Integration Is Pivotal
Integration Is Pivotal
Operations
       Integration is pivotal
       Fleet simulation, scheduling and optimisation,
       and maintenance planning
       Hexagon Mining
       Faced with fluctuating energy costs, volatile commodity prices, and tighter profit
       margins, mines must make the most of their equipment, data and people to
       succeed.
          Hexagon Mining believes that by integrating design,
       planning and operations technologies, mines can be
       safer and more productive. Fleet management is central
       to this mission because it represents a huge opportunity
       for mines to become safer, minimise energy consump-
       tion, reduce carbon footprints and save money.
          That’s why Leica Jigsaw technology is pivotal to
       Hexagon Mining’s vision of smart change and an
       integrated life-of-mine solution. Jigsaw is the world’s
                                                                                                    5
       most comprehensive fleet management production
       optimisation and high-precision guidance solution. Now
       it is aligned and integrated with Hexagon Mining’s
       planning software, MineSight, and safety technology,     Hexagon Mining VP
       SAFEmine. So people and processes traditionally          Global Services,
       separated into silos are becoming connected and more Matt Desmond
       productive.
          Hexagon Mining has wasted little time in incorporat-
       ing Jigsaw into new products HxM Blast, for precision
                                                                “Fleet manage
       drill and blast, and HxM Athena. HxM Athena is the       ment represents
       company’s business intelligence and business analytics a huge
       tool for linking mine planners to operational informa-
       tion. It complements Leica’s existing Jview Business
                                                                opportunity
       Analytics suite for Operation data. Jigsaw will also be  for mines to
       central to the company’s LIVEmine ethos of harnessing become safer,
       real-time technology to connect mine operations with
       mine planning and mine safety.
                                                                minimise energy
          In this chapter, we will look at the key technologies consumption,
       behind fleet management; its transition from best        reduce carbon
       practice to standard practice; its applications in the
       mining industry today; and the exciting future ahead.
                                                                footprints and
          To properly assess fleet management’s direction, we save money”
       first need to assess its origins and its importance.
       Hexagon Mining VP Global Services, Matt Desmond, offers this perspective: “At
Operations
              the core of what we do in mining, both in open pit and underground, we manage
              fleets and it’s critical to the business that we optimise those fleets and monitor
              what they’re doing. So, in Hexagon Mining’s vision of a life-of-mine solution, we
              see fleet management at the core of real-time production monitoring and
              optimisation. Fundamentally, that is going to improve safety, productivity and,
              therefore, lower the cost of mining.”
                 The 1970s saw the introduction of mainframe computers and true to Moore’s
              Law, computing power has been doubling every two years since. Communications
              technology, speed and bandwidth have increased significantly over the past 50
                                                      years. The late 1980s and early 90s saw the
              “In Hexagon Mining’s                    development of GPS for commercial applica-
                                                      tions. Meanwhile, equipment has simultane-
              vision of a life-of-                    ously become smaller but more robust. All of
              mine solution, we see                   this has had a profound effect on fleet
              fleet management at                     management in the mining industry.
                                                         Today, fleet management systems (FMS)
              the core of real-time                   exploit advancements in computing, commu-
  6
              production monitoring nications and positioning technologies to help
              and optimisation”                       optimise ore extraction and processing.
                                                         In advanced FMS systems, optimisation is
                                                      used to allocate trucks to shovels, accounting
              for many variables. Remote operating centres and autonomous control systems
              are becoming more common so more data is available than ever before. What was
              once best practice is now standard practice. Now Hexagon Mining is working on
              elevating a standard practice to a greater level of safety and productivity.
                 “Hexagon Mining is moving fleet management beyond standard practice
              to what we would call mission-critical practice,” says Desmond. “So we are
              integrating safety and connecting mine planning and scheduling systems to
              close the loop.
                 “Mining is not only capital-intensive but also relies on people, and people need
              information to make decisions. So it is critical that all of the information we are
              capturing from the various databases on board equipment, and in the mine
              planning systems, is centralised and put into a system such as HxM Athena.
                 The soon-to-be-released HxM Athena will pull information from a multitude of
              databases and allow mines to connect information from production with planning
              and scheduling.
                 The next step, says Desmond, is operational intelligence, “where we are actually
              getting information in real time from the equipment and people working in the
              field and we have the algorithms to act on it in real time.
                 “We are pushing the boundaries of business analytics into what we see is the
              real future of operational intelligence, acting on information in real time and
              creating smart change.”
Operations
          Integral to that smart change will be HxM Live Terrain, a product due for release
       next year.
