A STUDY ON CASH CROPS IN POKHARA WITH

REFERENCE TO COFFEE PRODUCT

BY:

SHOVAKHAR PAUDEL
Exam Roll No.: 16910/15
T.U. Registration No.: 7-2-297-552-2015

A Summer Project Report Submitted to

Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Business Administration

At
Janapriya Multiple Campus
Tribhuvan University

May,2019
Pokhara
 STUDENT DECLARATION
This is to certify that I have completed the Summer Project entitled “A study of cash crops
in Pokhara metropolitan city” Under the guidance of “Mr. Devi Lal Sharma” in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration at
Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University. This is my original work and I have not
submitted it earlier elsewhere.

Date: Signature:

Name:

ii
CERTIFICATE FROM SUPERVISOR

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

During the time of research, many faces were associated. Without kind help and co-
operation from these figures, this study would not have been possible. I would like to
express sincere thanks to those who contributed directly or indirectly to this study.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to the research advisor Mr. Devi Lal Sharma for
his encouragement, suggestions, comments and continuous guidance throughout the whole
study period.

I am grateful to all the authorities who helped me by providing all the substantial data and
information needed and helped me completing this summer project successfully by giving
their time and support to fill up the questionnaire.

At last but not the least, I am deeply indebted to my parents, brothers, sisters and friends
for their help and encouragement throughout my study period.

iv
 TABLE OFCONTENTS
STUDENT DECLARATION................................................................................................ ii
CERTIFICATE FROM SUPERVISOR .............................................................................. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ iiv
LIST OF TABLES............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................. viii

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1

1.1 Context Information ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Purposes of Study .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Significant of the Study ................................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Literature Survey ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Research Methods ........................................................................................................................ 8

CHAPTER-2:DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALAYSIS ................. 11

2.1 Organization profile .................................................................................................................. 11
2.2 Data Presentation ........................................................................................................................ 12
2.3 Analysis of Data .......................................................................................................................... 26
2.4 Findings of the Study .................................................................................................................. 28

CHAPTER-3:CONCLUSION AND ACTION IMPLICATION ............ 28

3.1 Conclusion................................................................................................................................... 28
3.2 Action Implication ...................................................................................................................... 29

REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 30

v
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Topics Page

1.1 Various cash crops in Pokhara 12

1.2 Distribution of coffee

1.3 Types of legumes available

1.4 Production rate of black gram and soybean

1.5 Production rate of lentils and black-eyed peas

1.6 Production rate of peas and gram

1.7 Oil production in Pokhara

1.8 Fruits production in Pokhara

1.9 Production of potato in Pokhara

1.10 Production of mushroom in Pokhara

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Topics Pages

2.1 Cash crops found in Pokhara

2.2 Coffee production of Pokhara

2.3 Major legume categories

2.4 Various legumes and rate

2.5 Types of oil found in Pokhara

2.6 Comparison of mushroom and potato production

vii
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Cash crops are those which are grown not primarily as a source of food, such as grains but
mainly as raw materials for industries. The main cash crops are sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton,
jute, tea, coffee, tobacco and rubber. For the high yield of cash crops, farmers should
carefully plan and skillfully manage the crop production.

The specific objective of this research is to determine the status of production of cash crops
in Pokhara metropolitan city to know about varieties of cash crops produced here and the
revenue generated from them. These data have been obtained from governmental
authorities who are relevant and precise.

The research design used in this project is exploratory and descriptive research and the data
collection scheme is secondary data collection. Interview was taken with respective
authority and data regarding existing crops in Pokhara were tabulated and analysis was
done.

Various data were collected from the agricultural headquarter of the district. Major
conclusions drawn from this research were that coffee has the high market potential and
enormous product ability with the reference of our climate, land topography and quality
market.

The research concluded that coffee was produced almost one hundred thirty-four units in
tons and generated total of ten lakhs eighty-six thousand five hundred in rupees. Other cash
crops were produced one hundred and eleven tons in units, oil being produced one hundred
twenty-three tons, fruits eight hundred twenty-one units in tons and potato and mushroom
twenty-six and thirty-three metric tons respectively.

viii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Context Information
A cash crop is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit. It is typically purchased
by parties separate from a farm. The term is used to differentiate marketed crops from
subsistence crops, which are fed to the producer’s own livestock or grown as food for
producer’s family. In earlier times cash crops were usually a small (but vital) part of farm’s
total yield, while today especially in developed countries, almost all crops are grown for
revenue. In the least developed countries, cash crops are usually cropping which attract
demand in more developed nations, and hence have some export value.

Price for major cash crops are set in commodity markets with global scope, with some local
variations (termed as” basis”) base on freight cost and local supply and demand balance.
A consequence of this is that a nation, region, or individual producer relying on such a crop
may suffer low prices should a bumper crop elsewhere lead to excess supply on the global
markets. This system has been criticized by traditional farmers. Coffee is an example of a
product that has been susceptible to significant commodity future price variations.
(Wikipedia 2010).

