DISTRICT MINERAL SURVEY REPORT

TIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

by

Geological Survey of India

State Unit : Tamil Nadu & Puducherry
Chennai

in collaboration with

Government of Tamil Nadu

Department of Geology & Mining
Tiruvannamalai

CONTENTS

Sl No Title Page
No.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY 3

3 LIST OF MINING LEASES 4

4 DETAILS OF ROYALTY 34

5 MINERALWISE PRODUCTION IN THE LAST THREE 34

YEARS

6 DETAILS OF PRODUCTION OF SAND OR BAJARI OR 35

MINOR MINERAL

7 PROCESS OF DEPOSITIONS OF SEDIMENTS IN THE 36

RIVERS

7.1 Types of erosion 36

7.1.1 Hydraulic action 36

7.1.2 Abrasion / Corrosion 37

7.1.3 Attrition 37

7.1.4 Corrosion / Solution 37

7.2 Transportation 37

7.2.1 Suspension 37

7.2.2 Solution 38
 Sl No Title Page
No.

7.2.3 Saltation 38

7.2.4 Traction 38

7.3 Deposition 38

7.4 Impact of sand removal from the river 40

7.5 Impacts on description 41

8 GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT 43

8.1 Total Area 44

8.2 Physiography 44

8.3 Drainage 44

8.4 Climate 45

8.5 Boundaries 45

8.6 Soil 45

8.7 Climate and rainfall 45

8.8 Population 46

8.9 River 46

8.10 Water Resource 46

47
8.11 Cropping Pattern
47
8.12 Transport and communication

8.13 Industries 47

8.14 Places of worship and tourist 48

9 LAND UTILISATION 49

9.1 Cropping Pattern 49

9.2 Soil 49
9.3 Forest and Hills 49
9.4 Industries 50
 Sl No Title Page
No.

10 PHYSIOGRAPHY 51

11 RAINFALL DATA 52

Railfall Data For Last Three Years 52

12 GEOLOGY AND MINERAL WEALTH 55

11.1 An outline on Geology of Tamil Nadu: 55

11.2 Mineral Wealth of District

11.2. Major Minerals 56

1
Iron Ore
11.2.1.1 56
Magnesite
11.2.1.2 57
Steatite / Soapstone
11.2.1.3 59
Fire Clay
11.2.1.4 61

11.3 Minor Minerals

Black Granite 62

Multi colour Granite 63

Rough stone and Jellies 63

Brick Clay 64

Sand 64

M - Sand 64

12 NEW FIND OF GOLD IN PONNAIYAR RIVER, 67

EDATHANUR

12.1 Confirmation of gold by goldsmith

12.2 Inspection Visit of Deputy Director General, GSI,

SU:TN&P

12.3 Study Area

12.4 Background Information

12.5 Laboratory studies

 Sl No Title Page
No.

12.6 Heavy mineral separation

12.7 Petrological studies

12.8 Chemical Analytical Result

EPMA Result

13 CONCLUSION

Sl No. List of Figures Page

No.

1.1 Toposheet in Tiruvannamalai District 1

1.2 Tiruvannamalai District (Taluk wise) 2

1.3 All Union Map, Tiruvannamalai District 2

7.3.1 Schematic picture of meandering and deposition 39

of Sediments

7.3.2 River Map of Tiruvannamalai District 39

7.4.1 Impact of Sand Extraction from River 40

8.1.1 Topographical Map of Tiruvannamalai District 41

8.10.1 Ground Water Level From 1991 – 2016 46

9.3.1 Forest Map of Tiruvannamalai District 49

11.1.1 Geological Map Of Tamil Nadu And Puducherry 55

12.3.1 Image showing the area of study 71

 Page
Sl No. List of Field Photograph
No.
1 Eriayur Reserve Forest 58

2 Magnesite, Narasinganallur 58

3 Dunite 58

4 Magnesite, Narasinganallur 58

5-6 Magnesite, Thenmudiayanur 58

7 - 10 Steatite / Soapstone, Radhapuram 59

11 - 12 Steatite / Soapstone, Poomalai R.F near Radhapuram 60

13 - 15 Tvl. Arcot Pipes, Fire Clay Factory 61

Cholawaram, Cheyyar Taluk

16 - 17 Fire Clay, Painkinar, Cheyyar - Taluk 61

18 - 19 Fire Clay, Periyakoil, Cheyyar - Taluk 61

20 Black Granite, Seilam, Vandavasi Taluk 62

21 Black Granite, Atthipakkam, Vandavasi Taluk 62

22 - 22 Multi Colour Granite, Nachiayapuram, Chetpet Taluk 63

23 Charnockite -Rough Stone Quarry, Athi , CheyyarTaluk 63

24 Charnockite -Rough Stone Quarry, Ezhacherry, Cheyyar 64

Taluk

25 & 26 Mining for M – Sand, Palli- Village, Cheyyar – Taluk 65

27 Powdered Rough stone for preparation of M - Sand 65

28 Crushing Unit for preparation of M - Sand 66

Gold mineralisation with Sulphide
29 68
in Epidote Hornblende Biotite Gneiss,

30 Pits excavated in the river course (R.Then Pennar) for 68

removing the top gravel and collecting weathered material
for panning

31 Weathered surface of Bed rock containing gold grains 68

 Page
Sl No. List of Field Photograph
No.
32 Close view of the bedrock hosting minute grains of visible 68
gold,

33 Visible gold grains on the weathered surface of hornblende 68

gneiss

34 Residue containing gold grains after panning 68

35 Residue containing gold grains after panning 68

36 Fault breccia with angular clasts within pseudotachylites 72

and development of mylonitic fabric, at Neepathurai
Fine grained garnetiferous gneiss with pseudotachylites,
37 72
at Neepathurai

38 Oxidised sulphidic zone at Neepathurai 72

Oxidised sulphidic zone with malachite stains,
39 72
at Neepathurai

40 Mylonitic fabric with development of boudins, 73

at Neepathurai
41 Panning for gold by the locales, at Neepathurai 73

42 Heavies containing gold grains 74

43 Gold grains mounted on thin section 74

44 - 47 Photomicrograph of gold grains associated with quartz grains 75

in hornblende gneiss at Edathanur
48 - 49 Photomicrograph of gold grains after heavy mineral 75
separation method at Edathanur

50 - 54 Photomicrograph of gold grains displaying the shape

and geometry

Sl No. List of Annexure Page

No.
77
1 Sample details for chemical analysis:
77
2 Sample details for petrological studies
78
3 General characteristic of gold
 1. INTRODUCTION

Geologically Tiruvannamalai District mainly comprises of rocks of

Archaeon age. The type of rocks found in the district are Charnockite, Granitic
gneiss, Epidote Hornblende Gneiss, Amphibolite, Pyroxenite, Dunite, Migmatites,
Banded Magnetite Quartzite, Shale and Clay. Dolerite dykes (Black Granite) are
also noticed cutting across the country rocks.

The need of the minor minerals particularly for infrastructural

development of Individuals as well as for the Government is increasing day by
day rapidly, accordingly the mining of minor minerals, is also developing
vigorously. However, each entity looking for a good environment for their habitat.

To assure the same a committee named DEIAA (District Level

Environment Impact Assessment Authority) is formed, principally for a safe and
careful minor mineral mining without leaving any major impact to the
environment. With the objective to generate the ―District Survey Report‖ for
Tiruvannamalai District a twenty one days collaborative field work was carried
out by Geological Survey of India, State Unit: Tamil Nadu & Puducherry, and
Dept. of Geology and Mining, Tiruvannamalai District to locate minor minerals,
along with mining activities in the district.

Fig.1.1 Toposheet in Tiruvannamalai District

1
 Fig.1.2 Tiruvannamalai District (Taluk wise)

Fig.1.3 All Union Map, Tiruvannamalai District

2
 2. OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT

The mineral base is found to be spread across for the district. It is one of
the most important factors for the industrial development of the area.
Tiruvannamalai district is enriched in with minerals deposit like Black Granite,
Multi colored Granite, Blue metal, Earth and Brick Clay.

Private companies play a major role in mining activity, where as the

Government agencies like TAMIN take part in mining dimension stones only. The
major minerals like PGE, Gold and Iron Ore are reported in the district. This area
has to be investigated by Geological Survey of India for mineral exploration
purpose in detail. Steatite (Soapstone), Magnesite and Pink Granite are available
in and around the reserve forest are to be considered for mining purpose.

3
 3.LIST OF MINING LEASES
TIRUVANNAMALAI TALUK – GOVERNMENT LAND

Name of
Sl. Name & Address of the SF. No &
the Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classification
No. Lessee Extent
Mineral

135
P.Adimoolam, 01.7.2009
Rough Tiruvannamalai (Part 4),
1 57A, Tamizhnagar, to 130/K2/2009
Stone Iynkunam 1.00.0
Tiruavannamalai taluk 30.6.2019
hectares

230/4
D.Jaiganesh,
Rough Tiruvannamalai (Part 2) 10.11.2009 to
2 Vettavalam village, 614/K2/2009
Stone Vettavalam 1.00.0 09.11.2019

Government Land – Rule 8

Tiruvannnamalai taluk
hectares

21
H.Rajaram,
Rough Tiruvannamalai (Part 2), 08.03.2010 to
3 Polur Main Road, 39/K2/2010
Stone Veraiyur 2.00.0 07.03.2020
Tiruvannamalai.
Hect.

6/1
A.Murugesan,
Rough Tiruvannamalai (Part 5), 05.4.2010
4 Nachanandhal 22/K2/2010
Stone Pavupattu 1.00.0 to 04.4.2020
Tiruvannamalai.
hectares

5
R.Singaram,
Thenimalai, 45/2C 73/K2/2010
Rough Tiruvannamalai Tiruvannamalai (Part 5), 05.4.2010
Stone Athipadi 1.00.0 to 04.4.2020
hectares

4
 Name of
Sl. Name & Address of the SF. No &
the Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classification
No. Lessee Extent
Mineral

A.Nakkeeran, 249/5 10.5.2010

Rough Tiruvannamalai
6 3, Kardukarar Street, 0.77.0 to 636/K2/2009
Stone Vettavalam
Vettavalam Hectare 09.5.2020

45/2C
R.Arul,
Rough Tiruvannamalai (Part 1), 13.5.2010
7 Melanandahal Village, 40/K2/2010
Stone Athipadi 1.00.0 to 12.5.2020
Tirukovilur Taluk.
hectares

N.Suresh, 194/2 (P),

Rough Tiruvannamalai 16.12.2010 to
8 25/73, Ayyankula Street, 2.00.0 43/K2/2010
Stone Meyyur 15.12.2020

Government Land - Rule 8

Tiruvannamalai hectares

91/2A
M.Selvaraj,
Rough (Part), 16.12.2010 to
9 Chengam Road, Adaiyur Tiruvannamalai 74/K2/2010
Stone 1.00.0 15.12.2020
Tiruvannamalai.
Hect.

91/2A
S.Prasanth,
Rough Triuvannamalai (Part), 23.12.2010 to
10 Chengam Road, 75/K2/2010
Stone Adaiyur 0.96.5 22.12.2020
Tiruvannamalai
hect.

S.Senthilkumar, 83, 24.12.2010

Rough Tiruvannamalai
11 10, Kardukarar Street, 1.23.5 to 168/K2/2010
Stone Vettavalam
Vettavalam. hectares 23.12.2020

12

45/2C
K.Thirumal, 01.3.2011
Rough Tiruvannamalai (Part 4),
Perayampattu post and to 72/K2/2010
Stone Athipadi 1.30.0
Village, Tandarampet 28.2.2021
hectare

5
 Name of
Sl. Name & Address of the SF. No &
the Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classification
No. Lessee Extent
Mineral

N. Harijayashree, 111/2

Government Land – Rule 8

Rough Vallivagai 28.04.2012 to
13 18/7, Vadamathathi St., 4.00.0 57/K/2012
Stone Triuvannamalai 27.04.2022
Tiruvannamalai hectares

R.Karthikeyan 135
20.04.2011
Rough 23/29, Lakshmipuram, Tiruvannamalai (part 3)
14 to 483/K2/2009
Stone Gandhi Nagar, Iynkunam 1.00.0
19.04.2021
Tiruvannamalai-2. Hect.

R.Sekar, S/o. Ramasamy, 94/1

12.09.2017
Rough Mel ChinnaGoundanpatti, Tiruvannamalai (part )
15 to 47/K2/2015
Stone Tharamangalam Village, Koothalavadi 1.00.0
11.09.2022
Omalur Taluk, Salem Dt. Hect.

TIRUVANNAMALAI TALUK – PATTA LAND

Name of
Sl. Name & Address of the SF. No &
the Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classification
No. Lessee Extent
Mineral

P.Vinayagamoorthi, 02.03.2016
Rough Tiruvannamalai 4/7
1 Ramana Nagar, to 104/K2/2015 Patta Land
Stone Pavitharam 0.75.5 Hect
Tiruvannamalai 01.03.2021

6
 CHENGAM TALUK – GOVERNMENT LAND
SF.Nos. &
Sl. Name of Name & Address of
Taluk & Village Extent Lease Period File No Classification
No. the Mineral Lessee
(in Hects.)

