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Primary Sources

Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985).​ Image. ​Britannica School​, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Apr. 2019.

This picture is a picture of the prime minister of Britain and leader of Northern Ireland

signing the Anglo-Irish agreement stating that any changes happening to Northern Ireland

must be approved by the majority of the population. We used it to help us understand

how they settled their differences.

“The British Experience in Northern Ireland.” ​Image. EBSCOhost,​ ​EBSCOhost. ​Jan. 2007.

This picture depicts the violence the British troops had on the protestor while arresting

them. It was used to display why this was a controversy for many decades.

British soldiers in Northern Ireland.​ Image. ​Britannica School​, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Apr.

2019.

This picture shows the violence of the Bogside battle and how violent it got during the

riot. It was used to help viewers get a better understanding of how these riots were very

dangerous and scary for all participants not just the marchers.

Dublin Peace March.​ Image. ​Britannica School​, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Apr. 2019.

This picture was used to show just how many people were involved in these peace

marches. It was one of the largest marches during the Troubles era.

"The destruction of a bomb blast near Britain’s tallest high-rise, in 1996, just an hour after the..."

Terrorism: Essential Primary Sources​, edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth

Lerner, Gale, 2006. ​Student Resources In Context​.

In this picture, there is a building that has recently been destroyed by a bomb. This

picture was used to demonstrate the level of violence that took place.
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"Irish Republican Army (IRA)." ​Britannica School​, Encyclopædia Britannica, 28 Dec. 2017.

This picture was a primary source and shows a picture of the original members of the

IRA. it clearly shows how even with their small numbers from the start they still had

large amounts of guns that was rare for the time because of the difficulty to obtain the

weapons.

Irish Republican Army: trainee members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army.​ Image.

Britannica School,​ Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Apr. 2019.

This is a picture of members of the Irish Republican Army. We used it in the subsection

about the IRA and its division.

Masked Man with Gun.​ Image. ​Britannica School​, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Apr. 2019.

In this picture, ​an IRA member is squatting on patrol in West Belfast as women and

children are approaching. This image was used by us to better capture the brutality that

this conflict caused.

Northern Ireland: peace movement.​ Image. ​Britannica School​, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Jun.

2009.

This picture depicts a protest in 1968 before they got incredibly violent and disorderly.

This was used for a depiction of the riots pre-violence. It was used in the subsection “the

troubles begin.

The 1969 Riots in Northern Ireland.​ Image. ​Britannica School​, Encyclopædia Britannica, 8 Apr.

2019.

This is a picture of the riots that took place in 1969. It shows a few armed officers

running
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toward protesters. This was used when we wrote about the riots.

Secondary Sources

Badertscher, Eric. “Chapter Two: The Easter Uprising.” ​Irish Nationalism & the Easter Rising​,

Great Neck Publishing, 2017, p. 2. EBSCOhost.

This particular incident occurred prior to the dominance the IRA had as the nationalist

group. In 1916 the other national groups in collaboration overthrew the Post office in

Dublin claiming it as a Irish Republic. After a week long battle over 400 dead and 2600

wounded the British restored order. This was the first case of Ireland standing up for their

independence from Britain.

Coakley, John. “Ethnic Conflict and the Two-State Solution: The Irish Experience of Partition.”

The Institute for British-Irish Studies— University College Dublin, 2​ 004,

http://www.ucd.ie/ibis/filestore/wp2004/42/42_coakley.pdf.

This paper goes into depth about the British rule of Northern Ireland. It also gives

examples, as well as puts it into perspective, of the high polarization during the times

leading up to the conflict. This paper was extremely useful in crafting and adding to the

backstory and the polarization of Irish and British society.

Gladwell, Malcolm. ​David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits and the Art of Battling Giants. Back

Bay Books, ​2013.

Chapter seven in this book gives a brief overview of the conflict, a first-hand account of

the events as well as a possible reason for the outbreak of violence. This source was
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useful mainly because of the narrative of the incidents and the prospective cause of the

discord given.

Hammer, Joshua. “In Northern Ireland, Getting Past the Troubles.” ​The Smithsonian Magazine,

March 2009, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/in-northern-ireland-getting-past

-the-troubles-52862004/.

This article gives a brief overview, gives a first person account of the trouble and, most

importantly, gives the effects that were felt years later. From this paper, we mostly used

the effects following the troubles.

"Irish Republican Army (IRA)." ​Britannica School,​ Encyclopædia Britannica, 28 Dec. 2017.

This source gives good insight as to who the people were that make up the Irish

Republican Army (IRA). It used immense detail to describe specifically the Provisional

wing, and how they turned into a terrorist organization. It also gives some history to how

the IRA was formed and a little background as to what started the tensions.

Orwell, George. “Notes On Nationalism.” ​Magazine of Philosophy, Psychology,

and Aesthetics, ​1945.

In his source, the author discusses nationalism and argues that it causes people to

disregard common sense and to become more ignorant towards facts. He shows his

concern for the social state of Europe and the rest of the world because of the increasing

influence of nationalistic sentiment in a large number of countries. This source was used

for only one quote: "The point is that as soon as fear, hatred, jealousy, and power worship

are involved, the sense of right and wrong become unhinged also.”

"The Troubles." ​Britannica School,​ Encyclopædia Britannica, 14 May. 2019.

The Troubles were a time period in Northern Ireland in which tensions were extremely

high due to the discrimination the Catholics were facing from the dominant Protestant

government. This article also gives some insight as to what actually happened during the

riots. It also gives how all three sides, the British, the Protestants, and the Catholics all

responded.

White, John. ​Interpreting Northern Ireland. Oxford University Press Incorporated, ​1990.

While not all of the book was used, one of the sections in the book focused on the

cultural divide in Ireland leading up to, during and for years to come. Another section

clarified many labeling and definitional issues of the conflict. Both of these sections were

useful in better understanding the events leading up to the conflict as well as the conflict

in general.