Cash crop farming is for profit. Also called commercial farming and cash cropping, it is
a farming venture in which cash crops are grown. Cash crops are those which are produced
for the purpose of generating cash or money. The products are therefore intended to be
marketed for profit. Cash crops were a big thing when slavery was around, but now it's
normal to us. People go to local grocery store and buy whatever they need, when they need
it. In today's society, people necessarily don't use the term cash crops anymore because we
essentially don't need to call it that. People today don't realize that there are still slaves in
countries that make our food for us.
There are various types of cash crops such as jute, tea, coffee, etc. Some of which are
abundantly present in our locality. Coffee is one of the best cash crops with high potential
in national as well as global market. So, production of coffee has been a great leap in the
sector of cash cropping. Generally, rather than other food crops cash crops are produced
with low physical efficiency and high technicality. Cash crops can also be a major part in
influencing the GDP of the country. In an agricultural country like Nepal cash crops are
eventually the vital goods for export as most of the products that are exported by our
country are cash crops. (Wikipedia 2010)

Coffee farming has a huge potential in terms of climate and geographical topography in
Nepal. Tea and coffee are the most valuable cash crops regarding Nepal. However, Jute,
cardamom on the other hand has some geographical limits. Coffee can be produced
either in the plain land or in terraces. It normally starts giving its fruit after one year of
the plantation. Coffee required shades for proper growth so that it is not affected by
scorching light of sun. Generally, wet lands are preferred for the coffee farming as less
fertilizer are required for farming in such places. Coffee not only can be cultivated easily
but it can also be converted into the finished goods within the local or household
industry. Because of such perfect platform farmers are encouraged to grow coffee and
generate income for them as well as the country’s economy.

Cash crop is generally cultivated to sell for generating profit. It may be the excess of
what a farmer produces and does not need to keep for subsistence. Cash crops are raw
materials for the industrial use. For the high yield of cash crops, farmers should carefully
plan and skillfully manage the crop production.

For instance, Cotton is the one of the world’s leading cash crops. It can be economically
produced and making cotton products is also relatively inexpensive. Cotton fabrics are
extremely durable and resistant to abrasion. Cotton accepts many dyes, is usually
washable, and can be ironed at relatively high temperatures.

2
Coffee is one of the most prized commodities around the world, some believe only second
to oil. A coffee tree yields its maximum sometimes between its fifth and tenth year and
may bear for about 30 years.

Crops sold on market (cash crops) are an integral part of strategies to improve the
economic status in a country like Nepal. By selling their surplus, production, agricultural
households generate income that improves daily life style. Several factors have worked in
favor for the expansion and the commercialization of the crops sector. Agricultural
policies have improved, becoming less distortive, incentives for farmers have improved.
Growth in export trade has been raised and supported. There is a great difference between
the cash crops of present and the past as nowadays each and every marketed crop are cash
crops.

Cash crops production enables farmers and farm workers to increase living standards.
Moreover, most importantly the production of cash crops offers farmers opportunities for
investment and improving management of firms, stimulating agricultural innovation and
increase yields. As of any farming activity, cash crops agriculture requires management
of risk such as soil degradation price variability and marker access. (Wikipedia 2010).

For an agricultural country like Nepal where due to various problems and situations
ongoing, for those people who intend to do something within the country Cash crop
farming is the best and the suitable option available as it provides the platform for the
modern youths to do something profitable and economical to raise the standards in
personal level as well as in the perspective of a country too. To raise the economic
standards of a country which is almost dependent on agriculture, cash crop will be the best
suitable option as it defines the modern agricultural system and focuses highly on
economy.

A country cannot produce everything needed for it on its own so that there is trend of
exporting and importing goods. In order to maintain the equilibrium state of exports and
imports one should have the proper knowledge of goods imported and exported. For

3
example, we are Nepali we depend highly on other countries for various modern tools,
equipment’s, machines etc. as till date we do not have any kind of proper skilled human
resource in that area so, what we can do properly is agriculture and even in traditional
agriculture it is quite difficult earn such huge amount of money to balance the trade deficit
and the best alternative for balancing the figures is cash crop farming as a lot of money is
generated from there. Therefore, those goods which are necessary can be imported and a
lot of cash crops which have high demand over the various countries can be exported.
(coffee farm 2012).

Growing cash crops in lands where food is where food is traditionally grown can have a
profound impact on food security (Tshirley Thieraut, 2013).

1.2 Purposes of Study

The main aim of this research is to study about cash crops production specially being
coffee and their contribution in overall revenue generation.