R.Durai 134/B 31.03.2009

Rough Chengam
1 Tandrampet Village, (Part) to Rc.No.287/K2/2008
Stone Porasapattu
Chengam 2.00.0 30.03.2019

S.Vasanthkumari 39/9 (0.27.5), 12.04.2010

Rough Chengam
2 Uchimalaikuppam 39/11 (0.35.0) to Rc.No.621/K2/2009
Stone Uchimalaikuppam
Chengam 1.35.5 11.04.2020

Government Land – Rule 8

K.Durai
58 05.05.2010
Rough 1/2, Ramalinganar Chengam
3 (Part1) to Rc.No.27/K2/2010
Stone Street, Paliapattu
1.00.0 04.05.2020
Tiruvannamalai

R.Jeevanantham,
39/1 13.05.2010
Rough 50, Avarangaatu Chengam
4 (Part2) to Rc.No.24/K2/2010
Stone Street, Chinnakolapadi
2.00.0 12.05.2020
Tiruvannamalai

R.M.Jayavelu 58/3 03.11.2010

Rough Chengam
5 Chengam Road, (Part-1) to Rc.No.28/K2/2010
Stone Paliapattu
Tiruvannamalai 1.50.0 02.11.2020

M.Palani 105/1
Rough Chengam 12.01.2016 to
6 6, Peygopuram St., (Part-1A) Rc.No.15/K2/2011
Stone Periyakolapadi 11.01.2026
Tiruvannamalai 0.50.0

7
Sl. Name of Name & Address of SF. No &
Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classification
No. the Mineral the Lessee Extent

Sadhaknawas, No.

Government Land – Rule 8

25,
Rough Chengam 105/1 (Part- 12.01.2016 to
7 3rd Street,Valace Rc.No.14/K2/2011
Stone Periyakolapadi 1)0.50.0 11.01.2021
Garden,
Chennai-6.

Tmt.S.Kanimozhi
/o.Shanmugam,
Rough Chengam 105/1 (Part-4) 28.07.2016 to
8 No.152, Old St, Rc.No.48/K2/2015
Stone Periyakolapadi 1.00.0 27.07.2021
Avoor Village,
Tiruvannamalai

CHENGAM TALUK – PATTA LAND

SF.Nos. &
Sl. Name of Name & Address of
Taluk & Village Extent Lease Period File No Classification
No. the Mineral Lessee
(in Hects.)

K.Bakthavachalam,
S/o. Kuppusamy Chengam 294/1 (Part) 24.05.2018 to
1 Gravel Rc.No.121/K2/2016 Patta Land
Gounder, Pudhupattu Paramananthal 1.21.5 23.05.2019
Village, Chengam Taluk.

8
 POLUR TALUK – GOVERNMENT LAND
Name of SF.Nos. &
Name & Address of
Sl.No. the Taluk & Village Extent Lease Period File No Classification
Lessee
Mineral (in Hects.)

M.Julia
W/o. Mariyaselvam, 507/1A 22.6.2009
Rough Polur taluk
1 180, Vambalur Road, (Part A), to 231/K2/2009
Stone Tirumalai
Tirumalai village, 2.00.0 hect. 21.6.2019
Polur taluk

K.C.Chinnakuzhandai, 16.12.2010
Rough Polur taluk Vadamadhimangalam 158/6,
2 Kuppam village, to 628/K2/2009
Stone Village 2.89.0 hectares
Polur taluk. 15.12.2020

Government Land – Rule 8

M.Parthiban,
224/1 24.12.2010
Rough 27/A, Vengadathan
3 Polur taluk Pudhupalayam (Part A), to 136/K2/2010
Stone street, Polur taluk &
1.00.0 Hect. 23.12.2020
village.

R.Kumar, 17.3.2011
Rough Polur Taluk 140/1,
4 Kil Arsampattu village, to 135/K2/2010
Stone Kuppam Village 1.02.5 hect.
Vellore TK & DT. 16.3.2021

R.Kumar Polur Taluk 25.5.2012

Rough Kuppam Village 53 (Part-2)
5 Kil-Arasampattu Vge., to 21/K2/2011
Stone 2.00.0
Vellore Taluk. 24.5.2022

S.Rajakumar
21.07.2016
Rough S/o.Subaramani 97/1A1
6 Vasur village, Polur Taluk. to 50/K/2015
Stone 2/57, Pillaiyar koil st, 2.00.0 hectares
20.07.2021
Kalasapakkam.
E.Sivakumar,
S/o Elumalai, 21.07.2016
Rough Pudupalayam Village Polur 224/1 (Part-2)
7 No.20.26.J.30, VRS to 51/K/2015
Stone Taluk. 2.00.0 hectares
Nagar,Govindasamy 20.07.2021
street,Polur.

9
 Polur Patta Land
Name of
Name & Address of SF.Nos. & Extent
Sl.No. the Taluk & Village Lease Period File No Classification
Lessee (in Hects.)
Mineral

M.Vasudevan,
S/o. Masilamani, 24.05.2018
28/4A,4B
1 Gravel Naganadhi village, Kalpattu Village Polur Taluk. to 83/K/2016
1.21.5 hectares

Patta Land
Kollaimedu, 23.05.2019
Vellore Taluk & District.

Thiru.K.S.BABURAJ, Kasthambadi Village, Polur

No.12/14,3rd Cross Taluk
Rough Street, Karpagam 634/2, 635/10 1.66.0 14.11.2018 to
2 101/Kanimam/2018
Stone Garden, Adayar, hect 13.11.2023
chennai -20

10
 THANDARAMPATTU TALUK - GOVERNMENT LAND
Name of SF.Nos. &
Sl. Name & Address of
the Taluk & Village Extent Lease Period File No Classification
No. Lessee
Mineral (in Hects.)
P.Soundarajan 31.03.2009
Rough Tandarampet 1
1 Kolamanjanur Village, To Rc.No.230/K2/2009
Stone Kolamanjanur 2.00.0
Tandarampet 30.03.2019
B.L.Arunachalam 77/3 17.03.2010
Rough Tandarampet taluk,
2 Beemanandhal Village, (Part2) To Rc.No.26/K2/2010
Stone Kannakandhal
Chengam 0.50.0 16.03.2020
P.Radhakrishnan 249/2B, 12.04.2010
Rough Tandarampet
3 Mettu Street, 250/5 To Rc.No.20/K2/2010
Stone Sathanur
Tiruvannamalai 1.03.5 11.04.2020

Government Land – Rule 8

M.Govindarajan,
S/o. Muthukrishnan, 59 28.06.2010
Rough Tandrampet
4 3/337, Allabasha (Part-1) To Rc.No.79/K2/2010
Stone Thondamanur
Mungilthuraipattu 2.00.0 27.06.2020
Shankarapuram Tk.
A.Thenarmozhi 535 23.08.2010
Rough Tandrampet
5 Manalurmel Siruvallur (Part1) TO Rc.No.134/K2/2010
Stone Perukulathur
Village, Sankarapuram 2.00.0 22.08.2020

Tmt.K.Sarasu 258/5 17.03.2011

Rough Tandrampet
6 53, Nehru Street, (PartA) To Rc.No.626/K2/2009
Stone Sathanur
Chengam 1.00.0 16.03.2021
R.Dhanakotti 3 30.03.2011
Rough Tandrampet
7 Varagur Village, (Part2) To Rc.No.18/K2/2011
Stone Varagur
Tandrampet 1.00.0 29.03.2021
8
1 18.04.2011
Rough P.PalaniKolamanjanur TandrampetKolamanjan
(Part2) To Rc.No.20/K2/2011
Stone Village,Tandarampet. ur
2.00.0 17.04.2021

11
 Name of SF.Nos. &
Sl. Name & Address of
the Taluk & Village Extent Lease Period File No Classification
No. Lessee
Mineral (in Hects.)
M.Veeramani 294 24.05.2012

Government Land – Rule 8

Rough Thandarampattu
9 Royandapuram Village (Part-1) to Rc.No.19/K2/2011
Stone Royandapuram
Thandarampattu Tk. 2.00.0 23.05.2022
G.Harikrishnan, S.F.7/1 04.11.2009
Rough Thandarampattu
10 Meyyur village, (P) to R.C.No. 293/K-2/2008
Stone Kampattu
Tiruvannamalai. 1.00.0 03.11.2019
M.Vinothkannan, 20.01.2016
Rough Thandarampattu 21/1A (Part-1)
11 Varagur Village, to Rc.No.49/K/ 2015
Stone Varagur 0.40.0
Tandrampet 19.01.2021
Tmt.R.Amutha
11.06.2018
Rough W/o.S.Ramachandran, Thandarampattu 51 (Part)
12 to Rc.No.396/K/ 2017
Stone No.712, Bajanai Koil st Allappanur 2.00.0
10.06.2028
Thandrampattu Taluk

THANDARAMPATTU - PATTA LAND

SF.Nos. &
Name of Name & Address of
Sl.No. Taluk & Village Extent Lease Period File No Classification
the Mineral Lessee
(in Hects.)
T.Selvaraj,
16.06.2014
Rough Harur Main Road, Thandarampattu Taluk 144/2(P)
1 to 31/K/2013 Patta Land
Stone Mothakkal village, Mothakkal Village 0.40.5
15.06.2019
Thandarampattu Tk.
R.Gopi, 4/75B,
2/1, 2/2A, 02.06.2016
Rough Veerapathran Kovil St., Thandarampattu
2 2/3 to 101/K/2015 Patta Land
Stone Vijayappanur, Varagur Village
- 1.71.0 01.06.2021
Thandarampattu Tk.

12
 CHEYYAR TALUK – GOVERNMENT LAND
Name of Name & Address of Taluk &
Sl. No. SF.No. & Extent Lease Period File No. Classification
Mineral the Lease Village

S.Nagaraj Athi Village 17.12.2011

Rough S.No.276/1 Government land –
1 Manampathy Village, Cheyyar to 29/K2/2011
Stone 1.53.0 Hectare. Rule 8
Uthiramerur Taluk. Taluk. 16.12.2021

CHEYYAR TALUK – PATTA LAND

Name of
Name & Address of the Classifi-
Sl.No. the Taluk & Village SF. No & Extent Lease Period File No.
Lessee cation
Mineral
Thiru.R.Venkatachalam,
S/o. Ramasamy, 66/3A (1.03.0) &
Rough Cheyyar Taluk 21.07.2016 to

Patta Land
1 No.30, New State Bank 66/3B (1.87.0) 95/K/2015
Stone Palli Village 20.07.2021
Colony, West Tambaram, (2.90.0 )
Chennai.
Tvl.SRC Projects (P) Ltd., 40/1 (Part)
Rough 4-B, Lakshmipuram, Gandhi Cheyyar Taluk (0.45.5), 40/3 21.07.2016 to
2 99/K/2015
Stone Road, Palli Village (0.36.5) etc 20.07.2021
Salem-636 007. 4.75.5 hect .

Thiru.I.Prakash

Patta Land
S/o. Inbasekaran,
Cheyyar Taluk 6/5 (0.43.5) &
Rough Senthamangalam Village 28.07.2016 to
3 Painkinar 8/1A (0.34.5) 122/K/2015
Stone S.V.Chathiram (Via), 27.07.2021
Village 0.78.0 hect .
Sriperumpthur Taluk,
Kanchipuram District.

13
 Thiru.S.Suresh Babu
S/o. Shanmugam, 110/2A (0.24.5),
Cheyyar Taluk
Rough No.5, Kulakkarai Street 110/2B (0.40.0) 28.07.2016 to
4 Kurumbur 147/K/2015
Stone Anakkaputhur Village, etc. 3.88.5 hect 27.07.2021
Village
Thambaram Taluk, .
Chennai District.

80/2(0.02.5),
Thiru.R.Velmurugan,s/o 81/1 (0.31.0),
Cheyyar
Rough Rajaram,304, Theradi 81/2A(0.17.5), 17.09.2018 to
5 TalukPalli 360/K/2017
Stone Street,Asanamapettai 81/2B (0.48.0), 16.09.2023
Village
Village,Vembakkam Taluk. 84/1 (0.21.0)
1.20.0 hect .

Thiru.S.MURUGAN,
12/1
S/o. Subramanian, Cheyyar Taluk
Rough 20/2C 03.11.2018 to
6 No.62/2 , Vedanatham Agatheripattu 125/K/2015
Stone 20/3B 02.11.2023
Village, Tiruvannamalai Village
etc., 2.06.5 hect.,
Taluk & District.

Thiru.M.Marimuthu,
Rough S/o. Maharajan, 74/3,74/4 0.98.5 16.11.2018 to
7 Cheyyar, Palli 413/K/2017
Stone Kilpudupakkam Village, Hect 15.11.2023
Cheyyar Taluk,
Tiruvannamalai District.

14
 VEMBAKKAM TALUK – PATTA LAND

Name of
Sl.No. the Name & Address of the Lessee Taluk & Village SF. No & Extent Lease Period File No. Classifi-cation
Mineral

R.Seenuvasan,
65/4, 5, 7,
Rough Road Street, Ezhacheri Village 27.06.2014 to
1 8A, 66/4 176/K/2013
Stone Arasanipalai village, Vembakkam Vembakkam Taluk 26.06.2019
3.42.0 Hect.
Taluk

Thiru. Ganesh Kaskar,

Executive Director, 16/2B, 16/8, 17/2,
Rough Sithalapakkam Village 14.07.2014 to
2 RMC Ready mix (India) & etc., 105/K/2013
Stone Vembakkam Taluk 13.07.2019
Sidco Industrial Estate, 4.23.5
Thirumudivakkam,Chennai.

Thiru. D.Madhavan
91/2B, 91/3A
Rough s/o Dhanapal, Girijapuram Village 03.03.2015 to
3 & etc., 116/K/2013
Stone 19, Sarangapani street, Vembakkam Taluk 02.03.2020
0.90.0

Patta Land
Ambathur, Chennai-53.