          “When fleet management began in the 80s and 90s, we were really capturing
       information about production, about hours, about grade, about material and
       transactional data,” says Desmond. “What was missing from that was terrain
       information because everything we do in mining is about moving terrain safely
       and productively.
          “Live Terrain will combine real-time     “We are pushing the
       terrain information, which we are           boundaries of business
       capturing with sensors in the field, with   analytics into what we
       HxM Athena, which will connect produc-
       tion information with planning informa-     see is the real future of
       tion. Similarly, HxM Blast is connecting    operational intelligence”
       the drill and blast workflow between fleet
       management and the drilling department and mine planning. This will improve
       fragmentation, reduce the need for as much explosives, and improve the overall
       process down the road, which will lower the cost of processing.”
          So, how are Hexagon Mining fleet management solutions helping companies to
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       address rising capital expenditure and operating costs? Here are three examples.
Operations
Figure 1: Initial operator time management report for first shovel load
              Increased production
              Within six months of adopting the Leica Jigsaw Mine Management Solution,
              North Mara mine reported a marked improvement in equipment usage and
              efficiency.
                 Isaac Yiadom, FMS manager at ABG North Mara Mine, said the expectation had
              been “that if we could increase our equipment usage, then production would also
              be increased by about four times that amount”.
                 “This has been accomplished just by improving time management alone.”
                 ABG uses a variety of Leica Jigsaw’s tools, including Joptimizer. Before North
              Mara mine could benefit from using Joptimizer, it was important for the mine to
              understand the variables affecting production. The system had to be configured
              to account for these variables. Vehicles had to be assigned to circuits, according
              to Joptimizer’s results.
                 Previously, supervisors would appoint assignments to truck operators regardless
              of their route after unloading at the dumping location. Trucks would go to their
              respective dumping locations and return to where they had originally loaded the
              truck.
Operations
         Using Joptimizer, trucks now dump loads at the dumping location; then receive
       new assignments leading them to alternate loading units with shorter distances.
       Assignment routes are shorter and more efficient. With Joptimizer, only 13 trucks
       were needed to accomplish assignments, compared to 15 trucks that were
       previously necessary to complete the isolated circuits. Time is saved and
       productivity is increased.
       Reduced costs
       Originally, consultants created the North Mara mine design and recommended
       routes to and from each location. In one project, the consultants relocated a
       stockpile with an estimated 1Mt of sensitive material to a more adequate location.
       The original route assigned to move the material is labelled Old Route.
         After implementing Leica Jigsaw, North
       Mara mining engineers ran a simulation        “In one project, the
       using Leica Joptimizer tools. The findings consultants relocated a
       presented the Proposed New Route, as
       the shortest path that yielded the best
                                                     stockpile with an estimated
       output.                                       1Mt of sensitive material to
         Operators began using the Old Route         a more adequate location”
       and recorded an average 21-minute travel
       time between points A and B. Joptimiz-
       er’s Proposed New Route cut that time by a third. The optimised route meant
       increased truck productivity and significantly more output tons.
Operations
Operations
       1. Geology
       CDM produces grade-A
       copper cathode, supplied as
       refractory, and vein-type ore
       for processing into concen-
       trate. The mine is a copper
       porphyry system, structurally
       controlled by shear faulting
       with mineralisation stockwork,
       disseminated and varia-                Map showing the location of CDM in Mexico
                                                                                                       11
       ble-depth ranging oxidation.
          Oxidation is from the surface down to 430m, with chalcocite from 40m to 430m.
       The challenge lies in two types of minerals that cannot be processed the same
       way. The dominant alteration is quartz-sericite and sporadic areas with intense
       argillic alterations, meaning that close control is essential in the dilution and the
       selectivity of the ore.
                                                                               Figure 5:
                                                                               Cobre del
                                                                               Mayo is
                                                                               Mexico’s
                                                                               third-largest
                                                                               copper mine,
                                                                               and is located
                                                                               in southern
                                                                               Sonora
Operations
                            2. Fleet management
                            CDM’s fleet comprises the following:
                            • Three hydraulic shovels, Komatsu and Terex, and two retro excavators, Komatsu
                               and Caterpillar
                            • Three loaders and three high-precision first loaders
                            • 26 haul trucks, (twenty 789s and six 777s)
                            • Three drills, Sandvik, D75KS, and a high-precision dozer
                            • Auxiliary equipment, including dozers, graders and water trucks
                            • Retro excavators, which are roughly the size of the ore polygons (deposit areas).
                                  The potential 2,000t in one polygon make a system for dilution control essential.
            Photo: Shutterstock
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Operations
       Real-time alerts of delays were unavailable and receiving reliable data from the
       drill operator was difficult.