 To examine the varieties of cash crops produced in Pokhara Metropolitan city

 To access the volume of cash crops produced around Pokhara metropolitan city
 To examine the contribution of coffee product

1.3 Significant of the Study

 This study is helpful to find out the volume of cash crops that can be produced
in a given area
 This research assists businessmen and entrepreneurs to invest and get engaged
in sector of cash crops.
 This study is helpful for the student and other researcher who are interested in
this research topic.

4
  This study suggests farmers to grow even more as of now to meet the daily
household requirements.
 This research encourages people to be involved in such beneficial market.

1.4Literature Survey

The review of literature is a crucial aspect. The main purpose of literature review is to
find out what works have been done in the area of this research problem under study
and what has not been explored.

1.4.1 Conceptual Review

A cash crop is that type of crops which is cultivated to change the product directly into the
cash. Cash crop farming is for profit. Also called commercial farming and cash cropping,
it is a farming venture in which cash crops are grown. Cash crops are those which are
produced for the purpose of generating cash or money. The products are therefore intendent
to be marketed for profit.

Individual farmers just naturally grow cash crops as a livelihood and to generate cash for
the family’s need. An extra profit is needed to fund the next cropping activities. The
farming methods employed differ from farmer to farmer and from country to country. In
developing countries, many traditional farmers continue to adopt their customary practices.
But in highly industrialized countries, intensive cultivation and mechanized farming are
common. this is so with large plantations operated by multinational companies and by
individuals having sufficient capital.

Cash crops like coffee, cotton, ginger, herbs, and jute. Cardamom, peanut, soybean,
sugarcane, tea tobacco are produced in Nepal. Jute cultivation is done in the plain lands,
where there is enough water. While on the hill, a huge amount of tea cultivation is done.
Coffee is cultivated as well as exported from Nepal. As the economy of Nepal is highly
dependent on agriculture most of the people are engaged in cash crop farming so that they
can earn more money by exporting them.

People cultivate and harvest cash crops as the main sources of income. They intend to
cultivate cash crops to fulfill their other desires that are necessary in day to day life. There

5
is a fix time to cultivate and fix time to harvest the cash crops. In a poor country like Nepal
harvesting and planting the cash crops are totally dependent on the nature. As like if in the
rainy season if there is drought for ten to twenty days then during the time of planting cash
crops it will be difficult. Likewise, at the time of harvesting too if thunder occurs and
hailstones fall then all crops will get destroyed.

1.4.2 Review of Related Studies

The agricultural development strategies followed by most governments in less developed

countries who have interest in agricultural planning, vary to a large degree, but can be
regrouped as the “western” model of development. This is generally equated with increased
production and the need to increase the production level of small farmers. Government of
some of the developing countries are extremely interested in cash crop farming and are
ready to provide subsidy to the farmers as they know it’s the only way now to keep the
economic phase of the nation balanced and be the only way to generate the revenue for the
country. Gibbons shares the viewpoint that agricultural research institutions remain
dominated by prevailing western scientific paradigm (Gibbons, De Konick& Hasan, 1980).

Technological changes in cash crops can be a major vehicle in agricultural development

reaching far beyond the more immediate goals of increasing production and satisfying food
and nutritional needs as well as the alleviation of poverty. Technology should parallel
change or implement to make the farmers more involved in the production of the cash
crops. Development in the agriculture will encourages the farmers or motivates them to be
engaged in agriculture more often because it seems easy after the availability of
technological resources (Birow & Qasem, 1987).

The transfer and adoption of newly developed technologies were and will always be part
of development system of mankind, as it implies that everyday there will be a change and
even in the agriculture there will be the change in its procedures, materials and everything,
It’s an ongoing process that is going to continue till human exist ( Sunter 1996).

With the liberalization of national and international trade and markets, the farmers who do
not adapt to changes by adopting the new technology of growing crops i.e. more cash crops

6
instead of food crops people would not be able to compete in the marketplace of the
liberalized world. The modern people are highly concerned about the cash crop farming
the farmers must know how they can adapt to the change that is occurring day by day due
to various technological changes and the other changes (NCELL, 1997).

More than two –thirds population resides in the rural area and most of them depend on
agriculture. Subsistence form of agriculture is common in Nepal. Rural area and cash crops
are interrelated like two parts of the same coin. The contribution of agriculture to national
gross domestic product is remarkable; however, is declining over the decades. In fact, the
agricultural sector cannot attract young people; the trend of migration from rural to urban
is significantly increasing. The poverty is exceedingly marked in rural Nepal. The
government of Nepal emphasizes on agricultural development in for poverty alleviation.
Order to alleviate poverty, rural development and national economic growth through the
policy level.

However available data and qualitative analysis reveal that the outcome from the
agricultural sector is not satisfactory due to the several factors. In such situation more than
half of the population has been facing food insufficiency. Because of weak policy and
implementation, the agricultural sector has been suffering poor outcome. In that way
government of Nepal along with concerned authorities should effectively implement
agriculture policies in order to reduce poverty and rural development. The agriculture-rural
accommodating policies and successful performance are crucial for poverty alleviation and
rural development. ( Chaudhary, 2015).