Thiru. R.Mohanraj
s/o Rajagopal,
Rough Girijapuram Village 94/2B 13.05.2015 to
4 No.33, Pillaiyar koil street, 242/K/2012
Stone Vembakkam Taluk 0.81.0 12.05.2020
Puliyambedu village,
Ambatthur Taluk.

Thiru. N.Subramani
s/o Nallathambi, 123/18A, 123/18B,
Rough Menallur Village 21.07.2016 to
5 No 210 , Mandapam Junction etc., 75/K/2014
Stone Vembakkam Taluk 20.07.2021
Arpakkam Village, 3.02.5
Kanchipuram.
Thiru. B.Sri Devi,
W/o. P.Balaji,
1181/2A (0.56.5),
Rough No.56, Balasundaram Street, Kundiyanthandalm 28.07.2016 to
6 181/2B (0.24.0), 12/K/2015
Stone Chandramohan Nagar, Village Vembakkam Taluk 27.07.2021
etc., 1.15.5 Hect.
Velingapattarai,
Kanchipuram .

15
 Name of
Sl.No. the Name & Address of the Lessee Taluk & Village SF. No & Extent Lease Period File No. Classifi-cation
Mineral

Thiru.K.Kumar,
S/o. Kannaiyan, 14B (0.12.0),
Rough Kundiyanthandalm 28.07.2016 to
7 No.2/32, Mandapam Junction, 163/14C (0.12.0), 14/K/2015
Stone Village Vembakkam Taluk 27.07.2021
Arpakkam Village & Post, etc., 2.29.5 Hect.
Kanchipuram.

Thiru.K.Thirumalai,
S/o. Kannaiyan, 174/1A1 (0.74.5) &
Rough Suruttal Village 28.07.2016 to
8 No.52, Pillaiyar Koil Street, 175/2 (0.75.5) 29/K/2015
Stone Vembakkam Taluk 27.07.2021
M.G.R. Nagar,Kundrathur, 1.50.0 Hect.
Chennai 600 069.
Thiru.M.Palanisamy
455/6, 624/1A,
Rough 81, Santhi Nagar First Street, Cheyyar Taluk 06.06.2016 to
9 624/1C 11/K/2014
Stone Chengalpattu, Thiruppanamoor 05.06.2021
(0.90.5)

Patta Land
Kanchipuram District

J. Venkatesan 217/1, 217/2,

Rough 153-A/1, Pillaiyar Koil Street, Vembakkam Taluk 217/4(Part), 217/5 14.09.2017 to
10 06/K/2017
Stone Melapattu Vge., Chithathur (Part) Totally 13.09.2022
Cheyyar Taluk. 1.00.0 Hect.
Thiru.E.Panneerselvam
S/o. Elumalai,
89, Vanniya Mettu St.,
Rough Vembakkam Taluk 14.09.2017 to
11 Arpakkam Village, 187/3(1.43.0 ) 131/K/2015
Stone Kundiyan-thandalam 13.09.2022
Kanchipuram Tk & Dt.

Thiru.L.Sudhakar S/o.Loganathan,
89, Palla Street, Agaram Village,
Kanchipuram Taluk. 94/4, 95/2, 96/1,
Rough Vembakkam Taluk 14.09.2017 to
12 103/11, 103/12 105/K/2016
Stone Girijapuram Village 13.09.2022
(3.51.5)

16
 Name of
the
Sl.No. Mineral Name & Address of the Lessee Taluk & Village SF. No & Extent Lease Period File No. Classification

Thiru.A.ARON SAMUVEL,
S/o. Arockiyanathan, 176/6A,6B,7A,7B,7
Rough Vembakkam Taluk 17.09.2018 to
13 No.15, Sesha Nagar, C,9A,9B 1.83.5 80/K/2017
Stone Kundiyanthandalam 16.09.2023
Poovirnthavalli, Hect
Chennai – 600 056.

Thiru.M.SUDHARSAN, 178/,1B2,1C1,1C2,
Rough Pl.No.37, Parvathi Nagar, Vembakkam Taluk 1D1,1D2, 17.09.2018 to
14 377/K/2017
Stone 3rd Street, Madampakkam, Kundiyanthandalam 1D4,181/1C1, 1C2 16.09.2023
Chennai- 600 126. & 1G1 3.25.0 Hect.

Thiru.S.SRIDHAR,
44/11,58/7,5A,60/
S/o.T.Sivaprakasam,
Rough Vembakkam Taluk 2,58/5B,59/1A,1B, 17.09.2018 to
15 Managing Director,’ 26/K/2018
Stone Kaganam 2B,60/3,5,6,7 16.09.2023
SKT MINES,No.19C, Villakkadi Koil
3.96.5 Hect.

Patta Land
Thoppu Street,Kancheepuram.

Rough B.Dheenan , Ezhacheri Village 20.07.2018 to

16 65/6 0.95.5 78/K/2014
Stone Vembakkam Taluk Vembakkam Taluk 01.03.2021

THIRU.K.DEVARAJ,
83/11F83/11G,
S/o. T.Kanniyappan,
83/11H,92/1B,
No.105, Gandhisilai Street,
Rough Vembakkam Taluk 92/3A,92/3B 17.10.2018 to
17 Lakshmipuram Village, 248/K/2017
Stone Girijapuram 92/3C,98/13A 14.10.2023
Vembakkam Taluk,
98/14A,91/4B
Tiruvannamalai District.
2.10.0 Hect.

ThiruJ.K.SRINIVASANS/o.
Kannan,No.782, Mariyamman Koil
Rough Vembakkam 260/1A2305/81.21 15.10.2018 to
18 Street,Jambodai Village, 249/K/2017
Stone TalukChithathoor .54 Hect. 14.10.2023
Azhividaithangal Post,Vembakkam
Taluk.

17
 Name of
Sl.No. the Name & Address of the Lessee Taluk & Village SF. No & Extent Lease Period File No. Classifi-cation
Mineral

Thiru.M.R.AZHAGIRI,
8/1A,8/1B
S/o. M.P.Rajalingam, 17.10.2018
Rough Vembakkam Taluk 8/1C,8/1D
19 No.120, Shanmuganandhar Kovil to 85/K/2018
Stone Chithalapakkam & etc.,
St, Sriperumbuthur Tk, 16.10.2023
3.87.5 Hect.
Kancheepuram District.

Tvl.Golden Sands, 1/2B2B,1/2D

Rough No.15, 4th Street, 1/7,1/8,1/9 07.11.2018 to
20 Vembakkam, Ezchari 23/K/2018
Stone VGP Lay Out, East coast Road, 1/2C, 20/3A 06.11.2023
Chennai-115. 3.74.5 Hect

Thiru.C.Sugumar,S/o.
20/1H, 20/1I,
Rough Chandrababu,No.18-A, V.V.Kovil 16.11.2018 to
21 Vembakkam, Ezchari 20/3B,20/3C and 375/K/2017
Stone Street, Walajabad 15.11.2023
20/3D 1.82.5 Hect
Taluk,Kancheepuram District.

Patta Land
THIRU.E.MUTHUKRISHNAN,
S/o. G.Elumalai,
16/6
Rough No.221,Chenjiamman Koil st, Vembakkam, 22.11.2018 to
22 16/7 337/K/2017
Stone Chithalappakkam Village, Chithalapakkam 23.11.2023
17/1 1.26.0 Hect
Arasanipalayam Post,
Vempakkam Taluk.

Thiru.R.Venkatasubramaniyan
168/2A
S/o. G. Ramachandiran,
Rough Vembakkam Taluk 168/2B2 04.12.2018 to
23 No.83/1 Pillaiyar Kovil Street, 05/K/2018
Stone Kundiyan-thandalam 168/2C 05.12.2023
Sirumayilur Village,
2.43.0 Hect
Kancheepuram- 635 501.

Tvl.SRC Projects (P) Ltd.,4-B, 213/1,

Rough Chithathur Village 14.12.2018 to
24 Lakshmipuram,Gandhi Road,Salem- 213/2214/1, & 371/K/2017
Stone Vembakkam Taluk 13.12.2023
636 007. etc., 4.71.5 Hect

18
 CHETHUPATTU TALUK – GOVERNMENT LAND
Name of
Sl.No the Name & Address of the Lessee Taluk & Village SF. No & Extent Lease Period File No. Classification
Mineral

J.M.Constructions,
88, 7th Cross Street, 214/1 25.05.2009
Rough Chethupattu Taluk
1 Anna Nagar, (Part 1), to 136/K2/2009
Stone Thellarampattu
Pelamedu, 1.00.0 24.05.2019

Government Land – Rule 8

Coimbatore – 4.

J.M.Constructions,
88, 7th Cross Street, 214/1 25.05.2009
Rough Chethupattu Taluk
2 Anna Nagar, (Part 2), to 137/K2/2009
Stone Thellarampattu
Pelamedu, 1.00.0 24.05.2019
Coimbatore – 4.

K.Gopinath, 03.06.2011
Rough Chethupattu Taluk 111(Part 2),
3 Kandigai melkottaiyur post, to 26/K2/2011
Stone Avaniapuram village, 2.00.0 hectares
Chengelpet taluk. 02.06.2021

V.Rajagopal, 17.12.2011
Rough Chethupattu Taluk 63/2 (Part)
4 Oorapakkam, to 169/K2/2010
Stone Jeganathapuram village, 1.00.0 hectares
Chengalpattu. 16.12.2021

19
 VANDAVASI TALUK – GOVERNMENT LAND
Name of
SF. No &
Sl.No the Name & Address of the Lessee Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classification
Extent
Mineral

IVRCL building products Ltd.,

172/1 12.05.2010
Rough 30-A, 6th Cross Road, Vandavasi taluk.
1 (Part A), to 604/K2/2009
Stone Thiru.vi.Ka Industrial Estate, Gangampoondi
2.00.0 11.05.2020
Guindy, Chennai – 32.

IVRCL building products Ltd.,

172/1 12.05.2010
Rough 30-A, 6th Cross Road, Vandavasi taluk.
2 (Part B), to 605/K2/2009
Stone Thiru.vi.Ka Industrial Estate, Gangampoondi
2.00.0 11.05.2020
Guindy, Chennai – 32.

Government Land – Rule 8

D.saravanan, 176 18.10.2010
Rough Seeyalam village,
3 Venkatapuram, (Part A), to 140/K2/2010
Stone Vandavasi taluk
Saidapet,Chennai – 15. 2.00.0 17.10.2020

K.Pasupathy, 25.10.2010
Rough Seeyalam village, 176(Part C),
4 Pancharai Post, to 142/K2/2010
Stone Vandavasi taluk 2.00.0
Vandavasi taluk. 24.10.2020

176 18.10.2010
Rough R.Tamilvanan, Seeyalam village,
5 (Part D), to 143/K2/2010
Stone Saidapet,Chennai –15. Vandavasi Tk.
2.00.0 17.10.2020
R.Ramadoss, 08.12.2010
Rough Mazhaiyur village, 93/1,
6 7, Thirumanjanar Street, to 29/K2/2010
Stone Vandavasi taluk 1.77.0
Sirkazhi – 609 110. 07.12.2020

Mazhaiyur 08.12.2010
Rough P.Srinivasan,Pallavaram,Chennai - 93/6,
7 village,Vandavasi to 30/K2/2010
Stone 43 1.41.0
taluk 07.12.2020

Mohammed Muzammil 26.03.2012

Rough Vandavasi 70/1 (Part)
8 4-th Street, Thousand Lights, to 24/K2/2011
Stone Arungunam 2.00.0
Chennai-6. 25.03.2022

20
 VANDAVASI TALUK – PATTA LAND

Name of
SF. No &
Sl.No. the Name & Address of the Lessee Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classifi-cation
Extent
Mineral

VIJAY RAMAKRISHNAN
Vandavasi Taluk 23.09.2014
Rough Door No.52, MGR Road, 290, 291
1 Kizhnamandi to 193/K/2013
Stone Kalachitra Colony, (1.50.5)
Village 22.09.2019
Besent Nagar, Chennai-90

Thiru. G.VASUDEVAN,
S/O.Gengappan,

Patta Land
Door No.842-D, 08.12.2016
Rough Vandavasi Taluk 393/1
2 Vengidamangalam Road, to 115/K/2015
Stone Septangulam 1.04.0 Hectare
Melakkottaiyur, 07.12.2021
Chengalpattu Taluk,
Kancheepuram.

Thiru. G.RAJENDRAN, 22/1B

S/O.Gopal, (0.87.0),
22.12.2016
Rough No.18, First Street, Vandavasi Taluk 22/1C
3 to 37/K/2014
Stone Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Mavalavadi (0.44.0),
21.12.2021
Urapakkam Village, 33/3B (0.37.0)
Chengalpattu . 1.68.0 Hectare

21
 ARNI TALUK – GOVERNMENT LAND

Name of
Name & Address of the SF. No &
Sl.No. the Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classification
Lessee Extent
Mineral

V.Vijayakumar,
S/o. Vellai, 3
Mullandiram 5.(Part 4A), 04.11.2009
Rough Manikkapuram,
1 village, 1.00.0 to 233/K2/2009
Stone Kollacheri,
Arni taluk hectares 03.11.2019
Chennai – 600 069.

D.Ilanchezhian,
S/o. Theyvasikamani,
Mullandiram 53(Part 4), 04.11.2009
Rough 54, Appavu Nagar,
2 village, 1.00.0 to 756/K2/2009
Stone Maangadu,

Government Land – Rule 8

Arni taluk hectares 03.11.2019
Chennai – 602 101.