         Without a system to automate tracking and reporting, time management is a
       challenge.
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Leica Jigsaw technology helps Cobre del Mayo address complex ore distribution
          In June 2013, Leica-Jigsaw was among six systems evaluated by CDM to help
       solve these issues. After a technical economical study of Leica-Jigsaw, Micromine,
       Modular, Wenco, Logimine, and Caterpillar, CDM made its decision.
          “The best option was Leica Jigsaw,” said
       CDM’s Dispatch Manager, Victor Rodriguez.         “On October 1, 2013,
       “The evaluation process was done in the form
                                                         CDM went live with
       of a cost evaluation, as well as with a group of
       people who visited various mines. Most of         Leica-Jigsaw. On
       them were in Chile and observed first-hand        January 6, 2014, CDM
       the Leica Jigsaw working.”
                                                         began officially logging
          Less than two months later, initial hardware
       and software were deployed and on October         reports with Jview,
       1, 2013, CDM went live with Leica-Jigsaw. On Leica-Jigsaw’s business
       January 6, 2014, CDM began officially logging
                                                         intelligence suite”
       reports with Jview, Leica-Jigsaw’s business
       intelligence suite.
          Jview converts operational machine data into usable, actionable information via
       a suite of reports and dashboards that deliver a real-time view into mine opera-
       tions. Jview allows decisions to be made, based on accurate data, drastically
       improving site productivity practices on numerous levels.
Operations
              Paola Flores and Francisco Bustamante put Hexagon Mining’s fleet management
              solution to work
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                For CDM, the core implementation time frame from first instalment to go-live
              was roughly three months. Like most mines, CDM’s overriding objective is to
              produce more while lowering costs. Armed with Hexagon Mining’s fleet manage-
              ment solution, CDM was quickly able to increase safe mining operations and
              production output, while managing cost, quality and control.
Operations
Operations
              been achieved in our ore control, as can be seen in our current production
              increases.”
                 Daily plans can also be visualised via a quality tracker in each loader. Short-term
              planners load the plan in 12-hour increments so loading machines display their
              hauling requirements. This is a significant improvement on the old process, which
              involved marking surveyors with flags – flags that would sometimes be washed out
              in the rain.
                 “The solution provides reliable and flexible and automatic reporting, for
              production, productivity, availability, drilling information, and many other aspects
              of the mine operation,” said Rodriguez. The chart below shows an increase of
              19,963t from July 2014 to August 2014, representing a 9% increase in overall
              production.
                                                           Implementation by
                                                                 region (t/d)
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                 The road hazard alert equips each truck to recognise dangerous rocks on the
              road. A road hazard alert is sent, the co-ordinates are tracked via GPS, and a signal
              is sent to the graders who immediately know when and where they are needed.
                                                                   “In contrast to the past, we now
                                                                have real availability metrics on all
                                                                equipment, and when equipment
                                                                goes down, the operator pushes
                                                                one button and reports it to the
                                                                maintenance people, who may be
                                                                out for maintenance somewhere
                                                                but can react quickly and re-
                                                                spond, effectively while minimis-
                                                                ing lost time,” said Rodriguez.
                                                                   CDM has seen great benefits in
                                                                time management. The chart left
                                                                shows an average decrease of
               Statistical comparison between manual            35% on time-consuming, yet
               control in 2013 and Jigsaw in 2014               crucial activities, such as fuelling,
Operations
       shift changes, and food services. Before the system, the average time required for
       truck haul was 2.6 hours, compared to 1.7 now.
          CDM now monitors the authorisations of each worker and ensures only author-
       ised personnel operate the machinery. Information on their ability and authorisa-
       tion to operate equipment is stored and retrieved in real time, ensuring safety and
       efficiency.
          CDM is implementing automatic shift changes to remove the paper reports
       generated by operators. Soon, employees will simply use a CS screen to know
       which truck they will be operating that day, and which mode of transport will get
       them to the pit.
          “This will eliminate paper reporting and will greatly improve the process, as we
       eliminate some 12 or 15 reports that we did by hand,” said Rodriguez. “That’s
       great for us. We will use that time for doing other things.”
          The chart below shows the July and August improvements in time saved on
       daily shift changes, after Leica Jigsaw implementation and staff training.
                                                                                Delay in
                                                                                shift change
                                                                                (minutes)                 17
        The new software helps CDM deal with its data. “Because with Hexagon Mining
       Operations, with the Leica Jigsaw tool, I simply make a simple filter from Day 1 to
       Day 30 and I have all the information from the dispatch I need,” said Rodriguez.