Nepal is culturally an agriculturally based country. One third of the GDP comes from
agriculture and there are numerous opportunities in agriculture mainly because of varied
agro- climate prevailed in the country. Especially cash crops have the comparative
advantage that could be produced in huge market to meet the demand of neighboring
countries as well. Trade deficit, food insecurity, income generation, poverty reduction, and
employment generation could be addressed by turning present status of robust, vibrant and
commercial agriculture through technology led agro-industrialization. There are agro
commodities which are imported from India and other countries in huge quantity by the

7
scarce hard currency earned through remittance. evidence shows that almost 70% of the
remittance is spent for agricultural commodities which have high potentiality to produce
within the country even after local consumption.

Such product can be exported to the other countries to mitigate trade imbalance, enhance
export promotion and import reduction and promote agriculture within a time frame as
propose a couple of years ago by government of Nepal. Nepal should come up with
functional, pragmatic and implementable agricultural plan and policy to harness huge
possibility of agriculture commercialization to meet the consumption demand within and
outside the country (Poudel 2016 ).

1.5Research Methods
Research simply means to search again and again. It is a systematic activity to achieve
truth or findings solution to a problem. It is a process of a systematic and in-depth study
or research of any particular topic, subject or area of investigation backed by the
collection, presentation and interpretation of relevant details or data. Methodology is the
research method used to test the hypothesis. So, the research methodology refers to
overall research process, which a researcher conducts during his/her study. “The
purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the applications of
scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find the truth which is hidden and
which has not been discovered at yet.”

The basic framework of this study is descriptive. In order to reach and accomplish the
objectives of this study, different activities are carried out and different stages are
crossed during the study period. For this purpose, the chapter aims to present and reflect
the methods and techniques are carried out and followed during the study period.

1.5.1 Research Design

8
This research is quantitative study which is descriptive in nature and based mainly on
secondary data collection methods where researcher collects the data for the research by
themselves as well as from different other secondary sources. So, the researcher has used
descriptive research design in this summer project report.

1.5.2 Justification of Study Unit

The research has practical relevance, in this research the data is taken from the District
agriculture office located in Pokhara -17 Birauta. The data is taken from there as it keeps
all the information about the production of crops produced within the area and are very
authentic . Except this office exact data about production, revenue collection is rarely
available.

1.5.3 Nature and Sources of data

The nature of data collected in this research is quantitative. The data is collected
from lucid secondary sources.
 The secondary sources include data from articles in various newspapers, relevant
data from metropolitan agricultural office including coffee co-operatives.

1.5.4 Data Collection Procedure

These data were collected from governmental authorities by meeting in person. Data are
highly reliable and updated every month. Some questions were also asked to the
respective authorities in the interview. Interview is one of the best data collection
schemes and is highly precise.

1.5.5 Data Analysis Tool

Various tables, pie chart, time diagrams, histograms have been used to analysis the
data thoroughly. These figures help researchers to analyze the data at one glance and
are used for future comparisons.

9
 CHAPTER II

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALAYSIS

2.1 Organization profile
This report contains three different chapters. First chapter is Introduction which includes
context information, purpose of the study, significance of the study, literature survey,
research methods used for data collection and analysis. Similarly, second chapter is data
presentation and analysis that includes the organization/situation/respondent profile,
data presentation, data analysis, findings and discussion. Here, collected data and their
presentation are made through tables, charts and diagrams, and analysis or interpretation
of those presented data is done later. And the last chapter is about conclusion and action
implications. Then references and appendixes are presented at the end of the report.

Entire farmers involving in the production of cash crops in Pokhara are the population
of this research. Production per metric ton, rate and total cost has been evaluated for
major cash crops present in the city. Out of various cash crops, soybean, black gram,
peas, coffee, beans, black eyed peas and lentils were significant and abundant.

The entire data of this research report is collected from district agricultural office, which is
located in Pokhara, Birauta. There are seventy-five agricultural offices in seventy-five the
sort of districts. They attempt to keep each and every kind of data that are related with the
agriculture. These agricultural offices keep the data from each and every farmer how much
crops do they grow and what type of crops are suitable in which type of places. They even
suggest the farmers about the possible crops that they can grow in the near future.

These offices and research centers are meant to be provide farmers with the basic
knowledge and awareness programs about farming and how they can generate more crops
as main sources of revenue which will directly affect the economy of the nation. They make
the farmers well known about the use of modern equipment’s to make farming life easy.

Government of Nepal is launching various programs regarding development of the cash

crops. As a developing country and the country dependent on the agriculture the country
and department of agriculture is trying to convince farmers to grow cash crops by
providing any facilities.