D.Rushendrakumar,
S/o. Theyvasikamani, 25/1(Part A) 04.11.2009
Rough Sirumoor village,
3 54, Appavu Nagar, 1.00.0 to 758/K2/2008
Stone Arni taluk
Maangadu, Hectare 03.11.2019
Chennai – 602 101.
J.Yamuna, 25/1(Part
04.11.2009
Rough T.H.Salai, Sirumoor village, B),
4 to 759/K2/2008
Stone Aandarasanpettai, Arni taluk 1.00.0
03.11.2019
Chennai – 602 107. hectares
Siddique basha,
188(Part), 19.11.2009
Rough Kunnathur village, Melnagar ramasani
5 2.00.0 to 602/K2/2009
Stone Arni taluk kuppam ,Arni
hectares 18.11.2019
S.Suresh,
S/o. Sundarrajan, 3,
53(Part 3), 23.11.2009
Rough Saradha Nagar, Mullandiram
6 1.00.0 to 135/K2/2009
Stone Agraharam Koratur, village, Arni taluk
hectares 22.11.2019
Chennai – 76.

22
 Name of
Name & Address of the SF. No &
Sl.No. the Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classification
Lessee Extent
Mineral
M.Shajakhan 29/1 24.05.2012

Government
Rough Arni Taluk
7 855, Bazar Street (Part-3) to 68/K/2012
Stone Melnagar
Santhavasal, Polur Tk. 1.00.0 23.05.2022

Land
A.Nazeer basha,
149 14.9.2010
Rough S/o. Allabasha, Ayyampalayam
8 (part), to 51/K2/2010
Stone 520/1, C.C.Road, village, Arni taluk
2.00.0 13.9.2020
Vannangulam, Arni.

ARNI TALUK – PATTA LAND

Name of the Name & Address of the SF. No & Classifi-

Sl.No. Taluk & Village Lease Period File No.
Mineral Lessee Extent cation

A.C.Mani, 515/2 25.09.2014

Patta land
Arni Taluk
1 Rough Stone Vetrilaikara street, 515/3A, 3B, to 36/K/2013
Ariyapadi Village
Arni. 3C 0.67.0 24.09.2019
A.G.Mohan, 13.11.2017
Arni Taluk 516/3 Part 1
2 Rough Stone 43, V.A.K.Nagar, to 52/K/2015
Ariyapadi Village 0.40.0
Arni Taluk 12.11.2022

MINOR MINERAL
Name of the Name & Address of SF. No &
Sl.No. Taluk & Village Lease Period File No. Classifi-cation
Mineral the Lessee Extent

Tvl.Arcot Pipes Cheyyar 131/2, 4.87.5 R.c.No.7031/MME/04,

No.118/259, Bazaar, Cholavaram 132/1 etc., Hect., dated.12.04.2005.
1 Fire Clay Street, Distirct.Rc.No.44/K-2/2004 Patta Land
Virudhachalam, dated.24.06.2005.
Cuddalore

23
 LIST OF EXISTING GRANITE QUARRY LEASES IN TIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT
TIRUVANNAMALAI TALUK

Name of
Sl. Name and Address of Clasiffi- Extent in G.O.No. & District Collector
the Village S.No. Period of lease
No. the Lessee (Tvl.) cation Hect., Proceedings No./dt.
Mineral
Tvl.R.Radhakrishnan 9.12.2010
Black G.O. (3D) No. 61 /Ind (MMB-1) Dept.
1 Karasanur Vilalge, Patta Land Vazhuthangulam 78/3C 1.41.0 to
Granite Dated: 03.12.2010.
Villupuram 8.12.2020

Tvl.R.K.Ramesh 6/2E, 17.3.2008 G.O. M.S. (3D) No. 12/Ind (MME-1)

Black
2 Virukampakkam Patta Land Karnampoondi 6/3C2, 1.27.0 to Dept.
Granite
Chennai & 7/4A 16.3.2028 Dated: 06.03.2008.

M/S. Aruna Granites, 21.01.2000

Black Govt. G.O.M.S. (4D) No.2/ Ind (MMB1) Dept.
3 109-A Big Street, Nadazhaga-nandal 61/2 2.21.0 to
Granite Land dated,27.8.1999
Tiruvannamalai. 20.01.2020
05.12.1990 G.O.No.1375/Ind/MME-1/ dept.
Tvl.Enterprising
Black Govt. to dated,28.11.1990.
4 Exporters Vettavalam 433/6 4.95.0
Granite Land 04.12.2000 W.P.No.11954/06 dated 26.04.2006.
Chennai.
Renewal applied.
G.O.Ms.No.248/Ind(MME2)Dept,Dt:14.
TAMIN 28.02.2000
Black Govt. 63/1, 09.94 &
5 39, Kamarajar Salai Velanandal 3.81.0 to
Granite Land 71, 78 Govt.Lr.No.31852/MME2/1993 Dt:
Chennai. 27.02.2020
4.02.2000
TAMIN
Black Govt. 08.01.2007 to G.O.(3D) No.38/Ind/ MME1/
6 39, Kamarajar Salai Velanandal 67 1.88.0
Granite Land 07.01.2027 Dept dated 17.6.2008
Chennai.

TAMIN 12.9.2008
Colour Govt. 56/6 G.O.Ms.No.49/Ind (MME1)Dept,
7 39, Kamarajar Salai Rantham 9.30.5 to
Granite Land (Part) Dt:22.7.2008
Chennai. 11.9.2038

24
 CHENGAM TALUK

Name of
Sl. Name and Address of the Clasiffi- Extent in Period of G.O.No. & District Collector
the Village S.No.
No Lessee (Tvl.) cation Hect., lease Proceedings No./dt.
Mineral

Tvl.Regal Granites and

Stone 115/1B, 06.06.2005
Black G.O.No.27/Ind,
1 Works, No.34/66, Oomer Patta Land Palamarathur 115/2B, 2.47.5 to
Granite dt: 02.05.2005.
Road, Ambur, Vellore 119/2B 05.06.2025
District.

Tvl.Zohra Imbex,
B2, T5, Rohini Garden
Black 132/2 01.8.2005 to G.O.50/Ind/MME-1/Dept.
2 Enclave, Pattabiraman Patta Land Eraiyur 1.00.0
Granite (Part) 31.7.2025 dated,11.7.2005
Street, Thennur,
Trichy-17

TAMIN 19.10.2004
Black 202/2, G.O.3D.42/Ind(MME1) Dept., Dt:
3 39, Kamarajar Salai Govt. Land Eraiyur 2.78.5 to
Granite 203/2 21.07.2004
Chennai. 18.10.2034

25
 THANDARAMPATTU TALUK

Name of
Sl. Name and Address of the Clasiffi- Extent in G.O.No. & District Collector
the Village S.No. Period of lease
No Lessee (Tvl.) cation Hect., Proceedings No./dt.
Mineral

Tvl. Sun Shine Enterprises

Black 162/3, 10.12.2004 to G.O.No.104/Ind (MMB.1) Dept,
1 Pvt. Ltd., Patta Land Thiruvadatha-nur 1.17.5
Granite 162/14 09.12.2024 Dt: 08.11.2004.
Coimbatore

Tvl. Balaji Granites,

Black Naripalli Village, 139/4, 24.12.2004 to G.O.No.107/Ind Dept,
2 Patta Land Mothakkal 1.07.5
Granite Harur Taluk, 144/1 144/5 23.12.2024 Dt: 24.11.2004.
Dharmapuri District.

70/5, G.O.3DNo.72/ Ind/ (MME-1)

Black Tvl.Madhucon GranitesLtd, Appunaicken- 9.11.2006
3 Patta Land 72/1, 2.73.0 dept.
Granite Khammam A.P palayam to 8.11.2026
73/3 dated,1.11.2006

21/3C1 G.O. M.S. (3D) No. 10/ Ind

Black Tvl.Madhucon Granites Ltd 17.3.2008
4 Patta Land Edakkal (Part), 2.39.5 (MME-1)Dept.
Granite Khammam AP to 16.3.2028
C3(part) etc Dated: 4.3.2008.

51/3A 2, 1.9.2008
Black Tvl MIr .Nazim Ali, Thenkarum-palur G.O.3(D) No.50/Ind/MME-
5 Patta Land 17/1(P)/17/ 2.26.0 to
Granite Jagadevi, Krishnagiri & Vanapuram 1/dept. dated,22.7.2008
2(P),17/3(P) 31.8.2028

04.07.1994
Tvl.Oriental Minerals stone, to G.O.3(D) No211/Ind/MMB-
Black
6 Sri Ram Nagar, Trichy Patta Land Malamnjanur No 245/1 Ext 1.10.0 03.07.2004 2/dept.
Granite
road,Nammakkal (Renewal dated,31.5.1994
applied)

26
 Thiru.M.RamasamyS/o.
52/1 (1.52.5) G.O.(3D) No.7 / Industries
Black Muthu 15.05.2015 to
7 Patta Land Thondamanur & 52/2A1 1.79.0 (MMB.2) Department,
Granite Gounder,MuthuGounderCol 14.05.2035
(0.26.5) Dated:10.03.2015.
ony,Harur-636903.

Thiru.N.Viswanathan
S/o. Narayanasamy, 277/3A1B, G.O.(3D) No.30 / Industries
Black 08.12.2015 to
8 Eraiyur Village, Patta Land Rayandapuram 277/3A2 1.07.5 (MMB.2) Department,
Granite 07.12.2035
Vanur Taluk, etc., Dated:29.10.2015.
Villupuram District.

Tvl.Lakshmi Sai Granites,

G.O.(3D) No.14/ Industries
Black No.4/491-C, 98/4A, 08.02.2016 to
9 Patta Land Agarampalli-pattu 3.10.0 (MMB.2) Department,
Granite Adhiyaman Nagar, 98/4B etc., 07.02.2036
Dated:25.01.2016.
Krishnagiri.

TAMIN 74(part) G.O.28/Ind/MME1 dept,

Black Govt. 15.06.2004 to
10 39, Kamarajar Salai Veeranam 126/1A, 20.50.0 dt:24.05.2004
Granite Land 14.06.2024
Chennai. 127,132 etc Renewal granted

TAMIN 29.11.2004
Black Govt. Appunaickan- G.O.57/Ind/MME/Dept
11 39, Kamarajar Salai 67 4.79.5 to
Granite Land palayam dt:31.08.2004
Chennai. 28.11.2034

TAMIN 28.11.2005
Black Govt. G.O.Ms.No.112/Ind/MME-
12 39, Kamarajar Salai Olagalapadi 83 29.62.0 to
Granite Land 1/dept, dated.30.8.2005
Chennai. 27.11.2035
TAMIN 26.12.2005
Black Govt. G.O.Ms.No.127/Ind/MME-
13 39, Kamarajar Salai Keelpachar 65(Part) 11.11.5 to
Granite Land 1/dept, dated.18.10.2005
Chennai. 25.12.2035

Black TAMIN39, Kamarajar Govt. 286/1 (Part), 22.5.2006 G.O.Ms.No.21/Ind(MME1)Dept,

14 Sathanur 2.41.0
Granite SalaiChennai. Land 304/1 to21.05.2036 Dt:27.02.2006

TAMIN 08.01.2007
Black Govt. G.O.Ms.No.164/Ind
15 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandaram-pattu 92 8.61.5 to
Granite Land (MME1)Dept, Dt:29.12.2006
Chennai. 07.01.2027

27
 TAMIN 09.02.2007
Black Govt. G.O.Ms.No.23/Ind (MME1)Dept,
16 39, Kamarajar Salai T.Velur 176(Part) 10.50.0 to
Granite Land Dt:29.01.2007
Chennai. 08.02.2027

TAMIN 01.09.2009
Black Govt. 4/2, 5.57.0 G.O.No.21/Ind/H2/Dept,
17 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandram-pattu to
Granite Land 4/37, 1.21.5 Dt:03.08.2009.
Chennai. 31.08.2029

TAMIN 20.04.2012
Black Govt. G.O.Ms.(3D)No.1/Ind (MME1)
18 39, Kamarajar Salai Kolamanjanur 125 7.27.5 to
Granite Land Dept., Dt:25.01.2012
Chennai. 19.04.2042

TAMIN
Colour Govt. 21.02.2012 G.O.Ms.(3D)No.61/Ind
19 39, Kamarajar Salai Rayandapuram 294(Part) 10.50.0
Granite Land to 20.02.2042 (MME1)Dept., Dt:05.12.2011
Chennai.
05.12.1990
G.O.No.1376/Ind/ MME-1/
to
Black Tvl.Magam Inc, Govt. dept. dated,28.11.1990
20 Agarampalli-pattu 99/2 0.86.0 04.12.2000.
Granite Chennai. Land W.P.No.20391/2000 dated
Renewal
20.12.2002.
applied.

