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Brazil Case Study

The document summarizes push and pull factors influencing migration within Brazil. It discusses poverty and lack of opportunities driving migration from rural areas like Sertao to cities like Rio de Janeiro, which offers hopes of jobs, education, healthcare and entertainment. However, this migration has led to major issues like widespread homelessness, growth of shanty towns, crime, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. While favela residents have made improvements, problems remain due to high population densities and locations on steep slopes. Government programs aim to provide housing and basic services to address the situation.

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Lucas Ng
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59 views1 page

Brazil Case Study

The document summarizes push and pull factors influencing migration within Brazil. It discusses poverty and lack of opportunities driving migration from rural areas like Sertao to cities like Rio de Janeiro, which offers hopes of jobs, education, healthcare and entertainment. However, this migration has led to major issues like widespread homelessness, growth of shanty towns, crime, pollution, and inadequate infrastructure. While favela residents have made improvements, problems remain due to high population densities and locations on steep slopes. Government programs aim to provide housing and basic services to address the situation.

Uploaded by

Lucas Ng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Brazil: a national migration case study

Push factors:

 The Sertao is a semi-arid area in North East brazil


 Poverty: of the 208 million people in Brazil, 26% population is in poverty.
 Few jobs except farming
 Poor health facilities
 Few schools
 Little entertainment, especially for young people.

Pull factors:

 Rio de Janeiro now has half a million homeless, 1.5 million living in favelas (shanty towns) and another 1 million
living in poor quality local authority housing.
 That means that half the population of Rio is living in poor quality housing, or worse.
 The hope of better work and the chance to make money
 Better schools
 Better healthcare
 More entertainment

Problems (Housing):

 There are over 700 favelas in/near to Rio, each with more than 60 families.
 The largest of them is known as Rocinha.
 Favelas are not very stable – most are built on steep, unused hillsides from any materials available – and thus
storms and landslides are a problem.
 In 1988 storms caused 200 deaths.
 As they are on the base of hills, sewage from favelas further up the hill may stream through the favela.

Problems (Crime):

 Favelas are often perceived as areas of organized crime.


 This is acting as a push factor causing well-off residents to leave the city for places such as Barra de Tijuca.
 Tourists on Rio’s beaches are advised not to take valuables with them.

Problems (Traffic):

 There is severe congestion due to winding mountain routes.


 Thus, there is noise, light and sound pollution

Problems (Pollution):

 A thick, polluted smog shrouds Guanabara Bay.


 In favelas the rubbish is not collected and so piles up.

Solutions (Self-help):

 Residents of Rocinha have slowly transformed their favela into a small city, built with better materials.
 They have set up shops and small industries.
 The authorities, having accepted the existence of favelas, now work with the residents.
 They have helped to add electricity and satellite TV, paved and lit the streets and added water pipes.
 However, improvements are restricted by the high density of housing and the steep hillside.

Solutions (Site and Service Schemes):

 Even though the residents of favelas can develop their home, they cannot provide basic infrastructure.
 So, some governments, the World Bank and leading charities have set up these schemes.
 They provide a site, basic building materials, and links to electricity, water and drainage.

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