Nowadays these offices are providing subsidies to the farmers, seeds of the crops, loan for
agricultural program, modern tools and machines required for agriculture, plastic for green
houses, classes for the trainee etc. so that most of the youths who are jobless also gets
encouraged and motivated towards the modern agriculture.

These projects also aim to fulfill the demand of the farmers. Offices themselves handle the
production and the selling of the market domestically as well as in the international level.
Not only that insurance facility is provided to the farmers in case of destruction of crops
due to the natural calamities

2.2 Data Presentation

Data presentation is the process of presenting the data in systematic way with the aim
to simplify the information collected. Presentation of data and analysis of data is one of
the most needed factors to be compulsory done in the report writing. This should be
done with the stated objectives. In this chapter, the data and information collected from
various sources is managed, analyzed and presented in proper tabular formats. The data
presentation of this summer project is mentioned in the following ways:

Table 1.1
Various Cash crops in Pokhara

12
 Categories Volume (metric ton) Percentage
1 Coffee 133.65 7.5
2 Legume 110 6.21
3 Oil and Veg 123.65 6.98
4 Fruits 821 46.39
5 Potato 429 24.245
6 Mushroom 152.4 8.71
Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.1 shows the categories of the various cash crops with their volume and
percentages produced within Pokhara valley.

Fruits

Potato

Mushroom
Oil and veg Coffee
Legume

Figure 2.1 Cash crops found in pokhara

Figure 2.1 shows the portion covered by various cash crops in produced in Pokhara in a
pie diagram.

Coffee
Organic coffee farming in Nepal is becoming popular among farmers since the last few
decades. Organic coffee is an environment friendly high value cash crop help to increase
the income of Nepali farmers. In this way coffee farming is going popular day by day
in the rural mid-hill region of Nepal. Total production of Rs 1086500 has been made in
recent year in Pokhara metropolitan city.
Table 1.2
Distribution of Coffee

13
 Production in
S.N Place Amount
metric ton

1 Pokhara-20 valam 4.4 44,000

2 Majhthana 0 0
3 Pokhara-25 0 0
4 Pokhara-19 0 0
5 Puraunchaur 0 0
6 Pokhara 0 0
7 Aarmala 0 0
8 Pumdi-Bhumdi 0 0
9 Kristi 0 0
10 Nirmalpokhari 5.25 52,500
11 Aarbabijaya 0 0
12 Kahu 0 0
13 Chapakot 0 0
14 Sarangkot 0 0
15 Bhadaurey 25 0
16 Pokhara 26-33 99 990000
Total 133.65 1086500

Source: District agricultural office pokhara

Table 1.2 shows the amount of coffee product produced around Pokhara valley and
revenue generated by it.

14
 Progressive production of coffee in Pokhara
11000

10800

10600

10400

10200

10000

9800

9600

9400
2071 2072 2073 2074

Figure 2.2 Coffee production timeline

Figure 2.2 shows the progressive coffee production from 2071 to 2074 where production
of coffee is in increasing order

Legume

Legume is the second most significant cash crop found in Pokhara. Furthermore, it can
be sub-divided into black eyed peas, beans, peas, lentils, black gram. Out of these
lentils was found to be widely commercialized. Black eyed peas seemed to be static
over past three years and was of less importance.

15
 Table 1.3
Types of legume available

SN Categories Volume (metric ton) Percentage

1 Soybean 7.739 7
2 Black Gram 58.695 53
3 Lentils 21.662 20
4 Peas 13.75 13
5 Black eyed peas 9.191 8

Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.3 shows the varieties of legumes produced and their volume and percentage
in metric tons.

Legume production classification

Soyabean
Black eyed peas

Peas
Lentils

Figure 2.3
Major legume categories

Figure 2.3 shows the portion or number of legumes produced in Pokhara valley in a pie
diagram.

Table 1.4

16
 Production of Black gram and Soybean

SN Place Black gram Soybean

Production Rate Total Production Rate Total

1 Pokhara-20 22 55000 1210000 37 75000 2775000

2 Majhthana 8.4 55000 462000 4 75000 300000

3 Pokhara-25 2.1 55000 115500 2.4 75000 180000

4 Pokhara-19 2.1 57000 119700 2.4 75000 180000

5 Puraunchaur 3.5 55000 192500 3.2 75000 240000

6 Pokhara 0.8 55000 44000 1.6 75000 120000

7 Aarmala 0.8 57000 45600 2.4 75000 180000

8 Pumdi vumdi 1.6 55000 88000 3.84 75000 288000

9 Kristi 0.5 55000 27500 2.4 75000 180000

10 Nirmalpokhari 0 55000 0 0 75000 0

11 Aarbabijay 6.66 55000 366300 3.15 75000 236250

12 Kahu 2.146 55000 118030 2.94 75000 220500

13 Chapakot 2.079 55000 114345 2.743 75000 205725

14 Sarangkot 4.585 55000 252175 4.131 75000 309825

15 Bhadaurey 1.425 55000 78375 5.535 75000 415125

16 Pokhara26-33 0 55000 0 0 75000 0

Total 58.695 3234025 77.73 5830425

Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.4 shows the amount of Black gram and Soybean produced in different areas
around Pokhara and revenue generated from it.