28
 Vandavasi Taluk
Name of G.O.No. & District
Name and Address of the Clasiffi- Extent in
Sl.No. the Village S.No. Period of lease Collector Proceedings
Lessee cation Hect.,
Mineral No./dt.
Tvl.K.Vijaykumar,
6/2C(Part),
Black S/o.V.K.Sundaram 18.12.2006 to G.O. (3D). No.94/ Ind Dept.
1 Patta Land Seiyalam 7/2C1 (Part) 1.07.5
Granite No.3, Palace Nagar, 17.12.2026 Dated: 4.12.2006
etc,
Pudukotai & District.
222/1B,
31.3.2008 G.O.(M.S.) 3D No. 11 /Ind
Black Tvl.A.Gunasekaran. (Part),
2 Patta Land Athipakkam 1.22.0 to (MME-1) Dept.
Granite Balajinagar Chennai 225/B(part)
30.3.2028 date:,05.3.2008.
225/2 (Part)

Arani Taluk
Name of G.O.No. & District
Name and Address of the Clasiffi- Extent in
Sl.No. the Village S.No. Period of lease Collector Proceedings
Lessee cation Hect.,
Mineral No./dt.
TAMIN G.O.Ms.(3D)No.02/ Ind
Colour 27.04.2012
1 39, Kamarajar Salai Govt. Land Nachapuram 85 22.26.0 (MME1)Dept.,
Granite to 26.04.2042
Chennai. Dt:25.01.2012

Polur Taluk
Name of G.O.No. & District
Name and Address of the Clasiffi- Extent in
Sl.No. the Village S.No. Period of lease Collector Proceedings
Lessee cation Hect.,
Mineral No./dt.
TAMIN 17.10.2005 G.O.Ms.No.111/Ind (MME1)
Colour
1 39, Kamarajar Salai Govt. Land Sengunam 55A/1B1 22.88.5 to Dept.,
Granite
Chennai. 16.10.2034 Dt:30.08.2005

29
 MINOR MINERAL
Leases Granted Under Rule 8C

Name of
Name and Address of Extent in G.O.No. & District Collector
Sl.No. the Taluk Village S.No. Period of lease
the Lessee Hect., Proceedings No./dt.
Mineral
Tiruvannamalai Taluk

G.O.Ms.No.248/Ind(MME2)Dept,D
TAMIN 28.02.2000
Black 63/1, 71, t:14.09.94 &
1 39, Kamarajar Salai Tiruvannamalai Velanandal 3.81.0 to
Granite 78 Govt.Lr.No.31852/MME2/1993
Chennai. 27.02.2020
Dt: 4.02.2000
TAMIN
Black 39, Kamarajar Salai 08.01.2007 to G.O.(3D) No.38/Ind/ MME1/
2 Tiruvannamalai Velanandal 67 1.88.0
Granite Chennai. 07.01.2027 Dept dated 17.6.2008

TAMIN
12.9.2008
Colour 39, Kamarajar Salai 56/6 G.O.Ms.No.49/Ind (MME1)Dept,
3 Tiruvannamalai Rantham 9.30.5 to
Granite Chennai. (Part) Dt:22.7.2008
11.9.2038

Chengam Taluk

TAMIN 19.10.2004 G.O.3D.42/Ind(MME1) Dept., Dt:

Black 202/2,
4 39, Kamarajar Salai Chengam Eraiyur 2.78.5 to 21.07.2004
Granite 203/2
Chennai. 18.10.2034

Thandarampattu Taluk
74
(part)
TAMIN G.O.28/Ind/MME1 dept,
Black 126/1A, 15.06.2004 to
5 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu Veeranam 20.50.0 dt:24.05.2004
Granite 127,132 14.06.2024
Chennai. Renewal granted
etc

30
 Name of
Name and Extent in G.O.No. & District Collector
Sl.No. the Taluk Village S.No. Period of lease
Address of the Lessee Hect., Proceedings No./dt.
Mineral

TAMIN 29.11.2004
Black Appunaickan- G.O.57/Ind/MME/Dept
6 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu 67 4.79.5 to
Granite palayam dt:31.08.2004
Chennai. 28.11.2034

TAMIN 28.11.2005
Black G.O.Ms.No.112/Ind/MME-1/dept,
7 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu Olagalapadi 83 29.62.0 to
Granite dated.30.8.2005
Chennai. 27.11.2035

TAMIN 26.12.2005
Black 65 G.O.Ms.No.127/Ind/MME-1/dept,
8 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu Keelpachar 11.11.5 to
Granite (Part) dated.18.10.2005
Chennai. 25.12.2035

TAMIN 286/1 22.5.2006

Black G.O.Ms.No.21/Ind
9 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu Sathanur (Part), 2.41.0 to
Granite (MME1)Dept, Dt:27.02.2006
Chennai. 304/1 21.05.2036

TAMIN 08.01.2007
Black Thandarampatt G.O.Ms.No.164/Ind(MME1)Dept,
10 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu 92 8.61.5 to
Granite u Dt:29.12.2006
Chennai. 07.01.2027

Black TAMIN39, Kamarajar 176 09.02.2007to08. G.O.Ms.No.23/Ind (MME1)Dept,

11 Thandarampattu T.Velur 10.50.0
Granite SalaiChennai. (Part) 02.2027 Dt:29.01.2007

TAMIN 01.09.2009
Black 4/2, 5.57.0 G.O.No.21/Ind/H2/Dept,
12 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu Thandrampattu to
Granite 4/37, 1.21.5 Dt:03.08.2009
Chennai. 31.08.2029

31
 Name of Name and Address of Extent in G.O.No. & District Collector
Sl.No. Taluk Village S.No. Period of lease
the Mineral the Lessee Hect., Proceedings No./dt.

TAMIN 20.04.2012
Black G.O.Ms.(3D)No.1/Ind (MME1)
13 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu Kolamanj-anur 125 7.27.5 to
Granite Dept., Dt:25.01.2012
Chennai. 19.04.2042

TAMIN
Colour 21.02.2012 G.O.Ms.(3D)No.61/Ind
14 39, Kamarajar Salai Thandarampattu Royanda-puram 294(Part) 10.50.0
Granite to 20.02.2042 (MME1)Dept., Dt:05.12.2011
Chennai.

Polur Taluk

TAMIN 17.10.2005 G.O.Ms.No.111/Ind (MME1)

Colour
15 39, Kamarajar Salai Polur Sengunam 55A/1B1 22.88.5 to Dept.,
Granite
Chennai. 16.10.2034 Dt:30.08.2005

Arani Taluk

TAMIN 27.04.2012
Colour G.O.Ms.(3D)No.02/Ind
16 39, Kamarajar Salai Arni Nacha-puram 85 22.26.0 to
Granite (MME1)Dept., Dt:25.01.2012
Chennai. 26.04.2042

32
 BLACK GRANITE
Name of
Name and Address of the Clasiffi- Flag Day
Sl.No. the Village S.No. Collection Balance
Lessee cation Demand
Mineral
Tvl. Sun Shine Enterprises
Black
1 Pvt. Ltd., Patta Land Thiruvadatha-nur 162/3, 162/14
Granite
Coimbatore
70/5,
Black Tvl.Madhucon GranitesLtd, Appunaicken-
2 Patta Land 72/1,
Granite Khammam A.P palayam
73/3
21/3C1
Black Tvl.Madhucon Granites Ltd
3 Patta Land Edakkal (Part),
Granite Khammam AP
C3(part) etc
Tvl.Oriental Minerals Tvl.Oriental Minerals Stone,
Black stone, Sri Ram Nagar, No.5/1050, B-3, Natachathra
4 Patta Land Malamnjanur No 245/1
Granite Trichy road, Appartment, Rockey Nagar,
Nammakkal. Namakkal.
Thiru.N.Viswanathan
S/o. Narayanasamy,
Black 277/3A1B,
5 Eraiyur Village, Patta Land Rayandapuram
Granite 277/3A2 etc.,
Vanur Taluk,
Villupuram District.

Black Tvl.R.K.Ramesh 6/2E,6/3C2,&

6 Patta Land Karnampoondi
Granite Virukampakkam Chennai 7/4A

Tvl.Lakshmi Sai Granites,

Black 98/4A, 98/4B
7 Adhiyaman Nagar, Patta Land Agarampalli-pattu
Granite etc.,
Krishnagiri.
Black Tvl.Magam Inc,
8 Govt. Land Agarampalli-pattu 99/2
Granite Chennai.
TAMIN
Black
9 39, Kamarajar Salai Govt. Land Thandaram-pattu 92
Granite
Chennai.

33
 4. DETAILS OF REVENUE COLLECTED IN THE LAST FOUR YEARS IN
TIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Sl.No. Year Revenue Collected

1. 2014-2015 79427432

2. 2015-2016 57100027

3. 2016-2017 64516405

4. 2017-2018 113328355

Total 314372219

5. MINERAL WISE PRODUCTION DETAILS IN THE LAST FOUR

YEARS IN TIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Name of the Mineral

Colour
Sl.No. Year Black Granite Rough Stone Gravel
Granite
(in Cu.m) (in Cu.m) (in Cu.m)
(in Cu.m)

2014-2015
1. 4585.714 460.000 803002 194876
2015-2016
2. 4051.573 - 610182 122645
2016-2017
3. 4014.495 - 744882 122446
2017-2018 4315.219 -- 825787 100296
4.

34
6. DETAILS OF PRODUCTION OF SAND OR BAJARI OR MINOR MINERAL
IN (FOUR YEARS)IN TIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

Name of the Mineral

Black
Sl.No Year Colour Rough
Granite Gravel
Granite Stone
(in Cu.m) (in Cu.m)
(in Cu.m) (in Cu.m)
1. 2014-2015 4314 -- 803002 194876

2. 2015-2016 3789.567 103.359 579633 89709

3. 2016-2017 4014.092 -- 688198 94434

4. 2017-2018 4315.219 -- 825787 100296

35
 7. PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS

There are three main types of processes that occur in a river. These
are Erosion, Transportation and Deposition. All three depend on the
amount of energy there is in a river.

7.1 Types of erosion

The energy in a river causes erosion. The bed and banks can be
eroded making it wider, deeper and longer. Head ward erosion makes a river
longer. This erosion happens near its source. Surface run-off and through
flow causes erosion at the point where the water enters the valley head.
Vertical erosion makes a river channel deeper. This happens more in the
upper stages of a river (the V of vertical erosion should help you remember
the v-shaped valleys that are created in the upper stages). Lateral erosion
makes a river wider. This occurs mostly in the middle and lower stages of a
river.

There are four main processes of erosion that occur in rivers. These
are:

1. Hydraulic action;

2. Abrasion / corrasion;

3. Attrition; and

4. Corrosion.

7.1.1 Hydraulic action

The pressure of water breaks away rock particles from the river bed
and banks. The force of the water hits river banks, and then pushes water
into cracks. Air becomes compressed, pressure increases and the riverbank
may, in time collapse. Where velocity is high e.g. the outer bend of meaner,
hydraulic action can remove material from the banks which may lead to
undercutting and river bank collapse. Near waterfalls and rapids, the force
may be strong enough to work on lines of weakness in joints and bedding
planes until they are eroded.

36
7.1.2 Abrasion / Corrosion

The sediment carried by a river scours the bed and banks. Where
depressions exist in the channel floor the river can cause pebbles to spin
around and turn hollows into potholes.

7.1.3 Attrition

Eroded rocks collide and break into smaller fragments. The edges of
these rocks become smoother and more rounded. Attrition makes the
particles of rock smaller. It does not erode the bed and bank. Pieces of river
sediment become smaller and more rounded as they move downstream.

7.1.4 Corrosion / Solution

Carbon dioxide dissolves in the river to form a weak acid. This

dissolves rock by chemical processes. This process is common where
carbonate rocks such as limestone and chalk are evident in a channel.

7.2 Transportation

Transportation of material in a river begins when friction is overcome.

Material that has been loosened by erosion may be then transported along
the river. There are four main processes of transportation. These are:

1. Suspension / suspended load;

2. Solution / solution load;

3. Saltation; and

4. Traction.

7.2.1. Suspension

Suspension is when material made up of very fine particles such as

clay and silt is lifted as the result of turbulence and transported by the river.
Faster-flowing, turbulent rivers carry more suspended material. This is why
river appear muddy as they are approaching bankfull discharge and towards
the mouth of the river (where velocity is greater as is the occurrence of finer
sediment).

37
7.2.2. Solution

Solution is when dissolved material is carried by a river. This often

happens in areas where the geology is limestone and is dissolved by slightly
acidic water.

7.2.3. Saltation

Saltation is when material such as pebbles and gravel that is too

heavy to be carried in suspension is bounced along the river by the force of
the water.

7.2.4. Traction

Traction is when large materials such as boulders are rolled and

pushed along the river bed by the force of the river.

The capacity of a river is the total load a river can transport at a

given point.

7.3. Deposition

Deposition is the process of eroded material being dropped. This

happens when a river loses energy. A river can lose its energy when rainfall
reduces, evaporation increases, friction close to river banks and shallow
areas which leads to the speed of the river reducing and therefore the energy
reduces, when a river has to slow down it reduces its speed (and ability to
transport material) and when a river meets the sea.

Sediment in rivers gets deposited as the river slows down. Larger, heavier
particles like pebbles and sand are deposited first, whilst the lighter silt and clay
only settle if the water is almost still. The flow of water is strongest on the outside of
river bends, eroding the bank, but is slowest on the inside of the bends, allowing
deposition of sand and gravel. When a river ―bursts its banks‖ after heavy rain, flood
water spreads out across the floodplain and, because this water hardly moves, finer
silt and clay are deposited – often making good farmland.

When a river reaches a lake or the sea, it quickly deposits much of its
sediment. This may choke up the river channel, which then divides up into
distributaries, between which swamps are formed.

