Part A INTRODUCTION:

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) and Britain, is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of reland and many smaller islands. !orthern reland is the only part of the "# that shares a land $order with another state%the &epu$lic of reland. 'part from this land $order, the "# is surrounded $y the 'tlantic (cean in the west and north, the !orth )ea in the east, the English *hannel in the south and the rish )ea in the west. The form of government is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The capital city is +ondon. t consists of four countries, England, )cotland, -ales and !orthern reland. The latter three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, $ased in their capital cities, Edin$urgh, *ardiff and Belfast respectively. Guernsey, .ersey and the sle of /an are *rown dependencies and are not part of the "#. The "nited #ingdom has fourteen Territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the late 01th and early 23th centuries, encompassed almost a 4uarter of the world5s land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still $e o$served in the prevalence of language, culture and legal systems in many of its former colonies.

BACKGROUND HISTORY:
A t! of Union "#$#:
Through the act of union on 0 /ay 0636. )cotland and England 7ointly esta$lished kingdom of Great Britain. The 8ueen 'nne was the pioneer of this state. n 0636, the 'cts of "nion received their &oyal assent, there$y a$olishing the #ingdom of England and the #ingdom of )cotland and their respective parliaments to create a unified #ingdom of Great Britain with a single 9arliament of Great Britain. 'nne $ecame formally the first occupant of the unified British throne and )cotland sent

:; /9s to the new parliament at -estminster. 9erhaps the greatest single $enefit to )cotland of the "nion was that )cotland could en7oy free trade with England and her possessions overseas. <or England5s part, a possi$le ally for European states hostile to England had $een neutrali=ed while simultaneously securing a 9rotestant succession to the new British throne. 's a new country the political, economical and communication system was not good. 's a result country was not developed in 0633 century. The country is suffered from poverty, education, property etc.

%a&or e'ent! ha((ened in )ngland from "#$$*"+$$

0610-*onstitutional 'ct (creates upper and lower *anada) 0612-The *orresponding )ociety is founded ()uppressed 0>33). 061?-The Board of 'griculture is esta$lished. 061;-The )editious and Treasona$le practices 'ct is passed. 061@-*oApoA Baccine tested 0616-The !or and )pithead mutinies occur

061>-The rish re$ellion is crushed 0611- <irst *om$ination 'ct passed

A t! of Union "+$$:
The legislative union of Great Britain and reland was completed $y the 'cts of "nion 0>33 passed $y each parliament, united the two kingdoms into one, called CThe "nited #ingdom of Great Britain and relandC. The twin 'cts were passed in the 9arliament of Great Britain and the 9arliament of reland with su$stantial ma7orities achieved in reland in part (according to contemporary documents) through $ri$ery, namely the awarding of peerages and honorsD to critics to get their votes.

"nder the terms of the union, there was to $e $ut one 9arliament of the "nited #ingdom. reland sent four lords spiritual ($ishops) and twenty-eight lords temporal to the Eouse of +ords and one hundred mem$ers to the Eouse of *ommons at -estminster. The lords spiritual were chosen $y rotation and the lords temporal were selected from among the peers of reland. 9art of the arrangement as a trade-off for rish *atholics was to $e the granting of *atholic Emancipation, which had $een fiercely resisted $y the all-'nglican rish 9arliament. Eowever, this was $locked $y #ing George who argued that emancipating &oman *atholics would $reach his *oronation (ath. The &oman *atholic hierarchy had endorsed the "nion. Eowever the decision to $lock *atholic Emancipation fatally undermined the appeal of the "nion.

%a&or e'ent! ha((ened in )ngland from "+$$*",$$

A t! of -nion ",$$*.$$$:
n the early 01th century, the British-led ndustrial &evolution $egan to transform the country. t slowly led to a shift in political power away from the old landowning Tory elites to the new industrialists. The alliance of merchants and industrialists with the -higs would lead to a new party, the +i$eral 9arty ("#), with an ideology of free trade and laisse=-faire. The "# fought with <rance, &ussia and (after 0106) the "), against Germany and its allies in the <irst -orld -ar (010:F0>). The "# armed forces were engaged across much of the British Empire and in several regions of Europe, particularly on the -estern front. 'fter the war, the "# received the +eague of !ations mandate over a num$er of former German and (ttoman colonies, and the British Empire had reached its greatest eAtent, covering a fifth of the world5s land surface and a 4uarter of its population. Eowever, the "# had suffered some two and a half million casualties and finished the war with a huge national de$t. The rise of rish !ationalism and disputes within reland over the terms of rish Eome &ule led

eventually to the partition of the island in 0120, and the rish <ree )tate $ecame independent with Gominion status in 0122. !orthern reland remained part of the "nited #ingdom. ' wave of strikes in the mid-0123s culminated in the "# General )trike of 012@. The "# had still not recovered from the effects of the war when the Great Gepression (0121F?2) occurred. This led to considera$le unemployment and hardship in the old industrial areas as well as political and social unrest in the 01?3s. ' coalition government was formed in 01?0. The "# entered -orld -ar $y declaring war on Germany in 01?1. n 01:3, -inston *hurchill $ecame prime minister and head of a coalition government. Gespite the defeat of its European allies in the first year of the war, the "# continued the fight alone against Germany. n 01:3, the &'< defeated the German +uftwaffe in a struggle for control of the skies in the Battle of Britain. The "# nevertheless sustained heavy $om$ing during the Blit=. There were also eventual hard-fought victories in the Battle of the 'tlantic, the !orth 'frica campaign and Burma campaign. "# forces played an important role in the !ormandy landings of 01::. 'fter Germany5s defeat, the "# was one of the Big Three powers that met to plan the post-war world and was an original signatory to the Geclaration of the "nited !ations. The "# $ecame one of the five permanent mem$ers of the "nited !ations )ecurity *ouncil. Eowever, the war left the "# severely weakened and depending financially on /arshall 'id and loans from the "nited )tates. %a&or e'ent! ha((ened in )ngland from ",$$*.$$$/ -orld war Great depression -orld war /em$er of *ommon market, E". The 5disuniting5 of the "nited #ingdom

A t! of -nion .$$$*(re!ent/
'round the end of the 23th century there were ma7or changes to the governance of the "# with the esta$lishment of devolved national administrations for )cotland,

-ales and !orthern reland.H1@IThe statutory incorporation followed acceptance of the European *onvention on Euman &ights. The "# is still a key glo$al player diplomatically and militarily. t plays leading roles in the E", "! and !'T(. Eowever, controversy surrounds some of Britain5s overseas military deployments, particularly in 'fghanistan and ra4.H16I n 230?, the "# is striving to recover from a slump that followed the 233> glo$al financial crisis. ' coalition government has introduced austerity measures which aim to tackle a large $udget deficit.H1>I %a&or e'ent! ha((ened in )ngland from .$$$*(re!ent/ -ar in 'fghanistan and ra4, and terrorist attacks at home !ationalist government in )cotland. The 233> economic crisis The 2303 coalition government

Part D CONC0USION:
Today the uk is a developed country and has the world5s siAth-largest economy $y nominal GG9 and eighth-largest economy $y purchasing power parity. t was the world5s first industriali=ed country and the world5s foremost power during the 01th and early 23th centuries. The "# is still referred to as a great power and retains considera$le economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. t is a recogni=ed nuclear weapons state and its military eApenditure ranks fourth in the world. t has $een a mem$er of the European "nion and its predecessor the European Economic *ommunity since 016?. t is also a mem$er of the commonwealth of nations, the council of Europe, the G6, the G>, the G23, !'T(, the organi=ation for economic co-operation and development ((E*G) and the world trade organi=ation.