Table 1.5

17
 Production of Lentils and Black-eyed Peas

SN Place Lentils Black

eyed peas
Production Rate Total Production Rate Total
1 Pokhara-20 6 78,000 468000 2 69,000 138000
2 Majhthana 3 82,000 246000 4.8 72,000 345600
3 Pokhara-25 1.6 78,000 124800 0 70,000 0
4 Pokhara-19 0.8 84,000 67200 0 71,250 0
5 Puraunchaur 1 82,000 82000 0 73,212 0
6 Pokhara 1 80,000 80000 0 69,000 0
7 Aarmala 1 78,000 78000 0 70,008 0
8 Pumdi vumdi 1.5 78,000 117000 0 71,000 0
9 Kristi 1 86,000 86000 0 68,320 0
10 Nirmalpokhari 0 82,000 0 0 69,000 0
11 Aarbabijay 1.5 78,000 117000 0.48 72,000 34560
12 Kahu 1.4 80,000 112000 0.476 74120 35281.12

13 Chapakot 0.672 82,000 55104 0.455 73,220 33315.1

14 Sarangkot 0.68 78,000 53040 0.455 71,180 32386.9
15 Bhadaurey 0.51 76,000 38760 0.525 69,150 36303.75
16 Pokhara26- 0 81,000 0 0 71,202 0
33
Total 21.662 1724904 9.191 655446.87

Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.5 shows the number of Lentils and Black-eyed peas produced in different areas
around Pokhara and revenue generated from it.

Table 1.6

18
 Production of Peas and Gram

SN Place Peas Gram

Production Rate Total Production Rate Total
1 Pokhara-20 10.75 73,000 784750 0 97,000 0

2 Majhthana 3.30 83,000 251550 0 96000 0

3 Pokhara-25 1 78,000 78000 0 98,200 0

4 Pokhara-19 1 83,000 83000 0 98,600 0

5 Puraunchaur 1 82,000 82000 0 98,700 0

6 Pokhara 0 80,000 0 0 99,220 0

7 Aarmala 0 78,000 0 0 1,00,450 0

8 Pumdi vumdi 0 78,000 0 0 1,00,200 0

9 Kristi 0 82,000 0 0 99,950 0

10 Nirmalpokhari 0 81,300 0 0 99,120 0

11 Aarbabijay 0 78,000 0 0 98,950 0

12 Kahu 0 82,000 0 0 981,250 0

13 Chapakot 0 83,000 0 0 1,00,420 0

14 Sarangkot 0 78,000 0 0 1,02,540 0

15 Bhadaurey 0 79,000 0 0 1,00,540 0

16 Pokhara26-33 0 81,000 0 0 1,02,00 0

Total 13.75 1,279,300 0 0

Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.6 shows the amount of Peas and Gram produced in different areas around
Pokhara and revenue generated from it.

19
 Rate of production annually per thousand
7000

6000
Soyabeen , 5830

5000

4000
Black gram, 3234
3000

2000 Lentils, 1724

Peas, 1279.3
Black eyed peas,
1000 655.446

Figure 2.4 Various Legumes and rate

Figure no. 2.4 shows the rate of production annually per thousand of legumes around
Pokhara via bar diagram.

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Oils
There are abundant sources of oil found in Pokhara among which mustard oil is the most
significant. Seseme, Sarso, nut oil is also found to be produced in some extent.

Table 1.7
Oil production in Pokhara

S.N Place Total

Land Units in Production
used ton per hector

1 Pokhara-20 valam 11 16.5 3

2 Majhthana 11.5 5.7 0.18
3 Pokhara-25 2.5 20.1 0.804
4 Pokhara-19 21.5 17.25 0.802
5 Puraunchaur 20 15.9 0.795
6 Pokhara 0 9.3 7.57
7 Aarmala 0 9.3 7.52
8 Pumdivumdi 0 10.5 8.77
9 Kristi 0 11.8 9.3
10 Nirmalpokhari 0 0 5.92
11 Aarbabijaya 0 0 0
12 Kahu 0 0 0
13 Chapakot 0 0 0
14 Sarangkot 0 0 0
15 Bhadaurey 0 0 0
16 Pokhara26-33 0 0 0
Total 66.5 123.65 44.661

Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.7 shows the production of different oil products in Pokhara in metric ton and land
used by it.

21
 Oil production and classification

Mustard oil
40%

Nut oil
55%

Seseme
Sarso 2%
3%

Figure 2.5 Types of oil found in Pokhara

Figure 2.5 shows the production of varieties of oils produced around Pokhara and portion
covered by them via pie diagram.