38
Fig.7.3.1. Schematic picture of meandering and deposition of sediments

Fig. 7.3.2 River Map of Tiruvannamalai District

39
7.4. Impact of sand removal from the river
Mining within or near riverbed has a direct impact on the stream's physical
characteristics, such as stream roughness of the bed, flow velocity, discharge
capacity, sediment transport capacity, turbidity, temperature etc. Alteration or
modification of the above attributes may cause hazardous impact on ecological
equilibrium of riverine regime. This may also cause adverse impact on in-stream
biota and riparian habitats. This disturbance may also cause changes in channel
configuration and flow-paths. The effects of sand and gravel mining are as
follows:channel geometry, bed elevation, substratum composition and stability, in-

Fig.7.4.1 Impact of Sand Extraction from River

a) Extraction of bed material in excess of replenishment by transport

from upstream causes the bed to lower (degrade) upstream and
downstream of the site of removal.
b) In-stream habitat is impacted by increase in river gradient,
suspended load, sediment transport and sediment deposition.
Excessive sediment deposition for replenishment increases turbidity
which prevents penetration of light required for photosynthesis and
reduces food availability of aquatic fauna.
c) Riparian habitat including vegetative cover on and adjacent to the
river banks it controls erosion, provide nutrient inputs into the
stream and prevents intrusion of pollutants in the stream through

40
 runoff. Bank erosion and change of morphology of the river can
destroy the riparian vegetative cover.
d) Bed degradation are responsible for channel shifting, causing loss of
properties and degradation of landscape, it can also undermine
bridge supports, pipe lines or other structures.
e) Degradation may change the morphology of the river bed, which
constitutes one aspect of the aquatic habitat.
f) Degradation can deplete the entire depth of gravelly bed material,
exposing other substrates that may underlie the gravel, which could
in turn affect the quality of aquatic habitat.
Lowering of ground water table in the flood plain because of lowering
of riverbed level as well as river water level takes place because of
extraction and draining out of excessive ground water from the
adjacent areas. So, if a floodplain aquifer drains to the stream,
groundwater levels can be lowered as a result of bed degradation.
g) Lowering of the water table can destroy riparian vegetation.
h) Excessive pumping of ground water in the process of mining in
abandoned channels depletes ground water causing scarcity of
irrigation and drinking water. In extreme cases it may create ground
fissures and subsidence in adjacent areas.
i) Flooding is reduced as bed elevations and flood heights decrease,
reducing hazard for human occupancy of floodplains and the
possibility of damage to engineering works.
j) The supply of overbank sediments to floodplains is reduced as flood
heights decrease.
k) An un-scientific and unregulated sand and gravel mining tends to
increase channel bank

7.5. Impacts on description

Biodiversity : Impacts on related ecosystems (for example, fisheries)

Land losses : Both inland and coastal through erosion

Hydrological : Change in water flows, flood regulation and marine

functions currents
Water supply : Through lowering of the water table and pollution

41
Infrastructures : Damage to bridges, river embankments and coastal
infrastructures
Climate : Directly through transport emissions

Landscape : Coastal erosion, changes in deltaic structures, quarries,

pollution of rivers
Extreme events : Decline of protection

42
 8. GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Tiruvannamalai lies in the northern part of Tamil Nadu, and 200 Km from
the state capital Chennai. The district lies between 78° 20' and 79° 50' of the
eastern longitudes and 11°55' and 13° 15' of the northern Latitudes. It is bounded
on the north by Vellore District, on the east by Kanchipuram District, on the south
by Villupuram District, and on the west by Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts.
The area of the district is 6312 sq.km. It consists of Two Revenue Divisions and
Eleven Taluks- Tiruvannamalai, Chengam, Arani, Polur, Cheyyar, Chetpet,
Vandavasi, Kilpennathur, Kalasapakkam, Thandarampattu and Vembakkam. After
independence Tiruvannamalai was under North Arcot District. The revenue district
of North Arcot was divided into Vellore District and Tiruvannamalai District in
October 1989. Population of the district is 2469 thousand numbers as per Census
2011. The district is 20% urbanized and constitutes literacy rate of 74.21%.

Fig.8.1.1Topographical Map of Tiruvannamalai District

43
8.1 Total Area

The total geographical area of the district is 6188 Sq K.M comprising the
Revenue Divisions of Thiruvannamalai and Cheyyar. The district has 11 taluks
viz. Thiruvannamalai, Kilpennathur, Chengam, Thandrampat, Polur,
Kalasapakkam, Chetpet, Arni, Cheyyar, Vembakkam and Vandavasi. There are
18 Blocks including one tribal Block Javvadhu Hills constituting the district
under Rural sector and four Municipalities viz. Thiruvannamalai, Arni,
Cheyyar(Thiruvathipuram) and Vandavasi representing urban sectors along with
ten Town Panchayats viz. Kilpennathur, Vettavalam, Chengam, Pudupalayam,
Polur, Kalambur, Chetpat, Kannamangalam, Peranamallur, and Desur.

8.2. Physiography

The Jawadhu Hills are the highest mountains of this region. The general
elevation of the Jawadhu Hills is 2500 ft with peaks rising up to 4200 ft. The
district is extended upto Tirupathur taluk on the eastern part, the north-western
portion of Chengam taluk and the western part of Polur taluk with spurs
running in to Vellore taluk up to 9 kms. Kalrayan Hills range is on the southern
part of Chengam taluk. The North-Western part of the region covers portions of
Eastern Ghats and their spurs. The Hills in Tiruvannamalai and Pavala Malai at
Polur taluk are famous for their spiritual sanctity. There are also a large number
of small hills in Polur and Chengam taluks.

8.3. Drainage

Cheyyar river which originates from Jawadhu Hills, flows in a southern

direction at first, and turns south-east near Chengam after flowing through
Polur, Vandavasi and Cheyyar taluks. Palar raising near Nandidurg in Mysore
enters Vellore district passing through Gudiyatham, Walajah and Arakonam
taluks before entering into Cheyyar taluk of Tiruvannamalai district and there
after enters into Kancheepuram district. Pennaiyar and South Pennaiyar
originate from Nandidurg of Karnataka. They pass through Dharmapuri district
and enter southern part of Chengam taluk before entering in to Viluppuram
district. Finally, the river enters into the Bay of Bengal at Cuddalore. The river is
dry for the most part of the year. Water flows during the monsoon season when it
is fed by the southwest monsoon in catchment area and the northeast monsoon

44
in Tamil Nadu. A dam has been constructed across this river at Sathanur which
is a picnic spot in this district. Sathanur Reservoir provides drinking water to
Tiruvannamalai town and the water is used for irrigation when the reservoir is
filled with surplus water.

8.4. Climate

This district has moderate climate. In Tiruvannamalai and Chengam taluks,

the climate is cool in winter and hot during summer. The district gets rainfall
during both north-east monsoon and southwest monsoon. The physiographic
nature prevailing in the district forces variation in the climatic conditions. The
radiation of the heat from the rocky hills and the dry weather due to sandy bed of
the Palar minimises the rainfall in the region. The rainfall of the region depends on
the south-west and the north-east monsoons. Except southern taluks of Cheyyar
and Vandavas, the district experience moderate rainfall during north-east
monsoon. In summer, from March to June, the wind is hot and uncomfortable. In
the monsoon seasons, from July to November, the wind is mild and from December
to February, the wind is cold. The hottest month in this district was April (36.3o C)
and coldest month in this district was January (21.2° C).

8.5. Boundaries

The district is bounded on the North and West by Vellore district and on
the South West by Dharmapuri district on the South Villupuram district and on
the east by Kancheepuram district.

8.6. Soil

The red loamy soil is predominantly found here. However Polur taluk has
concentration of red series loam. The district has also different types of soils such
as ferruginous loamy and sandy loamy however black series loam is found in
tanks and river beds of Cheyyar and Vandavasi Taluks.

8.7. Climate and rainfall

The general climate is tropical. The district receives rainfall from North
East and South West monsoons. The total rainfall during 2016-17 districts is
635.8 mm.

45
8.8. Population

The total population of this district 2464875 comprising 1235889 Men and
1228986 women as per 2011 census. The urban population is 494945 constituting
20 % of the total Population, the remaining 80% ie.1969930 is rural population. The
density of the population is 398 per sq.km. The total literate among male are
909803 and that of female are 717010

8.9. River

There is no perennial river in the district. Cheyyar, Thenpennai, Kamandala,

Naganathi are only in seasonal. Sathanur Dam is constructed across Thenpennai
River in Thandrampet taluk among Chennakesava Hills.

8.10. Water Resource

The rivers flowing in the district are Pennaiyar and Kamandala River.
Sathanur dam is the major dam constructed across middle Pennaiyar River Basin
among Chennakesava Hills in the district. Canals, wells, tanks and reservoirs are
the sources of irrigation in the district. Several plans and schemes have been
introduced for uninterrupted water supply for domestic and economic activities.

Fig: 8.10.1. Ground Water Level From 1991 – 2016

46
Few Schemes to enhance the water supply in the district are as follows:

Combined Water Supply Scheme (CWSS)

More than one local body are involved which consists of assistance from
Minimum Needs Program, National Rural Drinking Water program and financial
assistance from institutions like TUFIDCO, TNUIFSL, NABARD and ADB.

HDPE linings of major canals

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) linings are being implemented by the

state government to limit the transmission loss.

8.11. Cropping Pattern

Paddy, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Millets and pulses are the major crops,
during the current fasli-1426(2016-17) 78149 /Hects of paddy, 25399 /Hects of
sugarcane/ 50730 /Hects of groundnut, 34225 /Hects of pulses are cultivated.

8.12. Transport and communication

93 Km of Broad gauge rail transport in the Katpadi and Villupuram

segment utilized for both passenger and goods transportation as far as road
transports nearly, 1600 km of various kinds of roads are used. The district has
two head post offices, 72 sub offices, 455 branch post offices, 4 Telephone
divisions and nearly 18430 phone connections in use.

8.13 Industries

This district is industrially backward, the (Sevoor) Arni T.K SLS cotton
spinning mill is the only major industry and Cheyyar Co-operative Sugar mill in
Annakkavoor. Dharani Sugars, Polur and Bannari Amman Sugars,
Gozhhuthampattu Sugar mills are functioning. However medium and small scale
industries as well as cottage industries, such as modern rice mills, weaving
factories, cotton, silk and mat weaving, coir manufacturing and beedi
manufacturing are flourishing here. The district is enriched in mineral deposits
such as black granites, multi-colored granites, soap and magnetite deposits.

47
8.14 Places of worship and tourist

Tiruvannamalai is one of the most venerated places in Tamil Nadu. The main
Deepam festival, Maha shivarathri and Pournami girivalam attracts Tiruvannamalai
and Parvathamalai devotees from far and wide throughout India and abroad.
Furthere main features of the District attract historic places besides
Tiruvannamalai, Arni, Vandavasi and Devigapuram connected to East India and
French companies. It is also noticed that well-maintained tourist places such as
Sathanur dam, Jawathumalai and Amirthy Game Park.

In the late Chola period the Cholan of Sambuvarayar having Padavedu near
Arni as HQ ruled this district. We can now find the fort and note along with a Shiva
temple namely Kailasanathar in Arni town. On the whole Tiruvannamalai is
traditionally rich in Historic and Spiritual values but lacks in industrial growth.

48
 9. LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT
Land and Agriculture 32% of land in Thiruvannamalai is used for
agricultural activities to produce rice, ground nut and sugarcane. Another major
economic activity of the district is Silk Saree weaving, a bulk of India's Silk apparels
is produced by the people of Thiruvannamalai district largest concentration of Silk
producers and weavers in Arni Taluk.
9.1. Cropping Pattern
Paddy, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Millets and pulses are the major crops,
during the current fasli-1426(2016-17) 78149 /Hects of paddy, 25399 /Hects of
sugarcane/ 50730 /Hects of groundnut, 34225 /Hects of pulses are cultivated.
9.2. Soil
The red loamy soil is predominantly found here. However Polur taluk has
concentration of red series loam. The district has also different types of soils such as
ferruginous loamy and sandy loamy however black series loam is found in tanks and
river beds of Cheyyar and Vandavasi Taluks.
9.3. Forest and Hills
One sixth of the area of this district is covered by reserve forest and hills
which is part and parcel of Eastern Ghats under Jawadhu Hills. The important hills
in this district are Thiruvannamalai (2668 ft MSL), Jawadhu hills (3600-3800 ft
MSL) and Kailasagiri (2743 ft MSL)

Fig.9.3.1.Forest Map of Tiruvannamalai District

49
9.4. Industries
This district is industrially backward, the (Sevoor) Arni T.K SLS cotton
spinning mill is the only major industry and Cheyyar Co-operative Sugar mill in
Annakkavoor. Dharani Sugars, Polur and Bannari Amman Sugars,
Gozhhuthampattu Sugar mills are functioning. However medium and small scale
industries as well as cottage industries, such as modern rice mills, weaving
factories, cotton, silk and mat weaving, coir manufacturing and beedi
manufacturing are flourishing here. The district is enriched in mineral deposits such
as black granites, multi-colored granites soap stone and magnetite deposits.

50
 10. PHYSIOGRAPHY

The Jawadhu Hills are the highest mountains of this region. The general
elevation of the Jawadhu Hills is 2500 ft with peaks rising up to 4200 ft. The district
is extended upto Tirupathur taluk on the eastern part, the north-western portion of
Chengam taluk and the western part of Polur taluk with spurs running in to Vellore
taluk up to 9 kms. Kalrayan Hills range is on the southern part of Chengam taluk.
The North-Western part of the region covers portions of Eastern Ghats and their
spurs. The Hills in Tiruvannamalai and Pavala Malai at Polur taluk are famous for
their spiritual sanctity. There are also a large number of small hills in Polur and
Chengam taluks.

