issue for sugar industries due to
environmental constraints and land requirement.
- Rapid implementation of new cogeneration plants in sugar industries
are further expected to increase BA generation significantly.
- SCBA has relative silica content in compositionand can be used as
supplementary cementitious material in concrete.
- Proper characterization of SCBA needs to be conducted to achieve
maximum energy inputs.Suitable processing methodology must be
developed for appropriate use in concrete.
- Proper use of BA may lead to achieve durable as well as sustainable
concrete and can tackle the disposal problem significantly.
6. A.Bahurudeen et al – have described the current specification in Indian
standards for assessment of pozolanic performance of new
supplementary cementitious materials.This paper also narrates the ways
to reach an effective evalution procedure to assess the pozolanic
performance of supplementary cementitious materials for use in concrete.
- This paper explains the current specifications in the Indian and
international standards for evaluation SCM.
- Furthermore, the requirements to achieve an efficient evaluation
scheme standards for SCM in Indian standards are emphasised and
proper characterisation strategy for new SCMs for use in concrete is
described here.
7. A.Bahurudeen et al – The assessment of pozolanic performance of
SCBA can be done in five different methods ,the metjods used were
strength activity index test,lime reactivity test,frattini test,electrical
conductivity test and lime saturation test.In addition chemical and
minerology analyses were also performed.Durability performance of
concrete with bagasse ash blended cement was evaluated and compared
with fly ash-based concrete.
- LOI of raw sugarcan bagasse ash is high due to presence of high
carbon content in the fibrous unburntparticles.Removal of these
fibrous particles reduces LOI.
- Frattini test and electrical conctivity method are more reliable for the
evaluation of pozolanic activity of SCM because of the issues
associated with strength-based tests.
- In strength activity test,water requirement of the processed bagasse
ash mortal is less than of raw BA mortar to obtain same flow.This
shows that removal of fibrous carbon particles also improves
workability of mortar.
- Concrete with bagasse ash blended cements showed higher strength
compared to control concrete for BA replacements up to 20% after 28
days of curing.
- Resistance against chloride,air,water permeability was increased to a
greater extent for SCBA blended concrete compared to control and fly
ash blended concrete with same level of replacement.
- Processed BA can be used as an excellent pozolanic addition in
blended cement production to attai durable and sustainable concrete
instead of being as a waste material.