22
 Fruits
Table 1.8
Production of fruits in pokhara

Total
S.N Total land
Place Metric ton
Production
Net Product ability per hector

1 Pokhara-20 15 11 28
2 Majhthana 7.6 7.2 54.3 0
3 Pokhara-25 1 1 9 10
4 Pokhara-19 1.5 1.5 15 10
5 Puraunchaur 4 4 40 10
6 Pokhara 0 0 0 0
7 Aarmala 0 0 0 0
8 Pumdivumdi 0 0 0 0
9 Kristi 0 0 0 0
10 Nirmalpokhari 0 0 0 0
11 Aarbabijay 0 0 0 0
12 Kahu 0 0 0 0
13 Chapakot 0 0 0 0
14 Sarangkot 0 0 0 0
15 Bhadaurey 0 0 0 0
16 Pokhara26-33 89 89 675 0
Total 118.1 113.7 821.3 30

Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.8 shows the fruits produced around Pokhara, product ability, and production in
metric tons.

23
Potato
Table 1.9
Production of Potato in Pokhara
Location Potato
S.N
Production Product ability Metric ton
per hector
1 Pokhara-20 429.9 26.3 15046500
2 Majhthana 0 0 0
3 Pokhara-25 0 0 0
4 Pokhara-19 0 0 0
5 Puraunchaur 0 0 0
6 Pokhara 0 0 0
7 Aarmala 0 0 0
8 Pumdi vumdi 0 0 0
9 Kristi 0 0 0
10 Nirmalpokhari 0 0 0
11 Aarba bijaya 0 0 0
12 Kahu 0 0 0
13 Chapakot 0 0 0
14 Sarangkot 0 0 0
15 Bhadaurey 0 0 0
16 Pokhara26-33 3404.1 0 0

Total 429.9 26.3 15046500

Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.9 shows the production of potato around Pokhara, its product ability and
production in metric tons.

24
Mushroom
Table 1.10
Production of Mushroom in Pokhara
Place Mushroom
S.N Production Product Metric ton
ability per hector
1 Pokhara-20 0 0 0
2 Majhthana 0 0 0
3 Pokhara-25 0 0 0
4 Pokhara-19 0 0 0
5 Puraunchaur 0 0 0
6 Pokhara 6 4 1200000
7 Aarmala 1.2 4 240000
8 Pumdi vumdi 9.6 4 1920000
9 Kristi 3 4 600000
10 Nirmalpokhari 6 4 1200000
11 Aarba bijaya 10.1 5.1 2020000
12 Kahu 0 0 0
13 Chapakot 0 0 0
14 Sarangkot 3 4 600000
15 Bhadaurey 3.5 4 700000
16 Pokhara26-33 110 0 22000000

Total 152.4 33.1 32,400000

Source: District agricultural office, Pokhara

Table 1.10 shows the production of mushroom in various places around Pokhara, its
product ability and production in metric tons’

25
35
mushroom, 32
30

25

20

15

10

5
potato, 1.5
0
2071 2072 2073 2074

Figure 2.6 Comparison of Potato and Mushroom Production

Figure 2.6 shows the comparison of production of potato and mushroom from 2071 to
2074 where potato is produced in a constant rate and mushroom is produced in increasing
order.

2.3 Analysis of Data

There are various varieties of cash crops such as coffee, legume, oil and veg, potato and
mushroom, spices and others. Also there may be some other cash crops such as cardamom,
avocado etc. but due to its low cultivation in that particular area we kept those cash crops
in the classification of others.

Here in the table no.1.1 categories of crops produced and its amount are shown. We can
see that fruits are the highest among all as it has the production of eight hundred twenty-
one metric tons. The second most produced cash crops are potato which are four hundred
twenty nine and remaining others are mushroom which has the production of one hundred
fifty two point four metric tons, coffee with the production of one hundred thirty three
metric tons, oil produced one hundred twenty three point sixty five metric tons and
remaining legume with the production of one hundred ten metric tons respectively.

26
These exact numbers are shown in the pie diagram in fig 2.1 as we can see most of the
portion covered by fruits, then after potato, mushroom, potato, coffee, oil and legume
respectively.

In the table no. 1.2, we only see the production of coffee in different areas of Pokhara
metropolitan city. The production units are shown in hector. Among the different places
where coffee is cultivated the most coffee cultivating areas are from Pokhara Lekhnath
ward no twenty-six to thirty three and the total coffee produced in hector is133.65 and the
revenue generated from it is ten lakhs eighty six thousand and five hundred.

The figure 2.2 represents the progressive production of coffee in Pokhara from 2071 to
2074. It has been seen that there has been massive upgrade in coffee production between
these dates. So from here what we can predict is that here is been significant improvement
in coffee production and forecast that more amount of coffee will be produced in the future
resulting in higher revenue.