51
 11. RAINFALL DATA

Rain fall details of Tiruvannamalai District for the year 2015

Sathanur
Month TV Malai Chengam Polur Arni Cheyyar Vandavasi Total Average
Dam
Jan 2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Feb 2015 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

March 2015 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 10.80 0.00 0.00 12.80 1.83

April 2015 174.80 162.70 135.40 126.40 204.00 48.60 43.80 895.70 127.95

May 2015 80.00 45.90 128.40 42.40 148.60 114.00 69.80 629.10 89.87

June 2015 71.80 90.80 76.00 41.20 70.20 39.00 7.00 396.00 56.57

July 2015 55.60 56.00 106.40 141.80 88.70 101.50 135.30 685.30 97.90

Aug 2015 246.70 111.80 182.50 232.60 171.80 172.60 149.80 1267.80 181.11

Sept 2015 142.20 173.60 114.20 158.40 80.40 136.00 82.00 886.80 126.68

Oct 2015 87.20 110.60 197.80 80.80 148.20 243.90 132.30 1000.80 142.97

Nov 2015 472.20 324.00 406.60 506.40 375.60 933.42 700.47 3718.69 531.24

Dec 2015 69.10 36.70 137.80 98.00 142.40 262.00 231.00 977.00 139.57

Total 1399.60 1114.10 1485.10 1428.00 1440.70 2051.02 1551.47 10469.99 1495.71

52
 Rain fall details of Tiruvannamalai District for the year 2016

Sathanur
Date TV Malai Chengam Polur Arni Cheyyar Vandavasi Total Average
Dam
Jan 2016 0.00 0.00 4.80 30.20 27.8 0.00 0.00 62.80 8.97

Feb 2016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

March 2016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

April 2016 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

May 2016 88.40 102.60 54.60 95.20 70.00 120.80 57.30 588.90 84.13

June 2016 85.60 104.40 98.60 96.00 167.60 74.00 98.20 724.40 103.49

July 2016 104.30 79.90 173.20 78.20 142.80 114.80 120.60 813.80 116.26

Aug 2016 50.80 107.20 60.80 24.80 102.40 178.50 147.00 671.50 95.93

Sept 2016 49.20 27.60 107.20 4.20 197.00 115.00 223.00 723.20 103.31

Oct 2016 61.10 73.60 58.80 168.60 37.60 14.00 40.00 453.70 64.81

Nov 2016 28.70 1.40 3.80 6.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 42.90 6.13

Dec 2016 60.80 41.20 90.00 64.60 126.70 189.00 139.00 711.30 101.61

Total 528.90 537.90 651.80 567.8 871.9 809.10 825.10 4792.50 684.64

53
 Rain fall details of Tiruvannamalai District for the year 2017

Date TV Malai Chengam Polur Sathanur Dam Arni Cheyyar Vandavasi Total Average

Jan 2017 22.50 20.00 50.00 69.00 94.00 37.00 36.00 329.30 47.04

Feb 2017 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

March 2017 0.00 29.40 4.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.00 4.86

April 2017 0.00 11.50 2.40 0.00 9.20 1.00 0.00 24.10 3.44

May 2017 13.10 118.20 70.00 114.80 24.60 7.00 0.00 347.70 49.67

June 2017 7.40 108.10 64.60 25.80 66.20 23.00 94.40 389.50 55.64

July 2017 24.80 42.60 54..8 61.80 52.60 124.50 122.40 483.50 69.07

Aug 2017 314.40 657.30 530.00 313.60 215.90 253.50 255.00 2539.70 362.81

Sept 2017 49.40 68.90 139.60 81.80 74.80 118.00 101.60 634.10 90.59

Total 431.60 1056.80 916.00 585.00 537.30 564.00 609.40 4700.10 671.44

54
 12. GEOLOGY AND MINERAL WEALTH

11.1 An outline on Geology of Tamil Nadu:

Crystalline rocks of Archaean to late Proterozoic age occupy over 80%

of the area of the state of Tamilnadu, while the rest is covered by Phanerozoic
sedimentary rocks mainly along the coastal belt and in a few inland River
valleys.

Fig 11.1.1Geological Map Of Tamil Nadu And Puducherry

(Source: Miscellaneous Publication, GSI, SU:TN&P, Chennai)

The hard rock terrain comprises predominantly of Charnockite and

Khondalite groups and their migmatitic derivatives, supracrustal sequences of
Sathyamangalam and Kolar groups and Peninsular Gneissic Complex
(Bhavani Group), intruded by ultramafic-mafic complexes, basic dykes,
granites and syenites. The sedimentary rocks of the coastal belt include
fluviatile, fluvio-marine and marine sequences, such as Gondwana

55
Supergroup (Carboniferous to Permian and Upper Jurassic to Lower
Cretaceous), marine sediments of Cauvery basin (Lower Cretaceous to
Paleogene), Cuddalore /Pannambarai Formation (Mio-Pliocene) and sediments
of Quaternary and Recent age.

12.2 Mineral Wealth of District

Geologically Tiruvannamalai District mainly comprises of rocks of

Archaeon age. The type of rocks found in the district are Charnockite,
Granitic gneiss, Amphibolite, Pyroxenite, Dunite, Migmatites, Banded
Magnetite Quartzite, Shale and Clay. Dolerite dykes (Black Granite) are also
noticed cutting across the country rocks.

12.2.1 Major Minerals

12.2.1.1 Iron Ore

The Magnetite quartzite deposit of Kavuthimalai, Vediappanmalai hills
near Tiruvannamalai is one of the potential deposits. This Magnetite quartzite
deposit is a low grade one and has to be beneficiated and also pelletised. At
present there is no mining lease for mining Iron Ore in Tiruvannamalai
District.

Magnetite-quartzite bands occur near Manikkavalli (12°31': 79°

17') and Arumbalur (12°32': 79°13'). The probable reserves are of the
order of 2.03 million tonnes. An iron-ore containing 23-39% Fe occurs
near Kelur (12°36': 79°09')-The probable reserves are of the order of 34
million tonnes within a depth of 10 m. This ore is free from sulphur
and the phosphorous content is within limits for use in blast furnace.

A 4.4 km. long and 10 to 25 m. wide magnetite-quartzite band

occurs about 2.0 km. to the north of Puliyappattu (12°16': 79°00'). The
inferred reserves upto a depth of 100 m. are of the order of 28.50
million tonnes with 30.54% Fe content. Of the five bands of magnetite-
quartzite in parts of Chengam and Tiruppattur taluks, the largest
measures 4 km. long and 6 m. wide and passes through the crests of
hills .1451 (12°16': 78041’) and .1375 (12°17':78º42’). The inferred
reserve is of the order of 2.52 million tonnes uptoa depth of 30 m. with
a Fe content ranging between 38.50—38.78%.

Two magnetite-quartzite bands measuring 1.6 km. x 12 m. and

1.4 km. x 7 m. are located 0.2 km. to the east and 0.4 km. to the
56
south-east of Durgamalai .3349 (12°28': 78°45'), respectively. The
samples analysed 41.88 and 44.67% Fe and are free of phosphorous,
sulphur and titanium.

Out of the eleven magnetite-quartzite bands, the biggest

measures 3.6 km. x 9 m. and occurs 1.2 km. west of Pudur (12°24':
78°41') analysing 36% Fe. The total inferred reserves are of the order of
3.4 million tonnes upto an assumed depth of 30 m.

Banded magnetite-quartzite with hematite has been recorded 12

km. north-west of Tiruvannamalai (12°14' : 79°05') in Kavuthi Malai
(12°18' : 79°01') and Vediappan Malai (12°18' : 79°02') and to the south
of Ponakkadu. The iron-ore band is being investigated by the State
Geology Department with the aid of the U. N. D. P. (Madras Mineral
Project). The band occurs in three detached synclinal basins on either
side of Tiruvannamalai-Kanchi road (12°23' : 78°58') with converging
dips of 65° to 80°. Its strike length varies from 2.5 to 4.5 km. According
to the State Geology Department of Tamil Nadu, the inferred reserves
are :

Vediappanmalai ... 60 million tonnes

Kavuthi Malai ... 56 million tonnes

Uchchimalai ... 20 million tonnes

Five drill holes have also been completed by them in the Kavuthi
Malai iron-ore band.

12.2.1.2 Magnesite

An occurrence of ultra basic-Alkali syenite comprises with rocks

like Dunite and Corundum Syenite is found near Thenmudiyanur
Village in Thandarampattu Taluk. Another small occurrence of
Magnesite has been reported near Thorapadi in the Eraiyurmalai R.F.
amidst the ultra basic complex. At present there is no mining lease for
mining Magnesite in Tiruvannamalai District.

57
Photo:1 Eraiyur R.F Photo:2Magnesite, Narasinganallur

Photo:3 Serpentinte / Dunite / Pyroxinite Photo:4 Magnesite

Foliation : N50°E / 80°SE Coordininates :12° 18’ 33.61‖ N,
Joint : S35°E / 63°NE 78° 54’ 42.96‖ E
Location : Narsinganallur Eraiyur R.F., Chengam Taluk

Photo:5 Magnesite Photo:6 Magnesite

Foliation : N-S / 65°E Coordininates :12° 06’ 41.53‖ N,
78° 54’ 42.96‖ E
Location :Thenmudaiyanur , Thandrampattu Taluk

58
 12.2.1.3 Steatite / Soapstone:
A small occurrence of steatite is located in Poomalai R.F. Royandapuram
R.F., in Thandarampattu Taluk and also near Thenkarimallur and Radhapuram
Villages in Thandarampattu Taluk. At present there is no mining lease for mining
Steatite in Tiruvannamalai District.

Photo: 7 - 10 Steatite / Soapstone

Foliation :N85°E / 85°SW Coordininates :12° 07’ 42.58‖ N,

Joint : N10°E / 85°SW 78° 57’ 58.83‖ E
Location :Poomalai R.F. Royandapuram R.F near Radhapuram,
Thandrampattu Taluk

59
Photo 11 -12. Steatite / Soapstone
Location : Near Radhapuram, Thandrampattu Taluk

60
 12.2.1.4 Fire Clay
Clay mineral suitable for making stoneware pipes, tiles, ceramic utensils etc. is
available in Painkinar and Cholavaram Village of Cheyyar Taluk. At present there is one
mining lease for mining Fire Clay exists in Cholavaram Village of Cheyyar Taluk.

Photo:13 – 15. Tvl. Arcot Pipes, Factory ( FIRE CLAY ) Cholawaram, Cheyyar Taluk

Photo:16 – 17. Fire Clay, Painkinar Village, Cheyyar Taluk.Coordinates :12°42’44.30‖ N;

79°32’45.55‖ E

Photo:18 – 19 Fire Clay, PeriyaKoil -Village, Cheyyar Taluk, Tiruvannamalai

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 12.2.2 Minor Minerals

12.2.2.1 Black Granite

Dolerite dyke commercially called as Black Granite play a vital role in the
mineral resources of this District. Black Granite is found in Tiruvannamalai,
Chengam, Thandarampattu and Vandavasi Taluks.

Photo:20. Black Granite, Location: Seiyalam, VandavasiTaluk

Foliation: N65°E / 80°SE Coordininates :12° 26’ 40.29‖ N,
79° 43’ 23.56‖ E

Photo:21. Black Granite Location: Atthipakkam, VandavasiTaluk

Foliation : N-S / 60°SE Coordininates : 12° 27’ 38.56‖ N, 79° 35’ 53.39‖ E

62
 12.2.2.2 Multi colour Granite

The granite gneisses commercially called as Multi Coloured Granite are

noticed in parts of Tiruvannamalai, Arni, Thandarapmpattu,Polur and Chetpet
Taluks.

Foliation : S80°E / 80°SW Coordininates :12° 30’ 28.21‖ N,

Joint : S50°W / 80°SW 79° 18’ 03.11‖ E
: E-W / 60°N
Photo. 22& 23: Multi Colour Granite
Location : Nachiayapuram, Chetpet Taluk

12.2.2.3 Roughstone and Jellies

Ordinary stones suitable for making Roughstones, Jelly, Ballast etc., used
for road formation, construction and other purpose are available in all Taluks.

Photo.23: Charnockite (Rough Stone) Quarry

Foliation : N55°W / 70°SW Coordininates :12° 38’ 40.04‖ N,
Joint : S50°W / 80°SW 79° 36’ 12.21‖ E
Location : Athi - Village, Cheyyar Taluk

63
 Photo .24: Rough stone crushed into Jellies, Ezhacherri, Cheyyar –
Taluk

12.2.2.4 Brick Clay

Brick Clay suitable for manufacturing bricks is available in all Taluks.

12.2.2.5 Sand

Sand for construction purpose is available in Palar River and Cheyyar and
other small streams in the Districts. At present there are no leases for quarrying
Sand by P.W.D. in Tiruvannamalai District.

12.2.2.6 M – Sand

Manufactured Sand is defined as a purpose-made crushed fine aggregate

produced from a suitable source material. Production generally involves crushing,
screening and possibility washing. It is a substitute of river sand is produced from
hard granite stone. The crushed sand is of cubical shape with grounded edges,
washed and graded to as a construction material. The size of manufactured sand
(M-Sand) is less than 4.75mm.
The precious river bed acts as not only mechanical filter but also as a
biological filter with its microorganisms, formed through natural evolution over
centuries which cannot be artificially replicated. Due to the depletion of good
quality river sand for the use of construction, the use of manufactured sand has
been increased.