                                                                               Pictured in Cobre
                                                                               del Mayo’s
                                                                               dispatch centre:
                                                                               Carlos Favela,
                                                                               Paola Flores,
                                                                               Angelica Almada,
                                                                               Victor Rodriguez,
                                                                               and Francisco
                                                                               Bustamante
Operations
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                               Leica Jigsaw makes sense of the data deluge, helping mine staff to solve
                               problems in near-real time
                                 Pueblo Viejo purchased the entire suite of Leica Jigsaw software in January
                               2011, and is running Jmineops, Jview, and Jhealth. In the pit it has implemented
                               Jtruck, and J²guidance for high precision on shovels/loading units, production
                               blast drills, dozers and track dozers.
                                 “One of the biggest benefits of the Jmineops system is the amount of data it
                               captures,” said Shane Boak, former FMS administrator at Barrick Gold.
                               “Everything that’s happening in the pit, in the mining environment, whether it be
                               time-based information, where the material is being picked up, where it’s getting
                               dumped, who’s operating the equipment, how fast it’s going, or what’s happening
                               with the engine.”
                                 In addition to Jmineops, Leica’s complementary software modules and hard-
                               ware components provide more precise measurement, enhanced operations
                               logic, and wider ranges of equipment usage in run-of-mine (ROM) processes. The
                               Universal Hardware Platform (UHP) also allows numerous OEM independent
                               interfacing options and integration potential for further equipment diagnostics,
                               maintenance, and life-cycle management all within the same system.
                                 “We’re using these tools to pull all this information together so we can make
                               more informed decisions,” said Boak. “We’re keeping trucks running longer and
Operations
       Leica Jmineops allows mines to track vehicles in explicit detail, helping to reduce
       idle time, fuel burn, engine hours and tyre wear
Operations
                “Accidents on the mine site are the last thing anyone wants, but when they do
              happen, it is important to analyse what was happening in the lead-up to the
              event,” said Boak. “Jmineops combined with Jhealth and use of conditional virtual
              alarms, operational sensor context and snapshots, make it possible to determine
              use of brakes, gear selection, and engine throttle position, giving you a ‘black
              box’-type analysis around many situations.”
                Data from Jmineops’ general equipment time utilisation and availability can also
              be analysed to identify areas of improvement in planning. This allows for transpar-
              ent decisions by management, shift supervisors, and maintenance crews concern-
              ing equipment use, rotation and requirements throughout operations. Tracking
              these details to reduce idle time, fuel burn, engine hours, tyre wear and other
              metrics increases efficiency and saves time and money.
Contributor biographies
                                       Hexagon Mining
                                       Faced with rising energy costs and tighter profit margins,
                                       companies are turning to Hexagon Mining for solutions.
                                         Hexagon Mining unites the innovative technologies of Devex
                                       Mining, Leica Geosystems Mining, MineSight and SAFEmine. It
                                       seamlessly links mine planning, design, fleet and production
                                       management, optimisation, fatigue monitoring, and collision
                                       avoidance software for a comprehensive flow of data across all
                                       operations. Hexagon Mining will focus on business intelligence
                                       and business analytics, (BI/BA) identifying non-productive time.
                                       By analysing such information and feeding it back into
                                       MineSight’s planning and operational programs, customers can
                                       plan and schedule around real-time information coming from
                                       their mine.
                                         Essential to Hexagon Mining’s solutions is safety. SAFEmine is
                                       the global benchmark for solutions that prevent mining
                                       accidents. More than 20,000 mining vehicles in 45 mines
                                       worldwide are equipped with SAFEmine’s Collision Avoidance
                                       Systems (CAS). Now SAFEmine has launched FatigueMonitor,
 32
                                       which is integrated with CAS.
                                       Website: hexagonmining.com
                                       Marcelo Romero
                                       FMS Product Manager
                                       Marcelo Romero oversees integration of the Leica Jigsaw fleet
                                       management solution with Hexagon Mining’s other
                                       technologies, MineSight, SmartMine UG, and SAFEmine.
                                          Marcelo joined the Tucson, Arizona office of Leica
                                       Geosystems Mining in July 2014, bringing more than 15 years’
                                       fleet management experience. Previously, he was an account
                                       manager for Mexico and the United States, a machine guidance
                                       specialist, a global technical expert engineer for health
                                       maintenance solutions in the US, and deployment and support
                                       engineer in Chile. His goal is to help create a life-of-mine fleet
                                       management solution, incorporating shovels, trucks, auxiliary
                                       equipment, and office applications. Marcelo has an electronics
                                       engineering degree with a major in automation from Federico
                                       Santa Maria Technical University in Chile.