There are various types of legumes such as soybean, black grams lentils etc. In table no.
1.3 we can see that the most produced legume in Pokhara is black gram i.e. fifty-three
percentage out of hundred. Secondly, lentils is produced twenty percentages, peas thirteen
percentages, black eyed peas eight percentages and soybean seven percentages
respectively.

Fig 2.3 shows the distribution of legume production where most of the portion is covered
by black gram, lentils, peas, black eyed peas and soybean respectively.

And in the table no. 1.4, 1.5 and 1,6 we can see the production of legumes in detail where
we can see how much varieties of legumes are produced as well as in what quantity are
they produce in different placed of Pokhara.

Figure no. 2.4 shows the rate of production annually per thousand where the production
units are shown via bar graph soybean is the most produced among the legumes followed
by black grams, lentils, peas and black eyed peas respectively.

Here in the figure no. 2.5 and the table no. 1.7 the distribution of oil product can be seen.
The amount of varieties of oils produced here can be distinctly seen. The most produced

27
oil product here is nut oil, mustard oil, sesame oil and sarso oil respectively as of the figure
but in the table, we can see total distributions of oil product only.

Here in the table no. 1.8 we can see distribution of fruits as cash crops and the amount of
its production in the different places around Pokhara where most of the fruits are produced
within ward numbers twenty-six to thirty-three respectively.

Table no.1.9 and 1.10 shows the distribution of potato and mushroom respectively where
we can see that four hundred and twenty nine metric tons of potato are produced in Pokhara
whereas one hundred and fifty two metric tons of mushrooms are produced And in the
comparison we can see that mushroom is highly produced then potato (are in increasing
order) and if given importance can have the high market establishment because of the
market demand and stable price.

And the figure 2.7 here shows the growth in production of potato and mushroom where
growth of potato is in constant level whereas mushroom is in highly increasing order.

2.4 Findings of the Study

 The cash crops produced in Pokhara were legumes, fruits coffee, oil, veg, potato
and mushroom.
 Fruits were produced the most followed by potato and mushroom and oil, coffee
respectively.
 The volume of fruits were found to be 821, potato 429, mushroom 152.4, oil
123.65, coffee 133, and legumes being 110 in metric tons.
 Coffee was produced 133.65 in metric tons and generated 1,336,500 in rupees.
 Coffee if given the proper emphasis can grow in the domestic as well as in the
international market.

28
 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION AND ACTION IMPLICATION

3.1 Conclusion
It was a good opportunity to work on the skill of patience, as a large number of
data. It helped in developing the kind of relations one needs to uphold in the
corporate world and it helped in building up the right attitude and the skill to
behave and gain knowledge from other various senior personnel.

From the analysis of data collected and from the experience’s researcher have
reached the following conclusions. Coffee is the most profitable cash crops
among other various cash crops that are produced in Pokhara as well as other
places because of its easy market access, high profitability, easy to grow as well
as its flexibility to grow in various land topographies. Other cops have the highest
earnings in a complex form but coffee alone is a single product the is produced
more and generates highest revenue and can be exported to various countries in
comparison with the other product. There is huge difference between demand and
supply of the coffee product as supply is quite low with comparison to demand.
 3.2 Action Implication
Coffee is one of the leading cash crops.

The suggestion generated by the research are as follows:

 Since coffee has its high market value and faith towards the farmers coffee production
should be prioritized even more.
 The government should provide subsidies to the farmers and proper rewards, so that
they may get even more motivated and production may get enhanced.
 Proper farming tools should be provided to the farmers so that the production process
would get easy and dealt without hesitation.
 Various programs regarding farming should be launched so the attention of the modern
youth can grow.
 Cash crops should be made a main target of production as they are the main exporting
materials.

29
 Reference
Kothari C R,(2004) “Research and Methods & Techniques”, New Age International
(P) Ltd.

Cooper Donald R & Shindler Pamela (1976), “Business Research Methods” Tata Mac-Hill
Edition Eighth.

Mina Nath Poudel, (2016)“Agronomy journal of Nepal vol.4”, national agriculture genetic
Resource center, khumaltar)

Tshirley and Thieraut,(2013) “Impact of cash cropping on food crop” Massachusetts: gold
horse publisher.

Gibbons, De Konick & Hasan, (1980) “Agriculture Modernization Poverty and

inequality” Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Publications.

Birow And Qasem,(1987) “Handbook of Alternative Cash Crop” Sharon publication:

Al-Qasem Region.

Sunter,(1996) “Path of Innovation” London: English publication.

P D Chaudary,(2015) “Complete Agriculture” New Bishal Publications: Maharashtra.

NCELL, (1997) “Journal of Management and Development” Vol.3 Page No.1.

District agricultural office, Pokhara – Birauta

Data from (http://www.agricultureinnepal.com/coffee-farm)

Wikipedia,(2010) “Cash Crops” Nepali Agriculture: Pokhara, Nepal.

30