64
Photo .25:Mining for M – Sand, Palli- Village, Cheyyar – Taluk

Photo .26: Wastage (Dust Particle) Of M- Sand

Photo .27: Powdered Rough stone for preparation of M - Sand

65
 Photo: 28.Crushing Unit for preparation of M - Sand
Manufactured Sand (M – Sand)

“Our Children’s Future is in Our Hand or Decision”

Our contribution to environment is by producing M-Sand as an alternative to river sand, for

reducing the extraction of sand from river bed

66
 12. NEW FIND OF GOLD IN EDATHANUR,
TIRUVANNAMALAI DISTRICT

In connection with the DEIAA work of DGM, Tiruvannamalai District, Tamilnadu,

field work was carried out by Shri.Paranjothi,S., Assistant Geologist, GSI, SU:TN&P,
Chennai along with Smt.Mythili, Asst.Director, DGM, Tiruvanamalai District. During the
field work,active panning by the locales for gold along the river Ponnaiyar was observed in
Edathanur village, 22kms SW of Tiruvannamalai. It is noticed that the occurrence of gold
in bluish quartz vein associated with Epidote Hornblende Biotite Gneiss occur along
the course of Ponnaiyar river, near Edathanur village, Thandrampattu Taluk,
Tiruvannamalai District. Heavies were collected by panning and treated with mercury
followed by smelting under controlled heating using brass troche burner gold weighing
0.58mg was extracted.

Photo: 29. Gold mineralisation with Sulphide

in Epidote Hornblende Biotite Gneiss,

67
Photo: 30. Pits excavated in the river course Photo:31. Weathered surface of Bed rock
(R.Then Pennar) for removing the top gravelcontaining gold grains, Edathanur area, Loc.
and collecting weathered material forEdathaur
panning., Loc . Edathaur

Photo: 31. Close view of the bedrock hosting Photo:31. Visible gold grains on the
minute grains of visible gold, weathered surface of hornblende gneiss,
Loc: Edathaur Loc: Edathaur

Photo: 32. Residue containing gold grains Photo: 33. Residue containing gold grains
after panning, Loc. Edathaur after panning, Loc.Edathaur,

68
13.1. Confirmation of gold by goldsmith
Field experiment was carried out by Shri.Paranjothi S, Asst.Geologist
for the confirmation of gold grains. The officer has collected bed rock
samples of 7 – 8 kg from weathered Epidote-Hornblende Gneiss was
collected at Edathanur village to confirm the gold grain. The sample was
panned and the residue consisting of heavies and gold grains, collectively
weighing of about 50 gms were separated. The residue was treated with
conc. nitric acid to remove elements like iron, silver and copper. After acid
treatment the residue was amalgamated with mercury, followed by smelting
under controlled heating using brass troche burner. After smelting gold
speck weighing of 0.58mg was extracted.

13.2. Inspection Visit of Deputy Director General, GSI, SU:TN&P

In connection with the DEIAA work of DGM, Tiruvannamalai District,
Tamil Nadu, Shri Paranjothi S, Assistant Geologist of Geological Survey of
India, SU:TN & P, and Smt.Mythili, Asst.Director, Directorate of Geology and
Mining, Tiruvanamalai District, has carried out field work in
Tiruvannamalai District during the month of July 2017. During the course
of field work, the officer has witnessed Gold occurrence above the country
rock ie., Epidote Hornblende Biotite Gneiss along with bluish quartz vein
along the river Ponnaiyar, at Edathanur village, Thandrampattu – Taluk,
Tiruvannamalai District South of Sattanur Water reservoir.
Based on the report of Shri. Paranjothi S, Assistant Geologist,
Dr.S.Raju, Dy. Director General, Shri. S.B.Vijay Kumar, Senior
Geologist,GSI, SU:TNP and Smt.Mythili, Asst.Director, Directorate of Geology
and Mining, Tiruvanamalai District has carried out field work during
13.07.17 and 14.07.17, in the areas reported for gold panning with an
objective to identify the source and mode of occurrence of mineralisation,
and the scope of carrying out G4 stage exploratory work in the area for Gold.
The lithounits encountered in the area includes charnockite,
charnockitic gneiss and hornblende gneiss +/- epidote. Thin quartz veins
(ribbon like) is found to occur along the gneissic planes of hornblende biotite
gneiss, where fine grains of gold and other sulphides were present along the
contact. Stream sediment and bed rock chip samples were collected for
chemical analysis and petrological studies (Annexure-1 & 2).
The team has taken field traverse in Sathanaur reservoir and
Neepathurai area, reported gold panning, in the upstream side of the river.
69
The Sattanaur reservoir lies 11 kms north of Edathanur village. It is
reported that local panning for gold is being carried out in the natural
course and surplus water course of the reservoir in the downstream side.

The team has visited the Neepathurai site around 25 km east of

Sattanur along the upstream side were active panning was going on. The
lithounits encountered in the area includes Charnockite, Charnockitic
Gneiss, Mylonite with Pseudotachylites, Fault breccia and younger
pegmatitic intrusives. The general trend observed in the area N45ºE /
S45ºW with 50º westerly dip. Highly weathered (limonitic) sulphidic zones of
3.5 to 15m width cutting across the river channel, with disseminations of
Pyrite, Chalcopyrite and Sphalerite? were noticed. These sulphidic zones are
oxidised, yellow to brown colour, fragile with black streak and pungent
smell. It is observed that the local people carry out panning mainly in the
limonitised sulphidic zones. However, visible gold grains were not noted in
the rock chip samples collected from various lithounits present in the area.
Also, it is observed that the locales could not yield gold grains by panning
compared to Edathanur. Bed rocks were collected for chemical analysis and
optical studies.

The presence of fault breccia with psedotachylite, garnet and well

developed mylonitic fabric reveals that the area has undergone severe,
multiple brittle-ductile deformation. It is suspected that the deformation
event could have facilitated in the movement/remobilisation of gold grains
within the rock units.

13.3. Study Area

The area falls in Toposheet No. 57 L/16 and bound by the latitude of
12°14'02"N - 12° 01'41"N and longitude of 78°35'57"E - 78°59'15.83"E. It is
situated in 22kms SW of Tiruvannamalai town. Geomorphologically, the
area is an undulating terrain with residual hills and intermittent plain
lands. The area falls a part of Ponnaiyar (South Pennar) river, that
originates at Nandidurga in Chikkaballapura District of Karnataka State and
flows towards south-east for 400 kmthrough Karnataka and Tamil Nadu,
emptying into the Bay of Bengal at Cuddalore. The South PennarRiver is
known as Dakshina Pinakini in Kannada and Thenpennai in Tamil. It is also
referred as Ponnaiyar. It has a catchment area of 3,690 km2 located in
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh States. Water flows during the
70
 monsoon season when it is fed by the south-west monsoon in catchment
area and the northeast monsoon in Tamil Nadu. However this water flow
raises the water table throughout the river basin and feeds numerous
reservoirs/tanks.

FIG: 12.3.1: IMAGE SHOWING THE AREA OF STUDY

13.4 Background Information

The area forms a part of the Archaean Granulite Terrain of Tamil

Nadu, which consists of gabbro, pyroxenite, banded magnetite quartzite,
pyroxene granulite, charnockite, hornblende biotite gneiss, pink granite
gneiss/pink granitoid gneiss, quartzo-feldspathic gneiss, pink migmatite,
epidote – hornblende gneiss, basic dykes (dolerite), granite, quartz and
pegmatite veins. The general trend of the foliation is N45°E – S45°W with
moderate to steep dip on either side.
During 1990-91, P. Shanmugam,et al carried out regional exploration
for Au in banded iron formation in Chengam and Sankarapuram areas of
Tiruvannamalai and South Arcot districts, Tamil Nadu, falling in Toposheets
No. 57L/11, 15, 16 and 58I/13. Striking map of Banded Iron Formation (BIF)
bands and the enclosing/neighbouring meta basic rocks on 1:50,000 scale,
plotting of shear zones, silicified zones and few stream sediment heavies
collected from 1st order nalas draining BIF bands. Out of the total 350
samples analysed for Au, 85 samples show Au values ranging from 0.1 to 0.4

71
 g/t, 32 samples showing 0.5 to 0.7 g/t and one sample shows value of 0.8
g/t. Samples from magnetite quartzite with quartz veinlets show Cu values
from 115 to 515 ppm. These values fall in the adjoining Toposheet of the
present study area.
Geochemical Mapping (GCM) was taken up in toposheet no.57L/16 in
parts of Tiruvannamalai and Villupuram District of Tamil Nadu by Dilip
Kumar Yadav and Lakshmy C.S during Field Season 2012-13. The analytical
results of one composite stream sediment sample show high value of Au (650
ppb), which falls in the north of Pudurnattam village, (unit cell No.119).
Further the composite cell no. 174 and 178, the gold value were 34 ppb and
52 ppb respectively and the authors recommended to analyze the existing 4
unit cell samples representing the high value of Gold (Au).

Photo:34.Fault breccia with angularPhoto:35.Finegrainedgarnetiferous

clasts within pseudotachylites andgneiss with pseudotachylites,
development of mylonitic fabric, Loc. Neepathurai
Loc. Neepathurai

Photo: 36. Oxidised sulphidic zone, Loc.Photo: 37. Oxidised sulphidic zone with
Neepathurai malachite stains,
Loc. Neepathurai

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Photo: 38. Mylonitic fabric withPhoto: 39. Panning for gold by the
development of boudins, locales,
Loc: Neepathurai Loc: Neepathurai

13.5. Laboratory studies

Subsequent to the filed visit carried out, the stream sediment samples and
the rock chip samples of the bed rock were subjected to the laboratory tests
including hand picking of suspected gold grains from the stream sediments and
mounting for petrological studies, pulverising of stream sediments and rock chip
samples for chemical analysis etc.

13.6. Heavy mineral separation

About 50gm of residue after panning obtained from the local villagers
engaged in panning was subjected to bromoform gravity separation process,
thereby separating the lighter minerals form the heavies including the gold grains.
The heavies obtained from the gravity separation was air dried and the suspected
gold grains were handpicked using forceps and mounted on the thin section for
petrological studies. Detailed petrographic studies were carried out including the
ore microscopic techniques and grain morphometric analysis.

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 Photo: 40. Heavies containing gold grains

Photo: 41. Gold grains mounted on thin section

13.7. Petrological studies

The gold grains were identified by high reflectivity, brilliant yellow colour,
absence of cleavage, isotropic, absence of internal reflection and less tarnishing
effect. The gold grains are rounded and elongated, flaky in nature and shows
brilliant yellow colour in low illumination. The grain size varies between 300µm and
1500 µm. Further detailed studies including EPMA studies with corroborating
chemical analysis may throw light on the identification of gold grains.

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 Photo: 44-47 Photomicrograph of gold grains associated with quartz grains in hornblende
gneiss,Loc: Edathanur

Gold associated with Arseno pyrite?

Photo: 48-49 Photomicrograph of gold grains after heavy mineral separation method, Loc:
Edathanur

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Photo: 50-51. Photomicrograph of gold grains displaying the shape and geometry

Gold associated with Arseno pyrite?

Photo: 52 - 53. Photomicrograph of gold grains displaying the shape and geometry

Photo: 54. Photomicrograph of gold grains displaying the shape and geometry

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13.8.Chemical Analytical Result:
The analytical results of two samples analyzed in HGML, Karnataka
indicated Gold (Au) assay value of 0.2 g/t. The petrological studies of the same,
reveals the presence of few gold grains. Which are rounded, elongated, flaky in
nature and shows brilliant yellow colour in low illumination. The grain size varies
between 300µm and 1500 µm.
Note: The samples are submitted for chemical analyses in GSI, SR-Hyderabad,
results are awaited.

13.9. EPMA Result:

EPMA studies resulted with Au: 74.82 wt% and Ag: 25.87wt%, Ni: 0.03wt%, Fe:
0.05wt%

Sample details for chemical analysis: Annexure – 1

S.No. Sample No. Type of Sample Rock type Coordinates
1 ED – 1 -200 size fraction & Epidote hornblende 12° 06’ 23.42‖
powdered by pulveriser biotite gneiss 78° 55’ 08.10‖
3 NE – 1 -200 size fraction & Horblende Gneiss 12° 09’ 39.20‖
powdered by pulveriser 78° 38’ 34.39‖

Sample details for petrological studies Annexure – 2

S.No. Sample No. Type of Section Rock type Coordinates
1 ED – 1 Thin/ Polished Epidote hornblende biotite 12°06’23.42‖
gneiss 78°55’08.10‖
section
2 ED – 2 Thin/ Polished Charnockite gneiss? 12°06’30.99‖
(3 nos) 78°55’03.75‖
section
3 NE – 2 Thin/ Polished Gneissic Charnockite? 12°09’39.20‖
78°38’34.39‖
section
4 NE–3 Thin/ Polished Hornblende gneiss 12°09’52.7‖
78°38’38‖
section

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General characteristic of gold Annexure – 3
Chemical symbol : Au Atomic number : 79
Group,Period,Block : 11,6,d Atomic weight : 197
(Transition
Element)
Crystal form : Cubic Colour : Golden yellow
to silver white
rarely orange red
Luster : Metallic Hardness : : 2.5 to 3.0
Reflectivity : 99 % of infrared Troy ounce (Oz) : 31.10428 gm
rays
Tola : 11.66 gm 1 carat : 4.167 % of gold
24 carat : 100 % of gold or Alloys : Electrum,
1000 fine Amalgam,
Tellurides
Melting point : 1064.43 °C Conductivity : Electrical:
(1948 °F) 0.452*10^6/cm
ohm
Thermal: 300K

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